This PSEB 8th Class Science Notes Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum will help you in revision during exams.
PSEB 8th Class Science Notes Chapter 5 Coal and Petroleum
→ Various materials are necessary for basic needs.
→ Materials needed can be classified into
- Natural materials
- Man-made materials
→ Materials obtained from nature are called natural resources.
→ Natural resources are soil, water, minerals, plants, and forests.
→ On the basis of the availability of various resources in nature, they are classified as Exhaustible and In-exhaustible natural resources.
→ The resources which are unlimited in nature and cannot be finished or exhausted by human activities are called Inexhaustible Natural Resources.
→ The resources which are limited in nature and can be exhausted by human activities are called Exhaustible Natural Resources.
→ Coal, Petroleum, and Natural gas are Exhaustible Natural Resources.
→ Fossil fuels are formed from the dead remains of living organisms and include coal, petroleum, and natural gas.
→ Coal is hard, black in colour, and is used as a fuel.
→ On burning, coal produces carbon dioxide gas.
→ Destructive distillation of coal produces coke, coal tar, and coal gas.
→ Coke is a tough, porous black substance and is a pure form of carbon.
→ Coal tar is a mixture of about 200 substances. It is a black thick liquid with an unpleasant smell.
→ Coal tar is starting material for synthetic dyes, drugs, explosives, plastics, perfumes, paints, photographic chemicals, roofing material, Naptha balls, etc.
→ Petroleum is a dark oily liquid with an unpleasant odour. It is a mixture of many constituents.
→ Constituents of petroleum include LPG, Petrol, Diesel, Kerosene, Lubricating oil, Paraffin wax, and Bitumen.
→ The process of separating different constituents of petroleum is known as refining.
→ Coal and Petroleum are limited in nature. So they should be used judiciously.
→ LPG is Petroleum gas in liquid form.
→ Fuels: The substances which are burnt to produce heat energy.
→ Fossil Fuels: The combustible substances that were formed from the remains of the plants and animals which got buried under the surface of the earth over millions of years.
→ Carbonisation: The slow process of conversion of plants and animals buried inside the earth under high temperature and pressure to produce coal.
→ Destructive Distillation of Coal: The process of heating coal to high temperatures (above 1000°C) in the absence of air.
→ Refining: The process of separating petroleum into useful fractions and removal of undesirable impurities.
→ Exhaustible Natural Resources: Those resources which are being finished by the Various activities of human beings are called exhaustible resources or limited natural resources. Examples: coal, petroleum and natural gas, etc.
→ In-exhaustible Natural Resources: Those resources which can not finish or exhaust by human activities are called in-exhaustible or unlimited natural resources. Examples: air, water, and solar light, etc.