This PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 12th Class History Notes Chapter 12 Abdus Samad Khan, Zakariya Khan and Mir Mannu: Their Relations with the Sikhs
Abdus Samad Khan:
- Abdus Samad Khan was made the Governor of Lahore in 1713 A.D.
- He inflicted grave atrocities on the Sikhs.
- Pleased with him, the Mughal Emperor Farrukh Siyar honoured him with the title of word of the State’.
- To safeguard themselves against the Mughal atrocities, the Sikhs had organised themselves into Jathas.
- Despite his best efforts, Abdus Samad Khan failed to crush the power of the Sikhs.
- He was deposed in 1726 A.D.
Zakariya Khan:
- Zakariya Khan was appointed the Governor of Lahore in 1726 A.D.
- Hundreds of Sikhs began to be martyred every day at Delhi gate in Lahore.
- In 1726 A.D., Bhai Tara Singh Van along with 22 companions inflicted a heavy loss on the Mughal army.
- The Sikh Jathas adopted the guerilla warfare strategy and gave Zakariya Khan sleepless nights.
- In order to placate the Sikhs Zakariya Khan presented a Jagir worth 1 lakh rupees to Sardar Kapoor Singh, the Sikh leader, and bestowed upon him the title of Nawab.
- When the relations got strained again Zakariya Khan established his control over Harmandir Sahib.
- In 1738 A.D., Zakariya Khan got the Head Granthi of Harmandir Sahib i.e. Bhai Mani Singh Ji executed.
- In the same period, the executions of Bhai Bota Singh Ji, Bhai Mehtab Singh Ji, Bhai Sukha Singh Ji, Bal Haqiqat Rai Ji, and Bhai Taru Singh Ji infused a new vigour among the Sikhs.
- Consequently, the Sikhs did not let Zakariya Khan have any respite till his death.
- Zakariya Khan died on July 1, 1745 A.D.
Yahiya Khan:
- Yahiya became the Governor of Lahore in 1746 A.D.
- He took strict steps against the Sikhs.
- In May 1746 A.D., Yahiya Khan and Diwan Lakhpat Rai executed approximately 7,000 Sikhs at a place near Kahnuwan.
- This incident is often referred to as the First Holocaust.
- In 1747 A.D. Yahiya Khan’s younger brother Shah Nawaz Khan imprisoned him.
Mir Mannu:
- Mir Mannu was also known by the name of Muin-ul-Mulk.
- He was the Governor of Punjab from 1748 A.D. to 1753 A.D.
- He proved a worse foe of the Sikhs than his predecessors.
- In 1752, Mir Mannu was appointed the Governor of Punjab by Abdali.
- Despite his untiring efforts, Mir Mannu could not succeed in crushing the power of the Sikhs.
- He died in 1753 A.D.
Causes of failure of Mir Mannu:
- The Sikhs organised the Dal Khalsa.
- The Sikhs had firm determination, unlimited zeal, bravery, and a spirit of sacrifice for their Panth.
- The Sikhs used guerilla war tactics.
- Diwan Kaura Mai who was the adviser of Mir Mannu was compassionate towards his Sikhs.
- During his rule, Mir Mannu was surrounded by several problems pertaining to the state.