Class 7

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Forests: Our Lifeline Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the blanks:

(i) Animals helps plants in the ……………… of seeds.
Answer:
formation

(ii) ………………… gas is released by plants during photosynthesis.
Answer:
Oxygen

(iii) …………….. and ……………….. are major threats to forest.
Answer:
Fire, Pollution

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

(iv) Large scale planting of tree sapling is called …………….. .
Afforestation.

State True or False:

(i) Animals provide nutrients to plants.
Answer:
False

(ii) The forest cover in India is only 15% of its total land area.
Answer:
False

(iii) Crown is the shape of the trees.
Answer:
True

(iv) Deforestation is cutting of trees to clear area for building houses and farming.
Answer:
True

(v) Deforestation takes place due to overgrazing.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
1. Plants (a) Forest
2. A renewable natural sources (b) Practice of planting trees on a largescale
3. Afforestation (c) Deforestation
4. Removal of plants (d) Producers

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
1. Plants (c) Producers
2. A renewable natural sources (a) Forest
3. Afforestation (b) Practice of planting trees on a largescale
4. Removal of plants (d) Producers

4. Choose the correct answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is not a forest product ?
(a) Plywood
(b) Kerosene
(c) Sealing wax
(d) Gum.
Answer:
(b) Kerosene.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (ii)
A food chain includes:
(a) Producers and herbivores
(b) Producers and carnivores
(c) Producer and decomposers
(d) Producers, herbivores and carnivores.
Answer:
(d) Producers, herbivores and carnivores.

Question (iii)
Bacteria and fungi act as:
(a) Decomposers
(b) Herbivores
(c) Omnivores
(d) Carnivores.
Answer:
(d) Carnivores.

Question (iv)
Microorganisms act upon the dead organisms to produce:
(a) Humus
(b) Wood
(c) Soil
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Humus.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How much land area on the earth is covered with forest ?
Answer:
About 13% of the earth’s surface is covered by forests.

Question (ii)
What is an ecosystem ?
Answer:
Ecosystem. Organisms and their environment combine to form ecosystems or ecological system. Plants, animals and microorganisms are biological components of ecosystems.

Question (iii)
What is afforestation ?
Answer:
Afforestation. For compensation of cut down forest trees, the process of large-scale tree plantation is called Afforestation (replenishment of forest).

Question (iv)
What causes global warming ?
Answer:
Causes of global warming. The main cause of global warming is the increase in greenhouse gases in the atmosphere due to human activities. In greenhouse gases the main gases are carbon dioxide, methane, nitrites, oxides, ozone and chlorofluorocarbons.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
In terms of food chain, discuss the interdependence of plants and animals.
Answer:
The interdependence of plants and animals. Like plants, humans and animals cannot prepare their own food. Plants produce food for humans and animals. Many plants also provide shelter and protection for wildlife such as bats, squirrels and insects and many more. As for example during summer trees provide shade to many animals.

Question (ii)
How do forests help in conservation of soil ?
Answer:
There are many plants, shrubs and trees in forests that hold the top layer of forest soil with their roots. It does not allow natural forces like wind and flood (water) to carry away the soil with it and retains the ability of soil to hold water. So forests help in the Conservation of soil.

Question (iii)
Give two examples which show how that plants depends on animals.
Answer:
Examples of plants dependence on animals.
(1) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration is used by plants in photosynthesis process. In this process plants prepare their food in the presence of Carbon dioxide and Sunlight.

(2) If a number of plants grows on a place there will be competition among them for food. This causes threatening to the life of the plants. Thus animals helps in the dispersal of seeds and fruit to new places to avoid overcrowding of seeding at one place.

Question (iv)
Explain how forests prevent floods.
Answer:
Forests acts as a natural agents of absorbing rain water. They did not allow the rainwater to fell directly on the surface of earth. For this reason water do not accumulate in the earth and slowly enters the surface of the earth and flew of the water in rivers remains controlled. Thus plant maintain adequate water level areas near forests and prevent floods.

Question (v)
List five products we get from forests ?
Answer:
Products we get from forest are:

  1. We get several nuts and spices from plants growing in forests.
  2. We get sal, mahogany, teak and rosewood trees.
  3. We get fossil fuel from forest and cardboard and paper industries depends on forest.
  4. From forest we get resins to make varnish and paint and latex used to make rubber.
  5. We get many species of grasses such as lemon grass, vanilla, kewra, Khus and Sandalwood from forest.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is deforestation ? Explain various causes responsible for deforestation.
Answer:
Deforestation.
The needs of the human population such as food, clothing, houses, roads, railways etc. are fulfilled by cutting trees and forests on large scale. This permanent cutting of forests is destruction of forest or deforestation.

Major causes of deforestation:

  1. Increase in demands like land for housing and industry and food for the increasing human population.
  2. Excessive grazing of domestic animals.
  3. Excessive digging of land for food.
  4. With more water logging and more irrigation, the ground table level goes down and with result trees and plants are unable to get water and ultimately and die.
  5. Cutting down trees to get fuel wood and wilf and paper.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (ii)
Enlist various uses of forests.
Answer:
Uses of Forests. Humans are directly or indirectly dependent on forest to meet their needs. Forests therefore, make a significant contribution to our lives.

  • The roots of plants and trees bind soil particles and keep the soil from carried away by water and wind. As a result, forests prevent erosion and flooding.
  • We get a variety of dry fruits and spices from the plants growing in forests.
  • Increases the amount of water vapour in the air, due to transcription by wild trees and plants the surrounding air remains cool. By raising water vapour content they also help in bring rain.
  • From forests we get Latex for making rubber, fodder for animals, bamboo for basket making industry and wood for paper industry.
  • Forests provide us with neem, timber sal and cinchona for making Ayurvedic medicines.
  • Forests and trees reduce the green house effect by reducing the amount of carbon dioxide present in the air with the photosynthesis process which results in lowering global warming.
  • Forests provide us with wood for making furniture, windows and doors of the house.

Question (iii)
Describe how animals depend on plants.
Answer:
Animal dependence on plants. Animals depend on plants as follows:

  1. Food, which is a source of energy, is obtained from plant leaves, fruits and other plant products.
  2. Animals get the oxygen they need for respiration from plants, which is produced during photosynthesis.
  3. Animals get shelter from big trees and which also provide protection from sun and rain.
  4. Birds live and build their nests on trees.
  5. Wild animals protect themselves from predators by hiding in dense bushes and grass.

Question (iv)
What measures can be taken for the conservation of forests ?
Answer:
Measure for the conservation of forests:

  • The use of wood as fuel should be reduced and instead of wood LPG and Biogas should be used as fuel for cooking.
  • Planting as many new trees as possible to compensate for the trees cut down for furniture or amfor construction of buildings.
  • Excellent fire extinguishers and fire breakers should be used to prevent forest fires so that there is no shortage of forests in the future.
  • The government should make efforts to plant trees on a large scale every year.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Forests: Our Lifeline Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The insects, butterflies, honeybees and birds help flowering plants in ……………… .
Answer:
Pollination

(ii) A forest is a purifier of ……………….. and …………………. .
Answer:
Air, water

(iii) Herbs form the ………………… layer in the forest.
Answer:
Lower

(iv) The decaying leaves and animal droppings in a forest enrich the ………………….. .
Answer:
Soil

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

(v) During the process of photosynthesis, trees reduce the green-house effect by reducing
the amount of ………………… in the air.
Answer:
Carbondioxide

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column I Column II
(i) Trees control (a) Food chains
(ii) Insects (b) Prevent erosion and flooding
(iii) Trees (c) Photosynthesis
(iv) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration (d) Climate
(v) Food web (e) Pollination of flowers

Answer:

Column I Column II
(i) Trees control (d) Climate
(ii) Insects (e) Pollination of flowers
(iii) Trees (b) Prevent erosion and flooding
(iv) Carbon dioxide released by animals during respiration (c) Photosynthesis
(v) Food web (a) Food chains

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The animals found in the forest are helpful:
(a) For the forest growth
(b) Oxygen and carbon dioxide
(c) To prevent floods
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) For the forest growth.

Question (ii)
Form oxygen and use carbon dioxide of the atmosphere:
(a) Animals
(b) Plants and trees
(c) Separator
(d) Herbivorous
Answer:
(b) Plants and trees.

Question (iii)
Deforestation will increase:
(a) The amount of oxygen
(b) The amount of nitrogen
(c) The amount of carbon dioxide
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) The amount of carbon dioxide.

Question (iv)
Forests help in the purification of:
(a) Water.
(b) Both air and water
(c) Air
(d) Air, water and soil
Answer:
(b) Both air and water.

Question (v)
Which of following is not a forest product ?
(a) Gum
(b) Plywood
(c) Sealing wax
(d) Kerosene.
Answer:
(d) Kerosene.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question (vi)
Which of the following statements is not correct ?
(a) Forests protect the soil from erosion.
(b) Plants and animals in a forest are not dependant on one another.
(c) Forest influence the climate and water cycle.
(d) Soil helps forests to grow and regenerate.
Answer:
(b) Plants and animals in a forest are not dependant on one another.

4. State True or False:

(i) Forests are areas where animals and dense plants and trees are present.
Answer:
True

(ii) 11% of India’s area is under forest.
Answer:
False

(iii) Plants, animals and micro-organisms are the biological components of ecosystem.
Answer:
True

(iv) Producer → Herbivorous → Carnivorous is a food chain.
Answer:
True

(v) Trees do not control climate of a place.
Answer:
False

(vi) Forest help prevent erosion and floods.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a broad view of a forest ?
Answer:
A place where land is not visible but only treetops form the green cover over the land.

Question 2.
What type of environment is found in a forest ?
Answer:
Peaceful environment with cool breeze blowing.

Question 3.
Which human activity can disturb the animals living in the forest ?
Answer:
Noise.

Question 4.
What is attitude of animals when human being enters a forest ?
Answer:
Monkeys usually jump to higher branches.

Question 5.
Which small animals are found in the forest ?
Answer:
Insects, spiders, squirrels, ants, micro-organisms.

Question 6.
Name any four animals found in a forest.
Answer:
Bear, bison, jackal, monkeys, birds.

Question 7.
Name the different types of trees found in a forest.
Answer:
Sal, teak, semal, shesham, neem, amla, bamboo.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question 8.
What is classification of different plants found in a forest ?
Answer:
Trees, shrubs, herbs, grass, climbers, creepers etc.

Short Answer Type Qucstions

Question 1.
Why does water not stagnate in forests ?
Answer:
Forests are natural absorbers of rain water and allow it to seep deep down the soil. Also, the direct pouring of rain is stopped by canopy of forest and it falls drip by drip on the ground. So, water does not stagnate in the forests.

Question 2.
Why is soil of forest rich in nutrients ?
Answer:
The soil of forest is rich in nutrients because dead and decaying leaves are decomposed by decomposers to give a brown coloured nutrient (Humus) to enrich the soil.

Question 3.
Explain why there is no waste in a forest.
Answer:
Forests are habitat of various animals. They excrete and die still there is no waste in forests. Because the dead bodies are food of vultures, crow, jackal and insects. While other things like excreta and remains of dead matter get decomposed by mushrooms and other micro-organisms to nutrients required by soil.

Question 4.
List five products we get from forests.
Answer:
Products obtained from forests are:

  1. Wood,
  2. Oxygen,
  3. Medicinal plants,
  4. Rain,
  5. Lac, Gum, Resin etc.

Question 5.
Explain how animals dwelling in the forest help it grow and regenerate ?
Answer:
Animals live in forest. They either feed on it directly (herbivores) or indirectly (carnivores). In both cases, they consume plants and excrete thrown by their bodies get decomposed by microorganisms to produce simple forms and nutrients. These get dissolved and mixed in soil to be used by growing plants.

Animals also help in scattering seeds to different parts of the forest. When seeds get favourable conditions they grow and thus forests regenerate.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests: Our Lifeline

Question 6.
What are decomposers ? Name any two of them. What do they do in the forest ?
Answer:
Decomposers. The micro-organisms which convert the dead plants and animals to humus are known as decomposers. Examples are bacteria, mushrooms.
Decomposers help in maintaining the supply of nutrients to the growing plants in the forests.

Question 7.
Explain the role of forests in maintaining the balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 17 Forests Our Lifeline 1
Forests are large area covered with different trees. Trees are green in colour. Their leaves photosynthesize in the sunlight and use atmospheric carbon dioxide to produce oxygen. In this way, balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide is maintained in the forests. In this way forests help in maintaining a balance between oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.

Question 8.
Why should we worry about the conditions and issues related to forests far from us ?
Answer:
Forests indirectly or directly influence human life. They control floods and rainfall. They maintain balance of oxygen and carbondioxide in the atmosphere. They are also provider of many useful items needed by us in our daily life. They provide food, shelter and habitat to many animals also. They form a part of food web. So, we should worry about the conditions and issues related to forests far from us.

Question 9.
Explain why there is a need of variety of animals and plants in a forest.
Answer:
When there is variety of animals and plants then opportunity increases for food and habitat for the herbivores. When herbivores increase, then there is also increase in number of carnivores of different varieties. Different varieties of animals help the forest to regenerate and grow.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the importance of forests and consequences of depletion of forests.
Answer:
A forest is a natural ecosystem. Forests are essential for sustainence of life on earth.
Importance of forests:

  1. Habitat for animals and plants.
  2. Provide food for animals and micro-organisms.
  3. Maintain water cycle.
  4. Control the earth’s temperature.
  5. Maintain a balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in nature.
  6. Prevent soil erosion.

Consequences of depletion of forests are:

  1. Improper rainfall.
  2. Landslides.
  3. Extinction of wild animals.
  4. Retardation of soil quality.
  5. Causes increase in carbon dioxide, leading to increase in the greenhouse effect and global warming.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Multimedia is a combination of two words …………… and …………….
(a) Images Sound
(b) Audio, Video
(c) Multi, Media
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Multi, Media

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 2.
Animation is of two types, these are …………… and …………… .
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Static, Hyper
(c) Raster, Bitmap
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(d) Path, Frame.

Question 3.
Requirements for Multimedia are …………… and …………… .
(a) Images, Sound
(b) Analog, Digital
(c) Hardware, Software
(d) Multimedia.
Answer:
(c) Hardware, Software

Question 4.
Input devices consists of …………… and …………… .
(a) Monitor, Printer
(b) RAM, Hard Disk
(c) Keyboard, Mouse
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard, Mouse

Question 5.
In Multimedia, Text is of …………… and …………… type.
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Raster, Bitmap
(c) Static, Hyper
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(c) Static, Hyper

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In how many types a video can be classified?
Answer:
Video can be divided into two types: Analog and Digital video.

Question 2.
There are how many types of text?
Answer:
There are two types of text, Static text and Hyper text.

Question 3.
Write the name of any one type of animation.
Answer:
Path animation.

Question 4.
Write any one application of Multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia can be used in the field of education; it is used to teach students visually.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an Animation?
Answer:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

Question 2.
What is Video?
Answer:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The most commonly used software for watching videos are: Quick Time, Real Player, window media player.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What is Multimedia Conferencing?
Answer:
Multimedia Conferencing is a process of interacting with various people all around the world using tools of multimedia like camera, microphone, a display and so on.
There are various software and applications that allow you to do that.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Multimedia? Explain the components of multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia is a form of communication that combines different types of data such as text, audio, images, animations or video into a single presentation. Components of multimedia are as follow :
1. Text:
It is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages. In multimedia we can present text in a very attractive way using fonts, colors and styles. The most commonly used software for viewing text files are Microsoft Word, Notepad, Word Pad etc.
We can use two types of text in multimedia

(а) Static Text: Static text is a simple text that we use to type messages or other documents or given along with images to describe the image.
(b) Hypertext: Hypertext is text that contains links to other texts.

2. Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images. There are two types of images :

(a) Raster or Bitmap Images: Bitmap images are real images that are captured from digital cameras or scanners.

(b) Vector Images:
Vector images are drawn using lines, circles and other mathematical equations. These images remain smooth even when zoomed in. Vector imagery requires less memory to store and thus we can use less data to represent the image. These images are editable.

3. Audio:
In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc. Audio is an important part of multimedia because the concept that we cannot understand in the form of text, we explain in audio format. Some sound formats are :

(а) MIDI:
The full name of MIDI is Musical Instrument Digital Identifier. It is a communication tool developed for computers and electronic devices. It’s a flexible and easy way to create music projects in multimedia.

(b) Digital Audio: Digital audio is a better alternative to MIDI files. Digital sound files are created from predefined music to record live music.

4. Video:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The video is divided into two parts:

(a) Analog Videos:
Analog video is created in a video camera. Analog video, represents moving visual images (video) in the form of analog signals. The red, green and blue intensities are used to record these videos.

(b) Digital Videos:
Digital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. Digital video is audio/visual data in a binary format. Information is ‘ represented as a sequence of zeroes and ones.

5. Animation:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. Animation is a method in which images are shown as a video at high speed. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

  • Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
  • Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 2.
What are the requirements for multimedia?
Answer:
In multimedia, projects are created by combining text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. These projects require verity of hardware and software. The hardware and software commonly used in multimedia are as follows :

Hardware Requirements:
The following hardware is required to create multimedia apps. These hardware include inputs, outputs and storage devices.
1. Input Devices: Those devices which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer are called input devices. They add text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. to projects. The following are the input
devices used in multimedia,

  • Keyboard
  • Mouse
  • Scanner
  • Touch Screen
  • Microphone
  • Voice Recognition System
  • Digital Camera
  • Joystick
  • Light Pen

2. Output Devices:
Those devices which are used to receive data from a computer. For example: printing a document, displaying images on a screen and playing audio or video. Below are the names of some of the output devices.

  • Monitor
  • Audio Devices
  • Video Devices
  • Projectors
  • Speakers
  • Printers etc.

3. Storage Devices:
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called storage and the devices in which multimedia projects are stored are called storage devices. The following are some of the storage devices used to store multimedia projects :

  • Hard Disk Drive
  • Magnetic Tape
  • RAM if) External Disk Drive
  • CD-R, CD-RW, DVD
  • Pen Drive

Software Requirements:
Multimedia software is a tool used to edit and manage the key elements of multimedia such as text, graphics, sound, animation and video. The following are some of the specific software used for multimedia projects.

  • Adobe Director
  • Create Together
  • Media Blander
  • Media Works 6.2
  • Play mo
  • Multimedia Builder

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What is a Multimedia Presentation? What should we keep in mind before preparing Multimedia presentation?
Answer:
The multimedia presentations are electronic documents that can include text, diagrams, graphics, photographs, sounds, animations, video clips etc.
Multimedia presentations are used to convey a message to others using a variety of communication methods. These presentations usually include text, animation, video, audio or interactive features such as forms, popup and more. The following should be kept in mind when creating a multimedia presentation :

  • Text should be kept to a minimum in multimedia presentations.
  • The level of audio and music quality should be good.
  • The keyboard and mouse should be accessible for the convenience of the user.
  • Multimedia presentation should be effective and small in size.

Question 4.
Write down applications of multimedia.
Answer:
Following are the common areas of applications of multimedia :
1. Education: Multimedia is used to teach students in school and colleges. Nowadays multimedia CDs are used instead of text books.

2. Business:
Multimedia applications are used in business for marketing, advertising, network communications, online shopping and more. It is also used in commercial marketing to motivate customers to buy products.

3. Advertisement:
Advertising industry uses multimedia to promote businesses, products and services. Multimedia advertising is done using animations and graphic design. Television, radio and print advertising are the most common mediums used in advertising.

4. Entertainment:
Multimedia is widely used in the entertainment industry. It is used especially in movies and video games to create special effects. Music and video apps are a great example of multimedia in entertainment.

5. Public Places:
Multimedia is available in many public places like trade shows, libraries, railway stations, museums, malls, airports, banks, hotels and exhibitions in the form of kiosks. It provides information to the customers and helps them.

6. Software:
Software engineers can use multimedia in computer entertainment to design everything from entertainment to digital games; it can be used as a learning process.

7. Medical Services:
Multimedia also use in Hospitals. For surgery methods, Tiny digital cameras are inserted in human body and it displays the inner scene of the body. In this way the medical practitioners were able to see the inner part without examine it.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Introduction to Multimedia Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Coral Draw is …………… software.
(a) Text
(b) Word
(c) System
(d) Graphics.
Answer:
(d) Graphics.

Question 2.
Graphics are of …………… type.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 3.
The movement of graphics is called …………… .
(a) Motion
(b) Move
(c) Animation
(d) Effect.
Answer:
(c) Animation

Question 4.
…………… video is created in a video camera.
(a) Analog
(b) Digital
(c) Motion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Analog

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 5.
…………… devices are used to receive data from a computer.
(a) Input
(b) Storage
(c) Output
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Output

Question 6.
A group of slides is known as a slide …………… .
(a) Group
(b) Deck
(c) Bunch
(d) Presentation.
Answer:
(b) Deck

Question 7.
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called …………… .
(a) Storage
(b) Video
(c) Table
(d) Document.
Answer:
(a) Storage

Question 8.
Full form of the RTF is …………… .
(a) Read Table Format
(b) Rich Text Format
(c) Read Text Format
(d) Rich Table Format.
Answer:
(b) Rich Text Format

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

2. True/False

1. The combination of different media is called multimedia.
Answer:
True
2. In multimedia pictures can be animated and voice can be heard by the listeners.
Answer:
True
3. The size of the bitmap image is smaller than the vector image.
Answer:
False
4. Multimedia should be full of text.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

3. Write the Full Forms

Question 1
1. RTF
2. TIFF
3. DIB
4. BMP
5. GIF
6. JPEG
7. PNG
8. WAV
9. MP3
10. AIFF
11. WMA
12. RA
13. AVI
14. MPEG.
Answer:
1. RTF → Rich Text Format
2. TIFF → Tagged Image File Format
3. DIB → Device Independent Bitmap
4. BMP → Bitmap
5. GIF → Graphical Interface Format
6. JPEG → Joint Photographic Expert Group
7. PNG → Portable Network Graphics
8. WAV → Wave form Audio File Format
9. MP3 → MPEG Layer 3 Format
10. AIFF → Audio Interchange File Format
11. WMA → Windows Media Audio
12. RA → Real Audio Format
13. AVI → Audio/Video Interleave
14. MPEG → Moving Picture Expert Group.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Graphics?
Answer:
Graphic is an image or visual presentations of an object, displayed on a computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawing, graphics designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text and illustration.

Question 2.
What is Multimedia?
Answer:
Multimedia means more than one medium. Multimedia is a collection of many media. It includes a wide variety of media. When a lot of media like pictures, texts, sounds, movies etc. come together it becomes multimedia. Multimedia is being used as a means of entertainment, for education.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
Name the different media that make multimedia.
Answer:
The different media that make multimedia are as follow:

  • Text: Text is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages.
  • Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images.
  • Animation: Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other.
  • Audio: In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc..
  • Film: It is an essential part of multimedia. Movies impress the audience a lot.

Question 4.
What kind of hardware is required for multimedia?
Answer:
The hardware required for multimedia is as follows:

  • Sound Card
  • Monitor
  • C.D. Rom Drive
  • Microphone
  • Web or Digital Camera
  • Headphones.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 1.
What are the file formats used in multimedia?
Answer:
File Format for Multimedia:
File formats are designed to store specific types of information. Such as JPEG for storing raster data, AI for storing vector data, WAV and MPEG for storing audio data and video data.
Before reading about the file format in multimedia, we need to know how many types of files are in multimedia. Multimedia consists of 3 types of files which are mentioned ahead:

  • Uncompressed: These are the files which are not compressed and are capable of storing a large file size.
  • Lossless: Files that can be compressed and when they are compressed there is no loss in image quality such as (Vector images) which do not lose quality even when zoomed in and the image will remain clear.
  • Lossy: Files that lose their quality when compressed. Such as bitmap Images. The easiest way to find any file type is to look at the file extension. The file extension determines which file it is.

Question 2.
Write the types of multimedia presentations.
Answer:
Types of Multimedia Presentation
There can be many types of multimedia presentations, some of which are as follows:
1. Virtual Presentation:
Where hosts and viewers attend the presentation remotely, are becoming common place. It is a technology that allows us to gather information on any topic and create a virtual presentation using high technology hardware software tools.

2. Slide Presentation:
A slide is a presentation page. A group of slides is known as a slide deck. A slide show is a display of a series of slides or images in an electronic device or on a projection screen. A slide can be a 35 mm slide seen with a slide projector. Presentation slides can be created in many pieces of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, LibreOffice Effects, Preeze.

3. Web Presentations:
When we add audio, video, animation etc. to web pages instead of static photos and text, web Pages turn into web presentations.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 3.
What are the audio file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Audio File Format:
Audio file format is the file format used to store digital audio data on a computer system. Below are some audio file formats :
1. MP3:
The full form of MP3 is MPEG audio Layer-3. It is a standard technology and format that reduces the size of the file by one-tenth of the actual size and does not allow any loss in sound quality. The extension of these files is MP3.

2. WAV:
The most popular audio file format in Windows for storing compressed sound files. In order to the reduced the size of the files, these files can be converted to MP3 file format. The extension of these files is .WAV.

3. WMA (Window Media Audio):
These file formats are used to encode digital audio files similar to MP3. It can compress files at a higher rate than MP3. WMA files can be compressed to any size to match many different connection speeds or bandwidths. Their file extension is .wma.

4. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding):
The default audio format of Apple iTune. They work very well on Apple computing but do not work on web browsers. Their file extension is .aac.

5. Real Audio:
This format has been developed by Real Media to allow steaming of audio with low bandwidth. Its file extensions are ,rm, .ram.

Question 4.
What are the video file formats in multimedia?
Ans:
Video File Format:
Video files are a collection of images, audio and other data. The following are many different formats for encoding and saving video data.
1. AVI (Audio Video Interleave):
One of the oldest video formats developed by Microsoft. Due to its simple architecture, these files are able to run on different systems such as Windows, Macintosh, Linux. The file extension of these files is .avi.

2. MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group):
The first popular video format on the web is MPEG, These are compressed video files that can store both audio and video files. The file extension of these files is .mpeg.

3. MP4:
MP4 is one of the earliest digital video file formats introduced in 2001. Most digital platforms and devices support MP4. An MP4 format can store audio files, video files, still images and text. In addition, MP4 delivers high quality video with relatively small files. The file extension of these files is .mp4.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Question 5.
What are Image file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Image File Format:
There are many different image formats and image file extensions that can be used to create and save images to a computer. The most common image formats are listed below :
1. TIFF:
Stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF file format is widely used bit mapped file format. TIFF files originally use lossless compression. Today TIFF files also use lossy compression according to the requirement. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes.TIFF can store many different types of image such as 1 bit image, gray scale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. It is supported by many image editing applications, software used by scanners and photo retouching programs. The file extension of these files is .tiff.

2. BMP:
The bitmap file format (BMP) is a very basic format supported by most Windows applications. BMP files are uncompressed. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes. Therefore, these are not suitable for the internet. BMP can store many different type of image: 1 bit image, grayscale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. The file extension of these files is .bmp.

3. GIF (Graphics Interchange Formats):
The GIF format is one of the most popular on the Internet due to its compact size. They are widely used for web graphics, as they are limited to 256 colors and can be animated. The file extension of these files is .gif.

4. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Groups):
Jpeg is a “loosy” format meaning it compresses the image to make it a smaller file. Compression of the image causes loss of image quality but this loss is usually not noticeable. JPEG files are very common on the Internet and JPEG is a popular format for digital cameras. The file extension of these files is -jpeg.

5. PNG (Portable Network Graphics):
PNG files are a lossless image format designed to actually improve and convert GIF format. Unlike the 256 colors supported by GIF, PNG files can handle up to 16 million colors. The file extension of these files is .png.

6. RAW:
Raw images are images that are not processed by a camera or scanner. Most digital SLR cameras can shoot in RAW format. The file extension of these files is .raw.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 21 Media and Democracy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Media and Democracy Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 1-15 words.

Question 1.
Write the name of the electronic means of advertisement.
Answer:
Radio, television, and computers are the main electronic media. Even illiterate people can get information about the activity of the govt, and on that basis, they can form public opinion.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the Right to information?
Answer:
People can access any such information which affects them either directly or indirectly. It is actually a right to put a stoppage to the unfair functioning of some govt, officers, or a right to inquire on a personal level.

Question 3.
How many types of advertisements are there?
Answer:
These are of two types:

  1. Commercial advertisements.
  2. Social advertisements.

Commercial advertisements increase the demand for commodities while social advertisements help in social service and help to remove social evils.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What are the main objectives of advertising?
Answer:

  1. To give information about the product, e.g. where to purchase a thing and how to use it.
  2. To induce people to buy a product.
  3. To bring the concerned institution in the eyes of the public.

Question 5.
What do you mean by social advertisement?
Answer:
Through social advertisement, social welfare is promoted. Such advertisements alert the people against different diseases, disasters and vices. These also help to promote national unity and integrity.

II. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
What is there in Commercial advertising?
Answer:
Commercial advertising is attached to the buyers and consumers. Consumers include the buyers of goods like domestic usage goods (foodgrains, grocery, clothes), electronic goods (T.V., Refrigerator). The sellers adopt many means to attract lacs of consumers. The various media are newspapers, magazines, radio, television, internet etc. The oldest way of selling products is of the street hawker. Even today people selling vegetables, fruits use this method. People today resort to direct selling to increase their sales and also take the help of trade fairs etc.

Question 2.
What techniques are used by the advertisers to shape Public attitude towards their products?
Answer:

  1. Through street hawking.
  2. By advertising in newspapers and magazines.
  3. By advertising in radio and T.V.

Question 3.
Give name of some social advertisements related with Public Services.
Answer:
Social issues like family welfare, polio eradication, protection from cancer, AIDS awareness, stopping the female infanticide, commimitte coordination, national unity, blood donation, road safety etc. are the advertisements related to public services.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What is the need of regulations in advertisement?
Answer:
Advertisement is neither good nor bad but it is such a means which can be misused because it has the power to leave a deep impact on the society, so the advertisement which promotes bad products should be stopped: It can be done only by making proper laws, e.g. in America, there is a legal prohibition on the advertisement of tobacoo. So we can say that laws related to advertisement are very important.

Question 5.
Which ethics are required to be followed by the media?
Answer:

  • To broadcast full-fair information to the public.
  • To promote social welfare.
  • To create awareness among people so that they can become capable citizens.
  • Not to let communal tension prevail.
  • To promote information that should strengthen democracy.
  • To fulfill social responsibility properly.

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Media is the __________ to inform the people about the shortcomings of the existing system.
Answer:
means

Question 2.
Main role of Media is to provide __________
Answer:
information

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 3.
__________ means to fulfill one’s responsibilities properly.
Answer:
Morality

Question 4.
Advertising is different on the basis of their __________
Answer:
sales

Question 5.
To increase the ______________ the product is one of the main objectives of commercial advertisement.
Answer:
sales

Question 6.
__________ advertisements are in the favour of candidates and political parties.
Answer:
Commercial.

IV. True/False :

Question 1.
Various means to communicate information and ideas to a group of people is called media.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Press is known as the light-house of democracy.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Types of Advertisement-Commercial advertisement and Social-advertisement.
Answer:
True.

V. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Write name of the electronic means of Media?
(a) Newspaper
(b) Magazine
(c) Television.
Answer:
(c) Television.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 2.
Name the main types of advertisements.
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Six.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 3.
In which country Press is known as ligljt-house of Democracy?
(a) Afghanistan
(b) India
(c) China.
Answer:
(b) India.

VI. Activity:

Question 1.
Paste five pictures of some social advertisements on a chart paper and write 5 sentences each about their importance.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Media and Democracy Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is an electronic means of mass media?
(a) Television
(b) Computer
(c) Internet
(d) All of these
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 2.
The used in means of mass media keeps on changing all the times.
(a) Technology
(b) Language
(c) Form
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Technology.

Question 3.
Who invented the printing press?
(a) John Logie Berd
(b) Gutenberg.
(c) Graham Bell
(d) Henry Ford
Answer:
(b) Gutenberg.

Question 4.
Who invented Television?
(a) Graham Bell
(b) Gutenberg.
(c) John Logie Berd
(d) Henry Ford
Answer:
(c) John Logie Berd.

Question 5.
Different technologies used in mass media are quite.
(a) Cheap
(b) Expensive
(c) Ancient
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Expensive.

Question 6.
What is used in T.V. studio for mass media?
(a) Lights, Camera
(b) Machines of recording voice
(c) Satellite for transmission
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question 7.
Too much is required to get modern techniques of means of mass media.
(a) Money
(b) Humans
(c) Technology
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Money.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 8.
Which of these is the main source of income of T.V. Channels?
(a) Grant
(b) Advertisement
(c) Donation
(d) Government’s help.
Answer:
(b) Advertisement.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by media.
Answer:
Media is a means of contacting with public.

Question 2.
Give some examples of media?
Answer:
Newspapers, Radio, T.V., Cinema, Press, etc.

Question 3.
Which is the most important media?
Answer:
Press, which includes newspapers, magazines, books etc.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 4.
What is the importance of press?
Answer:
It is the most important media of democracy. It includes newspapers, magazines, books etc.

It brings people face to face with national and international news. It also gives information about the ideology, organization and programme of different political organizations.

Question 5.
What is the role of political parties as media?
Answer:
The political parties with the help of meetings, manifestoes, educate the people about the functions and weaknesses of the govt. They inform the public about various social problems. Thus political parties create public opinion and play an important role in expressing the public opinion.

Question 6.
How does the election help in creating balanced public opinion?
Answer:
At the time of elections the political parties inform the people about the deeds and misdeeds of the govt. So the people after listening to the ideas of different parties make their balanced opinion.

Question 7.
Which are the states that have passed the right to information ordinance?
Answer:
First of all it was done in Rajasthan in 2000. After that it has been passed by other states like Maharashtra, Karnataka, Goa and Punjab states.

Question 8.
What is the importance of the right to information?
Answer:
It is an important weapon to check the unlawful act – of corrupt officials.

Question 9.
Write the contribution of advertisement in the process of human development.
Answer:
It has an important role to play in the field of social welfare and social improvement. It induces and inspires the people to take up such activities which result in the welfare of the whole society.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Media and Democracy

Question 10.
What is the relationship between the media and advertising?
Answer:
There is a deep relationship between the two. It gives information about the activities and events happening in the world. It alerts the public against the functions of the govt. It is the spirit of democracy because it promotes this system. So media is also called the lighthouse of democracy.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Social Science Civics Chapter 19 Democracy – Representative Institutions

SST Guide for Class 7 PSEB Democracy – Representative Institutions Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in 1-15 words.

Question 1.
What do mean by Universal Adult Franchise?
Answer:
When all the adult electorates of the country have the right to vote, it is called Universal Adult Franchise. Sex, religion, caste, property do not become basis for discrimination.

Question 2.
Explain two stages of election process in India.
Answer:
1. Declaration of election date. In our country, the President or the Governor brings the election ordinance and on this basis, the Election Commission decides the election date.

2. Election of Candidates. Different political parties declare their candidates for different electoral areas which they think are popular enough to win the elections. Sometimes independent candidates supported by the political parties also participate in the election process.

Question 3.
Which government is known as representative government?
Answer:
In democracy, the citizens elect their representatives who make the government. These representatives make the policies and frame the laws. Such government is known as representative government.

Question 4.
What is the importance of representation in Democracy?
Answer:
In democracy there is the rule of the public. The population is so big that all citizens cannot directly participate in the administration. So they choose their representatives who make the government and indirectly it is the public’s own rule.

Question 5.
Who is authorised to cast vote in India?«
Answer:
Every person who is 18 years or more has the right to vote in India.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
What is the difference between two party system and multiparty system?
Answer:
When there are two main political parties in a country then it is called two.party system. This type of system is in America and England. In multiparty system, there are many parties. India has this kind of system.

II. Answer the following questions in 50-60 words :

Question 1.
What is the importance of representative system?
Answer:
There is a great importance of political parties in representative democracy. Most experts think that democracy is not possible without political parties. Every political party tries to make its own government. These parties put forward their programmes and policies before the general public. The party that makes the government, executes its programmes and policies. The opposition parties criticise the government and thus control its activities. Thus opposition also has a great role in representative democracy.

Question 2.
What is a secret ballot paper? What is its importance?
Answer:
Secret ballot is the basis of democracy. People do not want any interference in their right to vote and elect representatives. Nobody wants to disclose his/her choice. So, secret ballot is done for electing representatives. In India, there is a principle of ‘one person one vote’. When some person casts his/her vote, he/she needn’t tell anybody in whose favour the vote has been cast. This is called secret ballot. Through secret ballot, the government can be changed without any biased idea or negative thinking.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the importance of opposition party in democracy.
Answer:
The political parties which are not in majority, they cannot make government. So, these parties play the role of opposition. In democracy, the opposition has a great role to play. It is said if the opposition parties become weak, the democratic system can come to an end. On the contrary, if the opposition is allowed to work properly then democracy becomes strong. Infact the opposition represents the weaknesses of the government. The opposition not only criticizes the government but also tries to build healthy public opinion. Without its criticism, the government can become non accountable and dictator. The opposition keeps a regular control over the government by controlling its activities. Thus, the opposition does not let the government violate the rights of the citizens.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 4.
Write the functions of the political party.
Answer:
The following are the functions :
1. Contesting the elections and making the government: The most important function of political parties is to contest the elections. The objective is to run the administration. So, these parties choose their candidates and start their election campaign. They bring out their manifestoes and help to build public opinion. The party which wins the elections, runs the government and is accountable to the people. The parties which cannot make the government, play the role of healthy opposition.

2. To protect public interest: They criticize the policies of the government and give suggestions to improve the policies. So, the opposition protects the interests of the generahpublic.

Question 5.
Write any two functions of the opposition party.
Answer:
The opposition is the spirit of democracy. It stops dictatorship as well as controls the activities of the government. Its role in brief is as follows :
1. Control over ruling party: After victory in general elections the majority party makes the government. The electorates cannot control the government for five years. So, the opposition controls the activities of the government.

2. To stop the dictatorship: Sometimes the ruling party tries to act like a dictator because of its majority. The rights of citizens are violated. At such a situation, the opposition criticizes the government in and outside the Parliament.

3. Coordination in law-making Process: When the government brings ordinance to make laws, then the opposition argues on such ordinance and tries to see that whatever law is made, it is in favour of the general public and the country.

4. Passing the budget: Every year, the budget is presented by the government which give details about the income and expenditure of the government. It is an opportunity when the opposition may criticize the policies of the government. The opposition can compel the government to reduce the rates of taxation.

5. Control over executive: The opposition controls the government through no-confidence motion, attracting the attention motion, etc. The opposition parties keep the ministers on high alert by asking questions in the question hour.

Question 6.
What is the importance of election in democracy?
Answer:
Elections are the basis of democracy. The importance is as follows :

  • All citizens cannot run the government. So, they must elect representatives.
  • The pubic can change government through elections only.
  • The executive is made through the medium of elections.
  • Through elections, the administration becomes stable.

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There is __________ democracy in India.
Answer:
Representative

Question 2.
An independent institution which conduct elections in our country is known as __________
Answer:
Election Commission

Question 3.
An adult of __________ years has right to vote in India.
Answer:
18

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 4.
__________ and country has dual party system.
Answer:
U.S.A.

Question 5.
One citizen one vote is based on the principle of __________
Answer:
equality.

IV. True/False :

Question 1.
In India, now adulthood is attained by the age of 18 years.
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
In India, there is two party system.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The opposition not merely criticise the government in Parliament and State Legislature but it also helps to formulate Public Opinion.
Answer:
True

V. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
What is the age of adulthood in India?
(a) 18 years
(6) 24 years
(c) 22 years.
Answer:
(a) 18 years.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 2.
For how many years Lok Sabha members are elected?
(a) Four years
(b) Two years
(c) Five years.
Answer:
(c) Five years.

Question 3.
When was Indian National Congress established?
(a) 1920
(b) 1885
(c) 1960.
Answer:
(b) 1885.

VI. Activities:

Question 1.
Write name of the President of the Party in power and opposition party in your state.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Write the name of M.LA. of your constituency and discuss with your teacher the development work done by him in your area.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Guide Democracy – Representative Institutions Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
In India right to vote is given to those who have age of __________ years or more.
(a) 18
(b) 21
(c) 24
(d) 25
Answer:
(a) 18.

Question 2.
In India, elections are conducted by
(a) Government
(b) Election Commission
(c) Supreme Court
(d) President.
Answer:
(c) Election Commission.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 3.
There are members in the election commisSiOn.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(e) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(b) Three.

Question 4.
Election symbols to political parties are allotted by the __________
(a) Government
(b) Supreme Court
(c) Election Commission
(d) President.
Answer:
(c) Election Commission.

Question 5.
Which of these is a function of political parties?
(a) To contest elections
(b) To form government
(c) To create public opinion
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
Which of these is the function of the opposition party?
(a) Control over ruling party
(b) Control over executive
(c) Coordination in law making process
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a brief note on Election Commission.
Answer:
In India, to conduct elections there has been an independent institution called Election Commission. It is its job to conduct free and fair elections. Its chief is called Chief Election Commissioner who is appointed by the President of India. The Election Commission is responsible for conducting eleetions«at every level like the Parliament, state legislatures, local bodies, etc.

Question 2.
What do you mean by ‘one person one vote’?
Answer:
It means every person is equal in the eyes of law.

Question 3.
What is the strong basis of ‘Universal Adult Franchise’?
Answer:

  • This right is based upon political equality.
  • It is required for true democracy.
  • It makes the government accountable.

Question 4.
What do you mean by by-election?
Answer:
Sometimes when some member of Parliament or state legislature, dies or his seat falls vacant because of his resignation or some other reasons, then the election is conducted for that seat. It is called by-election.

Question 5.
How do the electorates cast their votes?
Answer:
During election time, election booths are maintained in each and every area. The returning officer is the controller of the elections. The names of adult citizens are entered in the register of electorates. The electorates turn by turn cast their votes by showing their identity cards. These days the voting is done through electronic voting machines.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 6.
Write brief note on the following :
Answer:
1. Filing of nominations and taking back the names. The candidates approved by the political parties file their nominations. The returning officer examines these nominations and these are rejected or accepted. The accepted candidates can take back their nomination by fixed date. After that a final list of candidates is prepared and on this basis the voting machines and the election symbols are prepared.

2. Providing election symbols. The national parties had their fixed election symbols. The election symbols are very important for illiterate people because these help to identify the candidates.

3. Election manifestoes. Every political party introduces election manifestoes for victory in the elections. These include their programmes and promises which affect the electorates. The electorates come to know of the programmes and policies to be adopted after the victory of their candidates.

4. Election campaign. It is for the victory of the candidates. They print posters, take out processions, hold public meetings, indulge in door-to-door campaigning and even hold road shows to attract the electorates. It has to be stopped 48 horns before the elections.

5. Counting of votes and the results. At the predetermined hour, the counting is done in front of representatives of the candidates. The candidate who obtains the maximum votes is declared the winner.

Question 7.
What is a political party?
Answer:
The combination of people who have been together on the basis of a unified political ideology is called a political party. Any person can become a member of any political party.

Question 8.
What are the two types of political parties in India?
Answer:
In India there are’ two types of political parties. National parties and state parties. They work countrywide. If a political party has its influence in four or five states, then the Election Commission grants it the status of national party, e.g. Congress, BJP, BSP, CPI, etc. But some parties have influence in one or two states. These are called state parties like Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab.

Question 9.
Which is the oldest political party in India?
Answer:
Indian National Congress was established in 1885.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Democracy - Representative Institutions

Question 10.
What is joint government or what is coalition government?
Answer:
If a single party fails to get a majority, then it makes government with the help and cooperation of other parties. Such a government is called a coalition government. The first time this government was made was in 1977. From 1999 to 2004 also, there was a coalition of 13 political parties. Even these days also, the UPA government at the Centre is a coalition government. In a coalition government, members of different parties get a chance to become ministers which are not possible under normal circumstances.

Question 11.
What is the difference between the general elections and mid-term elections?
Answer:
General elections are those which are conducted after five years but if the legislature is prorogued and re-elections are conducted, it is called mid-term elections.

Question 12.
Give any two policies of the Indian National Congress.
Answer:
The following are the main policies:

  1. The most important policy of this party is to reduce the rich-poor gap. In other words, this party wants democratic socialism.
  2. According to this party, there should be no discrimination on the basis of religion. All religions should be respected equally.
  3. The party believes in agro-based industrialization for the development of agriculture. The policy of this party is to develop the means of irrigation.
  4. To create means of employment in rural areas for removing poverty.
  5. To establish friendly relations with the foreign countries and to reduce conflicts with them amicably.
  6. To promote foreign trade for improving the economic situation of India.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Water: A Precious Resource Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 202)

Question 1.
Name three activities by which water is being wasted?
Answer:
Three activities during which water is wasted:

  1. Water pipe leakage.
  2. Washing dishes with running water.
  3. Use of laundry machine with fewer clothes.

Question 2.
Should we check the wastage of water and why?
Answer:
We must control water wastage. Reduce water wastage by purifying water and reusing it at homes, factories, farms and social organizations. Doing so reduces pollution and also saves water.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 203)

Question 1.
…………………. is the process by which water is converted from its liquid state to a gaseous state.
Answer:
Evaporation.

Question 2.
………………….. is the process by which water is converted from its gaseous state to a liquid state.
Answer:
Condensation.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Water: A Precious Resource Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The water we drink is in ……………………. state.
Answer:
liquid

(ii) The process of seeping of water into the soil is called …………………. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(iii) The upper level of groundwater is called ………………… .
Answer:
Unsaturated area

(iv) ………………. means dealing with water in the best possible ways.
Answer:
Water Management

(v) A farmer can use water economically in the field, by …………….. .
Answer:
Drip irrigation system

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Write True or False:

(i) Water cycle helps in maintaining water on the earth.
Answer:
True

(ii) About 97% of total water present on the earth is freshwater.
Answer:
False

(iii) Repair leaking taps and pipes at the earliest.
Answer:
True

(iv) We are quickly moving towards global water crisis.
Answer:
True

(v) Turn on taps while brushing.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (a) Oceans and sea
2. Saline w-ater (b) Rivers and ponds
3. Fresh water (c) Gaseous state of water
4. Water vapour (d) Purest form of water
5. Rain water (e) Solid state of water

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
1. Ice (e) Solid state of water
2. Saline w-ater (a) Oceans and sea
3. Fresh water (b) Rivers and ponds
4. Water vapour (c) Gaseous state of w-ater
5. Rain water (d) Purest form of water

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is responsible for depletion of groundwater ?
(a) Increasing population
(b) Increasing industries
(b) Deforestation
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (ii)
The Punjab preservation of subsoil water act was passed in the year:
(a) 2009
(b) 2010
(c) 2008
(d) 2015.
Answer:
(a) 2009.

Question (iii)
The world water day is celebrated every year on:
(a) 22 April
(b) 24 March
(c) 22 March
(d) 22 May.
Answer:
(c) 22 March.

Question (iv)
Ocean and seas cover about ………………… of the earth surface.
(a) 75%
(b) 71%
(c) 81%
(d) 29%.
Answer:
(a) 75%.

Question (v)
We should not keep taps running while:
(a) Brushing
(b) Shaving
(c) Bathing
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What do you mean by groundwater ?
Answer:
This water is present on the upper layer of Earth in gaps between the soil particles, inside the broken rocks is accumulated. This water automatically rises to the surface in the form of a waterfalls. This water can be brought to the surface of the earth through tube wells.

Question (ii)
Why is sea and ocean water not fit for drinking ?
Answer:
The water of the Sea and oceans is not drinkable because of excess salt present in it. One litre of seawater contains 35 grams of salt. By drinking this water dehydration, kidney failure, fainting and even death can occur.

Question (iii)
Define aquifers.
Answer:
Wet Rock Layers. In many places there are layers of hard rock beneath the water table in which water get collected. These layers of rock are called wet rock layers.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question (iv)
Name the three states of water.
Answer:
State of Water. The three states of water are:

  1. Solid (in ice form),
  2. liquid (plain water) and
  3. Gas (vapours)

Question (v)
How is groundwater recharged ?
Answer:
Ways to recharge ground water:

  1. Rainwater can be used to replenish groundwater.
  2. Farmers in the field can save water through drip irrigation system By doing so water may be replenished.
  3. Administration should manage water supply for houses and should keep a check on water leakage.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Enlist some activities by which water is being wasted by people.
Answer:
The following are some of the human activities that waste a lot of water:

  1. Brushing and shaving with a running tap.
  2. Watering the garden in the afternoon during the summer season. If we water plants between 5 and 7 in the morning then evaporation of water will be less.
  3. Cleaning kitchen utensils under a running tap will require a lot of water.
  4. Washing utensils in the dishwasher when the dishwasher is not full.
  5. Washing clothes when the washing machine is not fully loaded with clothes.
  6. Bathing under running taps or sitting under a shower for long a time.

Question (ii)
How will you minimize the use of water to maintain a garden ?
Answer:
We can reduce water consumption in the garden by :
1. Irrigating garden in the morning or in the evening and not in the afternoon during summer season will reduce water consumption as less water vapours will be formed at this time.

2. Irrigation of the garden should be done with drip irrigation system or sprinkler from which only that amount of water will be supplied as much is required i.e. water will not be wasted.

Question (iii)
How is water important to us ?
Answer:
Importance of Water.
Water is one of the most important resources on earth. All living things need water to survive. In addition to drinking, human beings need water for cooking, bathing, washing clothes, washing utensils, cleaning teeth, cleaning house. Water is also required to generate electricity, for agricultural purpose to manufacture and various utilities.

Question (iv)
How increase in human population is leading to depletion of water table ?
Answer:
Human Population Growth is Responsible for depletion of water table.
As human population is growing rapidly, so does the demand for water for its daily needs. Groundwater is often used for the construction of homes, shops, offices, roads, railways and many other purposes. Such construction also reduces the area under which rainwater seeps underground. In this way we are not only consuming groundwater but also reducing groundwater seepage.

As a result of this ground water level falls. To meet the needs of the growing population, more and more industries need to be set up which makes more use of ground water which causes the groundwater level to fall further. Trees are cut down to meet the needs of the growing population, which deteriorates the water cycle. This is the reason why there is depletion of water table percolating.

Question (v)
Why do plants wilt and finally dry up if they do not get water for some days ?
Answer:
If we don’t water plants it result in dehydration of leaf cells and stems, from which the as a result of which plant, wither without standing upright and die after some time.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
What steps will you take to save water ?
Answer:
Steps to save water. We can save water by taking the following steps:

  1. By stopping water leakage from pipes and taps.
  2. By keeping water taps closed while brushing and shaving.
  3. Instead of washing the floor with fresh water, use mop and reuse laundry water in toilets.
  4. Wash vegetables and fruits with water in a large vessel instead washing them of under a running tap, and finally pour this water into the plants.
  5. Avoid of washing your vehicle (car or scooter) in running fresh water, wash it with a bucket full of water.
  6. Collecting rainwater and using it for various purposes such like cleaning and gardening.
  7. Planting new plants during the rainy season.
  8. By making people aware about water conservation techniques.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Water: A Precious Resource Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the blanks:

(i) People obtain the ground water through ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
Tubewells and boring pipes

(ii) Three forms of water are …………….. ,………………. and ………………. .
Answer:
Solid, Liquid, Gas

(iii) The water bearing layer of the earth is ……………….. .
Answer:
Water table

(iv) The process of water seepage into the ground is called ……………….. .
Answer:
Infiltration

(v) …………………. of human body is made of water.
Answer:
70%

(vi) …………………. of sline water is available on surface of earth.
Answer:
97%

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

2. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (b) Wet rock layer
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (c) The water cycle
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Falling groundwater level (d) Increasing population, increasing industry, deforestation
(ii) Maintain the total amount of water on earth (c) The water cycle
(iii) Drip Irrigation System (a) Farmers can save water in the fields
(iv) Water between layers of rocks below the water table. (b) Wet rock layer.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The total water:
(a) in the lakes and rivers of the world remains constant.
(b) under the ground remains constant.
(c) in the seas and oceans of the world remains constant.
(d) of the w’orld remains constant.
Answer:
(d) of the world remains constant.

Question (ii)
Which one of the following is not responsible for water shortage ?
(a) Rapid growth of industries
(b) Increasing population
(c) Heavy rainfall
(d) Mismanagement of water resources.
Answer:
(c) Heavy rainfall

Question (iii)
The surface of earth is covered with water:
(a) 20%
(b) 29%
(c) 71%
(d) 30%.
Answer:
(c) 71%.

Question (iv)
How much fresh water is available on earth?
(a) 0.003%
(b) 1%
(c) 71%
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(b) 1%.

3. State True or False

(i) The fresh water stored in the ground is much more than that is present in the rivers and lakes in the world.
Answer:
True

(ii) Water shortage is a problem faced only by the people living in rural areas.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

(iii) Water from rivers is the only source for irrigation in the fields.
Answer:
False

(iv) Rain water is the ultimate source of water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structure, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
Name the various sources of water.
Answer:
Sources of Water. The various natural sources of water are:

  1. Rain water
  2. Well water
  3. River water
  4. Pond water
  5. Lake water
  6. Sea water
  7. Spring water.

Question 3.
Which day is celebrated as world water day ?
Answer:
22nd March.

Question 4.
What is significance of ‘water day’ ?
Answer:
To cause awareness among the people about the importance of conserving water.

Question 5.
Is water abundant every where ?
Answer:
No, the distribution of water all over the world is not even.

Question 6.
What are water vapours ?
Answer:
Water in gaseous form.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 7.
How is water supplied in cities ?
Answer:
By a network of pipes.

Question 8.
What is water table ?
Answer:
Water Table. The upper limit of layer of water filled in gaps and crevices of rocks is called water table.

Question 9.
How is deforestation responsible for depletion of water table ?
Answer:
By deforestation, the effective area for seepage of water decreases.

Question 10.
Which floor allows water to seep through it, Kaccha floor or Pucca floor ?
Answer:
Kacha floor.

Question 11.
What are deserts ?
Answer:
Deserts. Deserts are areas which get scanty rainfall.

Question 12.
What are the causes of floods ?
Answer:
Excessive rainfalls.

Question 13.
What happens when it doesn’t rain ?
Answer:
Drought occurs due to lack of rainfall.

Question 14.
Who is responsible for preventing loss of precious water in cities ?
Answer:
Sivil Authority.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water: A Precious Resource

Question 15.
What is full form of NGO ?
Answer:
NGO. Non Government Organization.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How does water occur in nature ?
Answer:
Water is one of the most widely distributed and abundant substances occuring in nature. It occurs in nature as follows:

  1. Water occurs in wells, oceans, lakes, rivers, springs, etc.
  2. Water occurs as rain water and underground water.
  3. Water occurs in the form of ice and snow in colder regions.
  4. Water is present in the atmosphere in the form of water vapours.

Question 2.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. to use it in need is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting,

  1. To increase the availability of water.
  2. To store water for later use.

Question 3.
What are the causes of wastage of water ?
Answer:
Causes responsible for wastage of water:

  1. Leaking of taps
  2. supply of water through pipes.

Question 4.
What happens when plants are not watered for a few days ?
Answer:
Plants will dry up, if not watered for a few days.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the water cycle process with the help of diagram.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Water A Precious Resource 1
Water Cycle:
There is a constant supply of water on Earth through various natural methods. All these methods together form the water cycle. During the water cycle, water gets to the earth in one of its three forms:
(i) solid (ii) liquid and (iii) gas. Water from earth’s available groundwater sources – oceans, lakes, rivers, lakes, etc. – evaporates through the sun’s heat and remains in the atmosphere. These water vapours condense to form cloud water and fall on the earth in the form of rain. In the solid state, water is in the form of ice and snow on the poles of the earth and in the form of glaciers in the mountains. Together they form the entire water cycle.

  1. Groundwater,
  2. Evaporation,
  3. Condensation,
  4. Clouds,
  5. Precipitation,
  6. Rain.

Question 2.
Explain the factors responsible for groundwater depletion.
Answer:
Factors responsible for the fall in water levels are:
(1) Population growth,
(2) Industrial and agricultural activities,
(3) Low rainfall,
(4) Deforestation,
(5) Decrease in the area for water absorption etc.
are some of the factors which are some of the factors for lowering the ground level.

1. Population growth.
As the population grows, the demand for construction of buildings, shops, offices, roads, and many other institutions increases. This leads to a reduction in open areas such as farmland and playgrounds. Due to this the rate of absorption of rainwater in the soil decreases. Due to this the groundwater level is constantly drying up.

2. Growing Industries.
Water is being used by all industries. Water is needed in the production of everything. Water used by most industries is extracted from the land.

3. Agriculture.
Many farmers depend on rainfall for the irrigation of crops. Irregular rainfall reduces the availability of water. Therefore farmers have to use groundwater for irrigation. Due to population growth, the use of groundwater for agriculture is increasing day by day. As a result, groundwater levels continue to fall.

4. Poor management of water.
When water is supplied through pipes, leakage occurs in the supply pipes which causes a lot of water loss and therefore causes groundwater levels to fall.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 6 Value of sports

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Value of sports Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write down the names of 10 big & ten small games.
Answer:
Big Games: Footbal, Hockey, Cricket, Netball, Throw ball, Volleyball, Kabaddi, Kho-Kho, Wrestling, Boxing.
Small Games: Touch & go, Tag games Shadow games, hide & seek, Pick the handkerchief. Searching the leader Cat & Mouse, Peeling the skin, Masula-Ghori, Jang-Planga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the fundamental skills of a man? How did the games of today originate from these fundamental skills?
Answer:
Walking Running, Jumping, Throwing all are fundamental skills. All these fundamental skills are improved along with other industries of civilization and we have convert this fundamental skills to this games which spread out in the whole world.

Question 3.
What are the uses of games for man?
Answer:

  • Development & growth of body
  • Proper use of Leisure time
  • Full control over Emotions
  • Obedience
  • Spirit of co-operation
  • Punctuality
  • Tolerance
  • Self-Confidence
  • Firm determination
  • Spirit of competition.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What Qualities does a man learn by participating in games?
Answer:

  • Good health
  • Conditioned body
  • Full control over emotions
  • Development of intelligence
  • Development of character
  • Development of will power
  • Spirit of brotherhood
  • Leadership
  • International Co-operation
  • Competitional Co-operation

Question 5.
How games are useful for a country?
Answer:

  • International Co-operation: Teams of one country go to another countries to play the game. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.
  • Good Citizenship: The spirit of sportsmanship that a player is expected to have, helps him become a good citizen.
  • Prominent Leaders: A nation need good & experienced leaders in order to make progress. Games help produce good leaders.
  • Nation Integration: Keeing the nation as one integrated unit was one of the major issues after independence. Games played an important role in keeping the united nation.
  • Strong defence: A country needs strong, healthy & disciplined soldied to able to defend its borders.

Question 6.
What is the importance of games at the international level?
Answer:
Teams of one country go to other for play the games. This helps in creating a feeling of friendship between different countries.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Value of sports Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name of big game.
(A) Football, Hockey, Cricket, Table Tennis
(B) Kho-Kho, Basketball
(C) Badminton, Wrestling and Kabaddi
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 2.
Name the small games.
(A) Touch and go, Tag games, shadow games
(B) Cat and mouse
(C) Raja Rani, Circle Kho-Kho
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Main skill of man.
(A) Walking
(B) Running
(C) Jumping and throwing
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 4.
What are the uses of games for Man?
(A) Development of body and mind
(B) Proper use of leisure time
(C) Full control over emotion
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 5.
What qualities does a man born in sports?
(A) Health
(B) Conditioning Body
(C) Development of intelligence
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 6.
How games are useful for a country?
(A) Nation integration
(B) Strong defence
(C) Prominent leader
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In early time how a man can spend his life?
Answer:
Jungli.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
In How many types of games are divided?
Answer:
Big & Small games.

Question 3.
What are Indian games?
Answer:
Wrestling, Kabaddi and Kho-Kho.

Question 4.
What are the natural and interested activities of Child?
Answer:
Games.

Question 5.
Endurance firm-decision, confidence, how these all responsibilities comes in our minds?
Answer:
By Games.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the international quality of game?
Answer:
When an particular game of a nation go to other country to play. Which develop the quality of friendship at international spirit with this love & affection all the enimity of the country disappears. and peace prevails among the countries. Sports play an important role in person to person & country to country for brotherhood & peace.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Value of sports

Question 2.
What are the importance of physical activity in human life?
Answer:
Very beginning of childhood when starts some type of activity it is inborn qualities as soon as he becomes elder the activity is increased according to age. These are divided into 2 parts.
1. Natural activities.
2. Traditional activities.
All the games come in traditional activities. Men become physically & mentally strong in sports.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Physical Education Chapter 5 Yoga

Physical Education Guide for Class 7 PSEB Yoga Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What do you mean by Yoga?
Answer:
The objective of Yoga is unity, union and love. In simple words we can say that yoga means the union of man and God. Science that unites man & God is called Science of Yoga.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What is Yoga according to Rishi Patanjali?
Answer:
To control the insticts of our mind’s called Yoga.

Question 3.
Write any one definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human being from darkness to light.

Question 4.
What do you mean by the word Asanas?
Answer:
Asana is an old method of Yoga which makes the base of Pranayam, Dhyan & Smadhi. Asana word means art of sitting. According to scripture Yoga Sutra written by Patanjali Asana is that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Question 5.
How many types are there of Asanas? Write in detail.
Answer:

  1. Cultural Asana: Asana which performed to strengthen body are called cultural Asana.
  2. Meditative Asana: These type of asana is used to the smadhi or meditation.
  3. Relaxative Asana: These asanas are done in lying position. The objective of this asana is give relaxation to the body.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 6.
Yoga is only a method of treatment. Write your views regarding this statement.
Answer:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some People assume that Yoga is a method of a treatment & meant for only these people who are suffering from any disease. Yoga can be done by any healthy person & he can save his body from any disease.

Question 7.
What is Objective of Yoga?
Answer:
Objective of Yoga is to unite love & affection with each other. With the help of Yoga we can control our mind.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Guide Yoga Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How many types are there of Asanas?
(A) Three
(B) Two
(C) One
(D) None.
Answer:
(A) Three

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Question 2.
What do you mean by Yoga?
(A) Adding
(B) Union
(C) Union of Man with God
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 3.
Principle of Yoga.
(A) While doing Asana we should take care of sex and age
(B) Do not exert much force while doing Asanae
(C) Aaanas should be done empty stomach
(D) All the above.
Answer:
(D) All the above.

Question 4.
Misconceptions of Yoga
(A) Yoga is related to a particular sect
(B) The yoga is meant for men
(C) The Yoga is only for sick person
(D) All the above
Answer:
(D) All the above

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Yoga in detail.
Answer:
Yoga word derived from Sanskrit word Yoga which means unite the soul with God.

Question 2.
Write any definition of Yoga.
Answer:
Yoga is that path which leads a human from darkness of light

Question 3.
Write any one misconception of Yoga.
Answer:
It is related with particular religion.

Question 4.
What is asana?
Answer:
Asana La that situation of a person in which he can sit maximum for time comfortably.

Short Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write any three principles of Asana.
Answer:

  • Do not exert much force while doing Asana. Body should, be in static & comfortable position.
  • Asanas should be done empty stomach or four hours after taking meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant ladies do not do difficult asanas.

PSEB 7th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 5 Yoga

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the misconceptions of Yoga?
Answer:
1. The Yoga is related to a particular Sect:
Yoga was started in India by hermits. Many people consider that Yoga is related to Hindu religion & they consider that Yoga is meant for Hindus Only.

2. That Yoga is meant for men:
Many people consider that people doing Yoga, have to follow strict rules. Hence, it can be done by men only. It is meant for women.

3. That Yoga is’only for sick person:
Many diseases are possible to treat with the help of Yoga. Some people assume that Yoga is a method of treatment & meant for only those people who are suffering from diseases.

Question 2.
Write principles of Asanas.
Answer:

  • Asana should be done empty stomach or four hours after meals.
  • Heart Patients & pregnant women should not do difficult Asanas.
  • Body should be bent slowly while doing asana. Do not give Jerks while doing asanas.
  • Do not exert much force while doing asanas.
  • The place for doing the practice of asanas should be clean & peaceful.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Transportation in Animals and Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 131)

Question 1.
What is pulse rate ?
Answer:
Pulse rate. The number of times a person’s heart beats per minute, called pulse rate.

Question 2.
Where can we feel the pulse ?
Answer:
We can feel the pulse on the neck, behind the knee and near the ankle and wrist joints.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 134)

Question 1.
What is a stethoscope ?
Answer:
Stethoscope. Doctors use a stethoscope to hear the sounds of the heart and lungs inside the patient’s body while examining his condition. The stethoscope has a chest piece at one end and an ear piece at the other end. The two pieces are connected by a rubber tube.

Question 2.
Is there any relationship between heart beat and pulse rate ?
Answer:
Both the pulse rate and the heart rate are the same because the contraction of the heart increases the blood pressure in the arteries which is detected by the pulse rate. Therefore, a pulse test is a direct measure of the heart rate.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 137)

Question 1.
Define osmosis.
Answer:
Osmosis. This is the process by which a solvent passes through a semi-permeable membrane from a low-concentration solution to a solution of high concentration so that the concentration of solutions on both sides of the membrane become equal.

Question 2.
Define semi-permeable membrane.
Answer:
Semi-permeable membrane. It is a type of organic or organic polymer membrane through which some molecules or ions (charged particles) can pass through diffusion.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Transportation in Animals and Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) In plants, water and minerals are transported by ………………. .
Answer:
Roots

(ii) Doctors use …………………. to listen the internal sounds of the body.
Answer:
stethoscope

(iii) Sweat contains water and …………………
Answer:
salts

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

(iv) The blood vessels having thick elastic walls are called ………………….
Answer:
artery

(v) The rhythmic contraction and expansion of heart is called …………………..
Answer:
heartbeat

2. State True or False:

(i) Phloem vessels transport food materials in plants.
Answer:
False

(ii) Deoxygenated blood is carried back to heart by veins.
Answer:
True

(iii) The veins have thick walls.
Answer:
True

(iv) Blood plasma is the solid component of blood.
Answer:
False

(v) The red colour of blood is due to the presence of plasma.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Transport of water (a) Stomata
(ii) Red in colour (b) Xylem
(iii) Exchange of gases (c) Haemoglobin
(iv) Blood clotting (d) Phloem
(v) Transport of food (e) Platelets

 Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Transport of water (b) Xylem
(ii) Red in colour (c) Haemoglobin
(iii) Exchange of gases (a) Stomata
(iv) Blood clotting (e) Platelets
(v) Transport of food (d) Phloem

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Blood cells responsible for clotting are:
(a) Plasma
(b) WBC’s
(c) RBC’s
(d) Platelets
Answer:
(d) Platelets.

Question (ii)
The lower chambers of heart are called:
(a) Atria
(b) Valves
(c) Veins
(d) Ventricles
Answer:
(b) Valves.

Question (iii)
The excretory system consists of:
(a) Kidney
(b) Bladder
(c) Urethra
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (iv)
The muscular organ which beats continuously to act as a pump
(a) Auricles
(b) Kidney
(c) Heart
(d) Veins.
Answer:
(c) Heart.

Question (v)
Blood contains:
(a) Plasma
(b) WBC’s
(c) RBC’s
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why is blood red in colour ?
Answer:
Red colour of blood is due to a pigment called haemoglobin which is a protein. It combines with iron molecules to form a complex compound and carries oxygen to different parts of the body. Due to the high amount of iron in it, it reflects the red color, which makes the colour of blood red.

Question (ii)
Define translocation.
Answer:
Translocation. The process of transmitting food materials from the leaves to other parts of the plant is called translocation.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iii)
What is dialysis ?
Answer:
Dialysis. If a person’s both kidneys are damaged, the blood does not get filtered properly, causing harmful solids and fluid to pile up in the body. Such person cannot live long unless his blood is filtered regularly through an artificial kidney. The process of removing toxins from the blood with the help of a machine (artificial kidney), is called dialysis.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State three functions of blood.
Answer:
Functions of blood:

  1. Oxygenated blood transfers nutrients to the lungs and tissues.
  2. The blood carries the waste products to the kidneys.
  3. The blood carries antibodies to fight infection.
  4. Blood controls body temperature.

Question (ii)
Name the parts of excretory system in humans.
Answer:
Parts of Excretory System in humans. The following are the main components of the humipi excretion system :

  1. Kidneys
  2. Ureters
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Urethra.

Question (iii)
Why do veins have valves ?
Answer:
The main function of the valves in the veins is to stop the blood from coming back because they have low blood pressure. That is, it is ensured that the blood is flowing in one direction. The valves in the veins help the blood to flow to the heart in the opposite direction of gravity.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write and explain the components of blood.
Answer:
Components of Blood. Blood is a fluid connective tissue, made up of four main components :
(1) Red blood cells,
(2) White blood cells,
(3) Platelets and
(4) Plasma.

(1) Red blood cells (R.B.C.). These contain proteins called haemoglobin which carry oxygen and carbon dioxide in the respiration process.

(2) White Blood Cells (W.B.C.). They destroy harmful bacteria and dead cells from the body and protects from infection.

(3) Platelets. They help build blood clotting. Thus stop the loss of precious blood.

(4) Plasma. It is also part of the blood, which contains proteins, hormones, glucose, fatty acids, amino acids, mineral salts, digestible and excretory substances. It is a major component of blood.

Question (ii)
Describe the function of Heart.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 1
Function of the Heart. The heart is an organ which beats continuously to act as a pump for the transportation of blood. The arteries receive oxygenated blood from the heart and supply it throughout the body. Whereas, the veins carry the deoxygenated blood from the body parts to the heart for oxygenation.

The right atrium receives blood from veins and pumps it to the right ventricle.
The right ventricle pumps the blood received from the right atrium to the lungs.
The left atrium receives oxygenated blood from the lungs and pumps it to the left ventricle. The left ventricle pumps the oxygenated blood throughout the body.
The valves in the heart allow blood to flow in only one direction and prevent the blood from flowing backwards.

Question (iii)
Draw a labelled diagram of excretory system.
Answer:
Diagram of Human Excretary System.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 2

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iv)
Differentiate between Arteries and Veins.
Answer:
Differences between the Arteries and Veins:

Arteries Veins
(1) The arteries carry blood from the heart to different parts of the body. (1) Veins collect blood from different parts of the body and carry it to the heart.
(2) They do not have valves. (2) They have valves.
(3) Their walls are thick. (3) Their walls are thin.
(4) All the arteries except the pulmonary artery carry pure blood. (4) Veins other than lung veins carry impure blood containing Carbon dioxide.
(5) These are present deep under the skin. (5) These are present at shallow depths under the skin
(6) Blood flow is fast and jerky. (6) Blood flow is slow.

Question (v)
Explain the transportation of substances in plants.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 3
Transport of substances in plants. Plants take water and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere to prepare their food with the help of chlorophyll in the presence of sunlight. Water and mineral salts are absorbed by the roots and transported to the leaves where photosynthesis takes place.

Transport of water and minerals in plants. Plants get water and minerals from the soil. This is usually done by the roots. The roots have root hairs which increase the surface area of the roots which helps the roots to absorb water and the minerals dissolved in it. The emission of water in the leaves creates a force of attraction which helps water and nutrients to reach the top of plant. Plants have pipe-like vessels to transport water and nutrients from the soil. Veins are made up of a special type of dead cell called a Xylem.

Transportation of Food. Food produced by photosynthesis in plant leaves needs to be transported to every part of the plant. The tissue responsible for transporting food to plants is called the Phloem. The phloem carries the glucose produced in the leaves to all parts of the plant. The process of transfer of food prepared in the leaves to other parts of the plant is called transport.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Transportation in Animals and Plants Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) The blood from heart is transported to all parts of the body by …………….. .
Answer:
Arteries

(ii) Haemoglobin is present in ………………. cells.
Answer:
Red blood

(iii) Arteries and veins are joined by a network of ……………………….
Answer:
Capillaries

(iv) The rhythmic expansion and contraction of heart is called ………………….
Answer:
Heart beat

(v) The main excretory product in human beings is ……………….. .
Answer:
Urine

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

(vi) Sweat contains water and ………………….
Answer:
Salts

(vii) Kidneys eliminate the waste materials in the liquid form called ………………. .
Answer:
Urine

(viii) Water reaches great height in the trees because of sunction pull caused by …………………….. .
Answer:
transpiration

2. Match the Column T with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Stomata (a) Absorption of water
(ii) Xylem (b) Transpiration
(iii) Root hairs (c) Transport of food
(iv) Phloem (d) Transport of water

 Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Stomata (b) Transpiration
(ii) Xylem (d) Transport of water
(iii) Root hairs (a) Absorption of water
(iv) Phloem (c) Transport of food.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How many chambers are there in human heart ?
(a) One
(b) Two
(c) Three
(d) Four.
Answer:
(d) Four.

Question (ii)
Name the instrument used to measure heart beat.
(a) Stethoscope
(b) Horoscope
(c) Microscope
(d) Telescope.
Answer:
(a) Stethoscope.

Question (iii)
Which is excretory organ of man ?
(a) Lung
(b) Kidney
(c) Stomach
(d) Heart.
Answer:
(b) Kidney.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question (iv)
What are the components of blood ?
(a) R.B.C.
(b) W.B.C.
(c) Blood platelets
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question (v)
What is heart beat rate per minute of a healthy human being ?
(a) 72-80
(b) 52-60
(c) 92-100
(d) 62-70.
Answer:
(a) 72-80.

Question (vi)
Which of the following is not a part of excretory system ?
(a) Kidney
(b) Lungs
(c) Urinary bladder
(d) Urethra.
Answer:
(b) Lungs.

4. State True or False:

(i) The transport of substances in Spirogyra occurs by diffusion method.
Answer:
True

(ii) Platelets are not required for blood clotting.
Answer:
False

(iii) Emissions in Hydra are not by diffusion method.
Answer:
False

(iv) Xylem and phloem are vascular tissues.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the main conducting tissues in plants ?
Answer:
Xylem and phloem are the main conducting tissues of plants.

Question 2.
What is the function of valves in heart ?
Answer:
Valves present in heart allow one way flow of blood.

Question 3.
Name the procedure used in the working of an artificial kidney.
Answer:
Haemodialysis.

Question 4.
To which part of body is urine carried through ureter ?
Answer:
Urinary bladder.

Question 5.
What is Urethra ?
Answer:
Urethra. It is a muscular tube which carries urine from urinary bladder to outside through the opening at its end.

Question 6.
Name the substance which is excreted by lungs.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.

Question 7.
What is dialysis ?
Answer:
Dialysis. The process of removing waste products form blood using artificial kidney in place of natural kidney, is called dialysis.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 8.
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
Transpiration. The loss of water in the form of water vapours from the surface of leaves is called transpiration.

Question 9.
What red pigment is present in red blood cells ?
Answer:
Haemoglobin.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are capillaries ? Give their functions.
Answer:
Capillaries. They are blood vessels present in the terminals of artery and vein. They are thin walled and extremely narrow tubes. Exchange of food materials, gases, w ater, hormones etc. take place across the thin walls of capillaries.

Question 2.
Name the parts of the human circulatory system.
Answer:
The circulatory system of the human body consists of:

  1. Heart, centrally located pump.
  2. Blood, liquid tissue.
  3. Arteries. Blood carrying tubes from the heart to different body parts.
  4. Veins. Blood bringing tubes from different body parts to the heart.
  5. Capillaries. Union of arteries and veins.

Question 3.
What are heart beat and pulse rate ?
Answer:
Heart beat. A heart beat consists of one auricular systole, one ventricular systole and then a short pause. At rest, human heart beats 72 times per minute. It can be listened with the help of stethoscope.

Pulse rate. When the ventricles contract, the blood is forced into the aorta and exerts the pressure on the wall of the aorta. The pressure difference between systole (about 120 mm Hg) and diastole (about 80 mm Hg) is known as pulse pressure (about 40 mm Hg). This blood pressure is expressed as 120/ 80. The heart beats 72 times per minute is referred to as the pulse rate.

Question 4.
Give reasons:
(i) Veins have valves at intervals in their inner lining whereas the arteries do not have valves.
(ii) The wall of the ventricles is thicker than that of the auricles.
(iii) The blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, but cannot go back from the pulmonary artery to the right ventricle.
(iv) The left auricle contains oxygenated blood.
(v) The red blood corpuscles cannot divide.
(vi) Pulmonary artery contains deoxygenated blood.
(vii) Auricles are thin walled chambers.
(viii) Left ventricle is much thicker and muscular than the right ventricle of the heart.
Answer:
(i) Veins are thin walled and collapsible. Their lumen is comparatively wide. They take deoxygenated blood from various parts of the body back to heart. To prevent the backflow of blood, valves are present at intervals.

Arteries are thick walled and non-collapsible. Their lumen is narrow. As the blood in arteries flows with jerks the latter do not have valves.

(ii) Since blood is supplied to different organs of the body by ventricles, their wall is thicker than those of auricles because a thick wall exerts more pressure on the blood.

(iii) The opening of right ventricle into the pulmonary artery is guarded by semilunar valves which allow the flow of blood from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery, but not in the reverse direction. Hence blood from the right ventricle enters the pulmonary artery, but cannot go back from pulmonary artery to right ventricle.

(iv) The left auricle contains oxygenated blood, because it receives blood from the lungs where blood is oxygenated.

(v) The red blood corpuscles cannot divide because they lack nuclei.

(vi) Pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the lungs for oxygenation.

(vii) Auricles are collecting chambers for the blood, so they are thin walled to accommodate large volume of blood.

(viii) Left ventricle has to pump blood all over the body, under pressure, through the dorsal aorta. Hence, more muscular.

Question 5.
Name the different organs of excretory system.
Answer:
Different organs of excretory system:

  1. Kidney
  2. Ureter
  3. Urinary bladder
  4. Urethra
  5. Urinary opening.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 6.
Why is transportation of food materials necessary in plants ?
Answer:
Necessity of transportation of food materials. Each and every part of plant needs food for obtaining energy, growth and maintaining body. As the food is prepared in the leaves and water is absorbed by roots from the soil, so, it is necessary to transport the food materials in plants.

Question 7.
Why is transport of materials necessary in plant or an animal ? Explain.
Answer:
Transportation of materials in plants and animals is necessary as each and every part of organism need food for obtaining energy and building and maintaining body. As the food is prepared in leaves and water is absorbed by roots in plants and absorbed by digestive system in living organisms. So it is necessary to transport the materials in the plants and animals.

Question 8.
What will happen if there are no platelets in the blood ?
Answer:
Platelets help in clotting of blood. So, in absence of platelets, blood will not clot. So, if a person gets injured once, the whole blood will flow out and hence a person may die.

Question 9.
What are components of blood ?
Answer:
Components of blood are:

  1. Fluid matrix called plasma.
  2. Red blood corpuscles (RBC)
  3. White blood corpuscles (WBC)
  4. Blood Platelets.

Question 10.
Why is blood needed by all parts of a body ?
Answer:
Need of blood:

  1. It transports oxygen and carbon dioxide.
  2. It helps in clotting.
  3. It carries nutritive and waste materials, enzymes and hormones etc.
  4. It helps in excretion of wastes.

Question 11.
What makes the blood look red ?
Answer:
Blood is red in colour due to presence of a pigment, haemoglobin in red blood corpuscles.

Question 12.
Describe the function of the heart.
Answer:
Functions of the heart :
The main function of heart is to pump blood to various parts of the body through blood
vessels.

The heart receives blood from the veins and pumps it to arteries. During relaxation both the atria get filled with blood. The left atrium is filled with oxygenated blood and right atrium gets filled with deoxygenated blood collected from different parts of the body.

When atria contracts, the valves open. As a result of this the oxygenated blood enters from the left atrium into the left ventricle while deoxygenated blood from right atrium enters into right ventricle.

When the ventricles contract, the valves get closed. Owing to it, the oxygenated blood is supplied to different parts of the body and deoxygenated blood is carried to lungs for purification.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants

Question 13.
Why is it necessary to excrete waste products ?
Answer:
Necessity to excrete waste products. As a result of various functions of cells, number of waste materials are formed in the body. Accumulation of these waste products may become toxic. So, these must be removed from the body as soon as these are formed.

Question 14.
Differentiate between Heart beat and Pulse rate.
Answer:
Differences between Heart beat and Pulse rate

Heart beat Pulse Rate
(i) It is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation of heart. (i) It is the rhythmic contraction and relaxation in aorta and its main arteries.
(ii) One complete heart beat consists of one systole and one diastole and lasts for about 0.8 second. (ii) Pulse is a regular jerk of an artery. It depends on the rate of heart beat.

Question 15.
Differentiate between Transpiration and Respiration.
Answer:
Difference between Transpiration and Respiration

Transpiration Respiration
(i) It takes place in plants. (i) It takes place in animals.
(ii) Only water vapour is removed. (ii) Sweat containing urea, uric acid and salts are removed.
(iii) It takes place through the leaves and stem and through the stomata and lenticles. (iii) It takes place through the skin. It takes place through the sweat pores of the sweat glands.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the structure of the human excretory (urinary) system.
Answer:
The human excretory (urinary) system consists of the following organs:

  • Kidneys
  • Ureters
  • Urinary bladder
  • Urethra.

(i) Kidneys. The kidneys are a pair of bean-shaped delicate organs. They are situated one on each side of the mid-dorsal line of the abdominal cavity, just below the level of the stomach.

(ii) Ureters. They are two tubes about 30 cm long, emerging from each kidney with the pelvis of which they are continuous. The ureters run downwards and inwards and open into the urinary bladder.

(iii) Urinary bladder. It serves as a reservoir for the urine. It is a hollow muscular organ lined with stratified epithelium. Its average capacity for storage of urine is about 500 ml.

(iv) Urethra. The urethra in the two sexes differs. The male urethra is about 20 cm in length. While that of females is only 1.5 cm in length.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Transportation in Animals and Plants 4

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………….. key is used to move the cursor in the next adjoining cell of a table.
(a) Ctrl
(b) Shift
(c) Tab
(d) Home.
Answer
(c) Tab

Question 2.
The table button is present on the …………. tab.
(a) Home
(b) Layout
(c) Insert
(d) View.
Answer
(c) Insert

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
We can change the width of the column by selecting the ………….. button in the Table Group.
(a) Select
(b) View Grid lines
(c) Properties
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Properties

Question 4.
A ………………. consists of a number of columns and rows.
(a) Document
(b) Table
(c) View
(d) Data.
Answer:
(b) Table

Question 5.
A ………….. is an intersection of columns and rows.
(a) Cell
(b) Table
(c) View
(d) Data.
Answer:
(a) Cell

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which key is used to move the cursor to the next cell in a table?
Answer:
Pressing the Tab key or right arrow keys moves the cursor to the next cell.

Question 2.
Intersection of a column and row is called?
Answer:
The intersection area of the row and column is called the cell.

Question 3.
Which group of Layout tab contains the split cells option?
Answer:
The split cell option is in the Merge group of the Layout tab.

Question 4.
Which option can be used to join two or more cells?
Answer:
Two or more cells can be merged using the Merge option.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Table.
Answer:
A table is a collection of rows and columns where data is grouped together. Rows are placed horizontally and columns are placed vertically in the table and the intersection of a row and column is known as Cell. Cells are small boxes in the worksheet where we enter data.

Question 2.
Write the name of options for inserting a table in Word document?
Answer:
In MS Word, we can create tables in three ways:

  • With the help of Table Buttons.
  • With the help of Insert Table option.
  • With the help of Draw Table option.

Question 3.
What is the use of Split Cells option?
Answer:
Microsoft Word allows cells to be divided into multiple cells. Steps to divide a cell into several smaller sub-cells are as follows:

  • Place mouse pointer inside the cell that you want to split into several cells.
  • Now click on the “Layout” tab and then click on the “Split cells” button from the “Merge” group.
  • A “Split Cells” dialog box will open and ask about the Number of columns/ Number of Rows.
  • Select the required number of rows and columns.
  • Click the OK button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 4.
What is the use of Merged Cells option?
Answer:
Microsoft Word allows two or more cells to merge to form one large cell. You will often need to combine the columns in the top row to create a table title. You can combine cells row-by-column or column-by-column, you can’t mix cells diagonally.
The steps for merging cells are as follows:

  • Select the cells we want to merge.
  • Click the Merge Cells button from the Merge group on the Layout tab.
  • When clicked, this option will convert all selected cells into one cell.

Question 5.
How will you enter data in Table Cells?
Answer:
The steps for inserting text into a table are given below:
1. Click on the cell in which you want to insert the text.
2. Now type.
Or
You can also add text using copy paste.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you insert a table in your document? Explain any method briefly.
Answer:
In MS Word, we can create tables in three ways:
1. With the help of Table Buttons.
2. With the help of Insert Table option.
3. With the help of Draw Table option.

1. Creating a table using the Table Button
The following are the steps to create a table with the help of table button:

  • Place your cursor where you want to create the table.
  • In the Insert tab, click on the “Table” command from the Table group.
  • Now a grid will open.
  • From this grid, select the rows and columns according to your need.
  • The table you selected will now appear on the screen.

2. Creating a table using the Insert Table option
Below are the steps to create a table using the Insert Table option:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the “Table” command from the Table group.
  • A drop-down menu will open. Click on the “Insert Table” option from this menu.
  • The Insert Table dialog box will appear.
  • In this box, specify the number of rows and columns and click on the ok button.

3. Creating a table with the help-of a Draw table option
The steps to create a table with the help of a draw table option are as follows:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the Table command from the Table group.
  • A drop-down menu will open, click on the Draw Table option from this menu.
  • The mouse pointer will turn into a pencil.
  • Draw a rectangle on the page with the help of a pencil.
  • Draw vertical and horizontal lines to form columns and rows as needed.

Question 2.
Explain Properties button of Layout Tab.
Answer:
With the Table Properties dialog box we can adjust the alignment of the table and the size of the row, column or cell.
PSEB 7th ClPSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 1.1ass Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 1
In MS Word we can also split or merged the Cells into a table.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-IV) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Tables can be drawn in Word using the…………….and ……………. buttons.
(a) Home, Insert, Design table
(b) Table, Insert, Draw table
(c) Both Options are Correct
(d) Both Options are Incorrect.
Answer:
(b) Table, Insert, Draw table

Question 2.
……………. is called a set of rows and columns.
(a) Cell
(b) Table
(c) Documents
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Table

Question 3.
The table command is available on the……………. tab.
(a) Home
(b) Design
(c) Review
(d) Insert.
Answer:
(d) Insert.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 4.
With the…………….option we can draw tables as we wish.
(a) Insert Table
(b) Add Table
(c) Draw Table
(d) Quick Table.
Answer:
(c) Draw Table

Question 5.
Clicking the ……………. arrow button moves the cursor to the next cell.
(a) Left arrow
(b) Right arrow
(c) Down arrow
(d) Up arrow.
Answer:
(b) Right arrow

Question 6.
The ……………. option is used to convert text to a table.
(a) Insert Table
(b) Convert Table to Text
(c) Draw Table
(d)Convert Text to Table.
Answer:
(b) Convert Table to Text

Question 7.
Split table is present in ……………. group of Layout tab.
(a) Merge
(b) Clipboard
(c) Style
(d) Design.
Answer:
(a) Merge

Question 8.
The ……………. option adds a new cell to the right of the existing cell.
(a) Auto fill
(b) Insert right
(c) Insert left
(d) Merge cell.
Answer:
(b) Insert right

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 9.
……………. option is used to delete the table.
(a) Merge Table
(b) Split Table
(c) Remove
(d) Delete Table.
Answer:
(d) Delete Table.

Question 10.
The ……………. option is used to add a new row at the above of insertion point.
(a) Insert Row
(b) Insert Below
(c) Insert Above
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Insert Above

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to covert text into table.
Answer:
Steps to convert text into table are as follows:

  • Select the text which you want to convert into table.
  • Click on the “Table” command in the ‘Table” group of the Insert tab.
  • Select the command “Convert Text To Table”.
  • The “Convert Text to Table” dialog box opens.
  • Select the desired option in the Separate text at section.
  • Click OK button.

Question 2.
With which tabs we can modify the table?
Answer:
Design and layout tabs are used to modify the tables.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
Write the steps to add a row into the table.
Answer:
In MS Word we have 2 ways to add row into the table. Which are as follows:
Method 1.
Below are the steps to add rows to the table:

  • Place the cursor in the table where you want to add the new row.
  • Now right click on the mouse, a drop-down menu will appear on the screen.
  • Click on the Insert option from this menu.
  • If you want to add a new row above the insertion point, click on the “Insert Row Above” option.
  • If you want to add a new row below the insertion point, click on the “Insert Row Below” option.
  • A new row will appear above the insertion point.

Method 2.
The step of adding rows to the table is given below:

  • Place the cursor in the table where you want to add the new row.
  • From the “Rows & Columns” group of the “Layout tab”, click on the “Insert Above/Insert Below” option.
  • A new row will appear below/above the insertion point

Question 4.
Write the steps to add columns from right click.
Answer:

  • Place the insertion point where you want to add new column.
  • Right-click on the mouse. A menu will appear.
  • Click on the Insert option from this menu.
  • If you want to add a new column to the left of the insertion point, click on the “Insert Column to the left” option.
  • If you want to add a new column to the right of the insertion point, click on the “Insert Column to the right” option.
  • A new column will now appear to the right or left of the cursor.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 5.
Write the steps to remove a column.
Answer:
Here are the steps to delete a row or column from the table:

  • Select a row or column.
  • Right click your mouse. A menu will appear.
  • Click on the Delete Cells option.
  • A Delete Cell dialog box will now open.
  • Click “Delete entire column” option to delete the column.
  • The appropriate column will be deleted.

Delete columns using the Layout tab

  • Select the row or column you want to delete.
  • Click the “Delete” button from the Rows & Columns group of the Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will open.
  • From this menu, click the “Delete Column” option to delete the column.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can a table be converted into text and text into a table?
Answer:
Below are the steps for inserting text into a table:
1. Click on the cell in which you want to insert the text.
2. Now type
Or
You can also add text using copy paste

To Convert Text to a Table
Steps to convert text into table are as follows:

  • Select the text which you want to convert into table.
  • Click on the “Table” command in the “Table” group of the insert tab.
  • Select the command “Convert Murine of rows: Text To Table”.
  • The “Convert Text to Table” dialog box opens.
  • Select the desired option in the Separate text at section.
  • Click OK button.

Convert Table into Text:
Steps to convert table into text are as follows:

  • Select the rows of tables you want to convert to text.
  • On the Layout tab, in the Data section, click “Convert To Text”.
  • In the Convert Table box, under Separate Text With, click on the different character you want to use instead of the column boundaries. Rows will be separated by paragraph symbols.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 2.
Write about the inclusion of a cell in a table.
Answer:
Adding Cells to Tables:
In MS Word, you can add a new cell around the selected cell, such as right, left, up or down. The steps to add a new cell are as follows:

  • Click in the cell.
  • Press the right mouse button inside the cell.
  • From this menu click “Insert” and then click “insert cell” option.
  • Choose which side of the selected cell you want new cell.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV)

Question 3.
What are table properties and how they can be used?
Answer:
Properties of Tables
With the Table Properties dialog box we can adjust the alignment of the table and the size of the row, column or cell.
In MS Word we can also split or merged the Cells into a table.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 4

Question 4.
What is ‘Splitting’ and how to split a table, a cell?
Answer:
Splitting the Cell:
Microsoft Word allows cells to be divided into multiple cells. Steps to divide a cell into several smaller sub-cells are as follows:
1. Place mouse pointer inside the cell that you want to split into several cells.
2. Now click on the “Layout” tab and then click on the “Split cells” button from the “Merge” group.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 7
3. A “Split Cells” dialog box will open and ask about the Number of columns/ Number of Rows.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 8
4. Select the required number of rows and columns
5. Click the OK button.

Splitting the Table:
Microsoft Word allows a table to be split into multiple tables but a single operation always splits the table into two tables.
The following are simple steps to split a table into two tables in a World Document.
1. Place the cursor in the row that you want to be the first row of the second table.
2. Click the Split Table button ‘ from the Merge group on the Layout tab.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Microsoft Word (Part-IV) 9

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Electric Current and Its Effects Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 175)

Question 1.
How many terminals are there in an electric cell? Name them.
Answer:
There are two terminals in an electric cell : (1) Positive and (2) Negative terminal.

Question 2.
What is the role of the switch in the electrical circuit?
Answer:
In electrical circuit the switch completes and breaks the circuit i.e. the switch is there to make the current flow in the complete electrical circuit and to stop the flow of current by breaking the circuit when required.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 176)

Question 1.
When switch is in ‘ON’ position then bulb …………………. and feels ……………… .
Answer:
Glows, hot.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 176)

Question 1.
When switch is OFF the wire feels hot. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
When switch is ON the wire feels cold. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
If you take any other wire, will you feel the same effect.
Answer:
Because the current heats up the wire because of thermal effect of electricity. It will feel the same when you take any other wire.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 178)

Question 1.
Why a magnetic needle point in NS direction when there is no magnetic substance near it ?
Answer:
A magnetic needle is a unique magnet with one end as the North Pole and the other as the South Pole. Our earth behaves like a giant magnet with its magnetic north pole coinciding with its geographical south direction and its magnetic south pole coinciding with geographical north direction. The North Pole of a magnetic needle that is a magnet is free to rotate horizontally on its axis is attracted towards the earth’s magnetic South Pole and the south pole of the magnetic needle towards the earth’s magnetic north pole. So even though no magnetic substance nearby, the magnetic needle still points north-south direction.

Question 2.
Why magnetic needle gets deflected when a bar magnet is brought near it ?
Answer:
Similar poles of magnets repel each other and opposite poles attract each other. So when the rod magnet is brought close to the magnetic needle (which is a tight magnet), the magnetic needle, which is free to rotate, disintegrates.

Question 3.
Why a magnetic needle gets deflected when current is switched on ?
Answer:
When the electric current is turned on, the magnetic field indicates that a magnet is located near it as current carrying wire behaves like a magnet.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Electric Current and Its Effects Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Shorter line in the symbol for cell represents …………………. .
Answer:
Negative terminal

(ii) Combination of two or more cells is called …………………. .
Answer:
Battery

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

(iii) When key is in ………………….. position current flows through the circuit.
Answer:
On

(iv) In a battery positive terminal of one cell is connected to ………………….. terminal of next cell.
Answer:
Positive

(v) Electric heater works on the ………………… effect of current.
Answer:
Heating

2. State True or False:

(i) To make a battery of two cells, positive terminal of one cell is connected to negative terminal of another.
Answer:
True

(ii) Electric iron works on the basis of heating effect of current.
Answer:
True

(iii) Magnetic crane is based on magnetic effect of current.
Answer:
True

(iv) When current flows in the circuit then circuit is called open circuit.
Answer:
False

(v) An electric bell works on the principle of electromagnet.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

3. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Electrical cell (a) Electric component
(ii) Electrical heater (b) Heating effect of current
(iii) Electric fuse (c) Electromagnet
(iv) Magnetic crane (d) Safety device

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Electrical cell (d) Safety device
(ii) Electrical heater (b) Heating effect of current
(iii) Electric fuse (a) Electric component
(iv) Magnetic crane (c) Electromagnet

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which appliance is not based on heating effect of current?
(a) Electric toaster
(b) Loudspeaker
(c) Heater
(d) Electric iron.
Answer:
(b) Loudspeaker.

Question (ii)
Which of these devices are not based on magnetic effect of current ?
(a) Room heater
(b) Magnetic crane
(c) Electric bell
(d) Loudspeaker.
Answer:
(a) Room heater

Question (iii)
The amount of heat produced in wire depends on:
(a) Nature of material
(b) Length
(c) Thickness
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (iv)
The wire used in the bulb is called:
(a) Element
(b) Spring
(c) Filament
(d) Component.
Answer:
(c) Filament.

Question (v)
An electric bell consists of:
(a) Gong
(b) Hammer
(c) Electromagnet
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is an electromagnet ? How does it work ?
Answer:
Electromagnet. A piece of iron temporarily becomes a magnet when placed inside a current carrying coil of enamel-coated copper wire.
While when the electric current is switched off. it behaves like iron again i.e. it loses its magnetic properties.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question (ii)
What is a magnetic crane ? How does it work ?
Answer:
Magnetic Crane. It is a normal crane with a powerful electromagnet attached to one end. When a current is passed, it becomes a powerful magnet which attracts and separates the iron from the garbage and when the electric current is switched off, it loses its magnetic properties.

Question (iii)
Draw an electric circuit with one battery, one bulb and one switch in open position.
Answer:
Diagram of an electrical circuit with a battery, a bulb, and an open switch.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 1

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define the following:
(1) An Electric cell,
(2) A Battery,
(3) Electric circuit,
(4) Open circuit,
(5) Closed circuit.
Answer:
(1) An Electric Cell. It is a source of energy that converts chemical energy stored in it
into electrical energy. It has two electrodes – (1) positive electrode and (2) negative electrode.

(2) A Battery. This is a combination of two or more cells that are combined in a series order to get current. It is used in flashlights, toys and cars etc. where more current is required.

(3) Electric Circuit. The path that starts from one terminal of the cell through the bulb, reaches the other terminal and in which electric current can flow.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 2
(4) Open Circuit. If there is no current flowing through the electrical circuit, then such a circuit is called open circuit.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 3
5. Closed Circuit. An electrical circuit through which an electric current flows is called a closed circuit.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 4

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the principle, construction and working of an electric bell using suitable diagram.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 5
Electric bell. It is a mechanical device that works on the principle of an electro magnet. This produces sound on repeated passing of electric current

Principle. A soft iron piece placed inside a copper coil carrying current behaves like a magnet.
Construction. It consists of the following main components:
1. Electromagnet. It consists of a laminated metal wire which is wrapped around an iron bar. This bar becomes an electriomagnet when an electric current passes through wire.
2. Hammer. It is an iron blade/ leaf with a small metal ball at one end called a hammer. It is placed near the electromagnet. There is a contact screw near the iron leaf.
3. Gong. It is made of a cup shaped metal. When the hammer is attracted it hits the bell and a sound is heard.

Working.
When we turn on the switch, Battery the contact screw comes in contact with the iron leaf due to which an electric current flows in the electric coil and it becomes an electromagnet. This electromagnet attracts the iron leaf, causing the hammer to strike the bell and make a sound but during this operation the contact of the hammer is broken by the screw which breaks the electrical circuit. Due to this the coil now has the same properties as an electromagnet and cannot attract an iron leaf. Now the iron leaf returns to its original position and touches the contact screw again. It again generates an electromagnet and the hammer strikes the bell again. This action is repeated quickly and the bell rings again and again.

Question (ii)
What is an electric fuse ? How does it work ? Why is it an essential component in an electric supply ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 6

Electric Fuse.
It is a safety device which prevents damages to electric circuits and prevents electric fires. Sometimes, the two wires of electricity at home and factories come in contact with each other and cause short circuit then the amount of electric current of circuit increases as a result of decrease in resistance and the electric appliances. The circuit catch fire due to production of heat. To Prevent this type of danger, fuse wires are connected to circuit wires.

Working.
In general, the fuse wire is a thin, small wire which is an alloy of copper, tin and lead. It has a very low melting point as compared to copper. This wire is connected between the two terminals of a Porcelain holder. For the circuit which is to keep safe, the two joining wires are connected in series.

The fuse wire has a fixed capacity according to its thickness. The fuse wire, when more current passes through it, melts after getting heated. The circuit breaks with the melting of the wire and the flow of electric current is obstructed. As a result the fault in any instrument or circuit is found out immediately. After removing that fault, a new fuse wire is put in fuse holder and the flow of electric current is started again.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Electric Current and Its Effects Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) An electrical circuit with standard symbols is called ………………….. .
Answer:
Circuit diagram

(ii) When we bring the switch to ‘ON’ position, the hot plate, electric toaster, and electric press get heated up due to ……………….. _ of electricity.
Answer:
Heating effect

(iii) Fuse is a ………………. device.
Answer:
Safety

(iv) Laminated copper wire wound around a wooden cylinder is called ………………. .
Answer:
Coil

(v) Magnet has two poles, one is ……………… pole and other is ……………… pole.
Answer:
North, South

(vi) Long line in the symbol of electric cell represents ……………… terminal.
Answer:
Positive

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Circuit diagram (a) Making an electromagnet due to current
(ii) Electric bell (b) Electric fuse
(iii) Safety technique (c) Fuse wire
(iv) Melts quickly. (d) An electrical circuit with standard symbols

Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(i) Circuit diagram (d) An electrical circuit with standard symbols
(ii) Electric bell (a) Making an electromagnet due to current
(iii) Safety technique (b) Electric fuse
(iv) Melts quickly. (c) Fuse wire

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The device that breaks the electrical circuit:
(a) Electric Cell
(b) Electric Bulb
(c) Switch
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(c) Switch.

Question (ii)
There are ……………… terminals of electric bulbs:
(a) Two
(b) Four
(c) Three
(d) One
Answer:
(a) Two.

Question (iii)
Used to make connecting wires:
(a) Rubber
(c) Plastic
(b) Aluminium
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Aluminium.

Question (iv)
An electric current passed through an electric bulb but the bulb did not light up because:
(a) The filament is broken
(b) The filament is resistant to electricity
(c) The filament is the conductor of electricity
(d) None of these.
Answer:
The filament is broken.

Question (v)
The direction of electric current flowing from the cell in the electrical circuit is:
(a) From the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(b) From the negative terminal to the negative terminal
(c) Negative to positive terminal for the first half and positive to negative terminal for the next half.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) From the positive terminal to negative terminal.

Question (vi)
Melting point of fuse wire should be:
(a) low
(b) high
(c) neither high nor low
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) low.

Question (vii)
The filament of the bulb is made of:
(a) Iron
(b) Copper
(c) Tungsten
(d) Tin.
Answer:
(c) Tungsten.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question (viii)
Fuse wire is made of:
(a) Tin
(b) Aluminium
(c) Lead
(d) Copper.
Answer:
(a) Tin.

Question (ix)
What is the reason for deflection of compass when the switch in ‘ON’ position ?
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 7
(a) Due to heat
(b) Formation of Magnetic Field
(c) Due to Chemical Reaction
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(b) Formation of Magnetic Field.

4. State True or False:

(i) The electromagnet attracts the safety pin when the flow of electric current is stopped.
Answer:
False

(ii) The strength of electromagnet doesn’t depend up on the number of turns of the coil wrapped around it.
Answer:
False

(iii) The direction of flow of electric current in an electrical circuit is from positive terminal to negative terminal.
Answer:
True

(iv) To make a battery, two or more cells have to be joined in series by connecting the negative terminal of the first cell to the positive terminal of the second cell and the negative terminal of the second cell to the positive of third cell.
Answer:
True

(v) The same poles of a magnet attract and opposite poles repel each other.
Answer:
False

(vi) To make battery of two cells the negative terminal to one cell is connected to negative terminal of another cell.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
From where does the torch get electricity ?
Answer:
Electric cell.

Question 2.
How many terminals an electric cell has ?
Answer:
Two terminals, one + ve and other – ve.

Question 3.
What is the function of an electric switch ?
Answer:
To make or break the electric circuit.

Question 4.
Which bulb does not glow even if it is connected to the cell ?
Answer:
Fused bulb.

Question 5.
What is the main reason of fused bulb ?
Answer:
A broken filament.

Question 6.
What is an electromagnet ?
Answer:
Electromagnet. A piece of soft iron which acquires magnetic properties on passing electric current, through a solenoid wound around iron piece, is called electromagnet.

Question 7.
On which factor does magnetism produced depends ?
Answer:
The magnetism produced depends on:

  1. Amount of current flowing through the coil.
  2. Number of turns wound on the soft iron piece.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Show how will you connect a bulb and a torch cell to make it glow ?
Answer:
Diagram showing connection of a bulb and torch cell.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 8

Question 2.
How can you test the conductivity of a given material ?
Answer:
To test conductivity of a given material, we connect the two ends of that material to positive (+) and negative (-) terminal of a cell through a bulb. If after connecting the material the bulb lights up, the material is a conductor and if bulb does not light up, the material is an insulator.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 9

Question 3.
Draw in your note book the symbols to represent the following components of an electrical circuit, connecting wires, switch in the ‘OFF’ position, Bulb, Cell, Switch in the ‘ON’ position and Battery.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 10

Question 4.
Name any two effects of electric current.
Answer:
Effects of electric current:

  1. Heating effect
  2. Magnetic effect.

Question 5.
When the current is switched on through a wire, a compass needle kept nearby gets deflected from its north-south position. Explain.
Answer:
On passing current, the wire behaves like a bar magnet and affects the compass needle kept nearby so that it gets deflected from its N – S position.

Question 6.
An electrician is carrying out some repairs in your house. He wants to replace a fuse by a piece of wire. Would you agree ? Give reasons for your suggestion.
Answer:
Fuse wire cannot be replaced by any wire because fuse wire must have low melting point. If any other ordinary wire is used then it may result in fire and destroy other electrical appliances.

Question 7.
What are the basic requirements for an electric circuit.
Answer:
The basic requirements of an electric circuit are:

  • Source of current (cell, battery etc.).
  • Electric device for supplying electric current.
  • Connectivity wires (for providing a path to the flow of current).
  • Switch (for making and breaking the circuit).

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects

Question 8.
Do you think an electromagnet can be used for separating plastic bags from a garbage heap ? Explain.
Answer:
No, plastic bags cannot be separated from garbage heap using an electromagnet because electromagnet can attract only magnetic materials towards it. If these plastic bags have metal / iron handles, only then they can be lifted by using an electromagnet.

Question 9.
Will the compass needle show deflection, when the switch in circuit shown in fig. given below is closed ?
Answer:
The compass needle will show deflection because circuit is complete. It is because when switch is closed, passage of current will produce a magnetic field around the in which causes deflection of compass needle.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 11

Question 10.
Zubeda made an electric circuit using a cell holder shown in fig. a switch and a bulb. When she put the switch in the ‘ON’ position the bulb did not glow. Help Zubeda in identifying the possible defect in the circuit.
Answer:
She may have connected -ve terminal to -ve terminal or positive terminal to the positive terminal in a cell holder.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 12

Question 11.
Fig. given below shows four cells fixed on a board. Draw lines to indicate how will you connect their terminals with wires to make a battery of four cells.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 13
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 14

Question 12.
The bulb in the circuit shown in fig. given below does not glow. Can you identify the problem ? Make necessary changes in the circuit to make the bulb glow.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 15
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 16

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What is an electromagnet ? How can it be prepared ? What are the factors that affect its power ? Also write down the uses of electromagnets.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Electric Current and Its Effects 17
Electromagnet.
A piece of iron wrapped by enamel-coated copper wire forming a coil. This piece of iron temporarily becomes a magnet when an electric current passes through coil. Such a magnet is called Electromagnet.

Making an electromagnet.
Take approximately 6-10 cm long iron nail and a 50 cm plastic coated wire. Wrap the wire around the iron nail in the form of a coil. Connect the independent ends of the wire to the terminals of the power cell through the switch as shown in the figure.

Turn the switch on and now bring some pins closer to the end of the nail. You will notice that the pins are pulled towards the nail, because the coil behaves like a magnet when an electric current passes through it. An iron nail lies in this magnetic field also becomes a magnet. When the flow of electric current ceases the magnetic effect of the coil and then of the nail disappears. This coil-nail setup becomes an electromagnet.

Factors Affecting the Power of Electromagnetism:

  • Strength of electric current.
  • The number of turns of wire wrapped around the iron nail.

Uses of electromagnets:

  • To lift heavy iron objects and to separate the magnetic material from the heap of scrap: a strong electromagnet is placed at one end of the crane.
  • Electromagnets are also used in many toys.
  • Doctors use an electromagnet to remove a small piece of magnetic material that may have entered the eye of a worker accidentally.
  • It is also used in many devices: such as an electric bells, telegraphs, telephones, speakers, etc.