Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.
PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 11 Important Current Issues in Agriculture
Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Important Current Issues in Agriculture Textbook Questions and Answers
(A) Answer in 1-2 words:
Question 1.
Write full form of GM.
Answer:
Genetically modified.
Question 2.
Write full form of Bt.
Answer:
Bacillus Thuriengiensis.
Question 3.
Name the poisonous substance produced in Bt plant.
Answer:
It produces a crystalline protein, which is toxic for bollworms.
Question 4.
Write full form of PPV and FR.
Answer:
Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act.
Question 5.
When PPV & FR Act was passed?
Answer:
In the year 2001.
Question 6.
Which instrument of the implement is used for leveling of fields?
Answer:
Laser land leveler.
Question 7.
Write the name of the instrument which is used for judicious use of water in paddy crop.
Answer:
Tensiometer.
Question 8.
How much increase in earth’s surface temperature has been recorded during the past century?
Answer:
0.5°C.
Question 9.
Name any two prominent Green House Gases.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, Nitrous oxide, Chlorofluoro Carbon, Methane etc.
Question 10,
Write full name of CFC.
Answer:
Chlorofluoro Carbon.
(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:
Question 1.
Define GM crops.
Answer:
By using specialized genetic engineering technologies crop can be genetically modified by the transfer of gene of other plant or organism into the crop. GM stands for Genetically Modified crops.
Question 2.
Differentiate BG-I from BG-II.
Answer:
BG-I stands for Bollguard-I hybrid and BG-II stands for Bollguard-II. These are cotton hybrids. BG-I contained only one Bt gene. Whereas BG-II contains two Bt genes. BG-I can withstand the attak of American Bollworm only whereas BG-II can withstand the attack of all the four types of Bollworm namely American Bollworm, Spotted bollworm, Pink Bollworm and Tobacco Caterpillar.
Question 3.
Why Bt cottons remain safe from any damage by the bollworms?
Answer:
Bt cotton contains Bacillus Thuriengiensis, a soil bacterium. This gene produces crystalline protein in the plant, which is highly toxic for the bollworm, insects-pests of cotton. When bollworm feeds on flower bud or flower or boll of a Bt cotton plant, digestive system of the insect gets damaged and it gets killed. This way ‘cotton crop is saved from the harmful insects.
Question 4.
What is precision farming? List its benefits.
Answer:
This is a new concept of farming. The main objective behind this concept is to use judiciously the various inputs as decided and calibrated by various scientific technologies so as to save natural resources and to increase the yield of the crop. Insecticides, fertilizers, weedicides etc. are used in measured quantity accurately and different amounts are used in different sections of a field according to the need. This way these inputs are not wasted and yield is also increased. It also does not pollute the environment.
Question 5.
Discuss methods that need to be adopted for judicious use and saving of water.
Answer:
If leveling of field is done by using laser land leveler a lot of water is saved. Similarly use of tensiometer in rice crop helps in deciding when and how much irrigation is needed for the rice crop. This helps in saving water.
Question 6.
What may be the impact of climate change on wheat crop?
Answer:
It can adversely effect the yield of wheat. If there is increase in temperature during February and March wheat production will reduce.
Question 7.
Why temperature increases inside a greenhouse?
Answer:
Houses which are made up of plastic sheets or glass in which plants are grown are known as green houses. Sun rays can enter the green house but the infrared rays (heat rays) cannot come out from such a house. Thus Temperature increases in the green house.
Question 8.
List names of different Green House Gases.
Answer:
Do yourself.
Question 9.
What was the impact of Bt cotton varieties on cotton production in Punjab?
Answer:
Bt cotton was introduced in Punjab in 2006. Before this cotton crop in Punjab was totally ruined due to attack of American Bollworm. Lint yield reduced to only 2-3 quintal per acre. But with Bt cotton lint yield increased to 5 quintals per acre and use of insecticides were also reduced.
Question 10.
List names of important techniques used in Precision Farming.
Answer:
Important techniques used in precision farming are- sensors, G.P.S. satellite technology etc.
(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:
Question 1.
Which GM crop is being cultivated in “Punjab”? Explain its benefits.
Answer:
In Punjab G.M. crop of cotton in cultivated. It is called Bt cotton. Now there are some other GM crops prepared e.g. Brinjal, Maize, Soyabean and Rice. In Bt crops gene of a soil Bacterium Bacillus Thuriengiensis is introduced in the plants. This produces a crystalline protein in the plant, which is highly toxic for the bollworms. The insects eat this protein and their digestive system is damaged and thus they are killed in 3-4 days. Bt varieties can bear the attack of American bollworm, pink, Tobacco, spotted bollworms. In Bollguard-I hybrid of cotton only one Bt gene was introduced but in Bollguard-II two Bt genes were introduced cultivation of Bt cotton started in Punjab in 2006. Before its cultivation lint yield was only 2-3 quintal per acre but with Bt cotton lint yield increased to 5 quintal per acre. There in no need to use insecticides and thus environment also does not get polluted.
Question 2.
What are the dangers and risks associated with GM crops?
Answer:
Ever since the introduction of GM crops, many organizations, social activists, human welfare groups and even some of the scientists are against such GM crops. They think such crops are very harmful to the humans, plants, environment, species of cultivated plants, biodiversity of plants in long run. Although, there are no such evidences till date in favour of such fears or arguments. But some of the countries have banned the cultivation of such GM crops.
Question 3.
List objectives of PPV & FR Act. When was this act introduced?
Answer:
Main objective of PPV and FR act was to recognize and protect the farmers’ rights.
- Plant breeder has right on the new variety of plant which he produced.
- Farmers who are .cultivating a variety traditionally on their field or a landrace of a variety for which farmer have common knowledge can be registered as farmers’ variety.
Question 4.
How Green House Gases affect the climate?
Answer:
Green house gases have bad effect on the environment. Because of increase in the density of green house gases in the atmosphere, temperature of the globe is increasing, over the past 100 years it is estimated that earth has warmed by 0.5°C. And an estimate says that by the year 2050 temperature may increase by 1.8 to 4.0°C. As a consequence of this increase in temperature polar ice will melt, ocean water level will become higher, warm days become will become more warmer and cold days become colder. Rains will become erratic and seasons will start overlapping.
Question 5.
Discuss impact of climate change on agriculture.
Answer:
Climate changes can affect the agricultural activities. Due to global warming temperature on earth is increasing which can affect the environment in many ways.
- Increase in temperature will effect life time of crop, crop rotation and time of cultivation of crops is also affected.
- Due to increase in temperature and moisture content in the atmosphere many diseases and some new type of insects will damage the crop.
- Increase in temperature in the month of Feb-March will affect the production of wheat.
- There is uncertainly in rains and production decreases.
- Fall in night temperature will also reduce yield. ,
- There may be good affects on agricultural production in many countries.
Very Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
What is other name of GM crops?
Answer:
Transgenic crops.
Question 2.
Which technique is used to introduce gene of other plant or organism in a crop?
Answer:
By Genetic engineering technique.
Question 3.
What is full form of Bt?
Answer:
Bacillus Thuriengiensis.
Question 4.
What is Bt?
Answer:
It is a Bacteria found in soil.
Question 5.
Which other Bt crops are prepared other than Bt cotton?
Answer:
Brinjal, Maize, Soyabean, Rice etc.
Question 6.
Which variety cannot be registered?
Answer:
Plants which include terminator technology.
Question 7.
What is duration of registration for generhl crops?
Answer:
6 years but can be extended to 15 years.
Question 8.
Which website can be opened for getting crop registered?
Answer:
www.plantauthority.gov.in.
Question 9.
To whom the concept of precision farming applicable?
Answer:
It is applicable to both small and big farmers.
Question 10.
Which device is used in developed countries to find proper amount of fertilizer requirement?
Answer:
Nitrogen sensor.
Question 11.
Which technique is used to measure fields in developed countries?
Answer:
G.P.S. Technique.
Question 12.
If water remains standing in Paddy fields which gas is produced?
Answer:
Methane gas.
Question 13.
Which green house gas is produced by the use of nitrogen fertilizer?
Answer:
Nitrogen oxide.
Question 14.
What is the effect of rising in temperature at night on the crops?
Answer:
Yield will reduce.
Question 15.
By the end of 21st century, what is the estimate increase of temperature on earth?
Answer:
1.8 to 4.0° C.
Short Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Name varieties of Bollguard-2.
Answer:
RCH 650, NCS 855 are the varieties of BG-2.
Question 2.
Which crops can be registered under the act PPV and FR?
Answer:
Jowar, Maize, Bajra, Wheat, Paddy, Sugarcane, Cotton, Pea, Arhar, Masar, Turmeric, Grams etc. crops can be registered.
Question 3.
Which crops cannot be registered under the PPV and FR act.
Answer:
A variety which is harmful to human beings, for the environment or for plants. Plants including terminator technology can also not be registered.
Question 4.
Why varieties using terminator technology cannot be registered?
Answer:
Seeds of such crops do not have growing power.
Question 5.
Write about penalties of infringement in PPV and FR act.
Answer:
Providing wrong information e.g. wrong name of registered variety, wrong name of the country, wrong name and address of breeder, etc. are punishable acts. Punishment can be imprisonment, fine, or both.
Question 6.
What is a clear message of precision farming?
Answer:
Its clear message is to consider a field as consisting of many sections, there may be a problem of one type in one section and another type of problem in another section. Without knowing the problem of a particular section do not apply fertilizers or spray pesticides etc. If the soil in a section of the field is deficient in a particular mineral. Apply that particular fertilizer in only that section of the field and not in the whole of the field.
Question 7.
By how much temperature of the surface of the earth has increased over the last 100 years. Why?
Answer:
The temperature of the surface has increased by 0.5°C over the last 100 years. This is due to global warming.
Long Answer Type Questions:
Question 1.
Write about Green House Gases and greenhouse principle. How is it related to the earth?
Answer:
Greenhouse gases are Carbon dioxide, Nitrogen oxide, Chlorofluorocarbon, Methane, etc. Houses that are made up of plastic sheets or glass in which plants are grown are known as greenhouses. Sun rays can enter the greenhouse but the infrared rays (heat rays) cannot come out from such a house. Thus temperature increases in the greenhouse.
Greenhouse gases are there all around the globe. These allow the sunlight to enter into the earth’s atmosphere but do not allow the infrared rays (heat rays) to go back into space. Thus they are responsible for global warming. The temperature of the earth is increasing and its bad effects can be floods, drought, change in time of monsoon, etc.
Question 2.
Write some factors responsible for climate change?
Answer:
- Increased concentration of greenhouse gases like C02, CH4, etc.
- Burning of fossil fuels like petrol and coal etc.
- Deforestation on a large scale.
- Industrialization and urbanization.
- Excessive use of agrochemicals.
PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Important Current Issues in Agriculture Important Questions and Answers
Multiple Choice Questions:
1. Greenhouse gases are :
(a) C02
(b) Nitrous oxide
(c) Methane
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All
2. PPV & FR act was passed in :
(a) 1985
(b) 2001
(c) 2015
(d) 1980
Answer:
(b) 2001
3. Device used in paddy for saving water :
(a) Tensiometer
(b) leveler
(c) B.T.
(d) None
Answer:
(a) Tensiometer
4. How much increase in earth’s surface temperature has been recorded during the past century?
(a) 0.5°C
(b) 5°C
(c) 2°C
(d) 10°C
Answer:
(a) 0.5°C
True/False:
1. Man is not practicing farming since time immemorial.
Answer:
False
2. Bt is the abbreviation for a soil bacterium Bacillus thuriengiensis.
Answer:
True
3. Yield of Bt cotton is four quintal lint per acre.
Answer:
False
4. After the introduction of Bt cotton use of insecticides has reduced a lot.
Answer:
True
5. Trees and vines were protected for 9 years and the period can be extended for 10 years.
Answer:
False
Fill in the Blanks:
1. By using specialized genetic engineering technologies crop can be genetically modified by transfer of ………………… of other plant or organism into the crop.
Answer:
gene
2. A crystalline protein is produced in Bt cotton which is highly toxic for ………………… insects pests of cotton.
Answer:
bollworms
3. Such improved crops are known as G.M. or ………………… crops.
Answer:
transgenic
4. Government of India enacted ‘protection of plant varieties and Farmers’ Rights Act (PPV & FR act) in …………………
Answer:
2001
5 ………………… crops of Brinjal, soybean, maize, rice, etc. have been developed.
Answer:
GM
6. Over the last 100 years temperature of the earth has increased by …………………
Answer:
0.5°C