Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 12 The Creation of an Empire – The Mughal Empire Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science History Chapter 12 Monumental Architecture
SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Monumental Architecture Textbook Questions and Answers
I. Answer the following questions :
Question 1.
Which are the main temples of Northern India?
Answer:
During the period of 800-1200 A.D., a number of temples were built in North India. The Vishnu temple at Jagannath Puri, Lingaraj temple at Bhubaneswar, the Sun temple at Konark, the Mahadeva at Khajuraho in Bundelkhand, Tejpal temple at Mount Abu, are the important temples of North India.
Question 2.
Describe the main features of Indian-Muslim architecture?
Answer:
The main features are as follows :
- This style was the remix of Turk, Afghan and Indian style.
- Many mosques and tombs were built in this style. Pillars, minarets, and domes are the main features of this style.
- On the walls of these buildings, writings have been done taken from the holy ‘Quran’.
- On the ‘Allai Darwaza’ which was built in the period of Alauddin Khalji, red stone and white marble has been used.
- In many buildings pillars have been used.
Question 3.
Which are the temples of the Southern India?
Answer:
- Raj Rajeshwar Temple built by Chola King Rajraja.
- Gangaikondcholpuram temple built by the Chola king Rajendra I.
- The Kailash Temple in Ellora built by Rashtrakuta rulers.
- Brihadeshwara Temple in Tanjavur.
Question 4.
Why Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan is calledi the ‘Prince of Builders’?
Answer:
Shah Jahan was very fond of building structures. All the buildings built by him have a special place from the viewpoint of art and beauty. In Agra he built Jahangir Mahal, Rani Jodhabai palace, Moti Masjid of Red Fort and Taj Mahal, etc. Taj Mahal is one of the most beautiful buildings of the world and is on the bank of river Yamuna. He built the Red Fort where he built many buildings like Diwan-i-Aam, Diwan-i-Khas, Moti Masjid, etc. Besides, he also built a throne for himself which was studded with diamonds and is known as Takht-e-Taus. Because of all these features, he is called the ‘Prince of Architecture’.
II. Fill in the blanks :
Question 1.
The Qutab Minar was completed by _________
Answer:
Qutab-ud-din Aibak/Iltutmish
Question 2.
_________ near Agra, was built by Akbar as his new capital.
Answer:
Fatehpur Sikri
Question 3.
The Buland Darwaja is situated in _________
Answer:
Fatehpur Sikri
Question 4.
Taj Mahal was built by in the memory of _________
Answer:
Shah Jahan/Mumtaz Mahal
Question 5.
Jahangir built _________
Answer:
Akbar’s Tomb in Sikandra.
III. Write True or False for each statement:
Question 1.
Turks and Afghans introduced new styles and techniques of architecture in India.
Answer:
True
Question 2.
The temples at Khajuraho were built by the rulers of the Chandella dynasty.
Answer:
True
Question 3.
Ala-ud-din Khalji built a new capital at Siri.
Answer:
False
Question 4.
Muhammad Tughlaq built Tughlaqabad.
Answer:
False
Question 5.
The Dravidian style of architecture was used in the Chola temples.
Answer:
True
IV. Activities
Question 1.
Collect pictures of the monumental architecture of the Mughal period and paste them in your notebook.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
Question 2.
Draw the Taj Mahal.
Answer:
Do it yourself.
PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Monumental Architecture Important Questions and Answers
Multiple Choice Questions
Question 1.
A Style of architecture in which roofs, doors and windows made by placing a horizontal beam across two vertical columns was known as
(a) Trabeate
(b) Superstructure
(c) Substructure
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Trabeate.
Question 2.
_________ were attached to the teinples, mosques, tombs and in buildings between 8th and 13th centuries.
(a) Substructures
(b) Baolis
(c) Gardens
(d) Chahar Bagh.
Answer:
(b) Baolis.
Question 3.
Who constructed Kandariya Mahadeva Temple?
(a) Rajarajadeva King
(b) King Srimara Shrivallabha
(c) King Dhangadeva
(d) King Sena-I.
Answer:
(c) King Dhangadeva.
Question 4.
Who destroyed the temple of Somnath?
(a) Muhammad Ghori
(b) Mahmud Ghaznavi
(c) Sena-I
(d) Sena-II.
Answer:
(b) Mahmud Ghaznavi.
Question 5.
Which of these Mughal emperor was personally interested in art and architecture?
(a) Akbar
(b) Jahangir
(c) Shahjahan
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.
Question 6.
Who was a great lover of construction of buildings?
(a) Shahjahan
(b) Mahmud Ghaznavi
(c) Babur
(d) Humayun.
Answer:
(a) Shahjahan.
Question 7.
Who built the Taj Mahal?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Jahangir.
Answer:
(c) Shahjahan.
Question 8.
Who described his interest in planning and laying out formal gardens, placed within rectangular walled enclosures and divided into four quarters by artificial channels?
(a) Shahjahan
(b) Babur
(c) Akbar
(d) Humayun.
Answer:
(b) Babur.
Question 9.
Who constructed court in Red Fort which emphasised connection between royal justice and imperial court?
(a) Babur
(b) Akbar
(c) Shahjahan
(d) Jahangir.
Answer:
(c) Shahjahan.
Question 10.
Who built the city of Fatehpur Sikri?
(a) Akbar
(b) Shahjahan
(c) Babur
(d) Jahangir
Answer:
(a) Akbar.
Match the following columns :
Question 1.
| A | B |
| 1. Lingaraja Temple | (i) Bhubneshwar |
| 2. Birhadeshvara Temple | (ii) Delhi |
| 3. Adhai Din Ka Jhonpara | (iii) Fatehpur Sikri |
| 4. Adina Masjid | (iv) Khajuraho |
| 5. Humayun’s Tomb | (v) Madurai |
| 6. Moti Masjid | (vi) Agra. |
| 7. Red Fort | (vii) Tanjavur |
| 8. Taj Mahal | (viii) Ajmer. |
Answers :
| A | B |
| 1. Lingaraja Temple | (i) Bhubneshwar |
| 2. Birhadeshvara Temple | (vii) Tanjavur |
| 3. Adhai Din Ka Jhonpara | (viii) Ajmer. |
| 4. Adina Mosque | (ii) Delhi |
| 5. Humayun’s Tomb | (ii) Delhi |
| 6. Moti Masjid | (vi) Agra. |
| 7. Red Fort | (ii) Delhi |
| 8. Taj Mahal | (vi) Agra. |
Short Answer Type Questions
Question 1.
Which is the largest statue in the world?
Answer:
In Karnataka, a statue of Sharavanbelgola is located at Gomateshvara.
Question 2.
Give a list of temples of North India built from 806-1200 A.D.
Answer:
- Jagannath Puri Temple.
- Lingaraja Temple of Bhubneshwar.
- Sun temple at Konark.
- Tejpal Temple at Mount Abu.
Question 3.
Describe briefly the Birhadeshvara temple of Tanjavur.
Answer:
It is a magnificent example of temple construction in South India. This Lord Shiva temple was built by King Raj Raja I. The main door of this temple is known as ‘Gopuram’. Its height is almost 94 meters.
Question 4.
Describe briefly the Kailash temple at Ellora.
Answer:
This temple is a beautiful example of the building art of Rashtrakuta kings. It was built by Rashtrakuta King Krishna I. This temple has been cut out of rocks. This temple is considered one of the wonders of the world.
Question 5.
Name two buildings built by Mughal Emperor Jahangir.
Answer:
In Sikandara he built Akbar’s Tomb and in Agra, he built Itmad-ud-Daulah’s Tomb.
Question 6.
Shah Jahan built many other buildings besides Taj Mahal. Describe briefly.
Answer:
Shah Jahan built the following buildings besides Taj Mahal:
1. Red Fort: It was built by Shah Jahan in Delhi near the banks of Yamuna in 1639. It is made of red stone. In this castle, there are many beautiful buildings called ‘Rang Mahal’, ‘Diwan-i-Aam’, ‘Diwan-i-Khas’, ‘Shah Burj’ and ‘Khwab-Gah’. It has been decorated with valuable stones, diamonds, gold and silver.
2. Moti Masjid: Moti Masjid has been bruit by Shah Jahan in the Red Fort of Agra. It is made of marble and the expenditure was 3 lakh rupees.
3. Musamman Burj: It is also made of marble. It is very beautiful and looks clearly from Taj Mahal.
4. Shahjahanabad: In 1639 A.D., Shah Jahan founded Shahjahanabad. To make this city, skilled workers were brought from far and wide.
5. Jama Masjid: This is one of the biggest mosques of India. It took 10 years to build it.
6. Jahangir’s Tomb: This tomb was built in Shahdara (Pakistan). It was decorated with marble.
7. Peacock Crown Throne of Shah Jahan: It is placed in Diwan-i-Khas. It is known as Takhat-i-Taus. It is made up of marble. It took 7 years to build it and one crore was the expenditure. In 1739 A.D., Nadir Shah took it to Iran.
Besides the above, Delhi’s Shalimar Bagh and Kashmir’s Wazir Bagh are also very famous.
Question 7.
How did regional kingdoms contribute to architecture?
Answer:
In regional kings we can name the Bahmani kings and Vijaynagar kings :
- The Bahmani rulers built Jama Masjid, Char Minar, Madrasa of Mahmud Gawan. In Gulbarga, the tomb of Ferozshah is a beautiful example of building style.
- The kings from Vijaynagar made Hajara Rama and Vithal Swami Mandir.
- Besides Bahmani and Vijaynagar kings the Jaunpur ruler also built important monuments. The Atala mosque built by them is very famous.
Question 8.
Describe the main features of North India’s temples.
Answer:
From 800 to 1200 A.D., many temples were built in north India. The features are as under :
- These temples were built in Nagar style. The Khajuraho Temple of Madhya Pradesh is a magnificent piece of Nagar art style.
- The Tejpal Temple of Mount Abu in Rajashan and other temples have been built in white marble. These temples show the best artistic skill.
- On the internal sidewalls of the temples beautiful statues have been carved. Whereas, outer side walls are plane.
Question 9.
Write short notes on the following :
1. Monuments constructed by Akbar.
Answer:
Monuments constructed by Akbar. Akbar was a lover of architecture. He built many forts and buildings where red stone was used. The buildings built by Akbar include Jama Masjid, Panch Mahal, Diwan-i-Khas and Diwan-i-Aam. After the victory of Gujarat, he built ‘Buland Darwaza’. His buildings are built on the style of Irani and Hindu building style.
2. Importance of temples in South India.
Answer:
Importance of temples in South India :
- Raj Rajeshwar Temple built by Chola King Rajraja.
- Gangaikondcholpuram temple built by the Chola king Rajendra I.
- The Kailash Temple in Ellora built by Rashtrakuta rulers.
- Brahdeshwar Temple in Tanjavur.
3. The Taj Mahal.
Answer:
The Taj Mahal. Taj Mahal is the most beautiful building built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan. It is located on the banks of river Yamuna. It was built by Shah Jahan in the memory of his beloved wife Begum Mumtaz Mahal. To built the Taj Mahal almost 20,000 workers worked for twenty two years and almost 3 crores were spent as expenditure. Taj Mahal is a beautiful mixture of many building styles. It is made of white marble and decorated with almost 20 types of valuable stones brought from different countries. Because, of its beauty it is counted among the seven wonders of the world.
Question 10.
Make list of the monuments constructed during the Delhi Sultanate.
Answer:
The description is as follows :
1. Monuments by the slave dynasty: Qutab-ud-din built a mosque named Quwat- ul-Islam in Delhi. It has writings from the Holy Quran. In Ajmer he built a mosque named Dhai-Din-Ka-Jhompra. He also started the construction of Qutab Minar near Mahroli in Delhi. But because of his death, the construction could not be completed. Afterwards, his successor Iltutmish completed it. The 70-metre high building has five storeys.
2. Monuments in the period of Ala-ud-din Khalji: The ‘Alai Darwaza’ is the most famous building built by Ala-ud-din Khalji. This door is made up of red stone and white marble. Ala-ud-din Khalji also built a palace with 1000 pillars, Hauz-i- Khas, and a mosque named Jamait Khana.
3. Monuments by Tughlaq rulers:
- Giasuddin Tughlaq built a city called Tughlaqabad near Delhi.
- Muhammed-bin-Tughlaq built a city named Jahanpanah.
- The cities founded by Ferozshah Tughlaq include Firozabad, Firoza, Hisar, and Jaunpur. He built many mosques, schools, bridges, etc.
4. Buildings by Lodhis and Sayyid: These Sultans made tombs of Mubarak Shah and Muhammad Shah. The tomb of Sikandar Lodhi, Bara Gumbad, etc, was built during the Lodhi period.