Winter Vegetables

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 4 Winter Vegetables Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Agriculture Chapter 4 Winter Vegetables

Agriculture Guide for Class 10 PSEB Winter Vegetables Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one-two words:

Question 1.
How many vegetables should be consumed per person per day for the maintenance of good health?
Answer:
284 gram.

Question 2.
Which type of soil is best for potato cultivation?
Answer:
Sandy loam soil.

Question 3.
Name the types of fertilizers.
Answer:
Fertilizers are of two types-Chemical and organic.

Question 4.
Write the name of black carrot variety.
Answer:
Punjab Black beauty.

Question 5.
When is Pusa Chetki variety of radish sown?
Answer:
April to August.

Question 6.
Write the name of two early maturing varieties of pea.
Answer:
Matar ageta-6, Arkel.

Question 7.
Give the ideal time of broccoli nursery sowing.
Answer:
Mid August to mid September.

Question 8.
Name two late maturing varieties of potato.
Answer:
Kufri sindhuri and Kufri badshah.

Question 9.
How much seed is required for raising one acre nursery of cabbage?
Answer:
200 to 250 gram.

Question 10.
Write the name of improved varieties of cauliflower.
Answer:
Pusa snowball-1, Pusa snowball K-l, Giant snowball.

(B) Answer in one-two sentences:

Question 1.
Define vegetables.
Answer:
That soft, juicy, fleshy, part of a plant, e.g. flower, fruit, stem, root, leaves etc. which can be consumed uncooked, in the form of salad or by cooking is called vegetable.

Question 2.
Which vegetables are grown through transplantation?
Answer:
Those vegetables are grown through transplantation, which can tolerate the shock of transplanting. Some of the vegetables which can be grown through transplantation are cabbage, Chinese cabbage, onion, lettuce, cauliflower etc.

Question 3.
How vegetable cultivation is useful for livelihood security?
Answer:
Vegetable crops mature in short duration and we can get two to four crops in a year. The yield of vegetable crops is 5-10 times than the yield of paddy-wheat, thus income is also high which we get on daily basis. Cultivation of vegetable is a good source of employment.

Question 4.
How to control weeds in pea?
Answer:
Use stomp 30 EC one litre per acre or Tafalon 50 WP 500 gram per acre before the emergence of weeds within two days of sowing. Dissolve these herbicides in about 200 litre of water and spray in the field.

Question 5.
How to control weeds in potato?
Answer:
To control weeds in potato use stomp 30 EC one litre for one acre or arelon 75 EC 500 gram for an acre or sencor 70 EC 200 gram for one acre. Dissolve herbicide in 150 litre water and spray before the emergence of weeds and after first irrigation.

Question 6.
Give seed rate/acre and spacing in carrot.
Answer:
Seed rate: 4-5 kg per acre.
Spacing: Row spacing should be 45 cm.

Question 7.
Write improved varieties and seed rate/acre of potato.
Answer:
Improved varieties: Kufri Surya, Kufri Pukhraj, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Pushkar, Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Badshah.
Seed rate: 12-18 quintal seed per acre.
Sowing time: For Autumn season last of September to mid October and for spring season first fortnight of January.

Question 8.
Write ideal time of planting and seed rate/acre in Chinese cabbage.
Answer:
Sow nursery in mid September and transplanting the seedling in field in mid October. Seed rate for one acre of nursery is 200 grams and 1 kg per acre for direct sowing.

Question 9.
Which type of soil is best suited for vegetables cultivation?
Answer:
Vegetables can be grown in different type of soils. But sandy loam or clayey loam soils are best suited for cultivation of vegetables. For root crops like carrot, radish, turnip, potato etc., sandy loam soil is best suited.

Question 10.
Write improved varieties of Chinese cabbage.
Answer:
Chini sarson-1, Saag sarson.

(C) Answer in five-six sentences:

Question 1.
How radish can be raised around the year?
Answer:

Variety of Radish	Time of Sowing	Maturity
Pusa himani	January to February	February to April
Punjab Pasand	Second fortnight of March	End of April-May
Pusa Chetki	April to August	May to September
Punjab safed mulli-2	Mid September to October	October to December
Japanese White	November to December	December to January

Question 2.
What is the importance of vegetables in human diet?
Answer:
Vegetables play very important role in the human diet. Vegetables contain carbohydrates, proteins, minerals and vitamins etc. which are essential for human health. According to dieticians, an adult needs 284 grams of vegetables daily. Out of this quantity 114 gram vegetables should be leafy vegetables, 85 grams should be root vegetables and 85 grams other vegetables. Vegetables can be taken uncooked and cooked. In India maximum population is vegetarian. Therefore vegetables are very important in our diet.

Question 3.
How to save winter vegetables from the attack of insect-pests and diseases?
Answer:

• By ploughing in summer many of the insects, fungi and other nemotodes of soil are killed.
• If suitable crop rotation is adopted theft potato and peas can be saved from many diseases.
• By sowing early varieties and insects can be removed by mechanical method
• Destroy the diseased plants to save other plants from diseases.
• By treating the seeds with captan or thiram and other suitable chemicals plants can be prevented from diseases and attack of insects-pests.
• Savin, Fame insecticides can be used to get rid of some insects like caterpillars and beetles. Sapsucking insects and aphid can be controlled by using Rogor, Metasystox and malathian.

Question 4.
Describe briefly the early cultivation of peas.
Answer:

• Improved varieties: Early sowing varieties are Matara ageta – 6 and 7 and Arkel. Main season varieties are Mithi Phali
• Yield: 20-24 quintal per acre for early varieties. For main season varieties 47-55 quintal per acre.
• Climate: Cool climate
• Time of Sowing: Mid-October to mid November.
• Seed rate: 45 kg per acre for early maturing and 30 kg per acre for main season. If sowing for the first time, inoculate with Rhizobium.
• Spacing: 30×7.5 cm. for early and 30×10 cm for main season varieties.
• Irrigation: First irrigation after 15-20 days of sowing second at flowering stage, third at pod forming stage.
• Weed control: Use stomp 30 EC one litre per acre or Tafalon 50 WP 500 gram per acre before the emergence of
• weeds that i§ after two days of sowing: Dissolve these herbicides in about 200 litre of water and spray in the field.
• Harvesting: Harvesting should be done at proper edible maturity stage.

Question 5.
Write ideal time of nursery sowing, seed rate/acre and spacing for early, mid and late season cauliflower.
Answer:
1. Sowing nursery:

• Early Cauliflower. June to July
• Main season. August to mid September
• Late maturity. October to first week of November

2. Seed rate:

• For early sowing 500 gram per acre
• For others 250 gram per acre.

3. Spacing: 45 x 30 cm

PSEB 10th Class Agriculture Guide Winter Vegetables Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
According to dieticians, an adult should take gram of vegetable.
(a) 500
(b) 285
(c) 387
(d) 197.
Answer:
(b) 285

Question 2.
Root vegetables are:
(a) carrot
(b) radish
(c) turnip
(d) peas.
Answer:
(d) peas.

Question 3.
Vegetables which are grown by transplanting are:
(a) Cauliflower
(b) Broccoli
(c) Onion
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

Question 4.
Rabi vegetables are:
(a) carrot
(b) peas
(c) cauliflower
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

Question 5.
…………… is not a variety of radish.
(a) Pussa Chetki
(b) Japanese white
(c) Pusa snowball
(d) Pusa Pas and.
Answer:
(c) Pusa snowball

Question 6.
Varieties of potato are:
(a) Kufri surya
(b) Kufri Pushkar
(c) Kufri Jyoti
(d) All.
Answer:
(c) Kufri Jyoti

Question 7.
Which insecticide is used to protect crop against sap sucking insect
(a) Rhizobium
(b) Captan
(c) Stomp
(d) Malathion.
Answer:
(d) Malathion.

True or False

1. Palam Smridhi is a variety of Broccoli.
Answer:
True

2. Japan white is a variety of radish.
Answer:
True

3. There are two types of fertilizers.
Answer:
True

4. Punjab black beauty is a variety of carrot.
Answer:
True

5. Pusa snowball-1 is a variety of cauliflower.
Answer:
True

Fill in the blanks:

1. Pusa Himani is a variety of …………….. .
Answer:
radish

2. Kufri Sindhoori is a variety of …………… .
Answer:
potato

3. Average yield for main season varieties of pea …………….. is quintal per acre (q/acre)
Answer:

4. Pea seed is treated ………… with culture to get more yield.
Answer:
Rhizobium

5. Arkel is a variety of …………… .
Answer:
pea.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
According to scientists, what is the required quantity of vegetables for an adult in grams for good health?
Answer:
284 gram.

Question 2.
What is the future of vegetables in our country?
Answer:
Bright future.

Question 3.
How much time is required for maturity of vegetables?
Answer:
Very less, we can get 2-4 crops in a year.

Question 4.
What is the yield of vegetables as compared to paddy-wheat crop cycle?
Answer:
5-10 time more than paddy-wheat cycle.

Question 5.
Which type of soil is best suited for cultivation of vegetables?
Answer:
Sandy loam to clayey loam soil.

Question 6.
What type of soil is best suited for root vegetables?
Answer:
Sandy loam soil.

Question 7.
How many type of fertilizers are there? .
Answer:
Two types.

Question 8.
Which are the two types of fertilizers?
Answer:
Chemical and organic.

Question 9.
What should be the quality of seed?
Answer:
It should be of improved variety and disease free.

Question 10.
Which nutrients are found in fertilizers?
Answer:
Nitrogen, phosphorus and potash etc.

Question 11.
What are the methods of sowing seeds?
Answer:
Direct sowing and transplanting.

Question 12.
Write name of crops which can be directly sown.
Answer:
Potato, carrot, fenugreek, corriander etc.

Question 13.
Which vegetables are grown by transplanting?
Answer:
Chinese cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, onion, lettuce etc.

Question 14.
What happens if we plough the Held in summer for cultivation of vegetables?
Answer:
Insects, fungi and nemotodes are removed from the soil.

Question 15.
Which chemical can be used to treat the seed of vegetables?
Answer:
Captan or thiram.

Question 16.
Which pesticide is used to control the caterpillars and beetles in vegetables?
Answer: Savin, fame.

Question 17.
Which pesticides are used to control sap sucker insects and aphid?
Answer:
Rogor, Metasystox, Malathion.

Question 18.
Name Rabi Vegetables.
Answer:
Carrot, radish, cabbage, cauliflower, potato, peas etc.

Question 19.
Which variety of carrot can tolerate more heat?
Answer:
Desi variety.

Question 20.
Name varieties of carrot.
Answer:
Punjab black beauty, Punjab carrot red.

Question 21.
What is the colour of PC 34 of carrot and also give its yield?
Answer:
red colour, 200 quintal per acre.

Question 22.
Where is carrot sown?
Answer:
On the ridges.

Question 23.
What should be the spacing between ridges for carrot?
Answer:
45 cm.

Question 24.
What is seed rate for carrot?
Answer:
4-5 kg per acre.

Question 25.
What is the harm of over irrigation of carrots?
Answer:
Carrots do not acquire proper colour.

Question 26.
What is the time of maturity of carrots?
Answer:
90-100 days depending on variety.

Question 27.
(a) Name varieties of radish.
(b) Write the name of one improved variety of Raddish.
Answer:
(a) Punjab pasand, Pusa chetki, Pusa himani, Japanese white, Punjab safed muli-2 etc.
(b) Punjab Pasand.

Question 28.
What is the yield of radish?
Answer:
105-215 quintal per acre.

Question 29.
What is seed rate for radish?
Answer:
4-5 kg seed per acre.

Question 30.
Where is radish sown? What is the spacing?
Answer:
On the ridges, spacing is 45 x 7.5 cm.

Question 31.
What is the time for maturity of radish?
Answer:
45-60 days.

Question 32.
Name early varieties of peas.
Answer:
Ageta matar-6 and 7, Arkel.

Question 33.
What is the yield of early varieties of peas?
Answer:
20-24 quintal per acre.

Question 34.
Name main season varieties of peas.
Answer:
Mithi phali, Punjab-89.

Question 35.
‘Mithi Phali’ is the improved variety of which vegetable?
Answer:
Peas.

Question 36.
What is the yield of main season varieties of peas?
Answer:
47-55 quintal per acre.

Question 37.
Which variety of pea can be taken with its peel?
Answer:
Mithi Phali.

Question 38.
What is suitable time of sowing for peas?
Answer:
Mid October to mid November.

Question 39.
What is seed rate for peas?
Answer:
For early varieties 45 kg and for main season crop it is 30 kg per acre.

Question 40.
Write about spacing for peas.
Answer:
For early maturity varieties, spacing should be 30×7.5 cm and for main season variety it is 30×10 cm.

Question 41.
Pea seed is inoculated with what?
Answer:
Pea seed is inoculated with Rhizobium.

Question 42.
What is the suitable temperature for cultivation of cauliflowers?
Answer:
15-20 degree centigrade.

Question 43.
Name main season variety of cauliflower.
Answer:
Giant snowball.

Question 44.
Name late maturity varieties of cauliflower.
Answer:
Pusa snowball-1, pusa snowball K-1

Question 45.
What is the time of maturity for cauliflower?
Answer:
It takes 90-100 days after transplanting.

Question 46.
What is the time for transplanting of cabbage in the fields?
Answer:
September to October.

Question 47.
What is the seed rate for cabbage?
Answer:
200-250 gram per acre.

Question 48.
What is the spacing for cabbage?
Answer:
For early maturing varieties it is 45×45 cm and for late varieties it is 60×45 cm.

Question 49.
(a) Name the varieties of Broccoli and give its yield.
(b) Punjab Brocoli is the improved variety of which vegetable?
Answer:
(a) Punjab Broccoli-1 and Palam Smridhi average yield is 70 quintal per acre.
(b) It is similar to cauliflower-It is improved variety of Brocoli.

Question 50.
Give seed rate for Broccoli.
Answer:
250 gram per acre.

Question 51.
What is the suitable time for nursery raising for Broccoli?
Answer:
Mid August to mid September.

Question 52.
What is the time for nursery raising for Chinese cabbage?
Answer:
Mid September for nursery raising and mid October for transplanting.

Question 53.
What is seed rate for Chinese cabbage?
Answer:
For nursery it is 200 gram per acre and for direct sowing it is one kg per acre.

Question 54.
How many cuttings can be taken for Chinese cabbage?
Answer:
Total six cuttings.

Question 55.
Name early varieties of potato.
Answer:
Kufri surya, Kufri pukhraj.

Question 56.
In how many days early varieties of potato mature?
Answer:
90-100 days.

Question 57.
What is the yield of early varieties of potato?
Answer:
100-125 quintal per acre. .

Question 58.
Name middle season varieties of potato.
Answer:
Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Pushkar.

Question 59.
In how many days middle season varieties of potato mature? Give yield also.
Answer:
Mature in 100-110 days. Yield is 120-170 quintal per acre.

Question 60.
Name late maturing varieties of potato. .
Answer:
Kufri Sindhuri, Kufri Badshah.

Question 61.
In how many days late varieties of potato mature and what is the yield?
Answer:
110-120 days for maturity. Yield is 120-130 quintal per acre.

Question 62.
What is ridge spacing and tuber spacing?
Answer:
60 cm, 20 cm.

Question 63.
How should potato be sown?
Answer:
By cutting the seed.

Question 64.
‘Kufri Pukhraj’ is the variety of which vegetable?
Answer:
Potato.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is vegetable?
Answer:
That soft, juicy, fleshy part of plant e.g. flower, fruit, stem, root, leaves etc. which can be consumed uncooked or cooked is called vegetable.

Question 2.
Which nutrients are found in vegetables?
Answer:
Vegetables contain carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins etc. which are essential for body.

Question 3.
Every adult should take 284 grams of vegetables, what is the proportion of different categories of vegetables in it?
Answer:
284 gram of vegetable is divided as below-114 gram leafy vegetables, 85 gram ropt vegetables, 85 gram other vegetables.

Question 4.
What are the benefits of organic manure or fertilizer?
Answer:
Organic manure keep the soil healthy, physical and chemical state of the soil remains balanced. Soil remains soft and well aerated.

Question 5.
Which vegetable can be grown by transplanting?
Answer:
Those vegetables which can tolerate the shock of transplanting e.g. cabbage, broccoli, onion etc.

Question 6.
What is the role of chemicals in preventing insects and diseases of winter crops?
Answer:
Seed is treated with captan or thiram which help in prevention of insects and diseases. Some pesticides are fame, savin etc. can control the caterpillars and beetles. Juice sucking insects and aphid can be controlled by using Rogor, Metasystox and malathian.

Question 7.
Write about irrigation of carrot.
Answer:
Carrot needs 3-4 irrigations. First irrigation is applied immediately after sowing and second irrigation is applied after 10-12 days.

Question 8.
How do we use radish in our diet?
Answer:
Radish is used in our diet as salad, it can be cooked and also used to prepare stuffed pranthas.

Question 9.
Name main varieties of radish, grown in Punjab, also write yield.
Answer:
Punjab Pasand, Punjab safed muli-2, pusa chetki are main varieties of radish which are sown in Punjab and yield is 105-215 quintal per acre.

Question 10.
Write about irrigation for radish.
Answer:
First irrigation is applied immediately after sowing and then in summer after 6-7 days and in winter after 10-12 days depending on the soil type.

Question 11.
If peas are sown for the first time, with what pea seeds are inoculated?
Answer:
Pea seeds are inoculated with Rhizobium culture. It helps in nodule formation and also help in increasing the yield. It helps in fixing the nitrogen in the soil.

Question 12.
Write about weed control in peas.
Answer:
Use stomp 30 EC one litre per acre or Tafalon 50 WP 500 gram per acre before the emergence of weeds within two days of sowing. Dissolve these herbicides in about 200 litre of water and spray in the field.

Question 13.
Write about irrigation application for cauliflower.
Answer:
Cauliflower requires total 8-12 irrigations. First irrigation should be applied immediately after transplanting the seedlings.

Question 14.
Write about weed control in cabbage, cauliflower and Broccoli.
Answer:
Use stomp 30 EC one litre per acre by dissolving it in 200 litre of water. Apply this solution in the moist soil conditions one day before transplanting of the seedlings.

Question 15.
What is the use of leaves of Chinese cabbage? In how many days it is ready for first cutting?
Answer:
Leaves of Chinese cabbage are used to make saag. First cutting can be taken after 30 days of transplanting. .

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about cultivation of carrot as under:

1. varieties, colour
2. yield
3. seed rate
4. harvesting
5. spacing.

Answer:

1. Varieties: Two varieties-Desi and European. There are two varieties of carrot in Punjab -PC 34 and Punjab black beauty. PC 34 is of red colour and Punjab black beauty is of Blackish violet colour.
2. Yield: For black variety 196 quintal per acre and for red variety 200 quintals per acre.
3. Seed rate: 4-5 kg per acre.
4. Harvesting: Depending upon variety, harvesting can be done in 90-100 days.
5. Spacing: Sow carrot on ridges and spacing between ridges is 45 cm.

Question 2.
Write the cultivation of broccoli as per given below:

• Improved varieties
• Sowing time
• Seed rate per acre
• Distance between plants.

Answer:

• Improved varieties: Punjab broccoli-1, Palam smridhi.
• Yield: 70 quintal per acre.
• Time of sowing: Time of sowing for nursery is from mid August to mid September and when seedlings are one month old, transplant in the field.
• Seed rate: 250 gram per acre.
• Distance between plants: Row spacing and plant spacing should be 45 cm.

Question 3.
Write about cultivation of potato.
Answer:
1. Varieties:

• Early sown: Kufri surya, Kufri pukhraj.
• Mid season: Kufri jyoti, Kufri pushkar.
• Late varieties: Kufri Badshah, Kufri sindhuri.

2. Yield:

• Early varieties: 100-125 quintal per acre.
• Mid season varieties: 120-170 quintal per acre.
• Late varieties: 120-130 quintal per acre.

3. Harvesting:

• Early varieties: 90-100 days
• Mid season varieties: 100-110 days
• Late varieties: 110-120 days.

4. Time of sowing: For autumn season from last week of September to mid October and for spring season first fortnight of January.

5. Seed rate: 12-18 quintal per acre. In spring season seed rate of early varieties is 8 quintal and for late varieties 4-5 quintal seed per acre. Use cut tubers for sowing.

6. Spacing: Ridges should be spaced 60 cm and between tuber it should be 20 cm.

7. Weed control: Use stomp 30 EC one litre or arelon 75 EC 500 gram or sencor 70 EC 200 gram, by dissolving in 150 litre of water, before the emergence of weeds and after the first irrigation.

8. Irrigation: Apply first irrigation immediately after sowing. This helps in better germination.

Question 4.
Write five advantages of cultivating vegetables?
Answer:

• Vegetables are short duration crops and we can get 2 to 4 crops of vegetables in a year.
• Vegetables production in our country is less as compared to the requirement.
• Vegetables are cheap source of nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, minerals, vitamins etc.
• The yield of vegetables in 5-10 times more than wheat-rice rotatoin and income is also higher.
• It provides employment to all the family members in their fields and agricultural resources can be utilized efficiently for whole of the year.

Question 5.
Write the cultivation of radish as per given below :

1. Two improved varieties
2. Seed rate per acre
3. Spacing between ridges
4. Harvesting
5. Yield per acre.

Answer:

1. Two improved varieties- Pusa himani, Pusa chetki
2. Seed rate per acre- 4-5 kg. per acre.
3. Spacing between ridges- 45 cm
4. Harvesting- 45-60 days after sowing.
5. Yield per acre- 105-215 quintal per acre.

Question 6.
Write the cultivation of early maturing varities of potato as per given below:

1. Two improved varieties
2. Seed rate per acre
3. Spacing between ridges
4. Irrigation
5. Yield per acre.

Answer:

1. Two improved varieties-kufri Surya, Kufri Pukhraj
2. Seed rate per acre-8 quintal
3. Spacing between ridges-60 cm
4. Irrigation-Apply first irrigation just after sowing
5. Yield per acre-100-125 quintal per acre.

Question 7.
Write the cultivation of early maturing varieties of pea as given below:

• Two improved varieties
• Seed rate per acre
• Spacing
• Irrigation
• Yield per acre.

Answer:
Do it yourself.