This PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 7 Westernisation and Sanskritisation will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 12th Class Sociology Notes Chapter 7 Westernisation and Sanskritisation
Reference Group:
- That group according to which an individual moulds hip behaviour, ways of living, eating, etc.
Twice Born (Dwija):
- The first three castes of Hindu society are known as Dwija or Twice-born castes.
- They’ll have to perform a thread ceremony or Janeu Samskai.
Vertical Social Mobility:
- Vertical social mobility is the movement of an individual or group from one status to another.
- It includes a change in class, occupation, and status.
Hierarchy:
- The system of status in the group in which positions of individuals are defined.
→ Culture is not born out of anything but is a learned behavior.
→ Westernization and Sanskritization are the two cultural processes that greatly affect Indian society.
→ The concept of westernization was given by M.N. Srinivas.
→ According to him, westernization is a process that greatly brought changes in different fields such as technology, institutions, ideology, values, etc. during the last 150 years.
→ The process of westernization was not confined only to a particular section of society.
→ Those who took western education and started doing government jobs were greatly affected by the process.
→ Many social reformers played a very important role in increasing the process of westernization.
→ For example, Raja Ram Mofian Roy and other reformers began many reform movements and brought changes in society.
→ Westernization had a great effect on Indian society such as the decline in caste-based distinctions, increase in education, changes in Ways of living arid eating, development of means of transport and communication, change in the status of women, etc.
→ The process of Sanskritization is attached to the caste system and the concept is given by M.N. Srinivas.
→ According to him, when lower caste people try to adopt the living and try to change their caste, this process is known as Sanskritization.
→ Instead of using the word Brahminisation, Srinivas used the word Sanskritizatioii as it is not necessary that the caste which is imitated is only a Brahmin caste. It can be Kshatriya or Vaishya.
→ Another concept that comes forward in rural areas is the dominant caste.
→ According to Srinivas, the dominant caste is that which has more land in the village, whose population is more and which keeps the higher place in the local hierarchy.