Punjab State Board PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 12 Social Issues: Old Age and Disability Important Questions and Answers.
PSEB 12th Class Sociology Important Questions Chapter 12 Social Issues: Old Age and Disability
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. In 2021, the number of elders in India will be
(a) 140 million
(b) 150 million
(c) 160 million
(d) 170 million
Answer:
(a) 140 million
2. In 2001, how many elders were there in India?
(a) 80 million
(b) 77 million
(c) 83 million
(d) 86 million
Answer:
(b) 77 million
3. In the Indian Census Survey, who is considered as an elder?
(a) 58 years
(b) 65 years
(c) 60 years
(d) 63 years
Answer:
(c) 60 years
4. Which of these is the sign of old age?
(a) Tooth decay
(b) Baldness
(c) Grey hair
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
5. Which science studies the process of old age?
(a) Gerontology
(b) Dermitology
(c) Physiology
(d) Botany
Answer:
(a) Gerontology
6. Which of these problems is faced by the old age people?
(a) Economic insecurity
(b) Deteriorating health
(c) Change in Roles
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these
Fill in the Blanks:
1. ………………. is a natural stage of human life which is bound to come.
Answer:
Old age
2. In 1947, around ……………… crore people were elders.
Answer:
1.9
3. According to United Nations, the world population till 2050 will be ……………….
Answer:
910 crore
4. Maintenance and Welfare of Parents and Senior Citizens Act was passed in ………………. A.D.
Answer:
2007
5. According to 6th All India Educational Survey, around …………………. crore children need special education.
Answer:
two
True/False:
1. The age of retirement in India is 70 years.
Answer:
True
2. The colour of elders changes into black.
Answer:
False
3. There is tooth decay in old age.
Answer:
True
4. There is a provision of reservation in government jobs for disable persons.
Answer:
True
5. Old age people are given a pension of? 5000 per month.
Answer:
False
One Word/One Line Questions Answers:
Question 1.
What is the population of the world?
Answer:
The world’s population is 650 crores.
Question 2.
According to United Nations, in 2050, what would be world’s population?
Answer:
It will be 910 crores in 2050.
Question 3.
In 2021, what would be the population of old age people?
Answer:
It will be around 121 million.
Question 4.
Who is considered as an elder in India?
Answer:
One who is having age of 60 years or more.
Question 5.
Give few signs of old age.
Answer:
Tooth decay, baldness, grey hair, hearing and viewing problems etc.
Question 6.
What do we call to the study of the process of ageing?
Answer:
We call it Gerontology.
Question 7.
What was the major issue in Hindi movie Piku?
Answer:
Major issue in Piku was the mutual relation between an aged father and his daughter in which father was completely dependent on his daughter.
Question 8.
What is the impact of ageing on health?
Answer:
With ageing, body becomes physically and mentally weak.
Question 9.
When was ‘The Rehabilitation Council Act’ passed?
Answer:
It was passed in 1992.
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
What is meant by Gerontology?
Answer:
Gerontology is a type of science which studies the process of ageing and studies the problems faced by the old age people. Gerontologist studies age, increasing age and the process of ageing.
Question 2.
Activity theory of ageing.
Answer:
Activity theory of ageing says that to remairi happy in old age, one must remain active. This theory says that is the existing roles and rules stops functioning, they must be replaced because with the decline in activity level, the level of satisfaction will also come down.
Question 3.
Problems of old age.
Answer:
- In old age, one becomes physically and psychologically weak.
- Economically he depends upon children and becomes economically insecure.
- Old people are not ready to adapt the changing conditions of life.
Question 4.
Old age homes.
Answer:
Many people are unable to maintain balance with their parents and throw them out of their homes. For such elders, government has made old age homes so that they can in peace in the last stage of their life. Here, every type of care is taken about their needs.
Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Causes of Problem of Aged.
Answer:
- The importance and respect of the elders have been decreased due to the decreasing effect of the caste system and that’s why they have to face many types of problems.
- Due to the development of technology, the importance of the art of elders has been decreased because of which they have to face many types of problems.
- People are leaving their houses and villages and are moving towards cities due to the spread of education and the problems of elders start from here.
- People use the whole of their savings to give a better future to their children because of which they have to face many economic problems.
Question 2.
Status of Aged in Ancient times.
Answer:
Status of the aged in ancient India was very good. Patriarchal and joint families were there because of which control of the family was in the hands of elders. Wealth and property of the family was under their control. They had complete knowledge related to art and occupation. They were getting full respect in the family. They used to take all the decisions of the family and no one was going against their wishes. In this way the status of the elders was very good.
Question 3.
Problems which come in old age.
Answer:
- In old age people suffer from diseases like blood pressure, sugar, heart problem etc.
- People spend whole of their saving in giving a better future to their children because of which they have to face many economic problems in old age.
- If elders are dependent upon their children then they have to obey their children because of which many times they are disrespected by their children.
Question 4.
Problem of aged related to health.
Answer:
Persons work for the whole life with great heart. When he becomes old his body hardly responds. He suffers from many diseases like sugar, blood pressure. He is unable to do anything. In this way health related problems are very important for elders.
Question 5.
Old age Homes.
Answer:
If the children of an aged person throw him out of the house he is left with no option except to live in old age homes. In this way old age homes are those houses where those elders are living who are unable to live with their family members. Elders are properly cared in these homes. They are given complete security and shelter ‘in these homes. In this way those aged who are unable to live with their children, they have to live in old age homes. Many old age homes are running in big cities.
Question 6.
Generation Gap.
Answer:
The difference between ideals, rules, ways of behaviour etc. of persons of two generations is known as the generation gap. Actually the old generation expects from the young generation that they must live their lives according to them. But young generation is having its own rules, ideals, ways of behaviour etc. and they never let any one to interfere in their lives. This leads to conflict between the both generations which is known as the generation gap.
Long Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
What do you know about the Problems of the Aged?
Answer:
If we look at the Indian population before Indian independence then we will come to know that the rate of life expectancy before independence was around 31 years. It means that person who is born in India lives around 31 years of average. But after independence and after the opening up of health facilities like hospitals, dispensaries etc. the average life expectancy has been increased and has reached to the age of 62 years. It means that within 50 years the life expectancy in India has doubled. Many changes have come in the life of the people after the start of 20th century. First and the most important change which has come is that the average life of the person has been increased. Generally it has been said that the person whose age is more then 60 years or who has been retired from his job has become an aged person or old person. The number of aged persons have also increased with the increase in average age.
This increasing numbers of aged is becoming a challenge for the country. In earlier times every member of the family was coming to the end. It hardly matters that whether he was a child or an aged. If any person was becoming an aged then he was completely taken care by the family. But now people hardly take care of the aged due to the changes which came in the institution of the family, westernization and modernization. They are either not cared by their children or they are sent to old aged homes by their children. This is the biggest problem of the aged.
Generally it has been believed that the problems of a person increases with his increase in age. Rosow says that yet aged people have many problems but one can take them in health, social and financial problems. Person’s utility, in modern age, can be seen on the basis of economic basis and aged people are not considered as useful. Situation of the aged further deteriorates due to technical progress and social change. Problems of the aged has been increased to a great extent due to the increasing number of people of the’ age of 60 years in last few decades. These days aged people have to face many types of social, economic and psychological problems. Even aged people of rural and urban areas have to face the problem of spending their leisure time.
After looking at this we should treat the aged people like humans and should be kept one thing in mind that these people also have their needs and wishes That’s why we should look at their needs from their point of view so that we should be able to understand them and should fulfil their needs.
Historical Perspective:
If we look at the status of the aged people in ancient Indian Society then their position was very good. People in ancient societies were living in the groups of hunters and food gatherers. Aged people were specialized in doing every type of activity. They were considered as very important. Aged, people in ancient societies were given very much importance. Status of the aged people was very powerful in social, religious and political sphere. One scholar has analysed many ancient societies and said that the behaviour, traditions and customs were running according to aged people in ancient societies which was very particular from cultural point of view.
Aged people in ancient Hebru society were considered as the gift of the God. Importance of the aged people in pre industrial societies was considered till that time until they would be able to contribute towards society. Every type of power of society was in their hands and they were given enough security in the society. When they were unable to contribute towards society then they used to retire from their duties. Control of the family was then generally given to the elder son of the family. Because they were elders and had done a lot for the society and family, that’s why they were given enough security from the family. They were the main sources of cultural knowledge.
In Rome, aged people were seen from negative point of view. Due to their more age they were considered as wicked. But some of them were made guardians of small hildren of rich families. Their work was to take the children to school and to bring lem back safely. But elder people in Rome’s history were seen in the negative form.
Question 2.
Explain the status of aged in India.
Answer:
Status of the aged people in ancient Indian society was very good. Aged person was the head of the family and family and property were both in his complete control. He was given the great respect in society and his status was higher than all. At that time it was said that experience of person increases with the increase in age and they give this experience to their next generation. With the passage of time Arya people came to India and they divided the Indian society in four Varnas. Age of the person was considered as 100 years and it was divided in the four ashramas of 25-25 years.
These 4 ashramas were given the names of Brahmacharya, Grihastha, Vaan Prastha and Sanyasa ashrama’s. Person was getting education in first ashram and he was establishing his house after marriage in second ashrama. He had to pay the three debts of life i.e. Dena Rina, Pitri Rina and Rishi Rina. During this time, it was expected from young generation that they should take care of elder people in grihastha ashram. Aged persons were given the security through this ashrama system and all the functions of family and society were being done by aged people.
Persons in the age group of 50 years used to move towards forests in vaan prastha ashram by giving everything in the hands of their children. But many a times they used to come back to their homed to give advice on any matter to their children. That’s why they were given enough respect in the society. With the passage of time, this system was changed but the status of aged people remained as it is Actual change in the status of women came after the advent of the Britishers.
The Britishers started to win over India and with this they started to bring social change in India. They adapted a new judicial and educational system with whirl changes came in ancient relations. Young generation started to live away from their elders due to new educational institutions and industries. People started to move from rural areas to urban areas with which a danger came on the existence of ancient and joint families. When people started to move towards urban areas then they started to live in nuclear families because of which they were unable to take care of elder people. New social structure, values, social and political system and new social processes started to come forward. All these have brought some changes in socio¬economic system of society which are given below:
- In earlier times production was being done at home but now production is being done in factories because of which now family is no more remains as a centre of economic production.
- People started to move from rural areas to urban areas in the search of employment especially the people of young age.
- When people started to move away from rural areas to urban areas then join! families were disintegrated and nuclear families came into being.
- Very big organizations and new occupations came into being in cities with this the importance of art of occupation, given by elders, was reduced. Importance of knowledge of elders was reduced due to the advancement of new type of knowledge of different occupations.
- Due to industries, work started to be done on machines. With this one danger started to occur for person and that danger was to be retire from the job. Now the role of the elders remain without any role.
- Facilities of health were increased due to industrialization and new invention with which death rate was reduced very quickly. Average age was increased very quickly and the number of elder people in total population were increased.
At this moment new problem were started for elders like old age, problem of retirement, problem of health, problem of loneliness. When young generation had left their villages then in the start they were sending money to their villages and even going back to the villages to meet them. But slowly and slowly this was also reduced and the problems of the aged were further increased. Even elders were called as a problem. Loneliness, inability, economic dependence are these problems which are seen as the problems of elders in society.
In 1931 or before independence the average age in India was 31 years but after independence most of the evil diseases or serious diseases were kept under control. Average age in 2011 was increase up to 66 year due to health facilities. In this way number of elders were increased due to increase in age and their problems were also increased due to this. Views of the people were also changed due to industrialization, westernization and modernization because of which the rude behaviour towards elders was also increased. Attack towards elders is also included in rude behaviour.
Giving sanction to the problem of rude behaviour towards elders and to find misbehaviour is not an easy work. If any elder is not doing anything then he generally lives in the house. They depend upon their family. Here one thing is important that elders never like to talk to anyone about rude behaviour towards them. If any one comes to know about this even then they never accept this thing. They think that their own children are misbehaving them it hardly matters. Many elders are afraid of the fact that if they would be left by their children with then what would happen lo them, he will remain alone. That’s why they don’t like to talk with any one about the rude behaviour of their children. Elders never like to live in any old age home. They like to live with their children because they don’t have any other option without this.
Quantity of Misbehaviour. If we will do research on the rude behaviour over the elders then the very wrong results will come in front of us because we will not be able to get the required data. It’s reason is that the aged people will not talk with anyone regarding this. According to one research 4 out of 100 aged persons are misbehaved and out of 100, 3 have to face physical violence. Not only this females are more misbehaved as compared to males. Here one thing should be kept in mind that boys misbehave more with their parent as compared to girls even they have to face violence also. Girls are doing less violence with their parents. This problem is going on all over the place. Yet any research on national level has not taken place but some researchers have tried to do so but all of them are unable to tell us that how much serious this problem is? But on the basis of newspapers and reports we caii say that this problem is very serious.