PSEB 9th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Science Chapter 15 Improvement in Food Resources

PSEB 9th Class Science Guide Improvement in Food Resources Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do we get from cereals, pulses, fruits and vegetables?
Answer:

1. Cereals (rice and wheat) provide carbohydrates for energy requirements.
2. Pulses (soyabeans, pea and gram) provide us proteins.
3. Fruits and vegetables provide us wide range of vitamins, minerals and small amount of proteins, carbohydrates and oil.

Question 2.
How do biotic and abiotic factors affect crop production?
Answer:
1. Biotic factors like insects, mites, rodents, nematodes and diseases caused by fungi and bacteria.
2. Abiotic factors. It is known that different crops require different climatic conditions, temperature, humdity and sunlight for their growth and completion of their life cycle.

Question 3.
What are the desired agronomic characteristics for crop improvement?
Answer:
Crop improvement programmes should consider the following characteristics:

1. Tallness and profuse branching for fodder crops.
2. Dwarfness in case of cereals as less nutrients are consumed.
3. Higher yield.
4. Improved quality.
5. Disease resistance.
6. Biotic and abiotic resistance.
7. Changes in maturity duration.
8. Wider adaptability.

Question 4.
What are macronutrients? Why are they called macronutrients?
Answer:

• Nutrients: Plants need nutrients for development growth and well being. These are chemical elements obtained by plants from air, water and soil.
• Macronutrients: Four nutrients are required in large quantities, hence nutrients are required in large quantities, thus called macronutrients. These four macronutrients are nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and sulphur.

Question 5.
How plants get nutrients?
Answer:
Sources of Plant Nutrients:

Source	Nutrients
Air Water Soil	Carbon, Oxygen Hydrogen 1. Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur. 2. Micronutrients. Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Chlorine.

Question 6.
Compare the use of manure and fertilizers in maintaining soil fertility.
Answer:
1. Effect of using manure: Manures supply nutrients to the soil. This helps in enriching soil with nutrients and organic matter. This increases soil fertility. Organic matter helps in increasing water holding capacity in sandy soil and avoid water logging in clayey soils.
2. Effect of using fertilizers: Fertilizers supply only nutrients and other function performed by manures are carried out hence soil may not have desired water holding capacity.

Question 7.
Which of the following conditions will give the most benefits?
(a) Farmer use quality seed but not adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(b) Farmer use ordinary seeds and adopt irrigation and use fertilizer.
(c) Farmer use quality seeds and adopt irrigation and use fertilizer and use crop protection measures.
Answer:
Conditions given in (c) are beneficial to man because of the following reasons:

1. Farmer will be more benefited by using quality seeds.
2. Improved varieties which provide genetic setup for various features such as resistance, higher yield and improved quality and adopting proper irrigation to overcome draught or flood situations.
3. Fertilizers provide nutrients used to obtain higher yield.

Question 8.
Why should preventive measures and biological control methods should be preferred for protecting crops.
Answer:
Diseases in plants are caused by pathogens. To get rid of pathogens, some preventive measures and biological control methods are used.
These methods are:

1. safe
2. simple
3. economical
4. non-polluting and do not affect soil quality.

Question 9.
What factors may be responsible for huge losses of grains during storage?
Answer:
Storage losses of grains are very high. The factors responsible are biotic factors i.e. insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria. The abiotic factors include moisture content and temperature in storage places.

Question 10.
Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breed and why?
Answer:
Artificial insemination is preferred for improving cattle breed. By artificial insemination about 3000 cows can be fertilized by semen collected from one bull. Moreover frozen semen can be stored for long period. Further it can be transported to remote parts of the country.

Question 11.
Discuss the implication of following statement “It is interesting to note that poultry is India’s most efficient converter of low fibre foodstuff (which is unfit for human consumption) into highly nutritious animal protein food.”
Answer:
Poultry farming is undertaken basically to raise domestic fowl for egg production and chicken meat. The feed consumed by poultry birds is fibrous, cheap and formulated using agricultural byproducts. Hence the product not used by human population are converted into chicken meat and eggs by poultry birds used by human.

Question 12.
What management practices are common in dairy and poultry farming?
Answer:
Feeding, breeding, proper shelter and disease control are the common management practices in dairy farming and poultry farming.

Question 13.
What are the differences between broilers and layers arid in their management.
Answer:
Egg-laying bird are called layers while meat yielding birds are called broilers. The daily food requirement for broilers is different in these two categories. The broilers require protein rich diet with adequate fat. The level of vitamins A and K is kept high in poultry feeds. The layers require more space with proper light.

Question 14.
How are fishes obtained?
Answer:
Fishes are obtained by catching from natural resources or by cultivating using various culture system. These practices are termed as capture and culture fisheries.

Question 15.
What are the advantages of composite fish culture?
Answer:
Combination of 6 species is used in composite fish culture. It is highly advantageous because these fishes do not compete for food due to different food habits. Moreover food available in all parts of the pond is utilized by different species.

Question 16.
What are the desirable characters of bee variety suitable for honey production.
Answer:
Characters of bee variety suitable for honey production

1. Gentleness in nature.
2. Good honey collection capacity.
3. ‘Prolific queen production with less swarming ability to protect itself from enemies.

Question 17.
What is pasturage and how it is related to honey production?
Answer:
Pasturage is concerned with nectar and pollen collection by honey bee. Value or quality of honey depends upon flora or pasturage available for nectar collection. It also determines taste of honey.

Science Guide for Class 9 PSEB Improvement in Food Resources InText Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Explain any one method of crop production which ensures high yield.
Answer:
To increase yield of crops, soil is enriched by supplying nutrients externally in the form of manures and fertilizers. Manures contain large quantities of organic matter and small quantities of nutrients thus increase soil fertility. Manures also help in increasing water holding capacity in sandy soil.

Question 2.
Why are manure and fertilizer used in fields?
Answer:
Advantages of Manures and Fertilizers

1. Manures enrich the soil with nutrients.
2. Manures add organic matter to the soil, which improves soil texture and increases water holding capacity and drainage in soil.
3. They provide food for soil organisms.

Question 3.
What are the advantages of inter-cropping and crop rotation?
Answer:
Advantages of inter-cropping:

1. It ensures maximum utilization of the nutrients supplied.
2. It also prevents pests and diseases from spreading to all the plants belonging to one crop in a field. In this way, both crops can give better returns.
3. Soil erosion is effectively arrested.
4. It helps to maintain soil fertility.

Advantages of crop rotation:

1. The crop rotation improves the fertility of the soil and results in an increase in the food production.
2. Saves the nitrogenous fertilizers. This is because the leguminous plants grown during the crop rotation fix nitrogen from the air and enrich the soil with nitrogen compounds.
3. It also helps in pest control. This is because weeds and pests do not get the same crop in the next season and find it difficult to survive.
4. It improves crop quality.
5. It keeps the land occupied with greater part of time with crops.
6. Crop rotation regulates the use of plant nutrients from the soil.

Question 4.
What is genetic manipulation? How is it useful in agricultural practices?
Answer:
Genetic manipulation is incorporating desired characters such as high yield, short maturity period, biotic and abiotic resistance, tolerance etc in the genetic setup of an organism. Hybridization is one of the way of incorporating desired gene into crop variety. Hybridization involves crossing between genetically dissimilar plants.

This crossing may be intervarietal (between different varieties) or interspecific between two different species of same genus or intergenus (between different genera). Another method of crop improvement is introducing a desired gene resulting in genetically modified crop such as Bt. Cotton.

Question 5.
How storage grain losses occur?
Answer:
Biotic and abiotic factors are responsible for losses of grain during storage. These factors cause degradation in quality, loss in weight, poor germinability and discolouration of produce. Such grains will fetch less money in the market.

Question 6.
How do good animal husbandry practices benefit farmers?
Answer:
Animal husbandry is the scientific management of farm animals. Animal-based farming include cattle, goat, sheep and poultry farming. These farming practices are undertaken by farmers along with agriculture as mixed farming.

Advantages of Animal Husbandry:

1. It helps us to undertake proper management of domestic animals.
2. It provides methods to produce good quality, high-yielding breeds of domestic animals.
3. Animal wastes enrich the soil.
4. It is beneficial for the farmers as increased yield brings more income to the farmer and raises his living standard.

Question 7.
What are the benefits of cattle farming?
Answer:
Benefits of cattle farming
1. Cattles provide milk and are used for obtaining other products from milk.
2. Bullock labour for agricultural practices such as tilling, irrigation and carting.

Question 8.
For increasing production, what is common in poultry, fisheries and beekeeping?
Answer:
Rearing of these animals scientifically and introduction of exotic breeds.

Question 9.
How do you differentiate between capture fisheries, mariculture and aquaculture?
Answer:
Differences between capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture.

Capture fishing	Mariculture	Aquaculture
1. It is catching of fishes from natural water resources.	1. It is culture and harvesting of fin fishes, shellfishes (mullets, bhetki, pearl spots)	1. It is culture and harvesting of fish, other animals (prawn) and plants in water and seaweeds.
2. There is no seeding or rearing of fishes.	2. The fish and other organisms are seeded and reared.	2. The fish and other organisms are seeded and reared.
3. Capture fishing is undertaken in both inland and marine water.	3. It is carried out only in sea water.	3. It is carried out in fresh water and marine water.