Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Religion Book Solutions Chapter 6 The Adi Granth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
PSEB Solutions for Class 12 Religion Chapter 6 The Adi Granth
Long Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Describe the Editorial Scheme of Sri Guru Granth Sahib adopted by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
Or
Discuss the Editing Art of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
Or
Who compiled, how compiled, when compiled and where was compiled Guru Granth Sahib? Discuss.
Or
Who and how did the editing work of Sri Guru Granth Sahib? Discuss.
Or
Give number of the Sikh Gurus whose composition are included in the Guru Granth Sahib. Write a note on the Editorial Scheme of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Examine critically the Editorial Scheme of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Discuss the history of Compilation and Editing Scheme of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Describe the Editing Art of Guru Arjan Dev Ji in the context of editing Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Write a note on the Editorial Scheme of Guru Arjan Dev on the basis of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Describe about the editing of Gurubani.
Or
Write a brief history of the compilation of the Guru Granth Sahib. Give the number of musical measures under which hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Write a brief history of the compilation of the Guru Granth Sahib. Give names of any five Bhaktas, whose hymns are included in the Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Throw light on the history of the compilation of the Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Sahib? What do you know about its editorial scheme?
Or
Guru Arjan Dev Ji made a significant contribution to the development of the Sikh faith by providing it with a scripture. Discuss.
Or
Write about the editorial scheme of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Write a brief history of the compilation of the Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Why was Adi Granth compiled? Also, explain its importance.
Or
Write a note on Guru Arjan Dev’s editing of the Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Throw light on the editorial scheme of Guru Granth Sahib.
Or
Discuss the contents of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
Or
Describe the compilation and editing Art of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
Answer:
The compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib in 1604 A.D. was undoubtedly the greatest achievement of Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Its main objective was to give a new direction not only to the Sikhs but to the entire humanity. Its compilation work was done by Bhai Gurdas Ji under the supervision of Guru Arjan Sahib. It includes the Bani of the first 5 Gurus, 15 Bhagats and Sufi Saints, 11 Bhatts and 4 devotees of the Guru’s house without any caste or religious discrimination.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji made the greatest contribution in the Bani of Adi Granth Sahib Ji. The Bani of Adi Granth Sahib has been divided according to 31 Ragas. The Bani is full of Shabads of admiration for God. It holds no place for vain customs and superstitions. The first illumination of
the Adi Granth Sahib was done in Amritsar on 16th August, 1604 A.D. and Baba Buddha Ji was appointed as its first Granthi. In 1706 A.D. Guru Gobind Singh Ji prepared the second edition of Adi Granth Sahib at Damdama Sahib. He included in it 116 Shabads and Salokas of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji. It was compiled by Bhai Mani Singh Ji under the supervision of Guru Gobind Singh Ji. Adi Granth Sahib, thus have the Banis of 37 great personalities. On 6th October, 1708 A.D. Guru Gobind Singh Ji honoured Adi Granth Sahib Ji with the name of Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
The Guru Granth Sahib Ji holds the same respect for the Sikhs, as does the Bible for the Christians, the Quran for the Muslims and Vedas and Gita for the Hindus. In reality, it is not just a sacred religious scripture of the Sikhs but is an invaluable heritage for the entire humanity.
I. Editiorial Scheme
1. Need for its Compilation : There were many reasons responsible for the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib. During the time of Guru Arjan Dev Ji, Sikhism was spreading very fast. It was essential to compile a religious scripture to guide them. Secondly, Prithia, Guru Arjan Dev Ji’s elder brother wanted to acquire the Gurgaddi. With this objective, he started propagating his own teachings in the name of the Bani of Guru Ji. Guru Arjan Sahib wanted to put the Bani in record in its pure form, so that the Sikhs had no doubt.
Thirdly, if the Sikhs wanted to establish their own independent state, it was essential for them to have their own religious scriptures. Fourthly, Guru Amar Das Ji also encouraged the Sikhs to read the divine Bani of Guru Sahib. Guru Sahib says in the Anand Sahib, Come, ye beloved disciples of the Guru, sing ye the true word. Sing ye the word of the Guru, which is the most sublime of all. They, on whom is the Lord’s Grace, cherish it in the mind.
So drink in ye the Lord’s Nectar and be ever imbued with His love and dwell on the lord the support of the earth. Says Nanak, “Sing ye ever the word of the True Guru.” Due to these reasons, Guru Arjan Dev Ji felt the need for the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib.
2, Collection of Hymns: Guru Arjan Dev Ji used various sources for writing the Bani. The Bani of the first three Gurus—Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Guru Angad Dev Ji and Guru Amar Das Ji was with the eldest son of Guru Amar Das Ji i.e. Baba Mohan Ji. To compile the Bani, Guru Arjan Dev Ji first sent Bhai Gurdas Ji and then Baba Buddha Ji to Baba Mohan Ji but they were not successful in their objective. After this, Guru Sahib himself went from Amritsar to Goindwal Sahib barefooted. Impressed by the humility of Guru Ji, Baba Mohan Ji gave away the entire Bani to Guru Ji.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji already had the Bani of Guru Ram Das Ji with him. Guru Sahib included his own Bani in it. After this Guru Sahib called upon the devotees of Hindu Bhagats and Muslim Saints and asked them to recite the hymns of their saints correctly. The hymns of only those Bhagats and Saints were included in the Guru Granth Sahib which were similar to the Bani of the Gurus. The works of Kahna, Chhajju, Shah Hussain and Pilu were rejected.
3. Compilation of Adi Granth Sahib : For the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib, Guru Arjan Sahib was on a look out for a silent and beautiful place towards the south of Amritsar. At this place Guru Sahib got the Ramsar tank built. Along the banks of this sarovar, under a pipal tree, the Guru Ji got a tent erected. Guru Arjan Dev Ji sat here to compile the work of Adi Granth Sahib.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji kept dictating the hymns and Bhai Gurdas Ji kept writing. This great work came to an end in August, 1604 A.D. The first illumination of Adi Granth Sahib Ji was done in Harmandir Sahib Ji in Amritsar and Baba Buddha Ji was appointed as its First Head Granthi.
4. Contributors in the Granth Sahib : The Adi Granth Sahib is a vast Granth. The contributors in the Granth Sahib can be divided into four classes :
(a) Sikh Gurus : The greatest contribution towards the Adi Granth Sahib Ji is made by the Sikh Gurus. It consists of 976 Sabads of Guru Nanak Dev Ji, 62 Sabads of Guru Angad Dev Ji, 907 Sabads of Guru Amar Das Ji, 679 Sabads of Guru Ram Das Ji and 2216 Sabads of Guru Arjan Dev Ji. Thereafter, during the time of Guru Gobind Singh Ji, 116 Sabads and Salokas of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji were included in it.
(b) Bhagats and Saints : Adi Granth Sahib Ji includes the Bani of 15 Hindu Bhagats and Saints. Important among these Bhagats and Saints are Bhagat Kabir Ji, Sheikh Farid Ji, Guru NamdevJi, Ravidas Ji, Bhagat Dhanna Ji, Bhagat Ramanand Ji and Bhagat Jaidev Ji. Of them all, the maximum number of Sabads, are those of Kabir Ji i.e. 541 Sabads. ‘
(c) Bhatts : The Adi Granth Sahib Ji has the hymns of 11 Bhatts. The total number of these hymns is 125. Some popular Bhatts are Nal, Bal, Jalap, Bhikha and Harbans.
(d) Others : Besides the above great personalities, the Ballads of Satta, Balwand, Mardana and Sunder are also included in the Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
5. Arrangement of the Matter : The Adi Granth Sahib Ji has a total of. 1430 pages. The hymns registered in it can be divided into three parts. The first part includes Japji Sahib, Rehras Sahib and Sohila. They are described in pages 1-13 of the Guru Granth Sahib. The second part which is called the main part of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji is divided into 31 parts on the basis of 31 Ragas.
One thing to take notice of is that the Ragas that represent extreme joy or extreme sorrow are not included in the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. Each Raga after the praise of God consists of the Shabads of first Guru, Guru Nanak Dev Ji and then the rest of the Gurus in chronological order.
Since the hymns of all the Gurus had the name of ‘Nanak’ in them hence to distinguish between the hymns of different Gurus, the Mahalas are used. The Bani of Guru Nanak Sahib comes under the first Mahala and we use the second Mahala with Guru Angad Sahib Ji.
In every Rag Mala, after the hymns of Guru Sahibs, the creations of Bhagats and Sufi Saints is given in chronological order. It is covered in pages from 14 to 1353. The third part includes the Sawaiyas and the Shalokas of the Sikh Gurus and Bhagats that cannot be further divided into Ragas. The Adi Granth Sahib ends with two Shalokas of the ‘Mundavani’. These Shalokas are recited by Guru Arjan Sahib. Here he gives the summary of Adi Granth Sahib Ji and thanks God. In the end, is the Antika under the title of‘Rag Mala’. The third part includes the pages 1354 to 1430 of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
| Japji Sahib | 1 – 8 |
| Rehras Sahib | 8 – 12 |
| Sohila | 12 – 13 |
| Sri-Rag | 14 – 93 |
| Majh | 94 – 150 |
| Guari | 151 – 346 |
| Asa | 347 – 488 |
| Gujri | 489 – 526 |
| Devgandhari | 527 – 536 |
| Bihagra | 537 – 556 |
| Wadahans | 557 – 594 |
| Sorath | 595 – 659 |
| Dhanasri | 660 – 695 |
| Jait Sri | 696 – 710 |
| Todi | 711 – 718 |
| Bairari | 719 – 720 |
| Tilang | 721 – 727 |
| Suhi | 728 – 794 |
| Bilaval | 795 – 858 |
| Gaund | 859 – 875 |
| Ramkali | 876 – 974 |
| Natnarain | 975 – 983 |
| Mah Gaura | 984 – 988 |
| Maru | 989 – 1106 |
| Tukhari | 1107 – 1117 |
| Kedara | 1118 – 1124 |
| Bhairav | 1125 – 1167 |
| Basant | 1168 – 1196 |
| Sarang | 1197 – 1253 |
| Malar | 1254 – 1293 |
| Kanra | 1294 – 1318 |
| Kalyan | 1319 – 1326 |
| Prabhati | 1327 – 1351 |
| Jaijawanti | 1352 – 1353 |
| S&ialoka Sahskriti | 1353 – 1360 |
| Gatha | 1360 – 1361 |
| Funhe | 1361 – 1363 |
| Chaubole | 1363 – 1364 |
| Shaloka Kabir | 1364 – 1377 |
| Shaloka Farid | 1377 – 1384 |
| Swaiyas Guru Aijan | 1385 – 1389 |
| Swaiyas Bhats | 1389 – 1409 |
| Shalokas Gurus | 1409 – 1426 |
| Shalokas Guru Tegh Bahadur | 1426 – 1429 |
| Mundavani | 1429 |
| Rag Mala | 1429 – 1430 |
6. Synthesis of Bani and Music: The Sikh Gurus had profound knowledge and taste for music. Rababi Mardana always accompanied Guru Nanak Sahib. Guru Aijan Sahib performed the kirtan using Saranda. He was well versed with music. He gave order to a major part of the Bani according to the Ragas during the compilation of Adi Granth Sahib. The Bani consists of 31 Ragas. 30 Ragas from Sri Raga to Prabhati Raga have been composed by Guru Aijan Dev Ji himself. The Bani of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji is composed in Jaijawanti Rag. It is quite significant to note that Ragas expressing deep sorrow or joy are not included in the Adi Granth Sahib.
7. Subject: The Adi Granth Sahib was written in the praise of God. It renders light on Jap, attainment of Sachch Khand and importance of Guru. It gives the message of welfare of mankind, unity of God and world peace. It does not mention the lives and miracles or any of the worldly associations of the Gurus. The subject matter of Guru Granth Sahib Ji is purely religious.
8. Language: The Adi Granth has been written in the Gurmukhi script. It makes use of the words from Punjabi, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Sanskrit and Persian languages spoken in 15th, 16th and 17th centuries. The hymns of the Gurus are in Punjabi while those of the other Bhagats and Sikh Saints are in other languages.
Significance of Adi Granth Sahib:
The Adi Granth Sahib is a unique religious scripture not only of the Sikhs but of j the entire world. The compilation of this scripture gave the golden principles of life to the Sikh community and also further consolidated it. The hymns of Guru Granth Sahib Ji gives the message of unity of God and brotherhood of mankind.
1. Importance for the Sikhs: The compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji is a great landmark in the history of the Sikhs. It provided the Sikhs with a unique religious scripture. The Hindu scriptures now held no importance for them. It initiated a feeling of a separate communal entity and they totally disintegrated from Hinduism. After Guru Gobind Singh Ji left for his heavenly abode, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji was considered as their Guru by the Sikhs.
These days each Gurdwara in the world has Guru Granth Sahib Ji installed at a higher platform wrapped in silk cloth under a canopy. All the Sikhs revere it and bow before it with great respect. All Sikh ceremonies right from birth till death are done in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. For the Sikhs, Guru Granth Sahib is not only a lighthouse but also the main source of inspiration for them. According to Dr. Wazir Singh, “The Adi Granth was indeed his most precious gift to the Sikh world.”
2. Message of Brotherhood: Adi Granth Sahib is the only sacred book of the world which contains hymns without any distinction on the basis of caste, colour or creed. By doing so Guru Arjan Dev Ji has given the message of brotherhood to all human beings. In the present age, when the feeling of communal harmony is disappearing and the whole world is overclouded with the fear of war, the importance of this Granth has increased to a great extent.
In the words of Dr. G.S. Mansukhani, “As long as mankind lives, it will derive peace, wisdom and inspiration from this scripture. It is a unique treasure, a noble heritage for the whole human race.”
3. Literary Importance: From the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib is a unique work. It occupies the highest place in Punjabi literature. It contains beautiful similies and embellishments. It has a form and finish not equalled by subsequent writers. Therefore, from the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib carries immense importance.
4. Historical Importance: No doubt Guru Granth Sahib is a religious scripture, yet it furnishes valuable information regarding the social, religious, political and economic life of 16th and 17th centuries. In the political sphere Guru Nanak Sahib has severely criticised the administrative system of the Lodi rulers. Ruling class had become barbarian. Qazi gave justice after taking bribe. The moral standard of Mughal rulers and other courtiers had touched its lowest ebb.
At the time of Babar’s invasion the people of Punjab were leading a miserable life which is described in Guru Nanak Sahib’s ‘Babar Bani.’ In social field women’s position was miserable. They occupied a very low place in the society. The evils of Sati and Purdah system had further worsened their lot. A widow was cursed by one and all. Hindu society was divided into a number of castes and sub-castes. People of higher castes were provided with special privileges. So they had become very haughty.
They treated very the people of low castes harshly. The spirit of both Hinduism and Islam was hidden beneath a mass of formalities and extraneous observances. Brahmans of the Hindu society and Mullas of the Muslim society were fleecing people in the name of religion. Being related to the ruling class the Muslims enjoyed all types of privileges while the Hindus were exploited in all possible ways.
Guru Granth Sahib also throws a good deal of light on the agriculture and trade and commerce in that period. According to Dr. AC. Bannerjee, “The Adi Granth is a rich mine of information on political, religious, social and economic conditions in the Punjab from the last years of the fifteenth to the beginning of the seventeenth century.”
5. Other Importances : Besides the above, there are several other importances of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji. It gives us direction to better our lives now and hereafter. Women who were treated like a shoe were given a new respect. Guru Nanak Sahib says, “Why belittle her who gives birth to Rajas?”
The Adi Granth vehemently opposed the prevalent superstitions in the society thus lending the human race a new direction. It also tells us that we should keep ourselves detached from the materialism of the world just as a dove keeps its wings dry while swiflalniifg in water. It instructs us to do kirtan, recite Nam and get baptised.
The music that accompanies the Bani has the capacity to take the human beings to mysterious heights. Nowhere else nor in any religion can we find such an example as of giving the’Guru Granth Sahib, the due respect of the Guru. To conclude it can be said that the Guru Granth Sahib instructs us righteously in all the spheres of life thereby showering his rich jewels in our lap. In the end, we agree with the words of Dr. H.R. Gupta, “The compilation of the Adi Granth formed an important landmark in the history of the Sikhs.”
Question 2.
Write a brief note on the contributors of Guru Granth Sahib prepared by Guru Arjan Dev.
Or
How many are the contributors of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji? Give description of them.
Answer:
No doubt Guru Granth Sahib is a religious scripture, yet it furnishes valuable information regarding the social, religious, political and economic life of 16th and 17th centuries. In the political sphere Guru Nanak Sahib has severely criticised the administrative system of the Lodi rulers. Ruling class had become barbarian. Qazi gave justice after taking bribe. The moral standard of Mughal rulers and other courtiers had touched its lowest ebb.
At the time of Babar’s invasion the people of Punjab were leading a miserable life which is described in Guru Nanak Sahib’s ‘Babar Bani.’ In social field women’s position was miserable. They occupied a very low place in the society. The evils of Sati and Purdah system had further worsened their lot. A widow was cursed by one and all. Hindu society was divided into a number of castes and sub-castes. People of higher castes were provided with special privileges. So they had become very haughty.
Question 3.
Sri Guru Granth Sahib is a sacred Granth of all common people. Discuss.
Answer:
The Adi Granth Sahib is a unique religious scripture not only of the Sikhs but of j the entire world. The compilation of this scripture gave the golden principles of life to the Sikh community and also further consolidated it. The hymns of Guru Granth Sahib Ji gives the message of unity of God and brotherhood of mankind.
1. Importance for the Sikhs : The compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji is a great landmark in the history of the Sikhs. It provided the Sikhs with a unique religious scripture. The Hindu scriptures now held no importance for them. It initiated a feeling of a separate communal entity and they totally disintegrated from Hinduism. After Guru Gobind Singh Ji left for his heavenly abode, the Guru Granth Sahib Ji was considered as their Guru by the Sikhs.
These days each Gurdwara in the world has Guru Granth Sahib Ji installed at a higher platform wrapped in silk cloth under a canopy. All the Sikhs revere it and bow before it with great respect. All Sikh ceremonies right from birth till death are done in the presence of the Guru Granth Sahib Ji. For the Sikhs, Guru Granth Sahib is not only a lighthouse but also the main source of inspiration for them. According to Dr. Wazir Singh, “The Adi Granth was indeed his most precious gift to the Sikh world.”
2. Message of Brotherhood : Adi Granth Sahib is the only sacred book of the world which contains hymns without any distinction on the basis of caste, colour or creed. By doing so Guru Arjan Dev Ji has given the message of brotherhood to all human beings. In the present age, when the feeling of communal harmony is disappearing and the whole world is overclouded with the fear of war, the importance of this Granth has increased to a great extent. In the words of Dr. G.S. Mansukhani, “As long as mankind lives, it will derive peace, wisdom and inspiration from this scripture. It is a unique treasure, a noble heritage for the whole human race.”
3. Literary Importance : From the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib is a unique work. It occupies the highest place in Punjabi literature. It contains beautiful similies and embellishments. It has a form and finish not equalled by subsequent writers. Therefore, from the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib carries immense importance.
4. Historical Importance : No doubt Guru Granth Sahib is a religious scripture, yet it furnishes valuable information regarding the social, religious, political and economic life of 16th and 17th centuries. In the political sphere Guru Nanak Sahib has severely criticised the administrative system of the Lodi rulers. Ruling class had become barbarian. Qazi gave justice after taking bribe. The moral standard of Mughal rulers and other courtiers had touched its lowest ebb. At the time of Babar’s invasion the people of Punjab were leading a miserable life which is described in Guru Nanak Sahib’s ‘Babar Bani.’ In social field women’s position was miserable.
They occupied a very low place in the society. The evils of Sati and Purdah system had further worsened their lot. A widow was cursed by one and all. Hindu society was divided into a number of castes and sub-castes. People of higher castes were provided with special privileges. So they had become very haughty.
They treated very the people of low castes harshly. The spirit of both Hinduism and Islam was hidden beneath a mass of formalities and extraneous observances. Brahmans of the Hindu society and Mullas of the Muslim society were fleecing people in the name of religion. Being related to the ruling class the Muslims enjoyed all types of privileges while the Hindus were exploited in all possible ways.
Guru Granth Sahib also throws a good deal of light on the agriculture and trade and commerce in that period. According to Dr. AC. Bannerjee, “The Adi Granth is a rich mine of information on political, religious, social and economic conditions in the Punjab from the last years of the fifteenth to the beginning of the seventeenth century.”
5. Other Importances: Besides the above, there are several other importances of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji. It gives us direction to better our lives now and hereafter. Women who were treated like a shoe were given a new respect. Guru Nanak Sahib says, “Why belittle her who gives birth to Rajas?” The Adi Granth vehemently opposed the prevalent superstitions in the society thus lending the human race a new direction. It also tells us that we should keep ourselves detached from the materialism of the world just as a dove keeps its wings dry while swiflalniifg in water. It instructs us to do kirtan, recite Nam and get baptised.
The music that accompanies the Bani has the capacity to take the human beings to mysterious heights. Nowhere else nor in any religion can we find such an example as of giving the’Guru Granth Sahib, the due respect of the Guru. To conclude it can be said that the Guru Granth Sahib instructs us righteously in all the spheres of life thereby showering his rich jewels in our lap. In the end, we agree with the words of Dr. H.R. Gupta, “The compilation of the Adi Granth formed an important landmark in the history of the Sikhs.”
Short Answer Type Questions (Type-1):
Question 1.
Write a note on the compilation and importance of Adi Granth Sahib (Guru Granth Sahib Ji).
Or
Write a note on Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
Answer:
The most important work during Guru Arjan DeV Ji’s pontificate was the compilation of Adi Granth Sahib. The objective was to compile the Bani of Gurus in one place. Guru Arjan Dev Ji initiated this great work at Ramsar. The Bani of the first five Guru Sahibs, Saints, and Bhagats was included in it. The job of writing Guru Granth Sahib was done by Bhai Gurdas Ji. This great work was completed in 1604 A.D. Later on, the Bani of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was also included in it. Adi Granth Sahib occupies a special place in the history of Sikhism.
Question 2.
Briefly explain the importance of Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
Or
What is the importance of Adi Granth Sahib Ji?
Answer:
No doubt Guru Granth Sahib is a religious scripture, yet it furnishes valuable information regarding the social, religious, political, and economic life of the 16th and 17th centuries. Guru Nanak Sahib gave a vivid account of the political condition o- that time in Babar Vani. In the social field, women’s position was miserable. The compilation of Adi Granth Sahib is a landmark in the history of the Sikhs. It gave the message of the universal brotherhood of mankind to the world.
Short Answer Type Questions (Type-2):
Question 1.
Write a note on the compilation and importance of Adi Granth Sahib Ji.
Answer:
The most important work during Guru Aijan Dev Ji’s pontificate was the compliation of Adi Granth Sahib. The objective was to compile the Bani of Gurus at one place and provide the Sikhs with a separate scripture. Guru Arjan Dev Ji initiated this great work at Ramsar. The Bani of Guru Nank Dev Ji, Guru Angad Dev Ji, Guru Amar Das Ji, Guru Ram Das Ji and Guru Aijan Dev Ji was included in it. Guru Aijan Dev Ji’s Sabads are maximum in number. Its number is 2216. Besides, Guru Aijan Dev Ji included the Bani of some other Saints and Bhagats. The job of writing Guru Granth Sahib was done by Bhai Gurdas Ji.
This great work was completed in 1604 A.D. Later on, the Bani of Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji was also included in it. The compilation of Adi Granth Sahib is a great landmark in Sikh history. With its compilation, the Sikhs got a separate scripture of their own. Guru Arjan Dev Ji set a new example by including the Bani written by people of various religions and castes. Adi Granth Sahib is the main source for our information regarding the political, social, religious and economic condition of people of Punjab in the 15th and 16th centuries. Moreover, Adi Granth Sahib is am invaluable treasure of India’s spirituality, culture, literature and languages.
Question 2.
What was the need of the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji?
Answer:
There were many reasons responsible for the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib. During the time of Guru Aijan Dev Ji, Sikhism was spreading very fast. It was essential to compile a religious scripture to guide them. Secondly, Prithia, Guru Aijan Dev Ji’s elder brother wanted to acquire the Gurgaddi. With this objective, he started propagating his own teachings in the name of the Bani of Guru Ji. Guru Aijan Sahib wanted to put the Bani in record in its pure form, so that the Sikhs had no doubt. Thirdly, if the Sikhs wanted to establish their own independent state, it was essential for them to have their own religious scriptures.
Fourthly, Guru Amar Das Ji also encouraged the Sikhs to read the divine Bani of Guru Sahib. Guru Sahib says in the Anand Sahib, Come, ye beloved disciples of the Guru, sing ye the true word. Sing ye the word of the Guru, which is the most sublime of all. They, on whom is the Lord’s Grace, cherish it in the mind. So drink in ye the Lord’s Nectar and be ever imbued with His love and dwell on the lord the support of the earth. Says Nanak, “Sing ye ever the word of the True Guru.” Due to these reasons, Guru Aijan Dev Ji felt the need for the compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib.
Question 3.
How were the hymns collected for Adi Granth Sahib Ji?
Or
Describe the compilation and editing of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji.
Or
How Guru Arjan Dev Ji edited Adi Granth Sahib? Discuss.
Or
Which sacred Granth was edited by Sri Guru Arjan Dev Ji? Discuss.
Answer:
Guru Arjan Dev Ji used various sources for writing the Bani. The Bani of the first three Gurus—Guru Nanak Dev Ji, Guru Angad Dev Ji and Guru Amar Das Ji was with the eldest son of Guru Amar Das Ji i.e. Baba Mohan Ji. To compile the Bani, Guru Arjan Dev Ji first sent Bhai Gurdas Ji and then Baba Buddha Ji to Baba Mohan Ji but they were not successful in their objective. After this, Guru Sahib himself went from Amritsar to Goindwal Sahib barefooted. Impressed by the humility of Guru Ji, Baba Mohan Ji gave away the entire Bani to Guru Ji.
Guru Arjan Dev Ji already had the Bani of Guru Ram Das Ji with him. Guru Sahib included his own Bani in it. After this Guru Sahib called upon the devotees of Hindu Bhagats and Muslim Saints and asked them to recite the hymns of their saints correctly. The hymns of only those Bhagats and Saints were included in the Guru Granth Sahib which were similar to the Bani of the Gurus. The works of Kahna, Chhajju, Shah Hussain and Pilu were rejected.
Question 4.
What do you know about the importance of Adi Granth Sahib Ji?
Answer:
1. Importance for the Sikhs : The compilation of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji is a great landmark in the history of the Sikhs. It provided the Sikhs with a unique religious scripture. The Hindu scriptures now held no importance for them. It initiated a feeling of a separate communal entity and they totally disintegrated from Hinduism.
2. Message of Brotherhood : Adi Granth Sahib is the only sacred book of the world which contains hymns without any distinction on the basis of caste, colour or creed. By doing so Guru Arjan Dev Ji has given the message of brotherhood to all human beings.
3. Literary Importance : From the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib is a unique work. It occupies the highest place in Punjabi literature. It contains beautiful similies and embellishments. It has a form and finish not equalled by subsequent writers. Therefore, from the literary point of view Guru Granth Sahib carries immense importance.
4. Historical Importance : No doubt Guru Granth Sahib is a religious scripture, yet it furnishes valuable information regarding the social, religious, political and economic life of 16th and 17th centuries.
5. Other Importances : Besides the above, there are several other importances of the Adi Granth Sahib Ji. It gives us direction to better our lives now and hereafter. Women who were treated like a shoe were given a new respect. Guru Nanak Sahib says, “Why belittle her who gives birth to Rajas?” The Adi Granth vehemently opposed the prevalent superstitions in the society thus lending the human race a new direction.
Answer in One Word to One Sentence:
Question 1.
Why was the Adi Granth compiled? Give one reason.
Answer:
Compilation was essential to guide the Sikhs.
Question 2.
From whom did the hymns of First three Gurus collected by Guru Arjan Dev Ji?
Answer:
Baba Mohan Ji.
Question 3.
Who was Baba Mohan Ji?
Answer:
The eldest son of Guru Amar Das Ji.
Question 4.
When and by whom was the Adi Granth compiled?
Or
When and by whom did the first compilation of Guru Granth Sahib takes place?
Or
By which Guru Sahib, Guru Granth Sahib was compiled?
Answer:
The Adi Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Aijan Dev Ji in 1604 A.D.
Question 5. In which year and at what place was Guru Granth Sahib compiled?
Answer:
Guru Granth Sahib was compiled in 1604 A.D. at Ramsar.
Question 6.
Whom did Guru Arjan Dev Ji appoint to write the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
Bhai Gurdas Ji.
Question 7.
Who was the first editor of Guru Granth Sahib?
Answer:
Guru Aijan Dev Ji was the first editor of Guru Granth Sahib.
Question 8.
Who compiled the First ‘Bir’ and where?
Answer:
Guru Aijan Dev Ji compiled the First ‘Bir’ at Ramsar.
Question 9.
In which year and at what place was the First Bir compiled?
Answer:
The First Bir was compiled in 1604 A.D. at Ramsar.
Question 10.
When and where was Second ‘Bir’ compiled?
Answer:
The Second Bir was compiled by Guru Gobind Singh Ji at a place called Damdama Sahib.
Question 11.
Who was writer of Second ‘Bir’?
Answer:
Bhai Mani Singh Ji.
Question 12.
Where was first illumination of the Adi Granth Sahib done?
Answer:
At Harmandir Sahib Ji in Amritsar.
Question 13.
When was first illumination of the Adi Granth Sahib was done?
Or
In which year First Parkash of Sri Guru Granth Sahib Ji took place?
Answer:
The first illumination of the Adi Granth Sahib was done on 16th Aug. 1604 A.D.
Question 14.
Who was the First Head Granthi of Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar?
Answer:
The First Head Granthi of Harmandir Sahib, Amritsar was Baba Buddha Ji.
Question 15.
How many great people contributed to the Guru Granth Sahib?
Or
Who was contributors towards the Guru Granth Sahib?
Or
How many composers of Bani are there in Guru Granth Sahib?
Question 16.
The Bani of how many Sikh Gurus have been incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib?
Answer:
6 Gurus.
Question 17.
Name the Sikh Gurus whose Bani has been incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
- Guru Nanak Dev Ji,
- Guru Angad Dev Ji,
- Guru Amar Das Ji,
- Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
Question 18.
How many Sabads of Guru Nanak Dev Ji are there in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
976 Sabads.
Question 19.
Whose Shabads are incorporated the maximum in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
Question 20.
How many Shabads of Guru Arjan Dev Ji are included in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
2216 Shabads.
Question 21.
The Bani of how many Bhagats have been incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
The Bani of 15 Bhagats has been incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Question 22.
Of all the Bhagats, whose Bani has been incorporated in Guru Granth Sahib? Name any four.
Answer:
- Bhagat Kabir Ji,
- Bhagat Farid Ji,
- Bhagat Namdev Ji,
- Guru Ravidas Ji.
Question 23.
Which Bhagat has contributed maximum Shabads to the Adi Granth Sahib?
Or
In Sri Guru Granth Sahib which Bahgat-Bani is included most.
Answer:
Bhagat Kabir Ji.
Question 24.
How many Shabads of Kabir Ji are there in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
541 Shabads.
Question 25.
The Bani of how many Bhatts has been incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
The Bani of 11 Bhatts.
Question 26.
Whose Bani has not been included in the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
- Kanha,
- Chhajju,
- Shah Hussain,
- Pilu.
Question 27.
How many pages are there in Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
The Adi Granth Sahib contains a total of 1430 pages.
Question 28.
Give the total number of Ragas used in Guru Granth Sahib.
Answer:
31 Ragas.
Question 29.
Name any two Ragas used in the Guru Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Ramkali and Basant.
Question 30.
With which composition does the Guru Granth Sahib begin?
Answer:
The Mul Mantra is at the beginning of the Guru Granth Sahib.
Question 31.
Who is the composer of Japji Sahib?
Answer:
Guru Nanak Dev Ji.
Question 32.
Who was composer of Sukhmani Sahib?
Answer:
Guru Arjan Dev Ji was composer of Sukhmani Sahib.
Question 33.
What is main subject of the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
The main subject of the Adi Granth Sahib is the devotion towards the Absolute.
Question 34.
Which is the script of the Adi Granth Sahib?
Answer:
Gurmukhi is the script of the Adi Granth Sahib.
Question 35.
Name two languages whose Salads are contributed in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
- Punjabi,
- Persian.
Question 36.
Name the main religious book of the Sikhs.
Answer:
The name of the main religious book of the Sikhs is the Adi Granth Sahib or Guru Granth Sahib.
Question 37.
Who gave Guru Granth Sahib the position of Guru in Sikhism?
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh Ji gave Guru Granth Sahib the position of Guru in Sikhism.
Question 38.
Who gave the Guru Granth Sahib its position and when?
Answer:
The Adi Granth Sahib was given the position of Guru on 6th Oct., 1708 A.D. by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Question 39.
Give anyone importance of the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Adi Granth Sahib gave the message of unity of the whole mankind.
Fill in the Blanks:
1. Adi Granth Sahib was compiled in ……………
Answer:
1604 A.D.
2. Adi Granth Sahib was compiled by ……………..
Answer:
Guru Arjan Dev Ji.
3. Adi Granth Sahib was written at ………………
Answer:
Ramsar.
4. Adi Granth Sahib was written by ……………..
Answer:
Bhai Gurdas Ji.
5. The first illumination of Adi Granth Sahib was done at ……………….
Answer:
Harmandir Sahib.
6. ……………. was the first Head Granthi.
Answer:
Baba Buddha Ji.
7. ……………. compiled the second Bir of Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
8. ……………. gave the the position of Guru to Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Guru Gobind Sahib Ji.
9. Adi Granth Sahib contains the Bani of ………….. great people.
Answer:
36.
10. ……………. Shabads of Guru Nanak Dev Ji are present in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
976.
11. The maximum Shabads of …………….. are incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Guru Aijan Dev Ji.
12. Bani of ……………… Bhagats have been incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
15.
13. …………….. Shabads of Kabir are given in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
541.
14. The Adi Granth Sahib has a total of …………… pages.
Answer:
1430.
15. Bani of Adi Granth Sahib is divided into ……………. Ragas.
Answer:
31.
16. ……………….. is the script of Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
Gurmukhi.
True Or False:
1. Adi Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Ramdas Ji.
Answer:
False
2. Adi Granth Sahib was compiled in 1675 A.D.
Answer:
False
3. Bhai Gurdas Ji did the work of writing Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
True
4. The first illumination of Adi Granth Sahib was done at Anandpur Sahib.
Answer:
False
5. Baba Buddha Ji was the first Head granthi of the Harmandir Sahib.
Answer:
True
6. The Second Bir of Adi Granth Sahib was compiled by Guru Gobind Singh Ji.
Answer:
True
7. 36 great persons contributed to the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
True
8. The largest number of Shabads of Guru Nanak Dev Ji were in the Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
False
9. Adi Granth Sahib contains the Banis of the Six Sikh Gurus.
Answer:
True
10. The Bani of five Hindu Bhagats and Muslim Saints is included in Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
False
11. 541 Shabads of Kabir are present in Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
True
12. The Bani of 11 Bhatts have been included in Adi Granth Sahib.
Answer:
True
13. Adi Granth Sahib has total of 1420 pages.
Answer:
False
14. The Bani of Adi Granth Sahib is divided according to 31 Ragas.
Answer:
True
15. Adi Granth Sahib is written in Gurmukhi.
Answer:
True
16. Adi Granth Sahib gives us historical knowledge.
Answer:
True
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Who compiled the Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) Guru Nanak Dev Ji
(b) Guru Amar Das Ji
(c) Guru Arjan Dev Ji
(d) Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
Answer:
(c) Guru Arjan Dev Ji
2. When was the Adi Granth Sahib compiled?
(a) 1604 A.D.
(b) 1605 A.D.
(c) 1606 A.D.
(d) 1675 A.D.
Answer:
(a) 1604 A.D.
3. Where was the Adi Granth Sahib compiled?
(a) Gangsar
(b) Ramsar
(c) Kartarpur
(d) Kiratpur
Answer:
(b) Ramsar
4. Who of the following helped Guru Arjan Dev Ji during the compilation of Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) Baba Buddha Ji
(b) Bhai Mani Singh Ji
(c) Bhai Gurdas Ji
(d) Bhai Deep Singh Ji
Answer:
(c) Bhai Gurdas Ji
5. Where was the first illumination of Adi Granth Sahib done?
(a) Harmandir Sahib
(b) Nankana Sahib
(c) Anandpur Sahib
(d) Punja Sahib
Answer:
(a) Harmandir Sahib
6. Who was the first head Granthi of Harmandir Sahib?
(a) Bhai Gurdas Ji
(b) Baba Buddha Ji
(c) Syfu Saint Mian Mir Ji
(d) Bhai Mani Singh Ji
Answer:
(b) Baba Buddha Ji
7. The Bani of how many Sikh Gurus have been incorporated in the Guru Granth Sahib?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 8
(d) 10
Answer:
(b) 6
8. How many shabads of Guru Aijan Dev Ji are incorporated in the Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) 689
(b) 907
(c) 976
(d) 2216
Answer:
(d) 2216
9. Which of the following Bhagats has contributed maximum shabads to the Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) Farid Ji
(b) Namdev Ji
(c) Kabir Ji
(d) Ravidas Ji
Answer:
(c) Kabir Ji
10. In how many Ragas the Bani of Adi Granth has been divided?
(a) 11
(b) 21
(c) 30
(d) 31.
Answer:
(d) 31
11. What is the total number of pages of the Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) 1405
(b) 1420
(c) 1430
(d) 1440
Answer:
(c) 1430
12. Who gave the Adi Granth Sahib the position of Guru Granth Sahib?
(a) Guru Nanak Dev Ji
(b) Guru Aijan Dev Ji
(c) Guru Tegh Bahadur Ji
(d) Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Answer:
(d) Guru Gobind Singh Ji
13. When was the Adi Granth Sahib given the status of Guru Granth Sahib?
(a) 1604 A.D.
(b) 1675 A.D.
(c) 1705 A.D.
(d) 1708 A.D.
Answer:
(d) 1708 A.D.
14. Who wrote the Second Bir of Adi Granth Sahib?
(a) Bhai Gurdas Ji
(b) Bhai Mani Singh Ji
(c) Baba Buddha Ji
(d) Guru Gobind Singh Ji
Answer:
(b) Bhai Mani Singh Ji
15. In which language was the Adi Granth Sahib written?
(a) Gurmukhi
(b) Hindi
(c) English
(d) Sanskrit
Answer:
(a) Gurmukhi