Class 8

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.4

Question 1.
Amina thinks of a number and subtracts \(\frac {5}{2}\) from it. She multiplies the result by 8. The result now obtained is 3 times the same number she thought of. What is the number?
Solution:
Let the number be x.
Subtracting \(\frac {5}{2}\) from it, we get, x – \(\frac {5}{2}\)
By multiplying this result by 8,
we get 8 (x – \(\frac {5}{2}\))
According to the condition,
8(x – \(\frac {5}{2}\)) = 3x
∴ 8x – 20 = 3x
∴ 8x = 3x + 20 [Transposing (-20) to RHS]
∴ 8x – 3x = 20 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 5x = 20
∴ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{20}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 4
Thus, the number though of by Amina is 4.

Question 2.
A positive number is 5 times another number. If 21 is added to both the numbers, then one of the new numbers becomes twice the other new number. What are the numbers?
Solution:
Let the smaller number be x
∴ The greater number is 5x
On adding 21 to both the numbers,
we get (5x + 21) and (x + 21)
According to the condition,
5x + 21 = 2 (x + 21)
∴ 5x + 21 = 2x + 42
∴ 5x = 2x + 42 – 21 (Transposing 21 to RHS)
∴ 5x = 2x + 21
∴ 5x – 2x = 21 (Transposing 2x to LHS)
∴ 3x = 21
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{3}=\frac{21}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ x = 7
The smaller number x = 7
The greater number = 5x = 5 × 7 = 35
Thus, the required numbers are 7 and 35.

Question 3.
Sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 9. When we interchange the digits, it is found that the resulting new number is greater than the original number by 27. What is the two-digit number?
Solution:
Let the digit at the units place be x.
Then, the digit at the tens place = (9 – x)
The original number = 10(9 – x) + x
= 90 – 10x + x
= 90 – 9x
On interchanging the digits, the new number =10x + (9 – x)
= 10x + 9 – x
= 9x + 9
According to the condition,
New number = Original number + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = (90 – 9x) + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = 90 – 9x + 27
∴ 9x + 9 = 117 – 9x
∴ 9x = 117 – 9x – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
∴ 9x = 108 – 9x
∴ 9x + 9x = 108 [Transposing (-9x) to LHS]
∴ 18x = 108
∴ \(\frac{18 x}{18}=\frac{108}{18}\) (Dividing both the sides by 18)
∴ x = 6
∴ Original number = 90 – 9x
= 90 – 9(6)
= 90 – 54 = 36
Thus, the original number is 36.

Question 4.
One of the two digits of a two-digit number is three times the other digit. I If you interchange the digits of this two-digit number and add the resulting number to the original number, you get 88. What is the original number?
Solution:
Let the digit at units place be x and the digit at tens place be 3x.
The number = 10 (3x) + x
= 30x + x
= 31x
On interchanging the digits, the number – 10x + 3x = 13x
According to the condition,
31x + 13x = 88
44x = 88
∴ \(\frac{44 x}{44}=\frac{88}{44}\) (Dividing both the sides by 44)
∴x = 2
The number = 31x = 31 × 2 = 62
Thus, original number is either 62 or 26.

Question 5.
Saroj’s mother’s present age is six times ; Saroj’s present age. Saroj’s age five years from now will be one third of his mother’s present age. What are their present ages?
Solution:
Let Saroj’s present age be x years and mother’s present age be 6x years
After 5 years:
Saroj’s age will be x + 5 years
Mother’s age will be 6x + 5 years
According to the condition,
\(\frac {1}{3}\) (Mother’s present age) = Saroj’s age after 5 years
∴ \(\frac {1}{3}\)(6x) = x + 5
∴ 2x = x + 5
∴ 2x – x = 5 (Transposing x to LHS)
∴ x = 5
Saroj’s present age = x = 5 years
Mother’s present age = 6x = 6 × 5
= 30 years
Thus, present ages of Saroj and her mother are 5 years and 30 years respectively.

Question 6.
There is a narrow rectangular plot, reserved for a school, in Mahuli village. The length and breadth of the plot are in the ratio 11 : 4. At the rate ₹ 100 per metre it will cost the village panchayat ₹ 75,000 to fence the plot. What are the dimensions of the plot ?
Solution :
Length : Breadth = 11 : 4
Let the length be 11x metres.
Then, the breadth = 4x metres.
Perimetre = 2 (length + breadth)
= 2 (11x + 4x)
= 2 (15x) = 30x
Cost of fencing = ₹ 100 × 30x
= ₹3000 x
But, the cost of fencing = ₹ 75,000 (Given)
∴ 3000 x = 75000
∴ \(\frac{3000 x}{3000}=\frac{75000}{3000}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3000)
∴ x = 25
Length = 11x
= 11 × 25
= 275 metres
Breadth = 4x
= 4 × 25
= 100 metres
Thus, the length and breadth of the rectangular plot are 275 metres and 100 metres respectively.

Question 7.
Hasan buys two kinds of cloth materials for school uniforms, shirt material that costs him ₹ 50 per metre and trouser material that costs him ₹ 90 per metre.
For every 3 metres of the shirt material he buys 2 metres of the trouser material. He sells the materials at 12% and 10 % profit respectively. His total sale is ₹ 36,600. How much trouser material did he buy?
Solution:
Let the length of cloth for trousers be 2x metres
Then, the length of cloth for shirts = 3x metres
Cost of trouser’s cloth = 2x × ₹ 90
= ₹ 180x
Cost of shirt’s cloth = 3x × ₹ 50
= ₹ 150x
10 % profit is made on trouser’s cloth.
If C.E of trouser’s cloth is ₹ 100, then S.E is ₹ 110.
S.E of trouser’s cloth at 10 % profit = ₹\(\frac {110}{100}\) × 180x
= ₹ 198x
12 % profit is made on shirt’s cloth. If C.P of shirt’s cloth is ₹ 100, then S.P is ₹ 112.
S.P of shirt’s cloth at 12 % profit = ₹\(\frac {112}{100}\) × 150x
= ₹ 168x
∴ Total S.P = ₹ 198x + ₹ 168x
= ₹ 366x
But the total S.P. = ₹ 36,600 (Given)
366x = 36600
∴ \(\frac {112}{100}\) (Dividing both the sides by 366)
∴ x = 100
Cloth for trousers = 2x = 2 × 100 = 200
Thus, he bought 200 metres of cloth for trousers.

Question 8.
Half of a herd of deer are grazing | in the field and three fourths of the remaining are playing nearby. The rest 9 are drinking water from the pond. Find the number of deer in the herd.
Solution:
Let the total number of deer be x.
Number of deer grazing in the field = \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Remaining deer = x – \(\frac{x}{2}\) = \(\frac{x}{2}\)
Deer playing near by = \(\frac {3}{2}\) × (Remaining no. of deer)
= \(\frac {3}{4}\) × \(\frac{x}{2}\)
= \(\frac{3 x}{8}\)
Number of deer drinking water = 9
∴ Total number of deer = \(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) + 9
∴ \(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) + 9 = x
\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) = x – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
\(\frac{x}{2}\) + \(\frac{3 x}{8}\) -x = -9 (Transposing x to LHS)
\(\frac{4 x+3 x-8 x}{8}\) = -9 (LCM = 8)
∴ \(\frac{-x}{8}\) = -9
∴ \(\frac{-x}{8}\) × 8 = -9 × 8 (Multiplying both the sides by 8)
∴ -x = – 72
∴ x = 72 [∵ Multiplying both sides by (- 1)]
Thus, total number of deer in herd is 72.

Question 9.
A grandfather is ten times older than his granddaughter. He is also 54 years older than her. Find their present ages.
Solution:
Let the present age of granddaughter be x years.
Grandfather’s age is 10x years.
Fresent age of daughter + 54 = Grandfather’s age
∴ x + 54 = 10x
∴ 10x = x + 54 (Interchanging the sides)
∴ 10x – x = 54 (Transposing x to LHS)
∴ 9x = 54
∴ \(\frac{9 x}{9}=\frac{54}{9}\) (Dividing both the sides by 9)
∴ x = 6
Granddaughter’s age = x = 6 years
Grandfather’s age = 10x = 10 × 6 = 60 years
Thus, granddaughter’s age is 6 years and grandfather’s age is 60 years.

Question 10.
Aman’s age is three times his son’s age. Ten years ago he was five times his son’s age. Find their present ages.
Solution :
Let the present age of son be x years
Then, the present age of Aman = 3x years
Ten years ago their ages:
Son’s age was (x – 10) years
Aman’s age was (3x – 10) years
5 × (Son’s age 10 years ago) = Aman’s age 10 years ago
∴ 5 (x – 10) = (3x – 10)
∴ 5x – 50 = 3x – 10
∴ 5x = 3x – 10 + 50 [Transposing (-50) to RHS]
∴ 5x = 3x + 40
∴ 5x – 3x = 40 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 2x = 40
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{40}{2}\)(Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ x = 20
Son’s present age = x = 20 years
Aman’s present age = 3x = 3 × 20
= 60 years
Thus, present ages of Aman and his son are 60 years and 20 years respectively.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Voice Messages Writing Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Voice Messages Writing

1.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Call from Ramesh Nagar Need two wheeler Not big budget Mobile No …………..

Manju : Hello, this is Manju. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Preeti : Hello, Manju this is Preeti calling from Ramesh Nagar. Your neighbourer Mr. Mbhan gave me your number. He said you are interested in selling your two wheeler. I was in need of second hand two wheeler. I can’t afford a big budget. Your two wheeler will serve my purpose. I am free on Sunday. Could I come to have a look of .the two wheeler. Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you. My Mobile No. is 98102-70 …….

2.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Business man or service man Location Number of rooms Minimum rent

Gurvinder : Hello, this is Gurvinder. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Ravinder : Hi, Gurvinder this is Ravinder calling from your society. You uncle Mr. Ramesh Singh gave me your number. He told that you wish to let your house on rent. I have some interested parties with me. They are either business man or service man. Call me back when free. My number is 99012……. Would you please tell me about number of rooms, location of the house, distance of the nearest market, interstate bus stand and railway station. Is there a public park near it ? What would be the minimum rent ? Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

3.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Calling from Hi-tech Washing powder, Washing soap etc. Brochure on table Live demo

Rohan : Hello, this is Rohan. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Rahul : Hi, Rohan this is Rahul calling from Hi-Tech company. Your friend Alka gave me your number. She said you could help me. I wanted to give you some information about our new products like washing powder, washing soap, hair oil etc. I have left the brochure showing the products and their prices on your table. We can give you live demo at your office when you come back. So please call me back. My Mobile No. is 70127-50 Thank you very much. I look forward to hear from you.

4.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Calling from Dubey Builders Two rooms, three rooms or one room set Fully or semi furnished Visiting card

Jagdish : Hello, this is Jagdish. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Sunil Dubey : Hi, Jagdish this is Sunil Dubey calling from Dubey Builders Ludhiana. Your nephew Rohan gave me your number. He told that you need a house on rent. We have developed a new colony with two rooms set, three rooms set or single room set houses. They are fully furnished or semi furnished houses. Some are still vacant you can hire one as per your needs. I have left my visiting card with, the receptionist. Please call me when you are back. Thank you. Looking forward to hear from you.

5.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Deals in two wheelers sale/purchase All companies products Activa in good condition Going on reasonable price Mobile No. 78402-70 ………

Naveen : Hello, this is Naveen. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Rakesh : Hi, Naveen this is Rakesh calling from Ludhi colony. Your cousin amrit gave me your number. He said you want to purchase a second hand two wheeler. I deal is second hand two wheelers. I have products of almost all companies in my stock, Activa, Splender, Gusto, Hero Glamer, Bajaj Pulser and so on. Could you call me when you are back. I would like to give you the (demo) demonstration of the Activa which is in very good condition and going on reasonable price. My Mobile No. is 78402-70 ……….. . Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

6.

Main Point of Voicemail Message

Message

Geetanajli from Smith & Smith Decorator Deals in decoration of houses, shops and offices Decoration as per the customers demand.

Sita : Hello, this is Sita. Thanks for calling. I’m not at home so please leave a message and I’ll call you back. Geetanjali : Hi, Sita this is Geetanjali calling from Smith and Smith Decorators. Your cousin Parul gave me your number. She said you want to renovate your office. We deal in the decoration of houses, shops and offices. We can beautifully decorate your sales office from inside and can give it a look of commercial centre from outside to attract the customers attention. Some changes can be incorporated in it to make it easy approachable. Every thing can be discussed in details. Just give me a missed call. My Mobile No. is 88112-30 ………. . Thanks a lot. I look forward to hear from you.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Reading Comprehension Conversation / Dialogue Based Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Reading Comprehension Conversation / Dialogue Based

Read the following conversation carefully and answer the questions that follow:

(1) Akram : Why did you not go to village till this time?
Shan : No, I have changed my programme. I do not want to leave comfortable life of the city and lead a very dull and monotonous life in a village.
Akram : You have a very bad unpression about village life. Why ?
Shan : Yes, I am saying right. The village is full of dust and dirt. Many comforts of life are not available in a village. Heaps or garbage can be seen everywhere. People and animals live at the same place. They use the water from the dirty pond. Ignorance prevails everywhere.
Akram : My friend you are mistaken. Many villages have become modern now. There are good schools and hospitals in almost every village. Sanitary system has improved a lot. Electricity has reached in every village which has made life much easier and better.
Shan : But the cities have better facilities, beautiful houses, modern means of communication, fast and comfortable vehicles and many more. The people of cities have comfortable life.
Akram : You are talking superficially. There are crowded houses. A large number of people live in small houses which is injurious to health. Polluted air, dirty streets and stinking drains spread many diseases. The people of cities have no love ‘and sympathy whereas villagers are very sincere. The village life has fresh air, simplicity and love.

Question 1.
Shan thinks that life in a village is:
(a) full of adventures
(b) modern and advanced
(c) dull and monotonous
(d) full of comforts and luxuries
Answer:
(c) dull and monotonous.

Question 2.
What are the major drawbacks of a village life according to Shan ?
(a) lack of sanitation
(b) dirty surroundings
(c) ignorgant people
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Question 3.
What makes city life better than village life ?
(a) crowded houses
(b) polluted air and stinking drains
(c) better facilities like communication, transportation and high living standard
(d) people who lack love and sympathy.
Answer:
(c) better facilities like communication, transportation and high living standard

Question 4.
Polluted air and stinking drains have made city life:
(a) more comfortable
(b) full of diseases
(c) thrilling and adventurous
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(b) full of diseases.

Question 5.
What does the above conversation tell us ?
(a) It draws a comparison between life in a village and a city.
(b) Life in cities is better than in villages.
(c) People in villages are uncivilized and ignorant.
(d) Village life is full of discomforts.
Answer:
(a) It draws a comparison between life in a village and a city.

2. Raman : Dad ! You promised to take me to the shopping mall on Saturday.
Daddy : I remember, my child. Finish your breakfast and get ready to go.
Raman : Yah ! You are the best .dad. (Raman finished his breakfast hurriedly and got ready) I am ready.
Daddy : Let’s go.
(While sitting in the car, daddy asked Raman to wear his seat belt.)
Raman : I know daddy that the traffic policeman would challan us if we are not wearing the seat belt.
Daddy (laughs) : We do not wear seat belt for the policeman. We wear it for our safety. It protects driver and passengers from injury during any type of accident.
Raman : Hmm ! (He pulls his seat belt and smiles.)
(At traffic signal, daddy stops the car just on the zebra crossing.)
Raman : Daddy ! We should not stop the vehicle on the zebra crossing. Our teacher told us that zebra crossing is for the safety of pedestrians. Vehicles have to stop before the zebra crossing to let the pedestrians cross the road safely.
Daddy : Very well, Raman.
(Raman starts singing.)
Raman : Red light, Red light, What do you say ?
I say, Stop !
Stop ! right away.
Yellow light, Yellow light,
What do you say ?
I say, wait!
Wait! Right away.
Green light, Green light,
What do you say ?
I say, Go !
Go ! Right away.
(Daddy smiles and moves the car when the signal goes green.)

Question 1.
In the car Daddy asked Raman to
(a) wear his cap
(b) wear his helmet
(c) wear his seat belt
(d) remove his seat belt.
Answer.
(c) wear his seat belt.

Question 2.
The seat belt is meant for:
(a) safety during accidents
(b) alertness on the road
(c) saving us from challan
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(a) safety during accidents

Question 3.
Zebra crosssing is meant for the :
(a) two wheelers to cross the road safely
(b) car drivers to cross the road safely
(c) policeman to control the traffic
(d) pedestrians to cross the road safely.
Answer:
(d) pedestrians to cross the road safely.

Question 4.
Daddy stops his car just:
(a) on the zebra crossing
(b) before the zebra crossing
(c) in the middle of road.
(d) after he crosses the zebra crossing.
Answer:
(a) on the zebra crossing.

Question 5.
Yellow light asks us to:
(a) go
(b) Stop
(c) wait
(d) Look Back
Answer:
(c) wait.

3. Pala said, “Dear, look at the buildings. How tall they are ! Our village is now on the way to advancement”. Beero grumbled, “Advancement! Don’t you realize that our health is at stake ?” “What are you saying ?” asked Pala. “You need to look around you,” said Beero. People have beautiful homes with all kinds of facilities but they are not using them properly.”

“What do you want to say ?” asked Pala. Beero responded, “They are not using their toilets.” “What!” exclaimed Pala. Beero continued, “They defecate in the open near my home. This place stinks ! I am fed up of this unpleasant odour. They are not even afraid of the danger they are going to face.”
Pala said, “What kind of danger, Beero ?”
Beero said, “Diseases ! How can we forget the two children of our village who died of diarrhoea and infection. At least I can’t ! I am surprised how can man be so ignorant about good hygiene practices ?” She continued, “I have decided I will not tolerate it anymore.”
“What will you do ?” asked Pala.

Beero announced, “I will spread awareness among the people about the use of toilet and the advantages of keeping their homes and surroundings clean and healthy. Will you help me ?

“Of course ! A good deed needs no second thought, no permission,” remarked Pala.

Question 1.
The village was on the way to advancement. What was its sign ?
{a) healthy atmosphere
(b) new houses
(c) tall buildings
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(c) tall buildings.

Question 2.
People had beautiful houses but they were not using their:
(a) toilets
(b) drawing rooms
(c) kitchens
(d) store houses.
Answer:
(a) toilets.

Question 3.
The people in the village defecated:
(a) in front of their house
(b) at the back of their house on
(c) in the open near Beero’s home
(d) the roof of their building.
Answer:
(c) in the open near Beero’s home.

Question 4.
Two children in the village had died of:
(a) cholera and malaria
(b) malaria and diarrhoea
(c) typhoid and nausea
(d) diarrhoea and infection.
Answer:
(d) diarrhoea and infection.

Question 5.
Pala and Beero decided to spread awareness among the people about:
(a) the use of toilets
(b) keeping their homes clean
(c) keeping their surroundings clean and healthy
(d) all of these.
Answer:
(d) all of these.

(4) Kamal : Good Morning, Madam !
Madam : Good Morning ! Sit down. What do you want ?
Kamal : I want to get admission in your schoof.
Madam : Which class do you want to take admission in ?
Kamal : I have just passed class seven. I want to take admission in eighth class.
Madam : Where were you studying before ?
Kamal : I studied in Delhi Public School, Ludhiana. Now my father has been transferred to this city.
Madam : What does your father do ?
Kamal : He is a bank manager.
Madam : Okay. You have to fill the admission form first. Attach your School Leaving Certificate with it.
Kamal : Thank you. mon.

Question 1.
Why did Kamal come to the school ?
(a) He wants to apply for a job
(b) He wants to study in the school
(c) He wants to take part in games
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) He wants to study in the school.

Question 2.
In which class does he want to study ?
(a) sixth
(b) seventh
(c) eighth
(d) tenth.
Answer:
(c) eighth.

Question 3.
In which city did he study before ?
(a) Ludhiana
(b) Patiala
(c) Kapurthala
(d) Bathinda.
Answer:
(a) Ludhiana.

Question 4.
Why does he want to change the school ?
(a) He did not like his previous school ?
(b) His father was transferred to another city
(c) He was failed
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) His father was transferred to another city.

Question 5.
What is required to get admission along with the admission from ?
(a) Identity Proof
(b) Detailed Marks Certificate
(c) School Leaving Certificate
(d) Residence Certificate.
Answer:
(c) School Leaving Certificate.

5. Aman s father is going to the office. His mother asks his father to pay the electricity bill.
Father : I’m very busy. I have a meeting today.
Mother : Today is the last date to pay the bill.
Father : OK. I will try. (After using his mobile phone) I have paid the bill. Aman has been watching all this and is very curious to know how his father has paid the bill. In the evening, he asks his father about it.
Aman : Papa you did not go to the Electricity office but you paid the bill. How is it possible?
Father : I paid the bill using net banking facility.
Aman : Oh ! What is net-banking facility? Please tell me.
Father : Ok, listen. A bank is a safe place where we can save our money. It receives money from those who want to save it and lends money on interest to those who need it.
Aman : Can we get back our money?
Father : Yes, of course. It depends upon the type of account we choose. From saving account we can withdraw money whenever we need.
Aman : Why should we deposit money in the bank ?
Father : In a bank our money is always safe. A bank also pays us some extra money called interest for our deposit.

Question 1.
What does Aman’s mother ask his father to do?
(a) not to go to the office
(b) to go to the bank
(c) to pay the electricity bill
(d) not to attend the meeting that day.
Answer:
(c) to pay the electricity bill.

Question 2.
The bill must be paid that day because:
(a) it is the last date to pay it
(b) the banks would not be opened the next day
(c) the electricity office would be closed the next day
(d) there was a strike the next day.
Answer:
(a) it is the last date to pay it.

Question 3.
Aman’s father paid the bill through:
(a) a courier
(b) net-banking.
(c) a check
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) net-banking.

Question 4.
For saving of our money, a bank is:
(a) a risky place
(b) not a proper place
(c) a place beyond our reach
(d) a safe place.
Answer:
(d) a safe place.

Question 5.
Extra money that a bank pays us on our deposit is called:
(a) principal
(b) principle
(c) saving
(d) interest.
Answer:
(d) interest.

6. One day, Rahim and his father went for a morning walk at 6 o’ clock. Rahim was questioning his father about the things around and enjoying. On the way, he saw beautiful mountains, lush green lands, grazing cows and white ducks swimming in a small pond.
Rahim : Father, I am tired, now.
Father : We can take rest.
(They both sat down under a shady walnut tree. Suddenly, Rahim s eyes fell on a very big watermelon growing in a field nearby.)
Rahim : Which fruit is that father ?
Father : That is a watermelon. It grows on a vine.
Rahim : Walnut is much smaller than the watermelon but the walnut tree is stronger
than the watermelon vine why God did that ?
Father : What do you think ?
Rahim : I think God has made a mistake. The walnut should have grown on a yine and the watermelon on a tree.
Father : Rahim, never doubt God. Whatsoever God has done or does is always wise decision.
(Just then a walnut fell on Rahims head and struck his head sharply.)
Rahim : Ouch! Now I understand. I am glad that walnuts and not watermelons grow on trees. God, the Almighty is, indeed very wise.

Question 1.
What did Rahizn not see on the way?
(a) lush green lands
(b) beautiful mountains
(c) grazing cows
(d) a watermelon growing on a tree
Answer:
(d) A watermelon growing on a tree.

Question 2.
Where was the big watermelon growing’
(a) in a field
(b) on a tree
(c) in a pond
(d) on the mountain.
Answer:
(a) in a field.

Question 3.
What does a walnut grow?
(a) on a tree
(b) on a vine
(c) on a bush
(d) in a pond.
Answer:
(b) a vine.

Question 4.
‘Whose decision is always right?
(a) Rahim’s
(b) Our friend’s decision.
(c) our elders
(d) God’s.
Answer:
(d) God’s.

Question 5.
A watermelon does not grow on a tree because:
(a) it may hurt somebody if it falls down
(b) it does not look nice.
(c) it is very costly
(d) It will be difficult to pide it.
Answer:
(a) it may hurt somebody if it falls down.

7. A building is on fire. The fire started because of a short circuit. Huge flames of fire can be seen coming out of each floor and there is black and thick smoke all around. People can be seen running with buckets full of water. They are trying to put out the fire. But are they successful ? No. The fire is spreading to other buildings around. Let’s see what the people are saying to each other.

Mr. Singh : would you please call the fire service on your telephone ?
Mr. Sharma : I’ve already done so. A fire engine is on the way.
Mr. Singh : Phone all the people living in the building to come out. The police have cordoned off the building. A large crowd has gathered on the site.
Mr. Sharma : Yes, some people have come out, but there are others who are trapped in the building.
Mr. Singh : Can you hear the source of alarm bells ? Oh yes, I can also see fire engine coming at full speed.
Mr. Sharma : What a relief!
Mr. Singh : The firemen are at their task. They can be seen using ladders to bring down the people who are trapped.
Mr. Sharma : The firemen are using hoses to spray water on the fire. Soon the fire will be put out.
Mr. Singh : One of the buildings has been reduced to ashes. Everybody was happy that the fire has been controlled and the other buildings have been saved.
Mr. Sharma : Let us thank the firemen for the wonderful job they have done indeed. They have risked their lives to save the houses and the people.

The firemen feel happy They get into the engines and drive away.
Question 1.
The fire started because of a:
(a) burning match
(b) short circut
(c) a bright lamp
(d) a neglected spark.
Answer:
(b) short circut.

Question 2.
called the fire service?
(a) Mr. Verma
(b) Mr. Singh
(c) Mr Sharma
(d) A policeman.
Answer:
(c) Mr. Sharma

Question 3.
The firemen used hoses to:
(a) bring the trapped people down
(b) to climb the tall building
(c) to prevent people coming near the fire
(d) to spray water on the fire.
Answer:
(d) to spray water on the fire.

Question 4.
How many buildings were reduced to ashes?
(a) one
(b) two
(c) three
(d) four.
Answer:
(a) one.

Question 5.
The firemen were successful in:
(a) controlling the fire
(b) saving the people caught in fire
(c) saving the buildings
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Teacher : Happy Birthday to you, Neha.
Neha : Thank you, Madam.
Teacher : Who bought this pretty dress for you ?
Neha : My mother bought it for me.
Teacher : How old are you now, Neha ?
Neha : I am eight years old now.
Teacher : Are you organising a party at home ?
Neha : Yes, Madam, I am holding a tea party in the evening today. You are cordially invited. Please do come.

Teacher : Thank you. Neha I will try to come. Who else have you invited to your party ?
Neha : Madam, all my friends and relatives. I have also got some sweets to distribute among my classmates.
Teacher : (To other children) Let us first sing a Birthday Song for Neha.
Teacher and Children : Happy Birthday to you ! Happy Birthday to you ! Happy Birthday to Dear Neha!
(All friends of Neha come to the party at 6 o’clock in the evening dressed in their best party wear. Then the teacher enters the room.)
Children : Good evening, Madam.
Teacher : Good evening.
Children : (To Neha) God bless you, Neha !
Teacher : Here is a Birthday Gift for you. I wish you many happy returns of the Day!
Neha : Thank you. Madam.
Mother : Children, come here. Now Neha is going to cut the cake.
Children : Happy Birthday to Neha.
Uncle : Sorry I am late. Happy Birthday, Neha. Here is a gift for you: it’s a packet of books.
Neha : Thank you, Uncle. Thank you very much. It’s really a nice gift !
Father: Children, now please do have a piece of cake and sweets.
And here are the return gifts for all of you.
(Neha’s mother gives the presents to the children)
Children : Thank you, Uncle. Thank you, Aunt for these beautiful gifts.
Neha : Thank you, everyone. Thanks for my Birthday gifts.

Question 1.
Whose birthday was it ?
(a) Mother’s
(b) Neha’s
(c) Father’s
(d) Teacher’s
Answer:
(b) Neha’s.

Question 2.
Who sang ‘Birthday Song’ ?
(a) Teacher
(b) Children
(c) Teacher and children
(d) Mother and Father.
Answer:
(c) Teacher and children.

Question 3.
What was the birthday gift of Neha’s uncle ?
(a) a golden wrist watch
(b) a packet of gel-pens
(c) a packet of books
(d) a beautiful dress.
Answer:
(c) a packet of books.

Question 4.
Uncle felt sorry for:
(a) not bringing aunty with him
(b) not bringing some costly gift
(c) not singing Birthday Song
(d) being late.
Answer:
(d) being late.

Question 5.
Children thanked Uncle and Aunt. Who are they ?
(a) Neha’s parents
(b) Neha’s uncle and aunt
(c) Neha’s next door neighbours
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Neha’s parents.

9. Teacher : Do you know why I have called you here ? I’ve come to know that most of you start eating your lunch before washing your hands. You should know that this habit will make you fall sick. When you eat with dirty hands, you carry some kinds of germs inside your body.
Students : Sir, is this the only way to keep ourselves healthy ?
Teacher : (smiling) No, there are many other dos and don’ts while we eat. I’ll tell you some of them. These are :
Always eat well-cooked food.
Wash your hands properly before and after taking meals.
Chew your food properly.
Don’t take food more than what you can eat.
Always use clean utensils.
Don’t leave any food in your plate.
Students : Thank you, sir. We’ll follow these.
Teacher : (smiling) You’re welcome. Now go and have your meals peacefully.
(All children queue up to wash their hands.)

Question 1.
What was the teacher’s complaint about ?
(a) eating lunch before washing hands
(b) eating lunch after washing hands.
(c) eating lunch before taking a bath
(d) eating lunch fast.
Answer:
(d) eating lunch before washing hafids.

Question 2.
You may fall sick if you eat with your:
(a) right hand
(b) left hand
(c) dirty hands
(d) wet hands.
Answer:
(c) dirty hands.

Question 3.
What should we not do ? (Pick out two choices)
(a) chewing food properly
(c) using clean utensils
(b) taking food more than we can eat
(d) leaving food in our plate.
Answer:
(b) taking food more than we can eat
(d) leaving food in our plate.

Question 4.
The students thanked the teacher for:
(a) telling them dos and don’ts of healthy food eating
(b) telling them how to cook healthy food
(c) telling them don’ts of food making.
(d) telling them how to wash hands.
Answer:
(a) telling them dos and don’ts of healthy food eating.

Question 5.
To wash their hands, all children:
(a) stood up
(b) sat down
(c) queued up
(d) ran outside
Answer:
(c) queued up.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Reading Comprehension Picture / Poster Based Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Reading Comprehension Picture / Poster Based

Look at the pictures carefully and answer the questions that follow:

Question 1.
What is the purpose of this advertisement ?
(a) to prevent people from using motor vehicle.
(b) to spread awareness about traffic rules.
(c) to stop people from walking on the road.
(d) to secure people of road ancient.
Answer:
(b) to spread awareness about traffic rules.

Question 2.
While on scooter or bike, which thing can help to save our lives:
(a) scarf
(b) cap
(c) helmet
(d) seat belt.
Answer:
(c) helmet

Question 3.
Zebra crossing is meant for:
(a) four wheelers
(b) bikers
(c) cyclists
(d) pedestrians
Answer:
(d) pedestrians

Question 4.
One should stop the vehicle when it is a:
(a) red light
(b) yellow light
(c) green light
(d) none of these
Answer:
(a) red light

Question 5.
Road accidents can be prevented by:
(a) driving within a speed limit
(b) not driving while drinking
(c) obeying the traffic rules
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Working Together to Keep Our Children Safe.

Question 1.
What is the purpose of this advertisement ?
(a) To make children happy
(b) Teaching children how to drive a bike or a car
(c) Taking chidren to the park
(d) Promoting road safety awareness among children
Answer:
(d) Promoting road safety awareness.

Question 2.
Children should be aware of:
(a) speed limit while driving
(b) road safety rules
(c) parking their vehicles at a safe place
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

Question 3.
Parking of vechiles on the roadside can result in:
(a) an accident
(b) theft of the vehicle
(c) traffic jam
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Question 4.
For safe driving the driver should have the knowledge of:
(a) signboards on the roadside
(b) his R.C.
(c) the vehicles coming behind him
(d) the condition of his vehicle.
Answer:
(a) signboards on the roadside.

Question 5.
While driving we should:
(a) not drink
(b) not use our mobile
(c) not cross green light
(d) not drive below speed limit.
Answer:
(a) and (b)

Question 1.
What is the theme of the picture ?
(a) The Values and Advantages of Games and Sports
(b) Good Manners
(c) The Value of Reading Books
(d) The hazards of Pollution.
Answer:
(b) Good Manners.

Question 2.
Which of the following is not a good habit ?
(a) helping old people
(b) planting trees
(c) getting up early in the morning
(d) keeping your classroom dirty.
Answer:
(d) keeping your classroom dirty.

Question 3.
Which kind of words ‘please’ and thankyou’ are ?
(a) bad words
(b) harsh words
(c) polite words
(d) difficult words.
Answer:
(c) polite words.

Question 4.
We should wait for our turn by standing in the line.
(a) quietly
(b) uneasily
(c) impatiently
(d) angrily.
Answer:
(a) quietly.

Question 5.
‘Early to bed, early to rise makes a man healthy, and wise.’
(a) dull
(b) poor
(c) wealthy
(d) foolish.
Answer:
(c) wealthy.

Question 1.
The poster tells us that:
(a) India is a land of festivals.
(.b) we celebrate many festivals in India.
(c) festivals of all religions are celebrated in India.
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

Question 2.
What is the importance of festivals in our life ?
(a) They give us new energy.
(b) They keep our culture alive.
(c) They entertain us.
(d) All these.
Ans, (d) All these.

Question 3.
Pushkar fair is celebrated:
(a) all over India
(b) in Rajasthan.
(c) in South India
(d) None of these
Answer:

Question 4.
Holi is a festival of:
(a) lights
(b) colours.
(c) praying in mosques
(d) cleaning our houses and shops
Answer:
(b) colours.

Question 5.
Which of the following festivals, in particular, would promote Hindu Muslim unity ?
(a) Diwali and Christmas
(b) Eid and christmas
(c) Pushkar Fair and Christmas
(d) Diwali and Eid.
Answer:
(d) Diwali and Eid.

Question 1.
What is the purpose of this poster/advertisement about ?
(a) Women Backwardness
(b) Women Education
(c) Women Empowerment
(d) Sources of Entertainment for Women.
Answer:
(c) Women Empowerment.

Question 2.
Daughter’s Day gives the message of:
(a) loving daughters only
(b) having daughters only
(c) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao
(d) marry your daughters in their chile
Answer:
(c) Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

Question 3.
Women’s Day is observed on:
(a) 5th September
(b) First sunday of May
(c) 15th September
(d) 8th March.
Answer:
(d) 8th March.

Question 4.
Women feel empowered when they :
(a) use their power to empower others
(b) use their power to belittle others
(c) win elections to rule the country
(d) all these.
Answer:
(a) use their power to empower others

Question 5.
Mother’s Day is celebrated to:
(a) inspire women to become mother soon after their marriage
(b) to honour mothers of the world
(c) to teach uneducated mothers
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) to honour mothers of the world

Polio Drops and Healthy Life

Question 1.
The most suitable title for this advertisement is:
(a) Healthy Life
(b) Medication Vs Yoga
(c) Old Age and Yoga
(d) Eating is Better than Yoga.
Answer:
(a) Heatlhy Life.

Question 2.
We should avoid eating:
(a) fruits and vegetables
(b) balanced food
(c) junk food
(d) cooked food.
Answer:
(c) junk food.

Question 3.
Yoga is kind of:
(a) exercise to please Swami Ramdev
(b) diet to grow tall
(c) excercise to keep us fit and healthy
(d) prayer to please god.
Answer:
(c) exercise to keep us fit and healthy.

Question 4.
Which of the following activity is included in a trip to healthy life ?
(a) walking and laughing loudly
(b) crying and yelling
(c) eating food three times a day
(d) taking medicine now and then.
Answer:
(a) walking and laughing loudly.

Question 5.
Polio drops are given to the children of:
(a) two years
(b) Three years
(c) four years
(d) five years.
Answer:
(d) five years.

Question 1.
The best title for this poster is:
(a) Growing and cutting down the trees
(b) Resting and playing under trees
(c) Planting trees in rainy season
(d) Benefits of growing and protecting trees.
Answer:
(d) Benefits of growing and protecting trees.

Question 2.
Trees give us:
(a) fruits
(b) medicines
(c) firewood
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Question 3.
Trees serve us by:
(a) giving out oxygen
(b) taking in carbon dioxide
(c) giving us cool shade in summer
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Question 4.
Without trees climate would be:
(a) drier and cooler
(b) drier and hotter.
(c) warmer and cooler
(d) drier and hotter wetter and hotter.
Answer:
(b) drier and hotter.

Question 5.
What is our duty towards trees ?
(a) growing more trees and taking proper care of them
(b) cutting down trees only in winter
(c) planting only fruit trees
(d) not to let birds sit in trees.
Answer:
(a) growing more trees and taking proper care of them.

Effects of Noise Pollution

Question 1.
What is purpose of this poster ?
(a) to create awareness against noise pollution.
(b) to use loudspeakers to check noise pollution.
(c) to put hands on ears on hearing a noise
(d) to prevent people from making noise during the day.
Answer:
(a) to create awareness against noise pollution.

Question 2.
Which of the following activity is responsible for noise pollution ?
(a) high volume of loudspeakers
(b) running factories
(c) vehicles running fast on roads
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

Question 3.
Too much noise may:
(a) make us deaf
(b) increase the speed of our vehicles
(c) incresae our hearing power
(d) increase our energy to work.
Answer:
(a) make us deaf.

Question 4.
We should not blow horns or ring bells near a hospital because—
(a) it may spoil the medicines
(b) it may disturb the resting patients
(c) the doctors may go on strike
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) it may disturb the resting patients.

Question 5.
To avoid noise pollution we should
(a) not blow horns unnecessarily
(b) avoid the use of loudspeakers
(c) not use old vehicles that produce screeching sound.
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Reading Comprehension Unseen Passages

I. Read the given passages and answer the questions that follow:

(1) Trees are as beautiful as they are useful. Wherever they are, they make that place look nice and green. They give us fruits, shade and wood. Birds build nests in their branches. Trees make the whole place like a garden. They are indeed nature’s precious gift to us.

Every tree is a living and breathing creature, like us. But unlike us, it prepares its own food from raw materials such as carbon dioxide, water and sunlight. Also, unlike us, it lacks a well-developed nervous system although it responds to many external stimuli. The, tree breathes through its leaves.

How does the environment affect the growth of the tree ? If there is a lack of water, the roots go down deeper and spread out far and wide, backward and forward, in search of food material. If there are too many trees in one place, they grow higher and higher to reach the sunshine. If there is a strong wind all the time, the tree takes firmer hold of the ground with its roots.

The tree is a strong fighter. It may bend before the wind but it does not always break. It protects itself very well against snow, frost and hail. It can defeat most of its enemies. But human beings defeat the tree every time by cutting it down. Litde do they know that by destroying trees at such a large scale, they are actually destroying themselves.

Question 1.
Trees are natures precious gift to us because:
(a) they provide us food, shade and wood
(b) they provide shelter to the birds
(c) they turn the earth into a beautiful place
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Question 2.
When there is lack of water, the tree:
(a) grow taller in order to get rain
(b) takes firm hold on the ground
(c) starts breathing through its leaves
(d) sends its roots deep, far and wide.
Answer:
(d) sends its roots deep, far and wide.

Question 3.
Which of the following statement is true for both humans and trees ?
(a) both breathe and grow
(b) both can move and run
(c) both buy their own food
(d) both have a nervous system.
Answer:
(a) both breathe and grow.

Question 4.
Trees fight many enemies but they are not able to defeat :
(a) snow
(b) wind
(c) water scarcity
(d) human beings
Answer:
(d) human beings.

Question 5.
Trees are strong fighters because :
(a) they can adapt themselves to all circumstances
(b) they can kill other trees for their growth
(c) they can defeat all their enemies
(d) they have strong roots and trunk.
Answer:
(a) they can adapt themselves to all circumstances.

(2) Schools all over India celebrate Childrens Day’ on 14th November every year. On this day, our great Prime Minister who had a great love for children was born. His ancestors came down from Kashmir to the rich plains below. Kaul had been his family name; this changed to Kaul-Nehru: and in later years. Kaul was dropped and they became simply Nehrus. Jawahar Lai Nehru was the only son of his prosperous parents. His two sisters were much younger to Jawahar Lai Nehru, And so, he grew up and spent his early years as a lonely child with no companion of his own age. Private tutors were in charge of his education. Then, he went to England and was educated at Harrow and at Trinity College, Cambridge.

Question 1.
Childrens Day is celebrated on:
(a) 15th August
(b) 26th January
(c) 14th November
(d) 30th January.
Answer:
(c) 14th November.

Question 2.
Nehrus ancestors came from:
(a) Delhi
(b) Allahabad
(c) Kashmir
(d) Raibareli.
Answer:
(c) Kashmir.

Question 3.
Jawahar Lai Nehru was educated at:
(a) Wilson College, Mumbai
(b) Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge
(c) Presidency University, Kalkata
(d) Jesus and Mary College, Delhi.
Answer:
(b) Harrow and Trinity College, Cambridge.

Question 4.
Why is 14th November celebrated as Childrens Day ?
Or
What is the importance of 14th November ?
(a) Pt. Nehru was born on this day.
(b) Mahatma Gandhi was born on this day.
(c) Indira Gandhi was born on this day.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Pt. Nehru was born on this day.

Question 5.
Nehru ji belonged to:
(a) a poor family
(b) a family of farmers
(c) a rich / prosperous family
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) a rich / prosperous family.

(3) Once a bee felt thirsty. It flew to a pond to drink water. While drinking water, the bee fell into the pond. A dove was sitting on the branch of a tree. It saw all and decided to save the bee’s life. The dove threw a leaf. The bee climbed over the leaf, dried its wings and flew away.

After a few days a hunter came to the forest. He aimed at the dove. Luckily the bee saw the hunter. It flew to the hunter and stung him hard on the hand. The hunter missed his aim. The dove heard the gunshot and flew away. The dove thanked the bee for this timely help.

Question 1.
Where did the bee fly to drink water ?
(a) a canal
(b) a pond
(c) a river
(d) a stream.
Answer:
(b) a pond

Question 2.
What happened to the bee while drinking water ?
(a) It fell from the tree
(b) It fell into the pond
(c) It was shot by the hunter
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) It fell into the pond.

Question 3.
Who saved the bee’s life?
(a) a dove
(b) a hunter
(c) a fish
(d) a tortoise.
Answer:
(a) a dove.

Question 4.
What did the bee do to save the dove’s life?
(a) It killed the hunter
(b) It stung the hunter on the hand
(c) It shouted hard
(d) It did nothing.
Answer:
(b) It stung the hunter on the hand.

Question 5.
What is the moral of the story ?
(a) Do good, have good
(b) Revenge is the best policy
(c) Pride hath a fall
(d) Union is strength.
Answer:
(a) Do good, have good.

(4) Garbage is a great environmental hazard. It comes from various sources-used paper, tiffin packings, plastic bags, ice-cream wrappers, bottle caps, fallen leaves from trees and many more. Garbage makes the premises ugly, unkempt and breeds diseases.

A lot of trash that is thrown away contains material that can be recycled and reused such as paper, metals and glass which can be sent to the nearest recycling centre or disposed of to the junkdealer. It also contains organic matter such as leaves which can enrich land fertility.

A compost pit can be made at a convenient location where the refuse can be placed with layers of soil and and occasional sprinkling of water. This would help decomposition to make valuable manure (fertilizer). This would also prevent pollution that is usually caused by burning such organic waste.

Question 1.
Garbage is a great environmental hazard because it makes the premises:
(a) ugly
(b) unkempt
(c) breed diseases
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

Question 2.
What happens to the disposed material at the recycling centre ?
(a) sent back to homes
(b) takes a new shape.
(c) thrown into rivers.
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(b) takes a new shape.

Question 3.
How can we make use of waste organic matter ?
(a) send it to junkdealer
(b) burn it
(c) change it into valuable manure (fertilizer)
(d) all these
Answer:
(c) change it into valuable manure (fertilizer.)

Question 4.
Proper disposal of garbage
(a) spreads pollution
(b) prevents pollution
(c) spoils mineral wealth
(d) none of these
Answer:
(b) prevents pollution.

Question 5.
The organic waste that can be recycled and reused is
(a) paper
(b) glass
(c) metals
(d) all these.
Answer:
(d) all these.

(5) Yoga is the ancient Indian system to keep a person fit in body and mind. It is basically a system of self-treatment. According to the yogic view, diseases, disorders and ailments are the result of some faulty ways of living, bad habits, lack of proper knowledge and unsuitable food. The diseases are thus the resultant state of a short or prolonged malfunctioning of the body system. The root cause of a disease lies in not correcting the mistakes by the same individual. The yogic practice of treatment comprises three steps, namely proper diet, proper yogic practice and proper knowledge of things concerning the self.

Question 1.
The benefit of the system of yoga is:
(a) It keeps a person fit in body and mind.
(b) It is a modern Indian system.
(c) It makes a person religious.
(d) Comprises three steps.
Answer:
(a) It keeps a person fit in body and mind.

Question 2.
What type of system is this basically?
(a) It is a costly treatment
(b) It is a self-treatment.
(c) It avoids bad habits.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(b) It is a self-treatment.
Or
Diseases, disorders and ailments are the results of
(a) Some faulty ways of living.
(b) Some normal ways of living
(c) Some cosdy ways of living.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(a) Some faulty ways of living.

Question 3.
What is the root cause of diseases ?
(a) Mistakes of the doctors.
(b) Mistakes of the parents.
(c) Mistakes of the governments.
(d) Mistakes of the individual.
Answer:
(d) Mistakes of the individual.

Question 4.
How many steps does yoga practice keep?
(a) Only one step.
(b) Only three steps.
(c) Only two steps.
(d) Only four steps.
Answer:
(b) Only three steps.
Or
Which is the first step of yoga?
(a) Proper yogic practice.
(b) Proper knowledge of things.
(c) Proper diet.
(d) Proper exercise of body.
Answer:
(c) Proper diet.

Question 5.
Which is the third step of yoga?
(a) Proper knowledge.
(b) Proper counselling.
(c) Proper thinking.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Proper knowledge.
Or
Whose efforts cure the person ?
(a) The doctor’s efforts.
(b) The yoga experts efforts.
(c) The efforts of the society.
(d) The patients efforts.
Answer:
(d) The patients efforts.

(6) There is an incident which occurred at the examination during my first year at the high school. Mr. Giles, the Education Inspector, had come on a visit of inspection. He had set us five words, to write as a spelling exercise. One of the words was ‘ketde’. I had mis-spelt it. The teacher tried to prompt me with the point of his boot, but I would not be prompted. It was beyond me to see that he wanted me to copy the spelling from my neighbour’s slate for I had thought that the teacher was there to supervise us against copying.

Question 1.
When did the incident occur ?
(a) In the second year.
(b) In the first year.
(c) In the third year.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) In the first year.
Or
Who was the Education Inspector?
(a) Mr. Gordon
(b) Mr. Graham
(c) Mr. Giles
(d) Mr. George.
Answer:
(c) Mr. Giles

Question 2.
Which exercise was given to write?
(a) Dictation exercise.
(b) Handwriting exercise.
(c) Yoga exercise.
(d) Spelling exercise.
Answer:
(d) Spelling exercise
Or
How many words were given to us ?
(a) Three words.
(b) Five words.
(c) No word was given.
(d) Four words.
Answer:
(b) Five words.

Question 3.
Who tried to prompt the speaker/writer ?
(a) The teacher.
(b) The Inspector.
(c) The students.
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(a) The teacher.
Or
What mistake had the writer committed ?
(a) A word mistake.
(b) A meaning mistake.
(c) A spelling mistake.
(d) A speaking mistake.
Answer:
(c) A spelling mistake.

Question 4.
What was the point of indication used by the teacher ?
(a) The point of his hand finger.
(b) The point of his right foot finger.
(c) The point of his left hand thumb.
(d) The point of his boot.
Answer:
(d) The point of his boot.

Question 5.
Which word was mis-spelt ?
(a) Kettle.
(b) Catde.
(c) Settle.
(d) Metal.
Answer:
(a) Kettle.

(7) People often curse poverty as a great evil, and it seems to be an accepted belief that if people only had plenty of money, they would be happy and useful and get more out of life. But the reality is that while palaces give a comfortable life, peace and contentment dwell in cottages. I always pity the sons and daughters of rich parents who are attended by servants and governesses. It is because I know how sweet and happy and pure the home of honest poverty is and how loving and united the members of poor families are in common interests. It is for these reasons that so many strong, eminent and self-reliant men have always sprung from poor families.

Question 1.
What do the people often think about the poverty?
(a) It is a curse and great evil.
(b) It is a boon of God.
(c) It is a self-created act.
(d) It is a social evil.
Answer:
(a) It is a curse and great evil.
Or
Who are attended by servants and governesses?
(a) The kings of the world.
(b) The members of the poor families.
(c) The sons and daughters of rich parents.
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) The sons and daughters of rich parents.

Question 2.
Who are happy according to accepted belief ?
(a) People who have no money.
(b) People who have plenty of money.
(c) People who have a higher education.
(d) People who have no higher education.
Answer:
(a) People who have no money.
Or
What is the reality of happy life.
(a) To live in luxurious palaces.
(b) To live in the forests.
(c) To live peaceful and contented life in a hut.
(d) To live in the king’s palaces.
Answer:
(c) To live peaceful and contented life in a hut.

Question 3.
What does the home of poverty provide us?
(a) A life of prosperity.
(b) A sweet, happy and pure home.
(c) A dirty, bad and disturbed life.
(d) A life of dissatisfaction.
Answer:
(b) A sweet, happy and pure home.

Question 4.
Whose members are loving and united ?
(a) Members of poor families.
(b) Members of rich families.
(c) Members of tribal families.
(d) Members of royal families.
Answer:
(a) Members of poor families.
Or
Who have sprung from poor families ?
(a) Weak, cowardly and religious persons.
(b) Educated, rich and royal persons.
(c) Prosperous honoured and noble persons.
(d) Strong, eminent and self-reliant persons.
Answer:
(d) Strong, eminent and self-reliant persons.

Question 5.
Whose plus points are highlighted in the passage ?
(a) The rich.
(b) The noble,
(c) The honoured.
(d) The poor.
Answer:
(d) The poor.

(8) Books have much value in our life. They are our lifeline and best companion. Everything comes to an end but they live for ever. They never deceive the readers. They help us in difficulties. We get much knowledge and entertainment from them. We get new meanings and beauties in books. By reading books, we just get confidence in life. This world would be quite dark without books. They tell us about people, their culture and profession.

Question 1.
Books have:
(a) no value.
(b) less value.
(c) much value.
(d) different value.
Answer:
(c) much value.
Or
Books are our:
(a) lifeline.
(b) best companion.
(c) companion and enemy
(d) both (a) and (b).
Answer:
(d) both (a) and
(b) lifeline and best companion.

Question 2.
A quality of books is:
(a) They come to an end.
(b) They don’t live for ever.
(c) They live for ever.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(c) They live for ever.
Or
Books help us:
(a) in trouble.
(b) in difficulties.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) in sorrows.
Answer:
(b) in difficulties.

Question 3.
We get from books:
(a) waste paper
(b) much knowledge.
(c) entertainment.
(d) Both (b) and (c).
Answer:
(d) both (b) and (c) much knowledge and entertainment.
Or
By reading books we get:
(a) confidence in life
(b) difficulties in life
(c) popularity and prosperity
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(a) confidence in life.

Question 4.
Without books the world would become:
(a) quite happy.
(b) quite bright.
(c) quite dark.
(d) Both (a) and (b).
Answer:
(c) quite dark.

Question 5.
Books tell us about:
(a) people.
(b) their culture.
(c) their profession.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above.

(9) Diwali is the greatest festival of Hindus. It is celebrated throughout the world. It is a festival of lights and candles. It comes in the month of October or November every year. On this day people worship Goddess Lakshmi. They put on new clothes and buy sweets. They also give presents to their friends and relatives. Some people gamble on this day which is an evil practice. Children play crackers and fireworks.

Question 1.
Diwali is the greatest festival of
(a) Muslims
(b) the poor
(c) the rich
(d) Hindus
Answer:
(d) Hindus

Question 2.
Diwali is celebrated:
(a) only in India.
(b) throughout Asia
(c) throughout the world.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) throughout the world.
Or
Diwali is a festival of:
(a) lights.
(b) Candles
(c) swings
(d) both (a) and (b)
Answer:
(d) both (a) and (b) lights and candles.

Question 3.
Diwali fells in the month of:
(a) October.
(b) October or November.
(c) December
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) October or November.
Or
On this day people worship:
(a) Goddess Kali.
(b) Goddess Lakshmi.
(c) Both (a) and (b).
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Goddess Lakshmi.

Question 4.
On this day people:
(a) buy houses
(b) buy sweets.
(c) give up bad habbits
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(b) buy sweets.
Or
An evil practice related to Diwali is:
(a) drinking
(b) fighting
(c) smoking
(d) gambling.
Answer:
(d) gambling

Question 5.
Who plays cracker and fire works on this day ?
(a) rich people
(b) poor people
(c) Children
(d) Goddess Laxmi
Answer:
(c) Children

(10) Mohan and Sohan were fast friends. Mohan was very selfish and cunning while Sohan was very loyal and dependable. One day they set out on a long journey. Both decided to help each other. While crossing the forest, they saw a bear coming towards them. Mohan at once climbed up a tree. But Sohan did not know how to climb up. He lay on the ground and held his breath. The bear came and took Sohan as dead. After the bear had gone, Mohan came down the tree and asked Sohan what the bear had said in his ear. Sohan replied that the bear had told him never to trust a false friend.

Question 1.
Mohan was:
(a) loyal.
(b) very helpful.
(c) very selfish and cunning.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(c) very selfish and cunning.

Question 2.
Sohan was very:
(a) selfish.
(b) cunning.
(c) loyal and dependable.
(d) a false friend
Answer:
(c) loyal and dependable.

Question 3.
One day Mohan and Sohan set out:
(a) on a tour.
(b) on a long journey.
(c) on an expedition.
(d) on a short trip.
Answer:
(b) on a long journey.

Question 4.
What did they see in the forest?
(a) An elephant.
(b) A lion.
(c) A tiger.
(d) A bear.
Answer:
(d) A bear.
Or
What did Sohan do?
(a) He ran away.
(b) He lay on the ground.
(c) He held his breath.
(d) Both (b) and (c).
Answer:
(d) both (b) and (c) He lay on the ground and held his breath.

Question 5.
What did the bear do ?
(a) It attacked Sohan.
(b) It killed Sohan.
(c) It took Sohan as dead.
(d) It took Mohan as dead
Answer:
(c) It took Sohan as dead.
Or
The bear had told Sohan not to
(a) trust anybody.
(b) climb up a tree.
(c) go on a journey.
(d) trust a false friend.
Answer:
(d) trust a false friend.

(11) His first ‘Satyagraha in India was in Champaran, in Bihar. The peasants of that district were being cruelly treated by the British indigo planters. Gandhiji left for Champaran to find out the truth. The news that a Mahatma had arrived to inquire into their sufferings attracted thousands of peasants who flocked to Champaran to have has darshan. The Government got alarmed and Gandhiji was asked to leave the district. He refused and was asked to appear before magistrate. Later, the case was withdrawn.Gandhiji lived with the peasants for some time in order to learn about their hard lot. But, he also taught them to be free and to stand on their feet. At last, he succeeded in securing justice for the poor peasants.

Question 1.
Gandhiji left for Champaran to find
(a) out the truth
(b) out the peasants
(c) out the magistrate
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(a) out the truth.

Question 2.
Who were cruelly treated ?
(a) The British indigo planters
(b) Gandhiji and his followers
(c) The peasants of Champaran
(d) The peasants all over India
Answer:
(c) The peasants of Champaran.

Question 3.
Gandhiji was asked to leave because:
(a) his life was in danger.
(b) the government was alarmed.
(c) he had lost his energy to unite the peasants.
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(b) the government was alarmed.

Question 4.
When refused, Gandhiji was asked to appear before:
(a) the peasants
(b) the public meeting
(c) the indigo planters
(d) the magistrate.
Answer:
(d) the magistrate.

Question 5.
Gandhiji’s first ‘Satyagraha’ was a:
(a) success
(b) failure
(c) false show
(d) poor show
Answer:
(a) success.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers InText Questions and Answers.

PSEB 8th Class Maths Solutions Chapter 1 Rational Numbers InText Questions

Try These : (Textbook Page No.4)

Question 1.
Fill in the blanks in the following table :

Answer:

[Note : Rational numbers are not closed under division.]
e.g., \(\frac {2}{3}\) ÷ 0 = ? This is not defined. That’s why our answer in the table is ‘No’.

Try These : (Textbook Page No.6)

Question 1.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

Try These : (Textbook Page No.9)

Question 1.
Complete the following table:

Answer:

Think, Discuss and Write : (Textbook Page No.11)

1. If a property holds for rational numbers, will it also hold for integers ? For whole numbers ? Which will ? Which will not ?
Answer:
( i ) Any property which is true for rational numbers is also true for integers except for any integers ‘a’ and ‘b’ (a ÷ b) is not necessarily an integer.
(ii) All properties which are true for rational numbers are also true for whole numbers also except:

• For ‘a’ and ‘b’ being whole numbers (a – b) may not be a whole number.
• For ‘a’ and ‘b’ being whole numbers (b ≠ 0), a ÷ b may not be a whole number.

Try These : (Textbook Page No.13)

1. Find using distributivity :

Question (i).
\(\left\{\frac{7}{5} \times\left(\frac{-3}{12}\right)\right\}+\left\{\frac{7}{5} \times \frac{5}{12}\right\}\)
Answer:
\(\left\{\frac{7}{5} \times\left(\frac{-3}{12}\right)\right\}+\left\{\frac{7}{5} \times \frac{5}{12}\right\}\)
= \(=\frac{7}{5} \times\left[\frac{-3}{12}+\frac{5}{12}\right]\)
= \(\frac{7}{5} \times\left[\frac{-3+5}{12}\right]\)
= \(\frac{7}{5} \times \frac{2}{12}\)
= \(\frac{7}{5} \times \frac{1}{6}\)
= \(\frac {7}{30}\)

Question (ii).
\(\left\{\frac{9}{16} \times \frac{4}{12}\right\}+\left\{\frac{9}{16} \times \frac{-3}{9}\right\}\)
Answer:
\(\left\{\frac{9}{16} \times \frac{4}{12}\right\}+\left\{\frac{9}{16} \times \frac{-3}{9}\right\}\)
= \(\frac{9}{16} \times\left[\frac{4}{12}+\left(\frac{-3}{9}\right)\right]\)
= \(\frac{9}{16} \times\left[\frac{12+(-12)}{36}\right]\) …..(LCM = 36)
= \(\frac{9}{16} \times\left[\frac{0}{36}\right]\)
= \(\frac{9}{16} \times 0\)
= 0.

Try These : (Textbook Page No.17)

1. Write the rational number for each point labelled with a letter:

Question (i).

Answer:

Here, the rational number for-
the point A is \(\frac {1}{5}\)
the point B is \(\frac {4}{5}\)
the point C is \(\frac {5}{5}\) or 1.
the point D is \(\frac {8}{5}\)
the point E is \(\frac {9}{5}\)

Question (ii).

Answer:

Here, the rational number for-
the point F is \(\frac {-2}{6}\) or \(\frac {-1}{3}\).
the point G is \(\frac {-5}{6}\).
the point H is \(\frac {-7}{6}\).
the point I is \(\frac {-8}{6}\) or \(\frac {-4}{3}\).
the point J is \(\frac {-11}{6}\).

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Idioms and Phrases Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Vocabulary Idioms and Phrases

1. Act up to (के अनुसार काम करना)- He always acted up to his promise.
2. Bear away (जितना)- She won the race and bore away the prize.
3. Break in (सिधाना)- The trainee is breaking in the horse.
4. Break into (सेंध लगाना)- Last night three thieves broke into his house.
5. Break off (सम्बन्ध विछेद करना)- He has broken off with his religion.
6. Break out (भड़काना फूटना भड़क उठना)- The Second World War broke out in 1939. Cholera has broken out in London.
7. Break up (समाप्त होना)- The meeting broke up at 5 p.m.
8. Bring up (पालना)- He was brought up by his uncle.

9. Bring round (होरा में लाना)- The doctor soon brought the patient round.
10. Bring to book (दण्ड देना)- The police brought the pick-pocket to book.
11. Call on (किसी व्यक्ति से भेंट करना)- I called on him last evening.
12. Call in (बुला भेजना)- Call in the doctor at once.
13. Carry on (जारी रखना)- Carry on with your work.
14. Carry out (आज्ञा पालन करना)- We should carry out the orders of our teacher.
15. Come of (सम्बन्ध रखना)- He comes of a noble family.
16. Come off (होना)- My brother’s marriage comes off next Monday.
17. Do away with (मार देना समाप्त करना)- The woman did away with her step-son. We should do away with old customs.
18. Draw near (समीप आना)- My examination is drawing near.
19. Fall back upon (आश्रय होना)- He has nothing to fall back upon in old age.
20. (a) Fall off (झड़ जाना)- Tree leaves fall off in autumn.
(b) Fall upon (झपटना)- The lion fell upon the mouse.
21. Fall out (झगड़ना)- He always falls out over trifles.
22. Get into (पूरी तरह फिट आना)- I can’t get into this shirt. It is very tight.
23. Get on (चल निकलना)- How are you getting on in your school ?
24. Get through (उत्तीर्ण होना)- He got through the examination.
25. Get rid of (छुटकारा पाना)- I want to get rid of my servant.
26. Give away (बांटना)- The president gave away the prizes.
27. Give in (पराजित होना)- The soldiers fought bravely but gave in at last.
28. Give up (छोड़ना)- Give up your bad habits.
29. Go through (पढ लोना)- She has gone through the book.
30. Keep away (अनुपस्थित रहना)- Do not keep away from the school.
31. Keep on (जारी रखना)- He kept on laughing.
32. Keep one’s word (वचन पूरा करना)- He always keeps his word.
33. Lay by (बचाना)- Always lay by something for a rainy day.
34. Look after (देखभाल करना)- The mother looks after the children.
35. Look for (खोजना)- She is looking for her missing ring.
36. Look down upon (घृणा करना)- Don’t look down upon the poor.
37. Look upon (समझना)- I always look upon her as my sister.
38. Look into (जाँच करना)- The police is looking into the matter.

39. Make away with (मार देना)- The robbers made away with the rich men.
40. Make out (समझना)- I cannot make out the meaning of this sentence.
41. Make up (कमी पूरी करना)- Try to make up your deficiency in English.
42. Pass away (स्वर्गवास होना)- His father passed away last night.
43. Put off (स्थगित करना)-The meeting was put off to some later date.
44. Put out (बुझाना)- Put out the fire.
45. Put up with (सहन करना)- I cannot put up with this insult.
46. Run down (स्वास्थ्य गिरना)- He has run down on account of overwork.
47. Run over (कुचला जाना)- The child was run over by a car.
48. See off (विदा करना)- I went to the railway station to see my mother off.
49. Send for (बुला भेजना)- His father sent for the doctor.
50. Set off (चल पड़ना)- He set off for Delhi in no time.
51. Set out (चल पड़ना) – His father set out on a long journey.
52. Stand by (साथ देना)- Always stand by your friends in need.
53. Take after (राक्ल मिलना)- The child takes after his mother.
54. Take for (भूल से किसी को और कोई समझना)- I took the rope for a snake.
55. Turn down (रह करना)- He turned down my request.
56. At first sight (पहली नज़र में)- They fell in love at first sight.
57. At sea (कोरा)- He is at sea in English.
58. At home in (निपुण)- He is at home in Mathematics.
59. In course of (समय पाकर)- You will know everything in course of time.
60. In order to (क़े लिए)- He went there in order to see his brother.
61. In spite of (के बावजूद)- In spite of his hard work, he failed in the examination.
62. In search of (की खोज में)- He wandered here and there in search of water.
63. At arm’s length (परे)- Keep that man at arm’s length.
64. To and fro (इधर-उधर)-The people were moving to and fro on the platform.
65. At any rate (चाहे कुछ भी हो)- You must finish your work today at any rate.
66. To the backbone (पूर्णतया)- He is a patriot to the backbone.
67. To live from hand to mouth (जो कमाया सो खा लेना) He lives from hand to mouth.
68. To make up one’s mind (निशचय करना)- I have made up my mind to work hard.
69. To make good the loss (क्षतिपूर्ति करना)- He is trying to make good the loss he has suffered.
70. All in all (कर्ता धर्ता)- The principal is all in all in the school.
71. Fair and square (ईमानदार)- I am fair and square in my dealings with everybody.
72. Ups and downs (उतार चढ़ाव)- The old man has seen many ups and downs in his life.
73. In full swing (पूरे योवन पर)- The fair was in full swing.

74. Out of pocket (धन की कमी धन हानि खर्च किया हुआ धन)- I can’t go out; I am out of pocket right now.
75. At sixes and sevens (बिखरी हुई)- Everything in the house was at sixes and sevens.
76. Part and parcel (आवश्यक अंग)- Air is a part and parcel of our life.
77. Every inch (पूर्णतया)- He is every inch a patriot.
78. Hard up (हाथ तंग होना)- I am hard up these days.
79. In a fix (दुविधा में)- I am in a fix to know what to do.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Grammar Voice (Active and Passive Voice)

अंग्रेज़ी भाषा में Voice (वाच्य) दो प्रकार की होती है-
1. Active Voice
2. Passive Voice

1. Active Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य करता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Active Voice में होता है।
2. Passive Voice : जब किसी वाक्य में Subject (कर्ता) कार्य नहीं करता है बल्कि उस पर कार्य किया जाता है तो वाक्य का Verb, Passive Voice में होता है।
Example : The hunter killed the lion. शिकारी ने शेर को मारा।
The lion was killed by the hunter. शेर शिकारी द्वारा मारा गया।

नोट-विद्यार्थियों को Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाना कभी नहीं भूलना चाहिए। Let, hit, cut आदि शब्दों की फ़ार्म लगाते समय विशेष सावधानी बरतनी चाहिए।
Imperative तथा To + 1st form वाले वाक्य में Be का प्रयोग होता है।

“Active से Passive बनाने की विधि

1. Verb ‘Be’ के सैंप

2. Verb की तीसरी फ़ार्म
Note-पुस्तक में Verb की forms दी गई हैं। विद्यार्थियों को चाहिए कि वे इन्हें अच्छी तरह याद कर लें।

3. Subject और Object का आपसी परिवर्तन

(B) नोट : “You’ और ‘It’ subject और object दोनों रूपों में नहीं बदलते।
2. Possessive Case of Pronoun में भी कोई परिवर्तन नही होता जैसे-
1. My brother = by my brother
2. Our teacher = by our teacher

Be के रूप का प्रयोग

की फ़र्म रूप का चुनाव करने से पूर्व हमें दिया गए वाक्य में verb को देखना चाहिए verb की फ़र्म या tense के आधार पर ही हम be की फ़र्म लागयोंगे (i) यदि दिए गए वाक्य में verb की पहली फ़र्म (present Indefinite tense) हो तो Passive Voice बनाने के लिए Be की पहली फ़ार्म अर्थात् is, am, are में से किसी एक का प्रयोग किया जाएगा; जैसे,-

(1) Auxiliary Verbs
Rule. Can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि वाले वाक्यों को passive voice में बदलने के लिए can, could, may, might, shall, should आदि के पश्चात् ‘be’ तथा क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म लगाई जाती है।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. I can solve this sum.	This sum can be solved by me.
2. You may take this pen.	This pen may be taken by you.
3. She may catch the train.	The train may be caught by her.
4. They might miss the bus.	The bus might be missed by them.
5. You should obey the rules.	The rules should be obeyed by you.
6. They must take exercise.	Exercise must be taken by them.
7. I cannot do it.	It cannot be done by me.
8. He might not win the race.	The race might not be won by him.
9. We must not tell a lie.	A lie must not be told by us.
10. One should do one’s duty.	Duty should be done.

(2) Verbs having Prepositions
Note. कुछ क्रियाओं के बाद at, on, in आदि Prepositions दी होती हैं। Passive Voice बदलते समय Prepositions of का स्थान नहीं बदलता है। उन्हें verbs के साथ ही रखा जाना चाहिए।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He knocked at the door.	The door was knocked at by him.
2. He does not care for you.	You are not cared for by him.
3. They laughed at the poor man.	The poor man was laughed at by them.
4. She sent for me.	I was sent for by her.
5. The dog barked at them.	They were barked at by the dog.
6. I was waiting for him.	He was being waited for by me.
7. She did not listen to me.	I was not listened to by her.
8. They aimed at the lion.	The lion was aimed at by them.

(3) Prepositions other than ‘By Rule. कुछ वाक्यों में क्रिया (Verb) की तीसरी फ़ार्म के पश्चात् by’ के स्थान पर कोई अन्य Preposition लगती है जैसे to, at, in, with आदि।

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. He knows me.	I am known to him.
2. The news shocked him.	He was shocked at the news.
3. His work satisfied me.	I was satisfied with his work.
4. Your habits worry me.	I am worried at your habits.
5. This jug contains milk.	Milk is contained in this jug.
6. You cannot please him.	He cannot be pleased with you.
7. Your answer does not satisfy me.	I am not satisfied with your answer.
8. The news surprised me.	I was surprised at the news.

(4) It is time से आरम्भ होने वाले वाक्य

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. It is time to open the shop.	It is time for the shop to be opened.
2. It is time to write our letters.	It is time for our letters to be written.
3. It is time to read the newspaper.	It is time for the newspaper to be read.
4. It is time to take tea.	It is time for tea to be taken.
5. It is time to close the shop.	It is time for the shop to be closed.
6. It is time to pray to God.	It is time for God to be prayed to.
7. It is time to ring the bell.	It is time for the bell to be rung.

(5) Interrogative Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Does she tell a story?	Is a story told by her ?
2. Do you play football ?	Is football played by you ?
3. Did you read the letter ?	Passive Voice Was the letter read by you ?
4. Will you help me ?	Shall I be helped by you ?
5. Is she singing a song ?	Is a song being sung by her ?
6. Have you finished your work ?	Has your work been finished by you?
7. When does he take tea ?	When is tea taken by him ?
8. What is he doing ?	What is being done by him ?
9. Why were you making a noise ?	Why was a noise being made by you ?
10. Who teaches you English ?	By whom are you taught English ?

(6) Imperative Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. Shut the windows.	Let the windows be shut.
2. Post this letter.	Let this letter be posted.
3. Show me your book.	Let your book be shown to me.
4. Change your clothes.	You are advised to change your clothes. Or Let your clothes be changed.
5. Write it clearly.	Let it be written clearly.
6. Always speak the truth.	You are advised always to speak the truth.
7. Work hard.	You are advised to work hard.
8. Never tell a lie.	You are advised never to tell a lie.
9. Let me finish it.	Let it be finished by me.
10. Tell him to keep quiet.	Let him be told to keep quiet.
11. Do not run fast.	You are advised not to run fast. Or You are forbidden to run fast.
12. Do not steal things.	You are advised not to steal things. Or Let things be not stolen.

(7) Typical Sentences

Active Voice	Passive Voice
1. The rose smells sweet.	The rose is sweet when (it is) smelt.
2. Sit down.	Be seated.
3. You have to do it.	It has to be done by you.
4. They say that honesty is the best policy.	It is said that honesty is the best policy.
5. God helps those who help themselves.	Those who help themselves are helped by God.
6. We elected him President.	He was elected President by us.
7. One should do one’s duty.	Duty should be done.
8. Someone has picked his pocket.	His pocket has been picked.
9. He has to pay the fine.	The fine has to be paid by him.
10. I hope to stand first.	It is hoped that I shall stand first.

Exercises (Solved) Change the voice:

I. 1. Harish plays cricket.
2. She likes singing.
3. We fly kites.
4. Meera helps the poor.
5. I open an account in the bank.
6. Hamid does his homework.
7. The boys watch television.
8. The cobbler mends my shoes.
9. She hates liars.
10. Children like sweets.
Answer:
1. Cricket is played by Harish.
2. Singing is liked by her.
3. Kites are flown by us.
4. The poor are helped by Meera.
5. An account is opened in the bank by me.
6. His homework is done by Hamid.
7. Television is watched by the boys.
8. My shoes are mended by the cobbler.
9. Liars are hated by her.
10. Sweets are liked by children.

II. 1. Rama lost his book.
2. They welcomed me.
3. Mina wrote a letter.
4. Mohan did not sing a song.
5. Radha did not drink coffee.
6. Harish did not paint a picture.
7. Did the boys fly kites ?
8. Did you close the door ?
9. Did Kavita help you?
10. The Prime Minister honoured Kapil Dev.
Answer:
1. His book was lost by Rama.
2. I was welcomed by them.
3. A letter was written by Mina.
4. A song was not sung by Mohan.
5. Coffee was not drunk by Radha.
6. A picture was not painted by Harish.
7. Were kites flown by the boys ?
8. Was the door closed by you ?
9. Were you helped by Kavita ?
10. Kapil Dev was honoured by the Prime Minister.

III. 1. Manohar will solve the sums.
2. You will miss your bus.
3. The teacher will punish the boys.
4. The doctor will examine the patient.
5. The children will enjoy this game.
6. You will join the party.
7. He will not cook the food.
8. She will not wash the clothes.
9. Will they elect the President ?
10. Will she speak the truth?
Answer:
1. The sums will be solved by Manohar.
2. Your bus will be missed by you.
3. The boys will be punished by the teacher.
4. The patient will be examined by the doctor.
5. This game will be enjoyed by the children.
6. The party will be joined by you.
7. The food will not be cooked by him.
8. The clothes will not be washed by her.
9. Will the President be elected by them?
10. Will the truth be spoken by her?

IV. 1. The leader is making a speech.
2. They are playing hockey.
3. Șudhir is telling a story.
4. Pakistan is making an atom bomb.
5. The girls are making chairs.
6. The workers are not repairing the road.
7. We are not taking exercise.
8. I am not favouring you.
9. Are they knocking at the door?
10. Is he serving his country?
Answer:
1. A speech is being made by the leader.
2. Hockey is being played by them.
3. A story is being told by Sudhir.
4. An atom bomb is being made by Pakistan.
5. Chairs are being made by the girls.
6. The road is not being repaired by the workers.
7. Exercise is not being taken by us.
8. You are not being favoured by me.
9. Is the door being knocked at by them?
10. Is his country being served by him ?

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Maths Chapter 2 Linear Equations in One Variable Ex 2.3

Solve the following equations and check your results :

Question 1.
3x = 2x + 18
Solution:
3x = 2x + 18
∴ 3x – 2x = 18 (Transposing 2x to LHS)
∴ x = 18

Check:
LHS = 3x = 3 × 18 = 54
RHS = 2x + 18
= 2(18) + 18
= 36 + 18 = 54
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 2.
5t – 3 = 3t – 5
Solution:
5t – 3 = 3t – 5
∴ 5t – 3t – 3 = – 5 (Transposing 3t to LHS)
∴ 2t – 3 = -5
∴ 2t = – 5 + 3 (Transposing -3 to RHS)
∴ 2t = – 2
∴ \(\frac{2 t}{2}=\frac{-2}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ t = – 1

Check:
LHS = 5t – 3
= 5 (- 1) – 3
= – 5 – 3 = -8
RHS = 3t – 5
= 3 (- 1) – 5
= – 3 – 5 = – 8
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 3.
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
Solution:
5x + 9 = 5 + 3x
∴ 5x + 9 – 3x = 5 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 2x + 9 = 5
∴ 2x = 5 – 9 (Transposing 9 to RHS)
∴ 2x = -4
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{2}=\frac{-4}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
x = – 2

Check:
LHS = 5x + 9
= 5 (-2) + 9
= – 10 + 9 = -1
RHS = 5 + 3x
= 5 + 3 (-2)
= 5 – 6 = -1
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 4.
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
Solution:
4z + 3 = 6 + 2z
∴ 4z + 3 – 2z = 6 (Transposing 2z to LHS)
∴ 2z + 3 = 6
∴ 2z = 6 – 3 (Transposing 3 to RHS)
∴ 2z = 3
∴ \(\frac{2 z}{2}=\frac{3}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ z = \(\frac {3}{2}\)

Check:
LHS = 4z + 3
=4 (\(\frac {3}{2}\)) + 3
= 6 + 3 = 9
RHS = 6 + 2z
= 6 + 2(\(\frac {3}{2}\))
= 6 + 3 = 9
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 5.
2x – 1 = 14 – x
Solution:
2x – 1 = 14-x
∴ 2x – 1 + x = 14 (Transposing -x to LHS)
∴ 3x – 1 = 14
∴ 3x = 14 + 1 (Transposing -1 to RHS)
∴ 3x = 15
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{3}=\frac{15}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
x = 5

Check:
LHS = 2x – 1
= 2 (5) – 1
= 10 – 1 = 9
RHS = 14 – x
= 14 – 5 = 9
LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 6.
8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
Solution:
8x + 4 = 3(x – 1) + 7
∴ 8x + 4 = 3x – 3 + 7
∴ 8x + 4 = 3x + 4
∴ 8x + 4 – 3x = 4 (Transposing 3x to LHS)
∴ 5x + 4 = 4
∴ 5x = 4 – 4 (Transposing 4 to RHS)
∴ 5x = 0
∴ \(\frac{5 x}{5}=\frac{0}{5}\) (Dividing both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 0

Check:
LHS = 8x + 4
= 8 (0) + 4
= 0 + 4 = 4
RHS = 3 (x – 1) + 7
= 3(0 – 1) + 7
= 3 (-1) + 7
= – 3 + 7 = 4
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 7.
x = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
Solution:
x = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
∴ x = \(\frac{4 x}{5}+10 \times \frac{4}{5}\)
∴ x = \(\frac{4 x}{5}+8\)
∴ x – \(\frac{4 x}{5}\) = 8 (Transposing \(\frac{4 x}{5}\) to LHS)
∴ \(\frac{5 x-4 x}{5}\) = 8 (LCM = 5)
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) = 8
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) × 5 = 8 × 5 (Multiplying both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 40

Check:
LHS = x = 40
RHS = \(\frac {4}{5}\) (x + 10)
= \(\frac {4}{5}\) (40 + 10)
= \(\frac {4}{5}\) (50)
= 4 × 10 = 40
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 8.
\(\frac{2 x}{3}+1=\frac{7 x}{15}+3\)
Solution:
\(\frac{2 x}{3}+1=\frac{7 x}{15}+3\)
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 3 – 1 (Transposing 1 to RHS)
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 2
∴ \(\frac{2 x}{3}-\frac{7 x}{15}\) = 2 (Transposing \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) to LHS)
∴ \(\frac{2 x \times 5-7 x}{15}\) (LCM = 15)
∴ \(\frac{10 x-7 x}{15}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{3 x}{15}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) = 2
∴ \(\frac{x}{5}\) × 5 = 2 × 5 (Multiplying both the sides by 5)
∴ x = 10

Check:
LHS = \(\frac{2 x}{3}\) + 1
= \(\frac{2(10)}{3}\) + 1
= \(\frac{20}{3}\) + 1 = \(\frac{23}{3}\)
RHS = \(\frac{7 x}{15}\) + 3
= \(\frac{7(10)}{15}\) + 3
= \(\frac {14}{3}\) + 3
= \(\frac {23}{3}\)
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Question 9.
2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
Solution:
2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
∴ 2y + y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\) (Transposing -y to LHS)
∴ 3y + \(\frac {5}{3}\) = \(\frac {26}{3}\)
∴ 3y = \(\frac{26}{3}-\frac{5}{3}\) (Transposing \(\frac {5}{3}\) to RHS)
∴ 3y = \(\frac{26-5}{3}\)
∴ 3y = \(\frac {21}{3}\)
∴ 3y = 7
∴ \(\frac{3 y}{3}=\frac{7}{3}\) (Dividing both the sides by 3)
∴ y = \(\frac {7}{3}\)

Check:
LHS = 2y + \(\frac {5}{3}\)
= 2(\(\frac {7}{3}\) ) + \(\frac {5}{3}\)
= \(\frac{14}{3}+\frac{5}{3}\)
= \(\frac{14+5}{3}\)
= \(\frac {19}{3}\)
RHS = \(\frac {26}{3}\) – y
= \(\frac{26}{3}-\frac{7}{3}\)
= \(\frac{26-7}{3}\)
= \(\frac {19}{3}\)

Question 10.
3m = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
Solution:
3m = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
∴ 3m – 5m = –\(\frac {8}{5}\) (Transposing 5m to LHS)
∴ -2m = –\(\frac {8}{5}\)
∴ 2m = \(\frac {8}{5}\) [Multiplying both the sides by (-1)]
∴ \(\frac{2 m}{2}=\frac{8}{5} \times \frac{1}{2}\) (Dividing both the sides by 2)
∴ m = \(\frac {4}{5}\)

Check:
LHS = 3m
= 3(\(\frac {4}{5}\))
= \(\frac {12}{5}\)
RHS = 5m – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= 5(\(\frac {4}{5}\)) – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= 4 – \(\frac {8}{5}\)
= \(\frac{20-8}{5}\)
= \(\frac {12}{5}\)
∴ LHS = RHS
Thus, the answer is correct.

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Finite and Non-Finite Verbs Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 8th Class English Grammar Finite and Non-Finite Verbs

निम्नलिखित वाक्यों को पढ़ो और इन वाक्यों में दिये गए italicised (तिरछे) शब्दों के प्रयोग पर विचार करो-

1. (a) (i) I saw the girls jumping.
(ii). I did not see the dancing girl.

(b) (i) He got his shoes mended.
(ii) He is a worried man now.

2. (i) I went to see the match.
(ii) We go home to take rest.

3. (i) Dancing is an art.
(ii) She enjoys dancing.

सभी italicised शब्द ऐसे शब्द हैं जो अपने आप में किसी वाक्य का Predicate नहीं बन सकते। हम ऊपर दिए गए किसी भी वाक्य का italicised शब्द के साथ predicate नहीं बना सकते। अर्थात् ‘I jumping’, ‘I dancing’ आदि predicate नहीं बना सकते, इस प्रकार के Verbs को Non-Finite Verbs कहते हैं। इसके विपरीत वे Verbs या Verb Phrases जो किसी वाक्य के Predicate बन सकते हैं, Finite Verbs कहलाते हैं।

एक अन्य परिभाषा

Italicised शब्दों पर Tense, Person अथवा Number का कोई प्रभाव दिखाई नहीं देता। अर्थात् जिन Verbs पर Tense, Person के Number का प्रभाव नहीं होता, Non-Finite Verbs कहलाते हैं। Tense अथवा Subject बदलने के पश्चात् भी इन Verbs का रूप नहीं बदलता। इसके विपरीत Finite Verbs का रूप Tense तथा Person के अनुसार बदल सकता है। आओ वाक्यों पर पुनः विचार करें-
1. (a) I saw the train moving.
I see the train moving.
He sees the train moving.

(b) He got his watch repaired.
He gets his watch repaired.
They will get their watches repaired.

2. (i) I want to see the match.
(ii) He wants to see the match.
(iii) We wanted to see the match.

3. (i) She enjoys dancing.
(ii) She will enjoy dancing.
(iii) They enjoyed dancing.

अतः स्पष्ट है कि Finite Verbs (underlined) का परिवर्तन होने पर भी Non-finite Verbs में कोई परिवर्तन नहीं होता।

पूर्ण स्पष्टीकरण
अब दाईं तथा बाईं ओर दिए गए शब्द-समूहों का अध्ययन करो। आप देखेंगे कि Non-finites किस प्रकार Predicate का रूप धारण नहीं कर सकते।

Finite Verbs:
He takes tea.
He can drive well.
They have gone home.
The dog was beaten by the boys

Non-Finite Verbs:
He taking tea.
He to drive well.
They going home.
The dog beaten by the boys.

बाईं ओर के सभी शब्द समूह वाक्य हैं। ऐसा इसलिए है क्योंकि इनके Verbs Predicate का काम करते हैं परन्तु दाईं ओर के Verbs Non-Finites हैं। क्योंकि Non-Finites स्वयं Predicate का निर्माण नहीं करते, इसलिए दाईं ओर के शब्द-समूह वाक्य नहीं हो सकते।

Non-Finites का वर्गीकरण-
(1) Present Participle
(2) Past Participle

1. (a) (i). I saw the girl jumping. (Present Participle)
(ii) I did not see the dancing girl. (Present Participle)

(b) (i) He got his shoes mended. (Past Participle)
(ii) He is a ‘worried man now. (Past Participle)

2. (i) I want to see the match. (Infinitive)
(ii) We go home to take rest. (Infinitive)

3. (i) Dancing is an art. (Gerund)
(ii) She enjoys dancing (Gerund)

I. The Infinitive

I. Infinitive का प्रयोग Noun के रूप में हो सकता है।
1. Verb के Subject के रूप में:

• To forgive is divine.
• To drive a car requires skill.
• To err is human.

2. Object के रूप में:

• She wishes to rise higher in life.
• No one likes to die.
• I want to learn music.

3. Complement के रूप में:

• This house is to let.
• He seems to act well.
• Her desire was to do good.

4. Preposition के Object के रूप में:

• He was about to speak.
• The match was going to start.
• She was about to die.

5. Noun या Pronoun के Apposition के रूप में:

• It is easy to advise others.
• It is bad to find faults with others.
• It is good to help the poor.

II. Infinitive का प्रयोग adjective के रूप में भी हो सकता है।

1. Bere 2017 बताने के लिए

• He got up to ask a question.
• I went to see the Principal.
• He studied to become a doctor.

2. Noun या Pronoun की विशेषता बताने के लिए

• My decision to go is final.
• I have no friends to talk to.
• The topics to be written are known to all.

3. Preposition या Object की विशेषता बताने के लिए

• He is too old to walk.
• She is too young to understand.
• They are too busy to attend the function.

4. verb या complement की विशेषता बताने के लिए

• To tell the truth, I hate shirkers.
• To sum up, he is the best of friends.
• To say in a few words, Mohan achieved the object of his life.

Bare Infinitive या बिना to के Infinitive

इसका प्रयोग होता है:
1. bid, feel, hear, know, let, make, notice, observe, see, watch if Verbs

• I made him give up smoking.
• He bade me open the window.
• I let the boy go.

2. shall, will, would, should, do, have may, must, can, could if Auxiliaries as:

• You may leave now.
• I do not like him.
• You must not disobey your parents.

3. ‘had better’, ‘had rather’, ‘would rather’, ‘had sooner:

• You had better leave this place.
• I would rather starve than beg.
• He would rather solve the problem better.

4. but’, ‘than’s are:

• We could not but laugh.
• He did more than help his friend.

II. The Gerund

The Gerund का निर्माण Verb की पहली फार्म + ing से होता है। Gerund का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित ढंग से हो सकता है।

1. Verb के Subject के रूप में :

• Swimming is a good exercise.
• Speaking is easier than writing.
• Dancing is an art.

2. Verb के Object के रूप में:

• I hate waiting at bus stops.
• He likes reading novels.
• She stopped playing.

3. Preposition के Object के रूप में:

• I am tired of thinking.
• He is thinking of leaving this place.
• He started his journey after resting for an hour.

4. Verb at Complement के रूप में:

• Thinking is doing.
• Talking to him is wasting time.
• Seeing is believing

5. Absolute construction के रूप में:

• Speaking the truth being his habit, we like him.
• Reading the books being his hobby, we appreciate him.

Note : यदि Gerund से पहले कोई noun या pronoun आये तो उसका Possessive रूप ही प्रयोग करना सकता है।

• He stopped my going there.
• He likes my doing this job.
• I do not like Ram’s coming here.

6. Noun Compounds as party के रूप में:

• He bought a new dining table.
• The dancing girl was full of thrill.
• She wastes hours before her looking glass.

Note : निचे कुछ विशेष verbs दिए गए है जिनके साथ Gerund का प्रयोग होता है

• He avoided seeing the Principal.
• He admitted telling a lie.
• She denied using force.
• He dislikes deceiving people.
• I enjoy playing with children.
• He cannot help laughing.
• I don’t mind waiting for an hour.
• I missed seeing that film.
• He postponed his going to Delhi.
• She stopped going there.
• I suggest going for a walk.

III. Participle (Present and Past)

Present Participle : Present Participle का निर्माण verb की पहली फार्म तथा ing से होता है।
Note : Present Participle तथा Gerund दोनों का निर्माण ‘ing’ से होता है; प्रतनु दोनों में अत्नर है (i) Participle adjective के रूप में प्रयोग होता है
उदाहरण:
I like new coat.
I like shining-coat.
यहाँ ‘shining new की तरह adjective का काम कर रहा है। इसलिए यह Participle है।

(ii) Gerund noun के रूप में प्रयुक्त होता है। इसलिए यह वाक्य में वे सभी स्थान ले सकता है जो Noun के होते है; जैसे
Swimming is an exercise. (Subject के रूप में)
I like swimming. (Object के रूप में)

Present Participle का प्रयोग
1. Present Participle का प्रयोग subject के बाद आने वाले Noun के Adjective के रूप में होता है:

• His speech was expressing.
• Her lectures were interesting.
• The results were encouraging.

2. जब दो कार्य एक ही Subject द्वारा एक के बाद एक किए जायें, तो पहले कार्य को व्यक्त करने के लिए Present Participle का प्रयोग किया जाता है, जैसे,

• Seeing his father, the boy ran away.
• She entered, closing the door behind her.
• Crying, she went to qazi.

3. जब दो साथ-साथ हों तो उनमें से एक को Present Participle दुरा यक्त किया जाता है:

• He went into the room singing.
• He came to me running.
• The birds flew away chirping.

4. Present Participle ‘Object complement’ के रूप में भी कार्य कर सकता है:

• We found him studying in his room.
• The doctor found the patient sitting up in bed.
• I saw him watering the plants in his garden.

5. Present Participle का प्रयोग absolutely’ भी होता है; जैसे,

• The weather being fine (having been fine), we decided to go out for a walk.
• The dinner being over, the guests started leaving.
• The song being over, the dancers stopped dancing.

6. कभी- कभी Present Participle का प्रयोग Perfect Participle के रूप में होता है। ऐसा तब किया जाता है जब यह व्यक्त करना हो कि दूसरा कार्य आरम्भ होने से पूर्व पहला कार्य पूरा हो चुका था; जैसे,

• Having seen my sister off, I came home.
• Having done her homework, she went out to play.
• Having seen the film, they went out to a restaurant.

7. Perfect Participle का प्रयोग Passive constructions में भी होता है; जैसे,

• Having been betrayed once, he did not fall into the trap again.
• Having been defeated several times, the army finally surrendered.
• Having been insulted twice, I never went to see him again.

Past Participle : Past Participle verb की तीसरी फार्म होती है।
Past Participle का प्रयोग
Past Participle का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित प्रकार से होता है

1. Adjective के रूप में; जैसे

• His spoken English is much better than his written English.
• The written words have much weight.
• The planned object was achieved.

2. Passive भावना को यकत करने के लिए; जैसे

• The Chief Minister arrived, accompanied by the Minister for Education.
• Shot by an arrow, the bird fell to the ground.
• Disgusted, he left his home.

3. Subject complement के रूप में; जैसे

• They grew tired.
• We were left bored.
• Don’t be disappointed.

4. Object complement के रूप में; जैसे

• I got a new shirt made.
• We got a new home built.
• He had his hair cut.

Combination of Sentences

(Using Non-Finites)
Participle, Infinitive या Gerund (Non-finites) की सहायता से दो वाक्यों को जोड़ कर एक वाक्य भी बनाया जा सकता है।

1. Infinitive के प्रयोग द्वारा
(1) Separate : We go to a cinema. We see a movie.
Combined : We go to a cinema to see a movie.

(2) Separate : The principal called Mrs. Sharma. She would teach English.
Combined : The principal called Mrs. Sharma to teach English.

(3) Separate : I shall go to the market. I shall buy rice.
Combined : I shall go to the market to buy rice.

(4) Separate : She is very poor. She cannot pay her fee.
Combined : She is too poor to pay her fee.

(5) Separate : I want to go to my brother. I shall assist him.
Combined :: I want to go to my brother to assist him.

(6) Separate : I go to the playground. I play there.
Combined : I go to the playground to play.

(7) Separate : I bent. I picked the ball.
Combined : I bent to pick the ball.

2. Participle के प्रयोग द्वारा

(1) Separate : He picked up his umbrella. He went out.
Combined : Picking up his umbrella, he went out.

(2) Separate : The thieves ran away. They saw the policeman.
Combined : Seeing the policeman, the thieves ran away.

(3) Separate : The students stopped talking. They saw the headmaster.
Combined : Seeing the headmaster, the students stopped talking.

(4) Separate : He lost his book. He began to cry.
Combined : Having lost his book, he began to cry.

(5) Separate : He picked the pocket. He ran away.
Combined : Having picked the pocket, he ran away.

(6) Separate : The old lady was helped by the little boy. She was able to cross the road.
Combined : Helped by the little boy, the old lady was able to cross the road.

(7) Separate : I saw some monkeys. They were jumping from branch to branch.
Combined : I saw some monkeys jumping from branch to branch.

(8) Separate : We watched a cricket match. It was being played in our school.
Combined : We watched a cricket match being played in our school.

(9) Separate : I met a girl. She was weeping in the street.
Combined : I met a weeping girl in the street.

(10) Separate : We heard a noise. It was coming from a nearby house.
Combined : We heard a noise coming from a nearby house.

3. Gerund के प्रयोग द्वारा

(1) Separate : Mohan waits for the bus everyday. He can’t bear it.
Combined : Mohan can’t bear waiting for the bus everyday.

(2) Separate : Gopal watches hockey matches. He likes it.
Combined : Gopal likes watching hockey matches.

(3) Separate : Kamla writes stories. She is very fond of it.
Combined : Kamla is very fond of writing stories.

(4) Separate : He helped my brother. I appreciate it.
Combined : I appreciate his helping my brother.

(5) Separate : I avoided Ram. I did not meet him.
Combined : I avoided meeting Ram.

(6) Separate : He was seeing the match. He saw it for some time.
Combined : He went on seeing the match for some time.

(7) Separate : The bird spread the wings. It flew away.
Combined : The bird flew away by spreading the wings.

(8) Separate : You go there. I do not approve of it.
Combined : I do not approve of your going there.

Exercises (Solved) (With Hints) Set-I

Combine the following sentences in each pair using participle:

1. He took aim. He shot the tiger.
2. He hurt his foot. He stopped.
3. He was unwilling to go any further. He returned home.
4. They saw the uselessness of punishment. They changed their way.
5. He was tired of failure. He went to another city.
6. I received no answer. I knocked it second time.
7. He felt tired. He laid his work aside.
8. I went to Delhi last year. I wished to see a doctor.
9. He lost money. He gave up gambling.
10. He gave up the job. He was not satisfied with the salary.
11. He went straight on. He met Ram on the path.
12. A dog stole a piece of meat. He went outside the city to enjoy it.
13. The magician took pity on the mouse. He turned it into a cat.
14. My sister liked the book. She bought it at once.
15. The letter was badly written. I had great difficulty in reading it.
16. The hungry fox saw some grapes. They were hanging from a vine.
17. I was walking along the bank. I saw a dead snake.
18. He ran at top speed. He got out of breath.
19. He jumped up. He ran away.
20. He was tired. He sat down to rest.
21. He finished his dinner. He went out for a walk.
22. He felt sleepy. He went to bed.
23. He aimed at the bird. He shot an arrow.
24. He failed in the examinations. He gave up studies.
25. He ran after the thief. He caught him.
Hints:
1. Taking aim
2. Having hurt
3. Unwilling
4. Seeing the
5. Tired of
6. Having received
7. Feeling tired
8. Wishing to
9. Having lost
10. Dissatisfied with
11. Going
12. Having stolen, the dog went
13. Taking pity, the magician turned
14. Having liked, my sister bought it
15. The letter being badly written.
16. The hungry fox saw some grapes hanging
17. Walking along the bank
18. Running at
19. Jumping up
20. Being tired
21. Having finished
22. Feeling sleepy
23. Aiming at the bird
24. Having failed
25. Running after.

Set-II
Combine the following sentences by using infinitives:

1. I went to the playground. I wanted to see the match.
2. I worked very hard. I wanted to assist him.
3. I want to go to my brother. I want to assist him.
4. I won a scholarship. I had to work very hard for it.
5. She is very poor. She cannot pay her fee.
6. He is very selfish. He will not help you.
7. I shall go to the market. I shall buy sugar.
8. I was trying to lift the box. He helped me.
9. I speak the truth. I am not afraid of it.
10. Everyone should do his duty. The country expects this of everyone.
11. He must apologise to me. This is the only way to escape punishment.
12. I shall succeed. I am sure of it.
13. He will stand first. He is hopeful of it.
14. You will catch the train. You need not run for it.
15. She visits the poor. It is in this way that she can help.
16. He took out the knife. His object was to stab the passer-by.
17. I am very tired. I cannot work.
18. The hunter took up his gun. He wanted to shoot the tiger.
19. He bought a box. He needed it for keeping ornaments in it.
20. The king was very pleased. He heard of the success of his army.
21. This load is very heavy. I cannot lift it.
22. He heard the happy news. He was overjoyed.
23. The problem was difficult. It could not be solved.
24. My friend has gone to Delhi. He will attend a wedding there.
25. This book is very expensive. I cannot buy it.
26. We go to a cinema. We see a movie there.
27. We telephoned the airport. We wanted to ask for some information.
28. The school appointed Miss Sheela. She would teach English.
29. I wanted to meet my parents. I returned home.
30. He wanted to learn the art of bowling. The coach taught him.
31. We bow before our teacher. We respect him.
32. She bought a car. She would travel fast.
33. They use kerosene. They would/will cook their food.
Hints:
1. playground to see
2. hard to assist
3. brother to assist him
4. very hard to win a scholarship
5. too poor to pay her fees
6. too selfish to help
7. market to buy
8. He helped me lift
9. afraid to speak the truth
10. expects everyone of us to do our duty
11. to escape punishment
12. sure to succeed
13. he hopes to stand
14. run to catch
15. She visits the poor to help them
16. knife to stab
17. too-to
18. his gun to shoot
19. a box to keep
20. pleased to hear
21. too heavy for me to
22. overjoyed to hear
23. too difficult to be
24. gone to Delhi to attend
25. too expensive for me to
26. to a cinema to see
27. the airport to ask
28. appointed Miss Sheela to teach
29. home to meet
30. taught him to learn
31. our teacher to respect
32. a car to travel fast
33. use kerosene to cook

Exercises From Board’s Grammar (Solved)

1. Pick out Infinitives in the following sentences:
1. To lie is a sin.
2. I saw him enter.
3. She let me watch the film.
4. He promised to come.
5. To forgive is divine.
6. He is too weak to walk.
7. I don’t know where to go.
8. It is shameful to cheat your friend.
9. I watched her dance.
10. Straw is used to make paperboard.
Answer:
1. To lie
2. enter
3. watch
4. to come
5. To forgive
6. to walk
7. to go
8. to cheat
9. dance
10. to make.

II. Complete the following sentences by filling in the blank spaces with appropriate non-finite forms:

1. (Err) is human, (forgive) is divine.
2. You ought (get) up earlier.
3. It is easy (make) mistakes.
4. Why not (take) the day off?
5. He made me (repeat) the lessons.
6. You needn’t (say) anything.
7. I am sorry (disappoint) you.
8. He heard a cock (crow) in the neighbouring village.
9. Would you (like) (come) in my car?
10. He will be able (swim) very soon.
Answer:
1. To err, to forgive.
2. to get
3. to make
4. take.
5. repeat
6. say
7. to disappoint
8. crow.
9. like, to come.
10. to swim.

III. Combine the following pairs of sentences into one sentence each using too / enough + infinitive:

1. You are very young. You can’t have a gun.
2. He is very ill. He can’t eat anything.
3. The coffee is strong. It won’t keep us awake.
4. Tom was very foolish. He told lies to the police.
5. He was furious. He couldn’t speak.
6. You are quite thin. You could slip between the bars.
7. It is very cold. We can’t bathe.
8. It is very cold. We can’t go out.
9. The fire isn’t very hot. It won’t boil water in a kettle.
10. I am rather old. I can’t walk that far.
Answer:
1. You are too young to have a gun.
2. He is too ill to eat anything.
3. The coffee is not strong enough to keep us awake.
4. Tom was foolish enough to tell lies to the police.
5. He was too furious to speak.
6. You are thin enough to slip between the bars.
7. It is too cold for us to bathe.
8. It is too cold for us to go out.
9. The fire isn’t hot enough to boil water in a kettle.
10. I am too old to walk that far.

IV. Pick out gerunds in the following sentences:

1. Gambling is a bad habit.
2. She enjoys sleeping.
3. Old men enjoy gossiping.
4. I hate waiting.
5. Stealing is a crime.
6. He is fond of walking.
7. I am good at spelling.
8. We took part in boating.
9. My sister does not like cooking.
10. She is fond of dancing.
Answer:
1. Gambling.
2. sleeping.
3. gossiping.
4. waiting.
5. stealing
6. walking
7. spelling
8. boating.
9. cooking
10. dancing.