PSEB 11th Class Sociology Solutions Chapter 6 Socialization

Punjab State Board PSEB 11th Class Sociology Book Solutions Chapter 6 Socialization Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 11 Sociology Chapter 6 Socialization

Sociology Guide for Class 11 PSEB Socialization Textbook Questions and Answers

Answer the following very short answer questions in 1-15 words each:

Question 1.
What do you mean by socialisation?
Answer:
The process with which an individual learns the ways to live in society.

Question 2.
Name the stages of socialisation.
Answer:
Infant stage, childhood stage, adolescent stage, adulthood stage, and old age.

Question 3.
What is the adolescent stage?
Answer:
The stage starts at the age of 12-13 years and goes till 18-19 years. In this stage, physical changes come in an individual.

Question 4.
What is the infancy stage?
Answer:
This is the stage which starts with the birth and goes till one and half years and child depends upon others to fulfill his basic needs.

Question 5.
Which are the primary agencies of socialisation?
Answer:
Family, school, and play groups are the primary agencies of socialisation.

Question 6.
Give two examples of formal agencies of socialisation.
Answer:
Government, Laws, Courts, Political System etc.

Question 7.
Mention two informal agencies of socialisation.
Answer:
Family, institutions, religion, play group etc.

Answer the following short answer questions in 30-35 words each:

Question 1.
Define socialisation.
Answer:
According to Bogardus, “Socialisation is the -process of working together of developing group responsibility of being guided by the welfare needs of others.”

Question 2.
Write down the stages of socialisation.
Answer:

1. Infant stage
2. Childhood stage
3. Adolescent stage
4. Adulthood’ stage
5. Old age.

Question 3.
Discuss the role of family in the process of socialisation.
Answer:
Family plays a very important role in an individual’s socialisation. Child’s unconscious mind is greatly affected by family. In family, child learns many feelings such as love, sympathy etc. Family tells him about values, cutoms, ways of living etc. which helps in his socialisation.

Question 4.
Describe three formal agencies of socialisation.
Answer:
Police, laws and political system are three formal agencies of socialisation.
If any one commits a crime, he is caught by the police. With the help of laws, he is punished. Our political system prepares strict laws which helps in the reduction of crimes. An individual is having fear of all these and it helps in his socialisation.

Question 5.
Write a short note on primary socialisation.
Answer:
Family and play group are the means of primary socialisation. While living . in family, child learns ways of living in society and becomes a good citizen. In play group, he comes to know that other children also have same aspirations like him and he cares about them. It helps in his socialisation.

Question 6.
Discuss mass media as an agency of socialisation.
Answer:
In present age, the importance of mass media has greatly increased. Different news channels telecast their news all around and inform us about the whole world. We come to know about the events happening everywhere which helps in our socialisation.

Answer the following short answer questions in 75-85 words each:

Question 1.
Discuss the characteristics of socialisation.
Answer:

1. The process of socialisation is universal which exists in all the societies.
2. This process is a iearning process and an individual learns a lot during whole of his life.
3. There are different stages of socialisation and process of learning in different stages is different.
4. The intensity of learning in adulthood stages reduces but it is continued till death.
5. There are many means of socialisation but family is the most important agency which plays the most important role in this process.

Question 2.
What is the importance of peer groups in socialisation ?
Answer:
After family and neighbourhood, the agency which socialises an individual is peer group or play group. Child starts to play with his friends and forms a peer group. His social education starts in the peer group. Here he learns all the things which he cannot learn in family.

He is required to sacrifice his wish in peer group and he comes to know that others also have the same aspirations like him. In peer group, relations are based on equality. That’s why when he takes part in its activities, he learns discipline and co-operation. All these greatly affect his future. While playing children often fight with each other and learn to .protect their rights. So peer group keeps a very important place in one’s socialisation. .

Question 3.
Describe in brief the process of socialisation in youth and old age.
Answer:
(i) Adulthood stage or young age :
This stage keeps a very important place in the process of socialisation. In this stage, one learns to accomodate with others. The major question in this stage is to find employment. While doing so, many a time he gets rejected but he never loses his heart and continues with his efforts. It makes him learn a lot. After marriage and having kids, his role changes which helps him to learn a lot.

(ii) Old age :
In this stage, an individual learns many new things. He starts to realise that he is now dependent upon his family, he gets afflicted with many diseases and needs to learn new ways of accommodation. He is required to work according to his children which further creates many problems. He tries to maintain balance with all these situations.

Answer the following short answer questions in 250-300 words each:

Question 1.
Discuss the development of an individual through the process of socialisation.
Answer:
How man becomes able to live in society ? It is because of his contact with people and materialistic things. When anyone is a child then he doesn’t have the ability to do any of the social work and he is unaware of the things belonging to his surroundings.

But slowly and slowly he starts to see all of them. Child becomes social man because of those persons who surround him all the times because these people tell him the ways of living in society. He adjusts with others and compares his and other’s work.

Slowly and slowly he learns from his experience that other persons are also like him and he expresses his feelings to others. He does this at that time when he thinks that others have also feelings like him. He wanders here and there and he tries to know about every thing which comes in front of him. In this way parents try to explain him with the help of symbols that what is right and what is wrong for him.

Slowly and slowly he is told about going to temple, school, education etc. He is sent to school where he learns to adapt according to the other situations and learns every type of the way of life which is necessary to live a happy life. In this way slowly and slowly he grows up and learns the rules of society.

First relation of child is with his family. After birth his first need is of physical need that is of hunger and thirst. He is more interested in mother because she fulfills his basic needs. After mother other members of the family like father, uncle, aunt, grandfather, grandmother, brother, sister etc. come. All these members tell him about the world in which he has to spend his whole life. In family he experiences things like love, power, force, rights etc. because all these things he gets in the family.

In the beginning child wants everything whatever he likes because he thinks that he has a right over them. If he is unable to get that then he starts crying. When he becomes 2-3 years of age he starts to understand that he cannot get everything what he wants. He feels sad if he is unable to get that thing but slowly and slowly he starts to control himself.

Child is dependent ugon his family for his needs and for this it is necessary for him to get cooperation of the family. He gets their cooperation with self control and he learns norms, values of society which are necessary for him to live and behave in society.

When a person develops then he learns ways of talking, sitting, walking and mannerism. With this his self also develops. When man beqomes conscious about his functions then this consciousness is known as self. In the beginning he cannot differentiate between others and members of the family because he doesn’t know about the relationship of the world. But slowly and slowly he interacts with members of the family and with this he comes to know about socialization also.

After his family members, he goes to his friends. These are his friends who grew in different circumstances. His friends have different ideals which a child learns very slowly and he learns to adjust with difficult circumstances. In play ground he learns to govern and to be governed and learns to make balance with others which is a part of process of socialization.

Another very big change comes in the life of a child and that is when he enters the school. In school he comes under the influence of other students and by the character of teacher. In this way in college he learns a lot of things from his teachers and other students like ways of sitting, walking, talking, behaving etc. which is necessary for his future’s life. After college, business or job, marriage also helps in his socialization.

Personality of husband and wife puts a great effect on each other and on their future. After marriage he has to fulfil a number of duties like of husband, father etc. With these new duties he learns a lot. In this way the process of socialization starts with the birth and ends at the death. Man can finish but this process cannot finish.

Question 2.
Write down about the various stages of socialisation.
Answer:
The process of socialisation is quite wide and starts with the birth of a child. When a child is ban then he is not more than an animal because he does’t know about the ways of living in society and there is lack of social life in him. But with the passage of time when child grows then the process of socialization also goes on with his age and he moulds himself according to the social life. He learns the ideals, values, norms, rules, beliefs, motivations etc. When a child takes birth then he has natural instincts but when he comes in contact with society, his natural instincts change into social habits.

All this happens at different times whose description is given below –

1. Infant Stage
2. Childhood Stage
3. Adolescent Stage
4. Adulthood Stage
5. Old Age.

1. Infant Stage. While explaining the first stage Johnson wrote that this stage starts at the birth of the child and goes up to the age of one and a half years. In this stage child neither can speak nor he can walk. Except this he cannot fulfil his basic needs. He has to depend upon his mother. This is a type of stage in which he is unable to differentiate in things. For the fulfilment of his basic needs like hunger, thrust etc, he depends upon the members of the family.

He tries to take that thing which he likes. According to Talcot Parsons, “Child is a mean of recreation for others in this stage. Generally he can recognise his mother and becomes happy when he comes in contact with his mother. According to him there is no difference in imaginative and real situations.”

After the birth of the child this is the first stage when child doesn’t know’to walk or talk. He has some basic needs and he depends upon his mother for the fulfilment of his basic needs. He cannot differentiate in real and artificial elements. He thinks that others are also like him. Child wants that thing which he likes. This stage goes up to the age of one and half years. In this he tries to establish uniformity with his mother because of which he learns to control his hunger, thirst etc.

2. Childhood Stage. This stage starts at one and half years and goes up to 12 years and in this stage child learns to talk and walk properly. Child starts to fulfil most of his needs himself. Till the age of 2 years he comes to know that except him, other children also have same rights and he cannot get all the things which he needs. He feels sad when all of his demands are not fulfilled but gradually he learns to control himself.

During this time family members try to impart good habits in him by giving reward or punishment. During this time he gets love from others and starts to love others. He starts to learn values of the family and to imitate family members. marriage he has to fulfil a number of duties like of husband, father etc. With these new duties he learns a lot. In this way the process of socialization starts with the birth and ends at the death. Man can finish but this process cannot finish.

Question 2.
Write down about the various stages of socialisation.
Answer:
The process of socialisation is quite wide and starts with the birth of a child. When a child is ban then he is not more than an animal because he does’t know about the ways of living in society and there is lack of social life in him. But with the passage of time when child grows then the process of socialization also goes on with his age and he moulds himself according to the social life. He learns the ideals, values, norms, rules, beliefs, motivations etc. When a child takes birth then he has natural instincts but when he comes in contact with society, his natural instincts change into social habits.

All this happens at different times whose description is given below-

1. Infant Stage
2. Childhood Stage
3. Adolescent Stage
4. Adulthood Stage
5. Old Age.

1. Infant Stage:
While explaining the first stage Johnson wrote that this stage starts at the birth of the child and goes up to the age of one and a half years. In this stage child neither can speak nor he can walk. Except this he cannot fulfil his basic needs. He has to depend upon his mother.

This is a type of stage in which he is unable to differentiate in things. For the fulfilment of his basic needs like hunger, thrust etc, he depends upon the members of the family.

He tries to take that thing which he likes. According to Talcot Parsons, “Child is a mean of recreation for others in this stage. Generally he can recognise his mother and becomes happy when he comes in contact with his mother. According to him there is no difference in imaginative and real situations.”

After the birth of the child this is the first stage when child doesn’t know’to walk or talk. He has some basic needs and he depends upon his mother for the fulfilment of his basic needs. He cannot differentiate in real and artificial elements. He thinks that others are also like him.

Child wants that thing which he likes. This stage goes up to the age of one and half years. In this he tries to establish uniformity with his mother because of which he learns to control his hunger, thirst etc.

2. Childhood Stage. This stage starts at one and half years and goes up to 12 years and in this stage child learns to talk and walk properly. Child starts to fulfil most of his needs himself. Till the age of 2 years he comes to know that except him, other children also have same rights and he cannot get all the things which he needs.

He feels sad when all of his demands are not fulfilled but gradually he learns to control himself. During this time family members try to impart good habits in him by giving-reward or punishment. During this time he gets love from others and starts to love others. He starts to learn values of the family and to imitate family members.

Sometimes he starts crying for that. During this stage he starts talking and walking properly. He also starts to control his wishes. During this age he is motivated to grasp good habits with the help of reward and punishment. For example if he obeys his parents, they love him or give him something to eat or play and if he disobeys them then they either shout on him or slap him. In this stage he starts to grasp the nature of society. He is also influenced by the members of the family. Some things he learns automatically.

Some things he learns by imitation and imitation is a means of entertainment for him. For example he reads newspaper like his father or acts as his grandfather or grandmother. In this stage he starts to adopt that behaviour which he observes in the family. During this stage the internal qualities of a child start to develop. In this way, in this stage, he starts to reeongnise about good or bad works.

In this stage child becomes a member of the group and starts to know about status of others. Even mental consciousness starts up to certain extent. He is hardly conscious about the sexual instincts. Gradually he starts to control his anger and natural instincts. He learns to differentiate between himself and other children. He starts to be influenced by members of the society. This stage gives mental security to him and he stays away from mental tensions.

3. Adolescent Stage. This stage starts at the age of 14-15 years and goes up to 20-21 years. In this age it is not possible for parents to control their children because children think that they are mature enough and need more freedom. That’s why they demand for more freedom! Now his different parts start to develop and with their development new feelings come in him and he starts .to learn new ways of behaviour. It is necessary for girls to stay away from boys. They need readjustments towards other sex or gender.

During this stage many rules related to sex, business, values, beliefs are kept in front of them. They want freedom from these bondages because they thinks that their parents are binding him. Because of this a sense of rebelliousness comes in them. Fast mental conflict starts in them and they learn self-control by tussling with conflict.

4. Adulthood Stage. At this stage, the social circle of an individual becomes quite wide as compared to the third stage. He gets employment and becomes a member of a political group, political party, club, trade union etc. He gets married in this stage and makes new relations in his life, in-laws and new friends.

He is required to maintain balance with his wife and in-laws family. Now he is not dependent upon others instead he becomes a responsible person. He needs to perform many roles such as husband-wife, mother-father, head of family, citizen of country etc. It is expected from him to perform certain roles and continue with the process of socialisation.

5. Old Age. Life of an old age person is greatly influenced by his surroundings, occupations, friends and membership of many groups. He internalises many new values and needs to learn to maintain balance with the new situations. Maintaining balance is quite important in this stage as he faces many adverse circumstances. He gets new roles in this stage such as father-in-law, grandfather, retired person etc. So even in this stage his process of socialisation continues although pace of this process is quite slow.

Question 3.
Write a note on the agencies of socialisation.
Answer:
1. Family:
Family plays the most important role in the socialization of man. According to some prominent Sociologists, the mind of a child is in unconscious state and the effect which family can put on that unconscious mind no one else can put. In childhood we can mould the mind of child in any desired direction. On his unconscious mind every thing puts its effect.

If the behaviour of parents towards child is rude then the child will try to go out of their control when he grows up and if the child will get lots of love and affection then there is no possibility for a child to go to a wrong way. If the child will not be able to get the love of his parents then imbalance can come in his personality. The base of basic education of a child is family. In family many feelings like love and affection always influence the mind of the child from which he learns many qualities.

Family tells the child about the traditions, customs, norms, ways of behaviour of the family and society. Child gets education about ways of behaviour, rules only in the family. In family child learns to obey and respect the elders. If the child is under the control of the parents then it means that child is under the control of society because at the time of the socialization of the child, parents are the representatives of the society. In family child learns many types of qualities and with which he becomes a responsible citizen of society or country. In the family only child gets the chance to express his views and development of his personality.

In its early age whatever a child observes, he starts imitating it. That’s why he depends upon the family so that the family could take him in right direction. According to some psychologists the family puts a great effect not only on the unconscious mind of the child but also affects his future. For example if parents are fighting in the family then the child will definitely live without the love of the parents and this will affect his personality. –

2. Play group:
Play group comes after family as an important means of socialization. Child comes out of the scope of the family, plays with his friends and forms a play group. In play group child starts to get social training. Child can learn a lot of things in play group which he cannot learn in the fatnily.

He has to sacrifice many of his washes while living in play group and he comes to know that others also have wishes like him. Except this relationships in play group are based on equality. That’s why when child plays in play group then he learns discipline, cooperation etc.

which affects his future life. Except this leadership qualities also come in him only by living in play group. While playing children fight with each other and learn to protect the rights of others. Here child comes to know about his role, capabilities, non-capabilities. In play group child grasps many feelings and capabilities. In short, play group plays an important role in shaping the future of the child. If play group is good then child becomes a good human being and if not then he can grasp many bad habits which can affect his future.

3. Neighbourhood:
Neighbourhood of the person is also an important means of socialization. When child comes out of the family and goes in the hands of neighbours then he comes to know that how he has to behave with others. It is so because if the child’s behaviour is not good then the family can ignore it but if his behaviour out of the family is wrong then they can feel.

He has to adapt continuously with his neighbours because neighbours will not tolerate his wrong behaviour and this adjustment will help him for his whole life that how he has to adjust in different circumstances. When he interacts with his neighbours then he comes to know that how he has to behave according to the rules of the society.

4. School:
After all these the next turn is of school whose function is to change an uncivilised child into a civilised child or you can say that school gives shape to raw material into a finished product. In school lots of qualities are developed. In school child studies with other students and many teachers are there in school who exert a great influence on him. Teacher’s ways of talking, walking, sitting, behaving, teaching puts a great influence on the mind of the child.

Here one thing should be kept in mind that different students are influenced by different teachers and they make their teachers as their ideals. They always try to imitate the behaviour of the teachers which puts a great impact on the personality of the child. Except teachers, other students also play an important role in socialization.

While living with them, he gets many roles and status which helps him in future life. Ways of sitting and playing with other children also helps in the development of the personality.In school the scope of play group and interaction of a child becomes so wide because he meets many children in the school. In school child learns many rules, discipline, traditions, subjects etc. which are very helpful in the future life of a child.

5. Social Institutions:
In the process of socialization, not only family or school, but many types of institutions play an important role. In society many types of institutions are there like religious, political, economic, marriage etc. and they play an important role in his socialization. Political institutions tell him the ways of behaving with state or country. Economic institutions tell him about the ways of business. Religious institutions create many types of qualities in him like cooperation, love, sympathy etc.

Every person accepts ways of behaviour given in religion, ways and rules of living, beliefs, with unconscious mind. In this way every society.or caste also tells him about the rules of living in society. Except these many types of recreational activities and behaviour also motivate the mian to become an active member of the society. Social institutions like religious, economic, political also influence the personality of man. For example, man spends most of his time under the influence of economic institutions because he has to earn to live ami earning depends upon his occupation.

A person gets an occupation according to his ability. He has to obey certain rules while accepting any occupation. It means that he changes himself according to the situation. In the area of occupation, he makes relations with many types of individuals. He comes in contact with many persons. That’s why his character and personality is also influenced by all these things.

Except this if we see then we can see that there is no area or part of society which is not under the influence of political institutions. Every type of group like business, language, art, music, education, family etc. are under the control of law. Man has to take the help of law to improve or to do progress in life. That’s why he changes himself according to them.

6. Needs. Man has many types of social and physical needs because of which he has to coordinate with other members of society. Man uses accepted ways of society to fulfil his needs so that he should not be condemned. In this way man does his work which is according to the norms of society with which a sense of accommodation comes in him.

7. Language. Just language can develop every aspect of a child. If child doesn’t know any language then how will he express his views, ideas and feelings towards others. With the help of language, child comes in contact with others because of which he gets many chances to express his ideas. The way in which he learns language, in the same way he gets more chances to express his views. With help of language he makes his social point of view.

With language only he expresses his needs and problems. With language he exchanges his ideas and relations with other people and he learns those rules which can run his life. With this, morality also develops in him. Language prepares him for different types of roles.

With language he comes to know about ideas of others and he also comes to know that what is his position in society. In this way language helps a lot in the process of socialization. Language also helps in the development of the personality. With the help of language, child comes in contact with others and learns social rules, ideals, norms, relations etc.

Question 4.
Discuss the relationship between the various stages of the individual’s development and the agents of socialisation.
Answer:
various stages of socialisation:
The process of socialisation is quite wide and starts with the birth of a child. When a child is ban then he is not more than an animal because he does’t know about the ways of living in society and there is lack of social life in him. But with the passage of time when child grows then the process of socialization also goes on with his age and he moulds himself according to the social life. He learns the ideals, values, norms, rules, beliefs, motivations etc. When a child takes birth then he has natural instincts but when he comes in contact with society, his natural instincts change into social habits.

All this happens at different times whose description is given below:

1. Infant Stage
2. Childhood Stage
3. Adolescent Stage
4. Adulthood Stage
5. Old Age.

1. Infant Stage:
While explaining the first stage Johnson wrote that this stage starts at the birth of the child and goes up to the age of one and a half years. In this stage child neither can speak nor he can walk. Except this he cannot fulfil his basic needs. He has to depend upon his mother. This is a type of stage in which he is unable to differentiate in things. For the fulfilment of his basic needs like hunger, thrust etc, he depends upon the members of the family.

He tries to take that thing which he likes. According to Talcot Parsons, “Child is a mean of recreation for others in this stage. Generally he can recognise his mother and becomes happy when he comes in contact with his mother. According to him there is no difference in imaginative and real situations.”

After the birth of the child this is the first stage when child doesn’t know’to walk or talk. He has some basic needs and he depends upon his mother for the fulfilment of his basic needs. He cannot differentiate in real and artificial elements. He thinks that others are also like him. Child wants that thing which he likes. This stage goes up to the age of one and half years. In this he tries to establish uniformity with his mother because of which he learns to control his hunger, thirst etc.

2. Childhood Stage. This stage starts at one and half years and goes up to 12 years and in this stage child learns to talk and walk properly. Child starts to fulfil most of his needs himself. Till the age of 2 years he comes to know that except him, other children also have same rights and he cannot get all the things which he needs.

He feels sad when all of his demands are not fulfilled but gradually he learns to control himself. During this time family members try to impart good habits in him by giving-reward or punishment. During this time he gets love from others and starts to love others. He starts to learn values of the family and to imitate family members.

Sometimes he starts crying for that. During this stage he starts talking and walking properly. He also starts to control his wishes. During this age he is motivated to grasp good habits with the help of reward and punishment. For example if he obeys his parents, they love him or give him something to eat or play and if he disobeys them then they either shout on him or slap him. In this stage he starts to grasp the nature of society. He is also influenced by the members of the family. Some things he learns automatically.

Some things he learns by imitation and imitation is a means of entertainment for him. For example he reads newspaper like his father or acts as his grandfather or grandmother. In this stage he starts to adopt that behaviour which he observes in the family. During this stage the internal qualities of a child start to develop. In this way, in this stage, he starts to reeongnise about good or bad works.

In this stage child becomes a member of the group and starts to know about status of others. Even mental consciousness starts up to certain extent. He is hardly conscious about the sexual instincts. Gradually he starts to control his anger and natural instincts. He learns to differentiate between himself and other children. He starts to be influenced by members of the society. This stage gives mental security to him and he stays away from mental tensions.

3. Adolescent Stage. This stage starts at the age of 14-15 years and goes up to 20-21 years. In this age it is not possible for parents to control their children because children think that they are mature enough and need more freedom. That’s why they demand for more freedom! Now his different parts start to develop and with their development new feelings come in him and he starts .to learn new ways of behaviour. It is necessary for girls to stay away from boys. They need readjustments towards other sex or gender.

During this stage many rules related to sex, business, values, beliefs are kept in front of them. They want freedom from these bondages because they thinks that their parents are binding him. Because of this a sense of rebelliousness comes in them. Fast mental conflict starts in them and they learn self-control by tussling with conflict.

4. Adulthood Stage. At this stage, the social circle of an individual becomes quite wide as compared to the third stage. He gets employment and becomes a member of a political group, political party, club, trade union etc. He gets married in this stage and makes new relations in his life, in-laws and new friends.

He is required to maintain balance with his wife and in-laws family. Now he is not dependent upon others instead he becomes a responsible person. He needs to perform many roles such as husband-wife, mother-father, head of family, citizen of country etc. It is expected from him to perform certain roles and continue with the process of socialisation.

5. Old Age. Life of an old age person is greatly influenced by his surroundings, occupations, friends and membership of many groups. He internalises many new values and needs to learn to maintain balance with the new situations. Maintaining balance is quite important in this stage as he faces many adverse circumstances. He gets new roles in this stage such as father-in-law, grandfather, retired person etc. So even in this stage his process of socialisation continues although pace of this process is quite slow.

agencies of socialisation:
1. Family:
Family plays the most important role in the socialization of man. According to some prominent Sociologists, the mind of a child is in unconscious state and the effect which family can put on that unconscious mind no one else can put. In childhood we can mould the mind of child in any desired direction. On his unconscious mind every thing puts its effect.

If the behaviour of parents towards child is rude then the child will try to go out of their control when he grows up and if the child will get lots of love and affection then there is no possibility for a child to go to a wrong way. If the child will not be able to get the love of his parents then imbalance can come in his personality. The base of basic education of a child is family. In family many feelings like love and affection always influence the mind of the child from which he learns many qualities.

Family tells the child about the traditions, customs, norms, ways of behaviour of the family and society. Child gets education about ways of behaviour, rules only in the family. In family child learns to obey and respect the elders. If the child is under the control of the parents then it means that child is under the control of society because at the time of the socialization of the child, parents are the representatives of the society. In family child learns many types of qualities and with which he becomes a responsible citizen of society or country. In the family only child gets the chance to express his views and development of his personality.

In its early age whatever a child observes, he starts imitating it. That’s why he depends upon the family so that the family could take him in right direction. According to some psychologists the family puts a great effect not only on the unconscious mind of the child but also affects his future. For example if parents are fighting in the family then the child will definitely live without the love of the parents and this will affect his personality. –

2. Play group:
Play group comes after family as an important means of socialization. Child comes out of the scope of the family, plays with his friends and forms a play group. In play group child starts to get social training. Child can learn a lot of things in play group which he cannot learn in the fatnily. He has to sacrifice many of his washes while living in play group and he comes to know that others also have wishes like him. Except this relationships in play group are based on equality. That’s why when child plays in play group then he learns discipline, cooperation etc.

which affects his future life. Except this leadership qualities also come in him only by living in play group. While playing children fight with each other and learn to protect the rights of others. Here child comes to know about his role, capabilities, non-capabilities. In play group child grasps many feelings and capabilities. In short, play group plays an important role in shaping the future of the child. If play group is good then child becomes a good human being and if not then he can grasp many bad habits which can affect his future.

3. Neighbourhood:
Neighbourhood of the person is also an important means of socialization. When child comes out of the family and goes in the hands of neighbours then he comes to know that how he has to behave with others. It is so because if the child’s behaviour is not good then the family can ignore it but if his behaviour out of the family is wrong then they can feel.

He has to adapt continuously with his neighbours because neighbours will not tolerate his wrong behaviour and this adjustment will help him for his whole life that how he has to adjust in different circumstances. When he interacts with his neighbours then he comes to know that how he has to behave according to the rules of the society.

4. School:
After all these the next turn is of school whose function is to change an uncivilised child into a civilised child or you can say that school gives shape to raw material into a finished product. In school lots of qualities are developed. In school child studies with other students and many teachers are there in school who exert a great influence on him. Teacher’s ways of talking, walking, sitting, behaving, teaching puts a great influence on the mind of the child.

Here one thing should be kept in mind that different students are influenced by different teachers and they make their teachers as their ideals. They always try to imitate the behaviour of the teachers which puts a great impact on the personality of the child. Except teachers, other students also play an important role in socialization.

While living with them, he gets many roles and status which helps him in future life. Ways of sitting and playing with other children also helps in the development of the personality.In school the scope of play group and interaction of a child becomes so wide because he meets many children in the school. In school child learns many rules, discipline, traditions, subjects etc. which are very helpful in the future life of a child.

5. Social Institutions:
In the process of socialization, not only family or school, but many types of institutions play an important role. In society many types of institutions are there like religious, political, economic, marriage etc. and they play an important role in his socialization. Political institutions tell him the ways of behaving with state or country. Economic institutions tell him about the ways of business. Religious institutions create many types of qualities in him like cooperation, love, sympathy etc.

Every person accepts ways of behaviour given in religion, ways and rules of living, beliefs, with unconscious mind. In this way every society.or caste also tells him about the rules of living in society. Except these many types of recreational activities and behaviour also motivate the nian to become an active member of the society.

Social institutions like religious, economic, political also influence the personality of man. For example, a man spends most of his time under the influence of economic institutions because he has to earn to live ami earning depends upon his occupation.

A person gets an occupation according to his ability. He has to obey certain rules while accepting any occupation. It means that he changes himself according to the situation. In the area of occupation, he makes relations with many types of individuals. He comes in contact with many persons. That’s why his character and personality is also influenced by all these things.

Except this, if we see then we can see that there is no area or part of society that is not under the influence of political institutions. Every type of group like business, language, art, music, education, family, etc. is under the control of law. Man has to take the help of the law to improve or to do progress in life. That’s why he changes himself according to them.

6. Needs. Man has many types of social and physical needs because of which he has to coordinate with other members of society. Man uses accepted ways of society to fulfill his needs so that he should not be condemned. In this way, man does his work which is according to the norms of society with which a sense of accommodation comes in him.

7. Language. Just language can develop every aspect of a child. If a child doesn’t know any language then how will he express his views, ideas, and feelings towards others. With the help of language, the child comes in contact with others because of which he gets many chances to express his ideas. The way in which he learns language, in the same way, he gets more chances to express his views. With help of language, he makes his social point of view.

With language only, he expresses his needs and problems. With language, he exchanges his ideas and relations with other people and he learns those rules which can run his life. With this, morality also develops in him. Language prepares him for different types of roles.

With language, he comes to know about the ideas of others and he also comes to know that what is his position in society. In this way, language helps a lot in the process of socialization. Language also helps in the development of personality. With the help of language, the child comes in contact with others and learns social rules, ideals, norms, relations, etc.