This PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture
→ Man has been practicing farming since time immemorial.
→ By using specialized genetic engineering technologies crops can be genetically modified by the transfer of genes of other plants or organisms into the crop.
→ Such improved crops are known as G.M. or transgenic crops.
→ Bt is an abbreviation for the soil bacterium Bacillus thuriengiensis.
→ A crystalline protein is produced in Bt cotton which is highly toxic for bollworms; insects pests of cotton.
→ Initially Bollguard-I hybrid had only one Bt gene and later on, Bollguard-II had two Bt genes.
→ The yield of Bt cotton is five quintal lint per acre.
→ After the introduction of Bt cotton use of insecticides has reduced a lot.
→ GM crops of Brinjal, soybean, maize, rice, etc. have been developed.
→ Some organisations, social activities consider GM crops have an adverse effect on the environment, human health, biodiversity of plants, and species of cultivated plants.
→ The government of India enacted ‘protection of plant varieties and the Farmers’ Rights Act (PPV & FR act) in 2001.
→ This act provided protection for general crops for six years and the protection period can be extended for 15 years.
→ Trees and vines were protected for 9 years and the period can be extended for 18 years.
→ One can get information about registration from the site www.plantauthority.gov.in.
→ Developed countries are using the new concept of precision farming, for this, they are using sensors, G.P.S., etc.
→ In developed countries nitrogen sensor is used to find out the requirement of nitrogen in different sections of a field.
→ We can save water by using a laser land leveler and Tensiometer.
→ In some of the developed countries, G.P.S. is used to accurately measure the fields.
→ According to reports, due to global warming earth has warmed by 0.5°C over the past 100 years.
→ Green House Gases are Carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxide, chlorofluorocarbon (CFC), methane, etc.