This PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 8 Modernisation and Globalisation will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 8 Modernisation and Globalisation
Outsourcing:
- Giving work to other companies is known as outsourcing.
Disinvestment:
- Privatisation of public sector companies is known as disinvestment.
Charismatic Leader:
- That leader who is having some charismatic features in his personality and who can influence the public with his personality.
Secularization:
- That belief in which state, morality, and education are distanced from the impact of religion.
Liberalisation:
- Reducing government control over the market and opening up economic boundaries.
→ In simple language, the meaning of modernisation is adopting new and modern ways and values of living life.
→ Initially, this meaning was taken in a very narrow sense but now the changes in the agricultural economy and industrial economy are also included in it.
→ First of all the word modernisation was used by Daniel Lerner while analysing the middle eastern societies.
→ According to him, modernisation is a process of change that comes in non-western societies due to their direct or indirect relations with western societies.
→ There are many features of modernisation such as it is a revolutionary and complex process.
→ This process goes on for a long time, it cannot move back, it brings progress in society, etc.
→ Modernisation comes due to certain reasons such as an increase in urban areas, the advent of large industries, increase in the level of education, development of means of communication, changes brought by any charismatic leader, etc.
→ Modernisation brought many changes in Indian society such as weakening of caste system, change in the structure of the family, increase in the weakening of caste system, change in the structure of the family, increase in the impact of western education, the advent of the new legal system, many reforms were brought in society, etc.
→ The present world is known as a ‘global village’ because the process of globalisation has brought countries closer to each other. Just while sitting at home, we come to know about what is going in the world.
→ The simple meaning of globalisation is the unlimited and unrestricted movement of goods, services, views, information, people, and capital between different countries.
→ It breaks the economic, social, and cultural barriers between those countries.
→ This all has been made possible with the developed means of communication.
→ There are many features of globalisation such as de-localization of functions, acceleration of every work, availability of all the goods around the world, increase in interdependency among countries, increase in mutual exchange, etc.
→ Two processes are very much necessary for globalisation and these are liberalisation and privatisation.
→ The meaning of liberalisation is running the economy according to market rules and the meaning of privatisation is selling government companies to the private sector.
→ There are many reasons of globalisation such as the development of means of transport and communication, the opening up of economic barriers by the government, the advent of multinational companies, etc.
→ Globalisation exerted a great impact on our country such as the advent of trading liberalisation, investment of foreign capital in-country, the advent of money from foreign countries, exchange of technology, the advent of the economic market, production across countries, etc.