This PSEB 9th Class Computer Notes Chapter 7 E-Governance will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Computer Notes Chapter 7 E-Governance
“Governance” means The process of decision-making and the process by which decisions are implemented. Various factors are involved in governance. Government is one of the actors in governance. Other actors involved in governance vary depending on the level of government.
It’s not about making ‘correct’ decisions, but about the best possible process for making and implementing those decisions.
Main Characteristics of Good Governance:
- Good governance is answerable to the community,
- Good governance is transparent.
- Good governance follows the rule of law.
- Good governance is responsive.
- Good governance is effective and efficient in implementing decisions and follows processes.
- Good governance is participatory.
History and development of E-governance:
In India E-Governance originated during the seventies. The ICT was used to manage data related to elections, census, tax administration etc. After that, with the efforts of the National Informatics Center (NIC) all the district headquarters were connected during the eighties. From the early nineties, e-governance has used IT for wider sectoral applications with emphasis on reaching out to rural areas.
Earlier, a talk between a citizen and the Government takes place in a government office. But with the advancement of Information and Communication technologies, work culture of government offices has enhanced. Information and Communication Technologies has made it possible to locate service centers near to clients.
Such centers may consist of an unattended kiosk in the government agency, a service kiosk located close to the client outside the government agency, or the use of a personal computer at home or office.
In all the cases public traditionally look for information and services addressing his/her needs. In both cases quality and efficiency are of great importance. Therefore, the establishment of e-Govemance requires a good knowledge of the needs that exist in the society and that can be offered using ICT.
Due to widespread demand of E-govemance and exponentially increasing size of data, new technologies Hke Open source solutions and cloud computing need to be used in working of government. Today, electricity, water, phone and all kinds of bills can be paid over the internet. All these work is what government and citizens are using and doing. All ‘this dependents on internet and when citizens depends on government internet services all that come is E-Govemance.
E-governance:
Online working of a government or providing its services online to its citizens at their door step is known as E-Govemance. In other words, E-Govemance means online availability of government services.
E-Govemance has made the working of government more efficient andmore transparent to its citizens. Success or failure of any government depends on three things:
- The way the government works.
- Transparency in its working and information.
- Communication to its citizen.
In E-Govemance, government use of internet technology to communicate and provide information to common peoples and businessman.
There are four pillars of E-Governance:
- Connectivity: Connectivity is required to connect the people to the services of the government.
- Knowledge: The knowledge here is referred to as IT knowledge.
- Data Content: To share information over the internet, government possesses its database which should have the data content related to government services.
- Capital: Capital is referred to money used by government to provide their services.
Objectives of E-Governance:
The two main objectives of e-governance are:
1. To satisfactorily fulfil the public’s needs and expectations by simplifying their interaction with various online services.
2. To facilitate a speedy, transparent, accountable, efficient and effective process for performing government administration activities.
E-Governance models:
These four models of e-governance are as:
- Government to citizens (G2C)
- Government to government (G2G)
- Government to employees (G2E)
- Government to businessman (G2B)
1. Government to citizens (G2C):
This model of e-govemance refers to the government services which are shared by citizens. In this model, citizens visit to the links of services that they want to use. This model strengthens the bond between government and its citizen. Type of services which are provided by this model includes:-
- Payment of online bills such as electricity, water, telephone bills etc.
- Online registration of applications.
- Copies of land-record.
- Online filling of complaints.
- Availability” of any kind of online information.
2. Government to government (G2G):
This model refers to the services which are shared between the governments. These types of services or information are as:
- Sharing of information between police department of various state.
- Government document exchange which includes preparation, approval, distribution, and storage of ail governmental documents, is also done through e- governance.
- Most of the finance and budget works are also done through e-governance.
3. Government to businessmen (G2B):
It is used by businessmen to communicate to the government. Type of services which are provided by this model includes:-
- Collection of taxes.
- Rejection and approval of patent is done by this model.
- Payment of all kind of bills and penalty.
- Sharing of all kind of information, rules and data.
- Complaints or any kind of dissatisfaction can be shown by this.
4. Government to employees (G2E):
This model increases the transparency between government and its employee. Information that can be shared by this model:
- All kind of data submission (attendance record, employee record etc.) from various government offices is done by this model.
- Employee can file all kinds of complaints and dissatisfaction by this model.
- All kind of rule- regulation and information for employees can be shared by this.
- Employees can check their payment and working record.
- Employees can register all kind of working forms online.
Areas of E-governance:
Today area of e-governance is very wide. E-Governance is implemented by government in almost every field.
I. E-Governance in urban areas:
1. Transportation
Services provided by e-governance in this area are:
- Issue of learner licensees, Issue of driving licenses, Renewal of driving licenses etc.
- To provide transport-related facilities online.
- For online bookings, cancellation of seats, for enquiry about departure of buses, availability of seats and buses etc.
- Issuance of Time Table of buses.
- Provision of booking facility for Interstate transport.
- Transportation Improvement Program.
- Regional Transportation Plans.
- Congestion Management Process.
- Transportation Demand Management.
Various projects such as
- IRCTC (Indian Railway Catering and tourism Cooperation ltd.) Offers online rail ticket booking, and checking of ticket reservation status.
- HRTC (Himachal Road Transport Corporation project) is for online bookings, cancellation of seats, for enquiry about departure of buses, availability of seats and buses etc.
2. Online payment of bills and taxes
Services provided by e-govemance in this area are :
- Online Transactions such as payment of license fees, university fees, etc.
- Payment of Bill such as online payment of electricity and water bills,utility bills, to avail of trade licenses and transact on government matters at these facilities. ‘
- Payment of taxes such as online payment of motor vehicle taxes, revenue taxes,
- Payment of house EMIs.
Various Projects such as
- SAMP ARK by Chandigarh government.
- E-Suvidha by the government of Uttar Pradesh.
- E-SEVA (Electronic seva) by Andhra Pradesh.
- E-Mitra by the Government of Rajasthan
3. Information and public relation key services:
With these kinds of projects people can get any kind of information with just a single click are as under :
1. Information about vacancies, tenders and market rates etc.
2. Village e-mail etc.
Various projects such as
1. LokMitra by the government of Himachal Pradesh.
4. Municipal services
Services provided are as:
- House Tax Assessment, Billing and Collection.
- Maintaining records of Land & property. Certificates like Land sale Permission, Legal heir certificate.
- Issue of Passport Verification Certificate.
- Issue of Death and BirthCertificates.
- Registration & Attorneys of properties such as computerization of the Document registration work at Sub Registrar Office.
- Provide services such as issuance of certificates, issuance of orders in respect of Social Security Schemes such as old age pension, widow pension, freedom fighter pension etc.
- Review and approval authority for site plans
Various projects such as
- SDO Suite by Assam government.
- Rural Digital Services.
5. Roads and traffic management
Services provided by this type of e-governance is :
- Network of Roads & Bridges.
- Road construction and their maintenance.
- Traffic Management.
Safety, Accident and pollution control.arious projects such as
1. RSPCB (Rajasthan State Pollution Control Board) by Govt, of Rajasthan.
II. Areas of e-governance in rural areas
In rural areas e-govemance has its very powerful impact.
1. Agriculture:
Following are the projects used in Agriculture.
1. AGMARKNET: It is a project approved by Department of Marketing & Inspection (DMI), Ministry of Agriculture, and the Government of India.
2. SEEDNET: It is a SEED informatics network under ministry of Agriculture, Government of India.
2. Local information:
For local information such as personal information, prices of seeds, fertilizers, loan rates etc.
Various projects such as
1. E-Aadhar
2. E-JanSampark
3. Disaster management:
To deal with these disasters, much state government has started e-governance service for this.
Project in this area are:
1. Chetana by the state of Bihar is a Disaster management system which has been started to deal with natural disasters such as flood and earthquake.
4. Land record management:
By facilitating e-governance service in this area, millions of land records can be maintain in a very short time span.
Projects in this area are :
- Land Records Management System State Government of Punjab.
- Devbhoomi State Government of Uttarakhand.
- Bhu-Lekh UP State Government of Uttar Pradesh.
- E-Dhara State Government of Gujarat.
5. Panchayat:
Services provided by e-governance in this area are:
- Issue of Birth/Death certificate.
- Application for inclusion of name in Voter list.
- Conducting various welfare schemes for the poor and needy sections of the society.
- Preparing district wise planning, implementing those plan, and review for success.
- To provide wage employment to the needy from amongst the poorest section of the rural society.
- Rural water supply and sanitation.
Various projects:
1. E-GramViswa Gram Project by Gujarat.
III. E-governance in Health
Service provided by these projects are as:
- Availability of medicines.
- Special health camps.
- Facilities at Anganwadi centers.
Various projects are:
- Hospital OPD Appointment:
- Online Vaccination Appointment for International Traveler:
IV. E-governance in Education
Providing basic education (elementary, primary, and secondary) to children.
- Providing computer education to children.
- Results for 10th& 12th classes.
- Information on eligibility for “Distribution of books” scheme.
Various projects are:
Online Scholarship Management System such as Ashirwad portal by Punjab Government.