Class 6 – Page 30 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 6th Class Maths MCQ Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers

March 27, 2024March 26, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers MCQ Questions with Answers.

PSEB 6th Class Maths Chapter 1 Knowing Our Numbers MCQ Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The number of digits are:
(a) 9
(b) 10
(c) 8
(d) Infinite.
Answer:
(b) 10

Question 2.
The greatest 4 digit number using 1, 5, 2, 9 once is:
(a) 9215
(b) 9512
(c) 5912
(d) 9521.
Answer:
(b) 9512

Question 3.
The smallest 4 digit number using 2, 0, 3, 7 once is:
(a) 0237
(b) 2037
(c) 7320
(d) 7023.
Answer:
(b) 2037

Question 4.
Which of the following are in ascending order?
(a) 217, 271, 127, 721
(b) 217, 127, 721, 271
(c) 127, 217, 271, 721
(d) 721, 271, 217, 127.
Answer:
(c) 127, 217, 271, 721

Question 5.
The face value of digit 4 in 23468 is:
(a) 4
(b) 400
(c) 40
(d) 468.
Answer:
(a) 4

Question 6.
The place value of digit 2 in 4123 is:
(a) 23
(b) 2
(c) 20
(d) 200.
Answer:
(c) 20

Question 7.
The difference between place value and face value of 5 in 76542 is:
(a) 537
(b) 45
(c) 0
(d) 495
Answer:
(d) 495

Question 8.
5 × 10000 + 3 × 100 + 2 × 10 + 2 = …………..
(a) 5322
(b) 53022
(c) 50322
(d) 53202.
Answer:
(c) 50322

Question 9.
Four lakh two thousand three hundred fifty-one = …………..
(a) 42351
(b) 402351
(c) 420351
(d) 4002351.
Answer:
(b) 402351

Question 10.
How many four-digit numbers are there?
(a) 9999
(b) 9900
(c) 9000
(d) 9990.
Answer:
(c) 9000

Question 11.
Seventeen million twenty-four thousand fifty-four = …………….
(a) 172454
(b) 170024054
(c) 170240054
(d) 17024054.
Answer:
(d) 17024054.

Question 12.
1 Crore = …………….. million.
(a) 1
(b) 10
(c) 100
(d) 1000.
Answer:
(b) 10

Question 13.
Rounded off 7213 to nearest thousands.
(a) 7200
(b) 7000
(c) 7210
(d) 7213.
Answer:
(b) 7000

Question 14.
Rounded off 45553 to nearest hundreds.
(a) 45500
(b) 45550
(c) 45600
(d) 45650.
Answer:
(c) 45600

Question 15.
Solve : (9 – 4) × 6 = …………….. .
(a) 30
(b) 54
(c) 78
(d) 64.
Answer:
(a) 30

Question 16.
Which of the following number does not have symbol in Roman numerals?
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 10
(d) 1000.
Answer:
(a) 0

Question 17.
How many symbols are used in Roman Numerals?
(a) 5
(b) 8
(c) 9
(d) 7.
Answer:
(d) 7

Question 18.
Which of the following are meaningless?
(a) LXIX
(b) XC
(c) IL
(d) LI.
Answer:
(c) IL

Question 19.
CLXVI = ………..
(a) 164
(b) 144
(c) 176
(d) 166.
Answer:
(d) 166

Question 20.
XCIX + XLVI = …………….
(a) CVL
(b) CLV
(c) CXLV
(d) CXLIV.
Answer:
(c) CXLV

Question 21.
Using the digits 4, 5, 7 and 0 without repetition which of the following is the smallest four-digit number?
(a) 0457
(b) 4057
(c) 4507
(d) 4075.
Answer:
(b) 4057

Question 22.
Using the digits 2, 8, 7 and 4 without repetition which of the following is the greatest four-digit number?
(a) 2874
(b) 8742
(c) 8472
(d) 8274.
Answer:
(b) 8742

Question 23.
Which is the smallest four digits number made from the digits 3, 8, 7 by using one-digit twice?
(a) 3378
(b) 3783
(c) 3873
(d) 3837.
Answer:
(a) 3378

Question 24.
Make the greatest four-digit number from the digits 9, 0, 5 by using one-digit twice.
(a) 9005
(b) 9905
(c) 9950
(d) 9050.
Answer:
(c) 9950

Question 25.
Take two digits, 2 and 3, from diem make smallest four digit number, using both the digits equal number of time.
(a) 3232
(b) 2323
(c) 3223
(d) 2233.
Answer:
(d) 2233.

Question 26.
Take two digits, 2 and 3 from them make greatest four-digit number, using both the digits equal number of time.
(a) 3232
(b) 3322
(c) 3223
(d) 2323.
Answer:
(b) 3322

Question 27.
The greatest number from 4536, 4892, 4370, 4452 is:
(a) 4536
(b) 4892
(c) 4370
(d) 4452.
Answer:
(b) 4892

Question 28.
Out of 15623, 15073, 15189, 15800 the smallest number is:
(a) 15623
(b) 15073
(c) 15189
(d) 15800.
Answer:
(b) 15073

Question 29.
The ascending order of the numbers 847, 9754, 8320, 571 is:
(a) 847, 9754, 8320, 571
(b) 9754, 8320, 847, 571
(c) 571, 847, 8320, 9754
(d) 571, 8320, 847, 9754.
Answer:
(c) 571, 847, 8320, 9754

Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
1 lakh = ten thousands.
Answer:
Ten

Question 2.
1 million = ……………… hundred thousand.
Answer:
Ten

Question 3.
1 crore = ……………….. million.
Answer:
Ten

Question 4.
1 crore = …………… ten lakh.
Answer:
Ten

Question 5.
1 million = ……………. lakh.
Answer:
Ten

Write True/False:

Question 1.
The number of digits are 10. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The greatest four-digit number is 1000. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The place value of digit 5 in 3564 is 50. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 4.
0 does not have symbol in Roman numbers. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 5.
IL is meaningless. (True/False)
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 22 Public Property and its Protection

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Public Property and its Protection Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why do we love our personal property?
Answer:
We have to purchase the item of our personal property if it is lost or spoiled. It causes financial loss to us. Therefore, we love our personal property.

Question 2.
Why should National Property be protected? Give two reasons.
Answer:
National property is created by the government out of the money collected from the people of the country in the form of taxes. It is meant for the convenience of all the people. If this property is damaged, it causes social and economic loss to us, our family and the nation as a whole. Therefore, the national property should be protected.

Question 3.
Why people damage public property? Give two reasons.
Answer:

Some people damage public property for the sake of fun.
Some people damage public property because they feel that this is the best way to draw the government’s attention towards their demands.

Question 4.
Give the name of two kinds of public property.
Answer:
Two kinds of public property are :

Public utility services,
Historical buildings or monuments.

Question 5.
What do you mean by public utility services? Give two examples of it.
Answer:
Public utility services are those services which are provided to all in equal proportions by the government, for the fulfilment of minimum needs of citizens. Services like electricity and water are public utility services.

Question 6.
What is public property? How is it created?
Answer:
Property to which all of us have a common right to share is called public property. It belongs to all. It is jointly created by the people and the government. Taxes are imposed and funds created. These funds create public property. It is our duty to preserve it.

Question 7.
How people misuse the public property?
Answer:
People misuse public property in the following ways :

Some people express their resentment against the government or try to get their demands accepted by damaging and burning public property.
Some people damage bulbs and tubes of street lights by throwing stones on them.
Some people throw garbage and litter in gardens, parks, zoos, historical buildings and museums, etc.
Children tear-off seats of buses and railway trains.
Some people draw lines or write their names on historical buildings and thus damage them.
Some foolish people steal valuable goods or idols, etc. from temples or museums.

Question 8.
From whose money the school property is made?
Answer:
The school property is made from the money of our parents and our government. The government’s money is also our own money because the government collects it from us in the form of taxes.

Question 9.
Give one basic difference between personal property and public property.
Answer:
Personal property belongs to a person or family, whereas public property is the common property of all. This is one basic difference between the two.

Question 10.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
Answer:
Our responsibility towards school property is the following :

We should not damage the school furniture.
We should not scribble on the school walls.
We should not pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises.
We should not tear off pages from the library books.
We should turn off the water taps after use.
We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.

Question 11.
How can you help to preserve the historical monuments?
Answer:
We can help to preserve the historical monuments in the following ways :

We should not disfigure or scratch them.
We should not steal idols from them.
We should not throw garbage and rubbish in of around them.
If someone causes damage to historical monuments, we should report the matter to the police so that the gtiilty may be prosecuted and punished.
We should help the government in the protection and preservation of historical monuments.

II. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parks and hospitals are our personal property.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
We should not damage our national property as it is our own.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Historical monuments are protected by a government law passed in 1958.
Answer:
True

III. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
All objects that we possess as individual make _______ property.
Answer:
personal

Question 2.
Old historical buildings are called _______ monuments.
Answer:
historical

Question 3.
We must not _______ the public property.
Answer:
damage

Question 4.
Things owned collectively make _______ property.
Answer:
family.

IV. Select out of the following as private property and public property :

Question 1.
Book, Post office, Pen, Raliway station, Scooter, Bus stand, Monument, Almirah, Sewerage, Car, Roads, Canals, Bag, Bridge, Water-works, Bungalow, River, Museum, Television.
Answer:
Private Property. Book, Pen, Scooter, Almirah, Car, Bag, Bungalow, Television.
Public Property. Post office, Railway station, Bus stand, Monuments, Sewerage, Roads, Canals, Bridge, Water-works, River, Museum.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Public Property and its Protection Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Property owned by an individual is called _______ property.
(A) Personal
(B) Public
(C) National .
(D) International.
Answer:
(A) Personal.

Question 2.
Property owned by whole community is called _______ property
(A) National
(B) Public
(C) International
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(B) Public.

Question 3.
Facilities provided by the government are called _______ facilities.
(A) National
(B) Social
(C) Public
(D) Personal.
Answer:
(C) Public.

Question 4.
When was the Ancient Monuments and Archaeological sites and Remains Act passed?
(A) 1950
(B) 1958
(C) 1954
(D) 1962.
Answer:
(B) 1958.

Question 5.
Who gives money for the maintance of public property?
(A) Public
(B) An individual
(C) Government
(D) U.N.O.
Answer:
(A) Public.

Question 6.
How do people misuse public property?
(A) They tear off seats of buses
(B) They write their names on historical buildings
(C) They damage street lights
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
What is our responsibility towards school property?
(A) Not to damage School furniture
(B) Not to scribble on School Walls
(C) Not to tear off pages from liberary books
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) All of these.

Question 8.
Which of these is a public property?
(A) Trains
(B) Historical buildings
(C) Bus stand
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a democratic country?
Answer:
A democratic country is one where people elect their representatives to make the government.

Question 2.
Name the three organs of a government. What are their functions?
Answer:

Legislature,
Executive,
Judiciary.

Legislature makes laws, the Executive executes them and Judiciary punishes the persons who violate laws.

Question 3.
Name a few items of personal property.
Answer:
Clothes, school bag, books, notebooks, pen, pencil, etc.

Question 4.
Name some items of family property.
Answer:
House, scooter, car, television, furniture, etc.

Question 5.
What is included in public utility services?
Answer:
Public utility services include school, buses, hospitals, parks, post office, electricity, water, etc. These services are provided by the government.

Question 6.
Who suffers if you lose any of your own or family possessions?
Answer:
We and our family suffer.

Question 7.
Why do we owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property?
Answer:
We owe joint responsibility towards the protection of public property because all the people have to suffer if it is damaged.

Question 8.
Give some examples of school property.
Answer:
Chairs, tables, desks, blackboards, library, playgrounds, etc.

Question 9.
What is a historical monument?
Answer:
A historical monument is a structure of the past which reminds us of our ancient glory.

Question 10.
Which government department takes care of historical monuments?
Answer:
The Archaeological Department.

Question 11.
What is our duty towards public property?
Answer:
We should keep it safe from any type of damage.

Question 12.
Should we cause damage to public property? Why, or why not?
Answer:
No, we should not cause any damage to public property. Its damage means our own loss.

Question 13.
Why is school called public property?
Answer:
Our parents’ and the government’s money is spent on the building of school. So it is public property.

Question 14.
Of what do our historical buildings and monuments remind us?
Answer:
Our historical buildings and monuments remind us of our rich cultural heritage and glorious past.

Question 15.
Why should parks be maintained?
Answer:
People go to parks to breathe in fresh air and to take exercise there. So parks should be maintained.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why should we not damage public property?
Answer:
Public property is the property of the nation to which we all belong. It is created out of the taxes paid by us. It serves our own purpose. If we do not protect it, we ourselves will be put to inconvenience. It will become difficult to have it again. Thus it is our own loss. We have a common right to the public property. So it is our duty to protect our common things.

Question 2.
What is the difference between private property and public property?
Answer:
The property to which the owner has a personal right is called private property. No one can use this property without the permission of its owner. Privately owned houses, shops, motor cycles, scooters, etc. are good examples of private property.

On the other hand, public property is the property to which all of us have a common right. Roads, buses, railways, hospitals, schools, post offices, etc. are some examples of public property.

Question 3.
What is the importance of historical monuments in our life?
Answer:
There is a great importance of historical monuments in our life. Historical monuments like forts, palaces, temples, mosques, churches and towers, etc. remind us of our ancient glory. They are the great centres of education. We learn our history through the statues, coins, pictures and maps found in these monuments. They inspire us to do great deeds.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
What points should we keep in mind to make proper use of public places?
Answer:
To make proper use of public places we should keep the following points in mind :

School is a very important institution. Here, we study and attain different types of social and moral qualities. So we should not spoil our classroom furniture by throwing it hither or thither, nor should we scribble^on the classroom walls. We should riot pluck flowers from flower beds and pots lying in the school premises. We should not tear off pages from the library books. We should turn off the water taps after use. We should not spoil the sports goods like hockey, football, etc.
Our government provides us with public means of transport like buses and trains for our convenience. We should not harm these public modes of transport, otherwise, it will be difficult for us to reach our school, college or office.
We should ensure that bulbs and tubes of street lights are not damaged by throwing stones on them. It will cause inconvenience to the public moving on roads at night time. The number of accidents can also increase.
We should not throw garbage and litter in the parks.
We should not tease the animals in zoos.
By preserving the parks, zoos, and sanctuaries we can help our community to maintain a balance between the natural environment and the man-made environment.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Water Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 145)

Question 1.
Does every person use same quantity of water every day ?
Answer:
No, every person does not use same quantity of water every day.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 146)

Question 1.
What happens to ice-cream when it is taken out of the refrigerator ?
Answer:
It melts.

Question 2.
What is the state of ice-cream ?
Answer:
Solid.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens when you spill water on the floor in hot summer days ?
Answer:
It evaporates

Question 2.
Why cow’ dung cakes are kept in sunlight ?
Answer:
To become dry as a result of evaporation of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 148)

Question 1.
Why do we observe water droplets outside water bottle when taken out from a refrigerator ?
Answer:
The temperature outside refrigerator is warmer and when the bottle comes out of refrigerator, the water vapour present in air condenses and forms droplets of water on surface of bottle. This process is known as condensation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ………………….
Answer:
evaporaion

(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………………
Answer:
condensation

(d) Excessive rains may cause …………………..
Answer:
clood

(e) Three states of water are …………………….. , ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
solid, liquid and gas

(f) In plants, transpiration takes place through …………….
Answer:
stomata

2. Write True or False:

(a) Ice on cooling changes to steam.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Evaporation of water takes place in sunlight.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Water in ocean is fit for drinking.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Drip irrigation method is useful for farming.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Water conservation	(a) Solid form of water
2. Snow	(b) Sunny day
3. Precipitation	(c) Rainwater harvesting
4. Evaporation	(d) Ground water
5. Fresh water	(e) Rain from clouds

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Water conservation	(c) Rainwater harvesting
2. Snow	(a) Solid form of water
3. Precipitation	(e) Rain from clouds
4. Evaporation	(b) Sunny day
5. Fresh water	(d) Ground water.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How much part of earth is covered with water ?
(ci) two third
(b) half
(c) one third
(d) three fourth.
Answer:
(d) three fourth

Question (ii)
Fog appearing on a cold winter morning is the result of:
(a) Condensation
(b) evaporation
(c) Precipitation
(d) none.
Answer:
(a) Condensation

Question (iii)
Which of the source of water is not used for drinking?
(a) river
(b) ocean
(c) dam
(d) lake.
Answer:
(b) ocean

Question (iv)
Process of conversion of gas into liquid is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Melting
(c) Condensation
(d) Boiling.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question (v)
About how much percentage of water is present in human body:
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%.
Answer:
(b) 70%

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are two main sources of water ?
Answer:
Main sources of water are surface water and ground water.

Question (ii)
What is the advantage of drip irrigation ?
Answer:
Advantage of drip irrigation is that water and other nutrients are directly delivered to plants.

Question (iii)
What is the effect of temperature on evaporation ?
Answer:
The rate of evaporation increases with increase of temperature.

Question (iv)
Differentiate between ground water and surface water.
Answer:
Ground water is found below the surface of earth and is safe for drinking.
Surface water is found in lakes, rivers, wells and reservoirs.

Question (v)
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
The process by which water is lost in the air by plants is called transpiration.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain floods and its effects.
Answer:
The overflow of large amount of water beyond its normal limits is known as flood. Effects of Flood.

Many people and animals die.
Some people become homeless.
Wide-spread of communicable diseases.

Question (ii)
Define condensation. Give two examples.
Answer:
The process of conversion of gaseous form back to liquid form is called condensation.
Examples are :

Fogging of windshield or rear view of car.
Dew on leaves of grass on a winter morning.

Question (iii)
Explain formation of clouds.
Answer:
When we go higher from the surface of earth, the temperture falls. The air becomes so cool that the water vapours condense to form water droplets. These water droplets together in air are clouds.

Question (iv)
Write three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
Three ways to conserve water are :

Rain water harvesting
Recycling of water
Turning off tap when not in use.

Question (v)
What is drought and what are its effects ?
Answer:
A period when there is very little or no rainfall is called drought. Effects of Drought :

Soil becomes dry and infertile due to loss of water.
Ponds become dry and level of water in wells goes down.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the uses of water.
Answer:
Water is a very vital resource and is used for many purposes. Some of the uses of water are mentioneded below :
Uses of Water.

It maintains temperature on earth.
It is used for drinking, bathing, washing, etc.
Running or flowing water is used for generating electricity.
It is used for irrigation of crops.
It is also used for cleanng, cooking, watering plants, etc.

Question (ii)
Explain water cycle with diagram.
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
water falls in ponds, streams, oceans and some water seeps down the earth. With the heat of sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans etc. and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

Question (iii)
Why there is need to conserve water ? Write technique of rain water harvesting.
Answer:
Fresh water is only 2.59% on earth and is in very low amount that can be used for drinking or human consumption. So, we must conserve the water.

Rain Harvesting. It is a technique which involves collection and storage of rain water and its reuse, it is the simplest and oldest method.

Techniques of rain harvesting. The most commonly used technique used for rain water harvesting is roof top rain water harvesting.

Roof Top Rain Water harvesting. In this rain water is collected on the roof of house and then stored in storage tank through pipes. This stored water can be used for any purpose.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 2

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Water Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The process of conversion of water into vapours is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Evaporation

Question 2.
The process of converting water vapours into water is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question 3.
We use water in:
(a) Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Domestic needs
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.
Answer:
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.

Question 4.
Saline water is found in:
(a) Seas
(b) Taps
(c) Lakes
(d) nowhere.
Answer:
(a) Seas

Question 5.
Hot air causes:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Evaporation

Question 6.
Water cycle is a phenomenon:
(a) Fast
(b) Slow
(c) Medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Slow

Question 7.
To get 1 kg of wheat grains evaporated. from wheat plant litre water gets
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 400
(d) 500.
Answer:
(d) 500

Question 8.
Excessive rainfall causes:
(a) Drought
(b) Flood
(c) Storm
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Flood

Question 9.
of earth is covered with water.
(a) 33%
(b) 67%
(c) 25%
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 67%

Question 10.
Water is available in plenty from:
(a) River
(b) Well
(c) Sea
(d) Rain.
Answer:
(c) Sea

Question 11.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Vaporisation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Vaporisation

Question 12.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) We use water for many …………….. .
Answer:
activities

(b) We get water from …………… .
Answer:
taps

(d) About …………… of earth is covered with water.
Answer:
2/3rd

(e) ………………. water is saline.
Answer:
Sea

(f) ………………… is needed to convert water into water vapour.
Answer:
Heat

(g) The warm air provides heat for evaporation of water in ……………… areas.
Answer:
shady

(h) About …………….. litres of water is transpirated by wheat plants to provide 1 kilogram of wheat.
Answer:
500

(i) Clouds are ………………. that remain floating in air.
Answer:
tiny droplets

(j) Snow is another form of ……………… .
Answer:
water

(k) Open wells are fed by ………….. .
Answer:
ground water

(l) Water cycle is a ……………. process.
Answer:
slow

(m) Excess rainfall leads to many ………………..
Answer:
problems

(n) In ……………… conditions, food and fodder are scarce.
Answer:
drought

(o) The ………………. of water is increasing day-by-day.
Answer:
demand

(p) Collecting rain water is ……………… .
Answer:
rain water harvesting

(q) Excess rains are cause of …………….. .
Answer:
floods

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Every region in the world get same amount of water.
Answer:
False

(b) Plants need water to grow.
Answer:
True

(d) Water can evaporate from any place either in shade or sunlight.
Answer:
True

(e) Plants transpirate water in the absence of sunlight.
Answer:
True

(f) Heating increases the evaporation.
Answer:
True

(g) Clouds are nothing but condensed water.
Answer:
True

(h) Never waste water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structures, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
What is nature of water in seas ?
Answer:
Salty (Saline).

Question 3.
When water evaporates from the seas, lakes, rivers etc, what happens to the salts dissolved in it ?
Answer:
Salts remain behind.

Question 4.
Is evaporation a fast process ?
Answer:
No, it is a slow process.

Question 5.
What is dew ?
Answer:
Dew is condensed water vapour.

Question 6.
What is rain ?
Answer:
Falling of droplets on earth after becoming heavy is rain.

Question 7.
Besides rain, how water returns to the earth ?
Answer:
In the form of hail or snow.

Question 8.
Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation are processes of which cycle ?
Answer:
Water cycle.

Question 9.
What is ground water ?
Answer:
Rain water seeps into the soil and gets collected on a rock. This collected water is ground water. It is pure.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write few uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water.

For drinking, bathing, washing etc.
For cooking, cleaning, watering the plants etc.
For crop growth.
For generating electricity.
In many industries like textile industries and food processing industries.

Question 2.
What is evaporation ? Which factors increase the evaporation ?
Answer:
Evaporation. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapours is called evaporation. Factors responsible for increasing evaporation are :

Wind. More wind results in speedy evaporation
Sunlight. More sunlight increases the speed of evaporation. This is why evaporation is fast during summer and slow during winter.
Exposed Surface Area. When the surface area is large, the speed or rate of evaporation is high.
Humidity. If the humidity in the surrounding is high then the speed of evaporation is low and if the humidity is low then the rate of evaporation is low.

Question 3.
Water disappears from the wet clothes. Why ?
Answer:
Heat from sun converts water into water vapours which get disappeared in the air.

Question 4.
What are clouds ?
Answer:
Clouds are nothing but condensed water vapours in the sky.

Question 5.
Why is sea water not fit for drinking purposes ?
Answer:
Sea water contains many salts in it thus giving water a salty or saline taste. This salty water is not fit for drinking purposes.

Question 6.
What are effects of excessive rains ?
Answer:
Effects of excessive rains.

Excessive rains will increase the level of water in ponds, rivers, seas etc. resulting in floods.
Excessive rains can result in floods. These floods can cause damage to property, life and crops.

Question 7.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting. We must do rain harvesting because of the following reasons :

To increase the availability of water.
To store water for later use when its scarcity is felt.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List sources of water. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Sources of water. At homes we get water from taps, but the main sources of water are :
(i) Ponds
(ii) Lakes
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Wells
(v) Sea water
(vi) Rain.

(i) Ponds. Ponds are low lying areas in which rain water or river water gets collected.

(ii) Lakes. Lakes are natural sources of water. They may contain salts in them.

(iii) Rivers. Rivers contain water formed by melting of snow on the mountains. These rivers many be flowing all year round or temporarily during a particular season. These rivers also have rain water in it. There may be or may not be impurities in them.

(iv) Wells. A part of rain-water seeps into the ground through soil. It reaches the bottom areas of earth’s crust and collects there as a water body. This water is put to use by bor wells and hand pumps.

(v) Sea water. Oceans are big reservoirs of water. Most of the rivers fall into the sea and thus carry dissolved salts and impurities into the sea. That is why, sea water is salty in taste.

(vi) Rain. The rain drops in the form of a cloud are almost pure. But rain water gets contaminated due to gases from atmosphere, particulate matter, acid fumes and micro-organisms floating in the air. We get rain only during specific period i.e. monsoon season in our country.

Question 2.
What is Rain ? What will happen if it does not rain at all ?
Answer:
Rain. When the water vapours in the cloud become too heavy, it falls back to the ground as rain. The earth receives heavy rain at some part of the year. Some parts do not get enough of rainfall. It affects the human, plants and animal life. If at certain places there will not be rain for a year then the soil becomes dry and drought. As most of the soil water evaporates and transpirates from the plants, rivers, ponds and wells, it will dry and water table would lower down. All this affects the humans, animals and wild plants. If it continues for one or two years in continuation, it results into drought.

Question 3.
What will happen if it keeps raining continuously ?
Answer:
Consequences of continuous rains. Rains bring a lot of enjoyment and pleasant weather especially after hot days. However, if it rains heavily, you might have noticed water getting collected here and there and at times causing disruption of normal life.

In case of continuous rains the water level of rivers, lakes and ponds will rise. The soil surface will get laden with water resulting into flood. When the soil gets too much of water, air in the soil comes out of it. Due to lack of air the animals living inside the soil also come out of it. Heavy rains also result in the loss of crops due to overflooding.

Question 4.
Explain and draw a neat diagram of water cycle in nature.
Answer:
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
waterfalls in ponds, streams, oceans, and some water seep down the earth. With the heat of the sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans, etc., and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Light Shadows and Reflections Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Classify different objects depending on whether an object allows light to pass through it completely, partially or not at all.
Answer:
Depending upon the amount of light passing through the object we can classify objects into the following three types.

Transparent objects. Those objects which allow light to pass through them completely.
Translucent objects. Those objects which allow only partial amount of light to pass through them.
Opaque objects. Those objects which do not allow light to pass through them at all.

Question 2.
Classify the objects given in following table as transparent, opaque or translucent.

Object/material	Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water
Tissue paper
Stone
Air
Book
Mirror
Thin cloth

Answer:

Object/material	Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water	Transparent
Tissue paper	Translucent
Stone	Opaque
Air	Transparent
Book	Opaque
Mirror	Transparent
Thin cloth	Translucent

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Light travels in ……………. line path.
Answer:
Light travels in straight line path.

Question 2.
Light cannot pass through …………….. material.
Answer:
Light cannot pass through opaque material.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 111)

Question 1.
For shadow formation, how many things are required ?
Answer:
For shadow formation, the following three things are required :

Source of light.
An opaque object and
For getting shadow a surface or screen (which may be a wall or it can be earth surface)

Question 2.
A shadow is observed, on a screen, when an …………….. object comes in between
screen and a source of light.
Answer:
A shadow is observed on a screen, whenever an opaque object comes in between screen and a source of light.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.112)

Question 1.
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative ………….. of source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative position of source of light and the opaque object.

Question 2.
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be …………….. (black/white)
Answer:
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be black.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 115)

Question 1.
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in ………………… path.
Answer:
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in straight line path.

Question 2.
The images formed by pin-hole camera is …………….. and ………………..
Answer:
The images formed by pin-hole camera is inverted and small.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 116)

Question 1.
A mirror does not change the direction of light that falls on it. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
A polished or shining surface like plane miror produces reflection.
Answer:
A polished or shining surface like plane mirror produces regular reflection.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) An object that allow light to pass through them partially are known as …………….. object.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) Light source like the sun that emit light of their own are called …………… objects.
Answer:
Luminous

(d) The change in direction of propagation of light when light allowed to fall on polished
surface is called ……………….. of light.
Answer:
Reflection

(e) Due to ……………… phenomenon rooms are lighted up in day time though no direct
sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
irregular reflection

2. Write True or False:

(a) Moon is a luminous object.
Answer:
False

(b) We can clearly see through transparent material.
Answer:
True

(d) Light doesn’t travel in straight line path.
Answer:
False

(e) Due to reflection of light, rooms are lighted up during day time though no direct sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Natural sources of light	(a) Light moves along a straight path
2. CFL, LED and tube light	(b) Opaque object
3. Rectilinear propagation of light	(c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
4. Eclipse	(d) Man-made sources of light
5. Cardboard, wood and metal	(e) Sun, stars and firefly.

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Natural sources of light	(e) Sun, stars and firefly
2. CFL, LED and tube light	(d) Man-made sources of light
3. Rectilinear propagation of light	(a) Light moves along a straight path
4. Eclipse	(c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
5. Cardboard, wood and metal	(b) Opaque object.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Objects, like moon, which do not emit light of their own, are called:
(a) Luminous objects
(b) Absorbers of light
(c) Non-luminous objects
(d) Reflectors of light.
Answer:
(c) Non-luminous object

Question (ii)
An object, through which we can see partially, but not very clearly, is:
(a) A rubber ball
(b) A sheet of plane glass
(c) A sheet of tracing paper
(d) A compact disk.
Answer:
(c) A sheet of tracing paper

Question (iii)
When sun (during evening) is behind an object, the size of its shadow in comparison to that of the object M ould be:
(a) Smaller
(b) Almost zero
(c) Larger
(d) Equal.
Answer:
(C) Larger

Question (iv)
The image, formed by a pinhole camera, is:
(a) Inverted and diminished
(b) Inverted and enlarged
(c) Erect and enlarged
(d) Erect and diminished.
Answer:
(a) Inverted and diminished

Question (v)
For shadow formation, we require :
(a) An opaque object
(b) A source of light
(c) The screen to obtain the shadow
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
All of the above

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State the type of path that light ordinarily follows while going from one point to another.
Answer:
Light follows straight line path.

Question (ii)
Fishes do not cast shadow in water. Why ?
Answer:
Fishes do not cast their shadows when the bed river or swimming pool which acts as a screen is far away from the fishes.

Question (iii)
State the relative position of sun, earth and the moon during solar eclipse.
Answer:
During solar eclipse, the position sun will be between earth and the moon and the
three are in a straight line.

Question (iv)
In a completely dark room, if you hold a mirror in front of you, will you see a reflection of yourself in the mirror ?
Answer:
If you hold a mirror in front of you in a completely dark room you cannot see your image because light is required for formation of image.

Question (v)
Two identical bed sheets, of pink and grey colour are hanging on a rope under the sun. What would be the colour of shadow of these two bed sheets ?
Answer:
We know that the shadow of an opaque object is always black. The colour of shadow does not depend on the colour of an object. So the colour of shadows of these two bed sheets would be black.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is regular reflection ?
Answer:
Regular reflection. When light falls on a plane mirror or smooth and polished surface of some metal then it is reflected in a regular manner. This type of reflection is known as regular reflection.

Question (ii)
Why shadow in afternoon is smaller than shadow formed in the morning ?
Answer:
During noon the sun is vertically above our head and the sun rays directly fall on the
objects so that a small image is formed whereas in the morning the sun rays fall obliquely resulting in a large shadow. The size of the shadow depends upon the position of the source of light relative to the object.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Using suitable diagrams show that size of shadow formed, depends on relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
It is clear from the figure that by increasing the distance between the source of light and the opaque body the size of the shadow decreases. And if the distance between the source of light and the opaque object decreases the size of the shadow becomes light. Thus we can say that the size of shadow formed depends on the relative position of source of light and the opaque object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 1

Question (ii)
Using diagram, show the formation of image by pinhole camera.
Answer:
Pinhole camera. It is a simple camera which can be made from wood or cardboard box. Take two boxes such that one can slide into the other tube easily.

Cut the small flaps of one side of each box. Make a hole in the centre of other side of big box. Similarly cut a rectangular flap in the centre of other side of small box. Put a piece of tracing paper on this cut. Slide the smaller box inside the bigger box. A pinhole camera is ready.

Working. Try to view from the open side of small box. Cover your head and box with a black cloth. View some trees or far off objects. Fix camera on object which is completely under sunlight. Slide small box inside bigger box so that a picture can be obtained on butter paper.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 2

Formation of sun’s shadow with pinhole camera.
To make shadow of sun, we need a big cardboard sheet with a pinhole in centre. Hold this sheet in front of sun to get a clear shadow. We will see round image of sun in the centre of the cardboard sheet.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 3

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Light Shadows and Reflections Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The substance through which light can pass is called:
(a) Translucent
(b) Opaque
(c) Transparent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Transparent

Question 2.
For formation of shadow, the object in the path of light should be:
(a) Transparent
(b) Opaque
(c) Traslucent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Opaque

Question 3.
Seeing across Translucent objects is possible:
(a) Completely
(b) Partially
(c) Not at all
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Partially

Question 4.
Luminous bodies:
(a) Emit light
(b) Do not emit light
(c) Take light from other body and then emit light
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Emit light

Question 5.
Moon is a body:
(a) Luminous
(b) Non-luminous
(c) Both luminous and non-luminous
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Non-luminous

Question 6.
During reflection, light after striking polished surface is:
(a) Sent back into the same medium
(b) Is passed on to the other medium
(c) Some part of light returns to the same medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Sent back into the same medium

Question 7.
Reflection of light occurs at :
(a) Regular surface
(b) Irregular surface
(v) Some part of the surface is regular and some part is irregular.
Answer:
(a) Regular surface

Question 8.
When an opaque object is brought near a source of light, then :
(a) The size should become equal to that of the object
(b) The size of the shadow becomes smaller
(c) The size of the shadow increases
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Question 9.
The image formed in a pinhole camera is of :
(a) Object situated near
(b) Distant object
(c) Distant object at rest
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Distant object

Question 10.
The shadow of a transparent object is :
(a) Dark black
(b) Circular
(c) Large sized
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Those objects through which light can not pass completely are called ……………….. objects.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) An opaque object placed in the path of light rays coming from source of light forms a black region behind the object which is called ………………
Answer:
Shadows

(d) Irregular reflection of light takes place from a …………….. surface.
Answer:
rough

(e) Images of sun and other luminous objects are formed by ………………….
Answer:
Pinhole camera

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) The size of the shadow of an object does not depend on the position of source of light.
Answer:
False

(b) During lunar eclipse the moon is in between sun and earth and three are in a straight line.
Answer:
False

(d) Moon is a non-luminous body.
Answer:
True

(e) Taking source of light away from an opaque object forms large shadow of the object.
Answer:
False

Match the following :

Match statement of column A with that of Column B.

Column A	Column B
1. Light travels in straight line	Earth lies in between moon and sun.
2. Lunar eclipse	Formation of shadow
3. Solar eclipse	Pinhole camera.
4. Inverted and small image	Opaque objects, source of light and screen
5. Shadows	Moon is between Earth and Sun.

Answer:
(1) Light travels in straight line – Formation of shadow.
(2) Lunar eclipse – Earth lies in between moon and sun.
(3) Solar eclipse – Moon is between Earth and Sun.
(4) Inverted and small image – Pinhole camera.
(5) Shadows – Opaque objects, source of light and screen.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is luminous body ?
Answer:
Luminous body. An object which gives out light of its own is called luminous body.

Question 2.
Name some luminous bodies.
Answer:
The sun, electric bulb, lighted candle, stars etc.

Question 3.
What are non-luminous bodies ?
Answer:
Non-luminous bodies. The bodies which donot give out light are called non-luminous bodies.

Question 4.
Name four non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Card board, Table, Chair, Stone.

Question 5.
What is a transparent material ?
Answer:
Transparent. The matrial which comdpletely transmits light rays through it, is called transparent.

Question 6.
Name four transparent materials.
Answer:
Air, glass, water, alcohol.

Question 7.
What is an opaque material ?
Answer:
Opaque. The materials which do not allow the light to pass through them, are called opaque.

Question 8.
Name four opaque materials.
Answer:
Card board, Stone, wood piece and brick wall.

Question 9.
What is traslucent material ?
Answer:
Translucent. The material which transmits only part of light through it, is called translucent.

Question 10.
Name four translucent materials.
Answer:
Smoke, Fog, Butter paper, Rubber glass.

Question 11.
What is to be done to see shadow ?
Answer:
To see a shadow, place an opaque object in the path of source of light.

Question 12.
What are shadows ?
Answer:
Shadows. It is the dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light.

Question 13.
Why should not we see directly towards the Sun ?
Answer:
It can affect our eyes.

Question 14.
How is image in a pinhole camera, possible ?
Answer:
When light travels in a straight line, then an inverted image is formed in a pinhole camera.

Question 15.
What is reflection of light ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. When a ray of light falls on a mirror/polished surface, it is sent back in to the same medium. This change of path of light is known as reflection of light.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Is moon a Luminous or non-luminous body ?
Answer:
Moon is a non-luminous body as it does not give out light but reflects the sun light falling on its surface.

Question 2.
What are the conditions necessary for seeing objects ?
Answer:
Conditions necessary for seeing objects :

The object to be seen
Eye
Presence of light

We cannot see objects in the dark. It is the light that helps us to see objects.

Question 3.
Differentiate between luminous and non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Luminous bodies. Those bodies which give out light of their own are called Luminous bodies. For example, the Sun, the stars, jugnu, candle, an oil lamp etc.

Non-Luminous bodies. Some objects around us do not give out light themselves, but become visible only when light from a luminous body falls on them and some part of the reflected light enters our eyes.
Examples. Wood, Iron, cardboard and brick etc.

Question 4.
Why does an opaque body form shadow when light falls on it ?
Answer:
When light falls on an opaque body, it does not allow light to pass through it, so it forms its shadow.

Question 5.
What is a shadow ? What happens when an object is moved towards source of light ?
Answer:
Shadow. It is a dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light. The opaque object does not allow the light to pass through it and light travels in a straight line only.

Question 6.
When we see some opaque object at height in the sun, black spots are seen on the earth. Why ?
Answer:
When we see some opaque objects at a height in the sun we notice some black spots on the earth which are shadows of the objects formed on the earth. Here earth acts as a screen.

Question 7.
Is a screen needed for shadow formation ? Which type of material, act as screen for shadows in daily life ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 4
Yes, screen is needed for shadow formation as shadows can be seen on screens only.
Walls of a room, building and such surface etc. act as screen for shadows in daily life.

Question 8.
Show with an experiment that light travels in a straight line.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 5
Take a small piece of long rubber pipe and place a candle on a table. Light the candle. Stand a little far away from the table and see the candle flame through the pipe. It is visible. Now bend the pipe or move it to the right or left and again look for the candle flame. The candle flame will disappear. This shows that light travels in a straight line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 6
The reason is that light rays coming towards our eye through pipe is stopped due to bend. Since pipe is made up of opaque material, so light cannot pass through it. Hence light cannot reach our eye, due to which candle is not visible to us. This shows that light travels along a straight line.

Question 9.
What is reflection of light ? Which objects can cause reflection ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. The phenomenon of coming back of light into the same medium in a particular direction after falling on any surface, is called reflection of light. Ordinarily reflection takes place from polished surfaces but sometimes we see reflection of trees and buildings from water of tank or lake.

Question 10.
Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent luminous and non-luminous.

Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a miror, a wooden board, a sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, the flame of a gas burner, a sheet of cardboard, a lighted torch, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh, kerosene stove, sun, firefly, moon.
Answer:
Opaque. A piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a wooden board, a CD, a sheet of carbon paper, a wall, a sheet of cardboard.
Transparent. Air, water, a sheet of plane glass.
Translucent. A sheet of cellophane, a sheet of polythene, smoke, fog, an umbrella, a wiremesh.
Luminous. A mirror, a lighted fluorescent tube, lighted torch, a flame of a gas burner, a piece of red hot iron, kerosene stove, sun, firefly.
Non-Luminous. A piece of rock, aluminium sheet, a wooden board, a sheet of cardboard moon.

Question 11.
Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way ?
Answer:
A cylindrical box can give rectangular shadow when placed in vertical direction while a round/circular shadow when placed horizontally.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 7

Question 12.
What are the conditions necessary for formation of shadow of an opaque objects ?
Answer:
For formation of shadow of an opaque object, the following conditions are necessary :

A source of light
An opaque object
The screen (may be a wall or ground

Question 13.
What is Irregular Reflection ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 8
Irregular Reflection. When light falls on some rough or uneven surface then after reflection light gets scattered. Such type of reflection is called irregular reflection. Due to this phenomenon we see various objects around us.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the reflection of light ? Show the phenomenon of reflection with the help of an activity.
Answer:
Reflection of light : The phenomenon coming back of light into the same medium after following on a smooth and polished surface is called reflection of light.

Activity 1.
Ask your friend to hold a plane mirror in his hand and stand in a corner of a dark room. Cover the glass of a torch with your palm and switch it on. To get a beam of light leave some space between your fingers. Throw this beam of light on the plane mirror held by your friend, you would notice the spots of light. Now change the direction of torch so that the image of some other friend standing in the room is formed in the mirror.
This activity shows that the mirror relflects the light falling on its surface.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 9

Activity 2.
Fix a comb on one side of a white thermocol sheet and fix a mirror on the other side as shown in fig. Fix a dark cloured sheet of paper between the comb and the mirror. Now project a beam of light from a torch through the comb on the mirror. You will see a pattern as shown in the figure.
This activity shows that mirror changes the direction of light that falls on it. which is due to reflection of light.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 10

Question 2.
Show an activity to study the factors which are responsible to affect the size and colour of shadows.
Answer:
Study of factors that affect the size and colour of shadows:
Activity.
Throw a beam of light from a torch over a cubical block as shown in the figure to get its shadow on the ground. First, move the torch towards the cubical block and then away from it.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 11

You will notice that when the torch is closer to the cubical block, the shadow is small and when it is away, the shadow is large in size.

Now use cubical blocks of different colours like chalk boxes, books, copies, tiffin boxes for getting shadows. You will see that in each case shadow is black.

In this way from the above activity we conclude:

The size of the shadow of a given opaque object depends on the relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
The shadow of an opaque object is always black whatever may be the colour of the opaque object.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Air Around Us

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Air Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants give out ……………….. gas and breathe in ……………….. gas.
Answer:
oxygen, carbon dioxide

(b) …………………. gas can not be used directly from the atmosphere.
Answer:
nitrogen

(d) ………………. is important for the water cycle.
Answer:
air.

2. Write True or False:

(a) Oxygen gas protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Carbondioxide is required for burning of fuel.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Air contains equal amount of oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Aquatic animals breathe carbon dioxide which is dissolved in water.
Answer:
Flase

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Most abundant gas in the air	(a) ozone
2. Gas required for photosynthesis	(b) water vapours
3. Gas used for respiration	(c) carbondioxide
4. Form of water present in the air	(d) nitrogen
5. Layer that protects us from harmful rays of Sun	(e) oxygen

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Most abundant gas in the air	(d) nitrogen
2. Gas required for photosynthesis	(c) carbondioxide
3. Gas used for respiration	(e) oxygen
4. Form of water present in the air	(b) water vapour
5. Layer that protects us from harmful rays of Sun	(a) ozone

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Air contains highest percentage of which gas ?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Smoke
(d) Carbondioxide.
Answer:
(b) Nitrogen

Question (ii)
Which gas is a supporter of combustion ?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Carbondioxide
(c) Smoke
(d) Oxygen.
Answer:
(d) Oxygen

Question (iii)
Moving air is known as:
(a) Wind
(b) Water vapour
(c) Ozone
(d) Wind mill.
Answer:
(a) Wind

Question (iv)
Earthworms come out of soil during:
(a) heavy rains
(b) cold weather
(c) snow
(d) hot weather.
Answer:
(a) heavy rains.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Which gas is essential for breathing of animals ?
Answer:
Oxygen gas is essential for breathing of animals.

Question (ii)
Name one component of air that does not support burning.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide does not support burning.

Question (iii)
Name the components of air.
Answer:
Components of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapours, and smoke.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration ?
Answer:
Oxygen gas is essential for respiration.

Question (ii)
Why does a lemp of cotton wool shrink in water ?
Answer:
A lemp of cotton has air trapped in it in the spaces between the cotton wool. When water is poured on it or lemp of cotton is dipped in water, the air so trapped gets displaced and appears in the form of bubbles with the result no air space is left between the glasswool. In this way, the size of the lemp decreases so that it shrinks.

Question (iii)
How will you show that air dissolves in water ?
Answer:
To show that air dissolves in water, we can perform the following experiment.
Steps of the Procedure.

Take some water in glass vessel and heat it on a tripod stand before it begins to boil.
Look at the inner surface of vessel.
The tiny bubbles appear inside before water starts boiling.
These are air bubbles.

From this experiment it is proved that air is dissolved in water.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How will you show that air supports burning ?
Answer:
Experiment. Take a candle and fix it on a table.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 1
The candle is lighted by using a burning match stick. The candle will continue to bum in this case. This is because air is continuously available to the candle for its burning process.

Now cover the burning candle by putting an inverted jar over it. After a short time, the candle stops burning. It gets extinguished (see Figure). This can be explained as – when the burning candle is covered with glass jar, then the candle takes the oxygen necessary for burning from the air enclosed in gas jar. Since only a small amount of oxygen is available in the gas jar which is used in short time then the burning candle gets extinguished. Thus when a burning candle is covered with gas jar, then the fresh supply of air to the candle is cut off and hence it stops burning.
From this experiment, we conclude that air is necessary for burning.

Question (ii)
How is the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen gases is maintained in the atmosphere ?
Answer:
Air contains both, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas. Plants use carbon dioxide of air and produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Oxygen is used by animals for respiration and carbon dioxide gas exhaled by them is produced which goes into the air and is used by plants. This is how the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen gases is maintained in the atmosphere.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Air Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which gas is needed for burning ?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) All.
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

Question 2.
Oxygen and Nitrogen constitute , ……………… of air.
(a) 1%
(b) 99%
(c) 100%
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) 99%

Question 3.
The plants release ……………….. during photosynthesis.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Carbon dioxide

Question 4.
Air is:
(a) A mixture of gases
(b) A compound
(c) An element
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) A mixture of gases

Question 5.
Oxygen in air is replaced by:
(a) Respiration
(b) Burning
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
Air helps in moving:
(a) Yachts
(b) Parachutes
(c) Windmills
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The ………………… air sways the clothes on cloth line.
Answer:
moving

(b) Air ……………… space.
Answer:
occupies

(d) Air is a ………………. of many gases.
Answer:
mixture

(e) For burning ……………….. is needed.
Answer:
oxygen

(f) Suffocation is result of excess ……………….. in the room.
Answer:
carbon dioxide

(g) The burning of fuels ……………….. smoke.
Answer:
produce

(h) ……………………. particles are always present in the air.
Answer:
Dust

(i) Hair in nose ……………….. dust particles from getting into our body.
Answer:
prevent

(j) Air is present in the tiny …………………. of soil.
Answer:
particles

(k) The wind makes the ………………… rotate.
Answer:
wind-mill

(l) ………………… plays an important role in water cycle.
Answer:
Air

Write T against true and F against false statement:

(a) Air is found in soil only.
Answer:
False

(b) Air has no visibility but it is transparent.
Answer:
True

(d) Smoke disturbs birds in the sky.
Answer:
True

(e) We should breathe through open mouth.
Answer:
False

(f) Water has air in it.
Answer:
True

(g) Composition of air is constant everywhere.
Answer:
False

(h) Earthworms live in holes in the earth.
Answer:
True

(i) Plants consume oxygen for respiration.
Answer:
True

(j) Windmills generate electricity.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where is air found ?
Answer:
All around us i.e. everywhere.

Question 2.
What makes the leaves rustle ?
Answer:
Air.

Question 3.
What is colour of air ?
Answer:
No colour/colourless.

Question 4.
Which gas is filled in cylinders carried by mountaineers ?
Answer:
Oxygen.

Question 5.
Presence of which particle is important for water cycle ?
Answer:
Water vapour.

Question 6.
Which gas is produced during burning/respiration ?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.

Question 7.
From where do roots get oxygen for respiration ?
Answer:
Air present in soil.

Question 8.
What is layer of air around the earth known as ?
Answer:
Atmosphere.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is air ?
Answer:
Air is a mixture of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide, water vapour, dust particles etc.

Question 2.
Why is oxygen important ?
Answer:
Oxygen is important because it is needed for burning and respiration.

Question 3.
How do animals living on soil and roots of plant respire ?
Answer:
Soil contains air in the space between its particles. Burrows of animals also allow air to circulate through these spaces. So this air is used by animals and roots for respiration.

Question 4.
List uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of air :

It is used for rotating wind mills.
It is used for moving yachts, gliders etc.
It is used by brids for flying.
It is used for burning.
It is used for dispersal of seeds and pollen grains.
It is used for respiration.
It is used for winnowing.

Question 5.
Write few uses of wind mills.
Answer:
Wind mill is a set up which runs on moving air or wind. This is very useful for many activities.
Uses of wind mills :

For drawing water from tube wells.
For generating electricity.
For running flour mills.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How will you show that an empty glass bottle is filled with air ?
Or
How will you show that air occupies space ?
Answer:
Air occupies space. We take an empty glass bottle and hold it in the inverted position. The inverted glass bottle is put in water kept in a vessel (Fig. A). We will find that the water does not enter into the inverted glass bottle because the bottle is filled with air. Actually, all the space in the bottle is occupied by air. From this experiment we conclude that air occupies space.

If we tilt the bottle held in water we will find that the air present in the bottle goes out in the form of bubbles (Fig. B.)

As the air from the bottle escapes, water starts entering the glass bottle. Actually, the space vacated by the air leaving the bottle is now occupied by water.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 2

Question 2.
Give an experiment to show the presence of water vapours in the air.
Answer:
Experiment showing presence of water vapours in air. The presence of water vapours in the air can be shown as follows:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 3

We take a steel or glass tumbler and put some well crushed ice into it. (See Fig.). Wipe the tumbler from outside with a piece of clean and dry cloth so as to make its outer surface completely dry.

Allow the ice-containing steel or glass tumbler to stand undisturbed for five minutes. A large number of tiny drops of water appear on the outer surface of steel tumbler. This is because the air around the steel tumbler contains water vapours in it. When they come in contact with cold, they condense to form tiny drops of liquid water.

Thus, by observing the formation of drops of water on the outside surface of the steel or the glass tumbler containing crushed ice we conclude that water vapours are present in air.

Question 3.
Besides water, what other thing is present in the lump of soil ? Show its presence.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 4
Air is also present in the lump of soil. It can be shown as follows :
We take the lump of soil and put it in a vessel full of water. We will see air bubbles escaping from the lump of soil into the water.

Actually the lump of soil contains air in its pores. When the lump of soil is put in water, the water displaces air from its pores. So, the air present in the lump of soil is seen going out in the form of air bubbles in the vessel containing
water.

Question 4.
How will you show that air contains dust particles ?
Answer:
The presence of dust particles in air can be shown as follows :
We darken a room completely by putting black chart papers on its windows and a black curtain on its door. A small hole is made in the black chart paper fixed on that window, which faces the sun. See Fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 5
A thin beam of sunlight enters the darkened room through the small hole made in the window. We can see the small dust particles moving in the beam of light in the darkroom. Actually, the air in the room always contains some dust particles but they are so small that normally they are not visible to us. These tiny dust particles become visible and can be seen by us only when a thick beam of sunlight falls on them. This experiment shows that air contains dust particles.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 20 Rural Development and Local Self Government

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on the changing face of villages in modern times.
Answer:
Our villages suffered from poverty, illiteracy, disease, and superstitions before Independence. But the face of our villages has been changing since Independence.

Today, in every village we see some progress and development.

Zamindari System has been abolished and the land has been given to the landless farmers.
Agricultural production has increased manifold. Farmers have now begun to use good quality seeds and fertilizers and agricultural machines. Agriculture universities have been set up to improve the condition of agriculture.
Schools and colleges have been opened. Children up to the age of fourteen are being imparted free education. Adult education centres have been established to educate the elderly illiterate citizens. Special facilities have been given to educate the women at village level.
Branches of banks have been opened. Villagers are provided loans at lower rate of interest.
Primary Health Centres have been opened almost in all the villages to provide medical aid to the villagers.
A large number of family planning centres have been opened to help reduce the growing population.
Almost all the villages have been provided with safe drinking water, irrigation facilities and electricity.
Efforts have been made to lay link roads for all villages to join them with the state highways.
Unemployed youths have been provided loans at lower rate of interest to discourage them to migrate to cities in search of employment.
Co-operative farming has been encouraged to improve the economic condition of villages.

Question 2.
What do you understand by Panchayati Raj?
Answer:
Rural local self-government in India is known as Panchayati Raj. It consists of Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti and Zila Parishad.

Question 3.
Which is the lowest and the highest institution of Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:
Village Panchayat is the lowest and Zila Parishad is the highest institution of Panchayati Raj System.

Question 4.
What is the minimum and maximum number of members of a Gram / Village Panchayat in Punjab?
Answer:
The minimum number of members of a Gram / Village Panchayat in Punjab is five and the maximum is eleven.

Question 5.
Write any two functions of Zila Parishad.
Answer:
The following are two functions of Zila Parishad :

Zila Parishad advises, helps, and coordinates the functioning of Panchayats and Panohayat Samitis.
It prepares plans for the rural development of the district.

Question 6.
What was the condition of villages during British rule?
Answer:
During British rule the condition of villages was very bad. Villages were backward. The life of villagers was hard. They had to face many problems. Zamindari system was prevalent. The farmers were exploited by the landlords. Condition of agriculture was very poor. The farmers were unknown to modern scientific and advanced methods of agriculture. Modern irrigational facilities were also not available to them. There was hardly any development of education. Villagers had no health facilities. They had to get treatment from quacks.

Question 7.
Write short note on the composition of Panchayat Samiti.
Answer:
A Panchayat Samiti is formed for a group of 100 village.’ . All the Panchs and Sarpanchs of the Village Panchayats elect their representatives to Panchayat Samiti. Besides such representatives, there are other members also. All the members of State Legislative Assembly, Legislative Council, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha who have been elected from that block are also members of Panchayat Samiti. Every Panchayat Samiti must have one-third women members out of its total members. All the members of Panchayat Samiti elect- among themselves a Chairman and a Vice-Chairman.

Question 8.
What do you mean by Gram Sabha? What is the difference between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat?
Answer:
Gram Sabha is an assembly of all men and women of a village whose age is 18 years and above and whose names are enlisted in the voters’ list.

Difference between Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat. Gram Sabha includes all the persons of the village whose age is 18 years and above, whereas Gram Panchayat consists of the persons elected by the voters of the village. This is the basic difference between the two institutions.

Question 9.
Which is the most important function of the Panchayat Samiti?
Answer:
The most important function of the Panchayat Samiti is to supervise the activities of Village Panchayats of its block.

Question 10.
What the Panchayat Samiti of your area does to improve the local environment?
Answer:
The Panchayat Samiti of our area performs the following functions to improv6 the local environment :

Panchayat Samiti arranges for good seeds and fertilisers to increase agricultural production.
It helps Panchayats to set up small scale industries like pottery.
It encourages fishery and cattle rearing.
It constructs link roads and bridges to join villages of its area,
It arranges for safe drinking water and provides health facilities in its area.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There are ________ States and ________ Union Territories in India.
Answer:
28, 8

Question 2.
Panchayat Samiti is the ________ institution of the Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
middle

Question 3.
The term of Gram Panchayat and Panchayat Samiti is ________ years.
Answer:
5

Question 4.
There are ________ Zila Parishads in Punjab.
Answer:
20

Question 5.
The highest institution of the Panchayati Raj is
Answer:
Zila Parishad.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
The economic condition of the villages was very bad during British Rule.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Seats are not reserved for women in the Gram Panchayat.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
There are District Level Officials of various departments to run district administration properly.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Zila Parishad is also known as Zila Panchayat.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Panchayat Samiti is created for 100 villages.
Answer:
True

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
What is the minimum age required to contest the elections of rural local self-governments institutions?
(a) 20 years
(b) 22 years
(c) 21 years.
Answer:
(c) 21 years.

Question 2.
How many minimum and maximum members are directly elected by voters of Panchayat Samiti?
(a) 9 to 25
(b) 15 to.25
(c) 6 to 29
Answer:
(b) 15 to 25.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Rural Development and Local Self Government Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
________ is a body of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat.
(A) Gram Sabha
(B) Gram Panchayat
(C) Panchayat Samiti
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) Gram Sabha.

Question 2.
Tenure of the Gram Panchayat is
(A) 4 years
(B) 5 years
(C) 6 years
(D) Indefinite time.
Answer:
(B) 5 years.

Question 3.
Panchayati Raj system was enforced with ________ constitutional amendment.
(A) 70th
(B) 72nd
(C) 73rd
(D) 74th.
Answer:
(C) 73rd.

Question 4.
________ seats of all the local bodies are reserved for women.
(A) One tenth
(B) One fourth
(C) One fifth
(D) One third.
Answer:
(D) One third.

Question 5.
Secretary of the Gram Sabha is appointed by _________
(A) State Government
(B) Central Government
(C) Panchayat
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) State Government.

Question 6.
Lowest level of Panchyati Raj system is _______________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Gram Sabha
(C) Panchayat Samiti
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(A) Panchayat.

Question 7.
Middle level of Panchayati Raj system is __________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Panchayat Samiti
(C) Gram Sabha
(D) Zila Parishad.
Answer:
(B) Panchayat Samiti.

Question 8.
Highest level of Panchayati Raj Institution is ______________
(A) Panchayat
(B) Block Samiti
(C) Zila Parishad
(D) Gram Sabha.
Answer:
(C) Zila’Parishad.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What percentage of the people of India live in villages?
Answer:
75 per cent.

Question 2.
What is the main occupation of the people in India?
Answer:
Agriculture.

Question 3.
What are the main problems of our villages today?
Answer:
Poverty, illiteracy, diseases and superstitions.

Question 4.
What is the literal meaning of Panchayat?
Answer:
literally, Panchayat means a committee of five elders to solve the local problems of villages.

Question 5.
Who is a Sarpanch?
Answer:
A Sarpanch is the President of the Village Panchayat.

Question 6.
Which is the smallest unit of human population?
Answer:
Village.

Question 7.
Name the institution that acts as a link between Village Panchayat and Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Panchayat Samiti.

Question 8.
Give the other name for Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Zila Panchayat.

Question 9.
Where is a Village Panchayat established?
Answer:
A Village Panchayat is established in a village with a population of 500 or more.

Question 10.
How many seats are reserved for women in a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
One-third of the total seats of a Village Panchayat.

Question 11.
How is Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat elected?
Answer:
Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat is elected directly by voters.

Question 12.
Who presides over the meetings of a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
Sarpanch.

Question 13.
Name the government servant who helps a Village Panchayat.
Answer:
Panchayat Secretary.

Question 14.
What are the main sources of income of a Panchayat Samiti?
Answer:
Income from property tax, house tax, water tax and grants and loans from government.

Question 15.
How many Zila Parishads are there in Punjab?
Answer:
20.

Question 16.
How many States and Union Territories are there in India?
Answer:
28 States and 8 Union territories.

Question 17.
Why is Federal form of government established in India?
Answer:
Because administration of such a large country cannot be run only by the central government. That’s why federal form of government is established in our country.

Question 18.
Why is local government necessary?
Answer:
It is necessary at the villages or cities to provide basic amenities of life to the local people at the local level.

Question 19.
What is the term of all the levels of local self¬government?
Answer:
Term of five years is fixed for all the levels of local self-government.

Question 20.
What is meant by the Local Self-Government?
Answer:
A form of Government at local level is known as the Local Self-Government. It is basically formed to solve local problems of e people.

Question 21.
What do you mean by Panchayati Raj System?
Answer:
Panchayati Raj System is the structure of rural local self-government in India.

Question 22.
Name the three institutions of Panchayati Raj.
Answer:
Village Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti or Block Samiti and Zila Parishad are the three institutions of Panchayati Raj.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about Panchayat Secretary?
Answer:
Panchayat Secretary is a government servant. He helps the Village Panchayat in its working. He keeps an account of income and expenditure of the Panchayat. He also prepares a report of works of the Panchayat and presents it before the Block Panchayat Officer.

Question 2.
What are the functions performed by a Village Panchayat?
Answer:
A Village Panchayat performs several functions in its area. These functions are discussed below :

A Village Panchayat performs several kinds of public works like sanitation, maintenance of roads, supply of drinking water, maintenance of birth and death records, street lighting and health centre, maintenance of burial and cremation grounds.
It maintains law and order, supervises the functions of government servants and safeguards and maintains public property.
It deals with matters relating to disputes over property and small thefts. It tries to settle the disputes then and there.

Question 3.
Give the sources of income of a Village Panchayat.
Answer:
A Village Panchayat collects money from different sources for the development of its area. It gets money from taxes such as house tax and taxes on shops and fairs. Besides, it collects revenue from its property. It also gets some money in the forms of grants and loans (in case of need) from the State Government.

Question 4.
How is the Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat elected? Discuss any two of his functions.
Answer:
The Sarpanch of a Village Panchayat is elected directly by the voters of the village. In some states, he is elected by the Village Panchayat.

Functions:

The Sarpanch calls the meetings of the Village Panchayat.
He presides over the meetings of the Panchayat.

Question 5.
What is the importance of Village Panchayats?
Answer:
Village Panchayats perform an important role in their areas. They help the villagers in solving their basic problems and fulfill their needs. They also secure the villagers’ participation in the community development.

Question 6.
Discuss the main functions of the Gram Sabha.
Answer:
The main functions of the Gram Sabha are as follows :

The Gram Sabha elects the President (Sarpanch) and the Vice-President (Up-Sarpanch).
It elects members of Nyaya Panchayat.
It approves the annual budget of the Village Panchayat.
It decides policies for the development of its area.
It checks the accounts of Village Panchayat.

Question 7.
What is Federal form of government?
Answer:
In Federal form of government, Central government is there to run the administration of the country and State governments are there to run the administration of the states. Each state is further divided into different districts to run the administration at local level.

Question 8.
Describe three types of institutions of rural local self-government.
Answer:
There are three types of institutions of rural local self-government. At village level, Gram Panchayat is there. Panchayat Samiti is there at block level to check the development activities and other functions of gram panchayats of the block. At district level, Zila Parishad is there to check the activities of block samiti and village panchayats of the district.

Question 9.
Give in brief about reserved seats in rural local self-government.
Answer:
In 1992, 73rd constitutional amendment took place-in which some seats were kept reserved in rural local self- bodies. One third of the total seats (including S.C.’s and S.T.’s) are kept reserved for women. Seats are also kept reserved for scheduled castes and scheduled tribes on the basis of their population in total population of the area.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Panchayat Samiti? Discuss its functions and sources of income.
Answer:
A Panchayat Samiti is a link between Village Panchayat and Zila Parishad. It is elected for a group of 100 villages. It removes common problems of villages and works for the development of its block.

Functions: The main functions of a Panchayat Samiti are as ws:

It looks after the development of its area.
It provides quality seeds and manure to the farmers.
It encourages small scale industries in villages.
It builds bridges and link roads to join villages.
It provides Primary Health Centres in villages.
It supervises the developmental activities of Panchayats of its block.
It provides required information about Panchayats to Zila Parishad.
The activities which do not fall under the jurisdiction of Village Panchayats are also looked after by the Panchayat Samiti.

Sources of Income: Property tax, house tax, water tax and grants and loans from government are the main sources of income of a Panchayat Samiti.

Question 2.
Discuss the composition, functions and sources of income of a Zila Parishad.
Answer:
Zila Parishad’is also called Zila Panchayat. It is the third and highest institution of the Panchayati Raj System. It controls all Panchayat Samitis and Village Panchayats of the district. It acts as a link between rural local self-government and the State Government.

Composition: All the chairmen of Panchayat Samitis are members of Zila Parishad. Besides, the members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha, State Legislative Assembly and State Legislative Council of the area are also its members. Seats are also reserved for women, scheduled castes and scheduled tribes in the Zila Parishad.

Members of Zila Parishad elect one Chairman and one Vice-Chairman among themselves.
Term: The normal term of a Zila Parishad is 5 years, but it can be dissolved earlier also.

Functions: Functions of a Zila Parishad are given below :

It advises, helps and co-ordinates the functioning of Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis.
It prepares plans for rural development of the district.
It advises and guides the State Government for the development of the district.
It settles disputes between Panchayats and Panchayat Samitis.

Sources of Income: The main sources of income of a Zila Parishad are grants from the Centre and State governments, a pa of land revenue, income from its property and taxes imposed bT

Question 3.
Write a short note on the changing face of villages in modern times.
Answer:
Our villages suffered from poverty, illiteracy, disease and superstitions before Independence. But the face of our villages has been changing since Independence. Today, in every village we see some progress and development.

Zamindari System has been abolished and the land has been given to the landless farmers.
Agricultural production has increased manifold. Farmers have now begun to use good quality seeds and fertilisers and agricultural machines. Agriculture universities have been set up to improve the condition of agriculture.
Schools and colleges have been opened. Children up to the age of fourteen are being imparted free education. Adult education centres have been established to educate the elderly illiterate citizens. Special facilities have been given to educate the women at village level.
Branches of banks have been opened. Villagers are provided loans at lower rate of interest.
Primary Health Centres have been opened almost in all the villages to provide medical aid to the villagers.
A large number of family planning centres have been opened to help reduce the growing population.
Almost all the villages have been provided with safe drinking water, irrigation facilities and electricity.
Efforts have been made to lay link roads for all villages to join them with the state highways.
Unemployed youths have been provided loans at lower rate of interest to discourage them to migrate to cities in search of employment.
Co-operative farming has been encouraged to improve the economic condition of villages.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

January 23, 2024January 23, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Motion and Measurement of Distances Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 103)

Question 1.
The length of a curved line can be measured by a metre scale directly. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
The metre is standard unit of length. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) One metre is ………………… cm.
Answer:
100

(b) Five kilometre is ………………. m.
Answer:
5000

(d) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is ……………..
Answer:
Circular motion

2. Write True or False:

(a) Handspan or foot step are standard units of measurement.
Answer:
False

(b) Standard unit of length is metre.
Answer:
True

(d) Length of a curved line can be measured by a scale.
Answer:
False

(e) Motion of hands of a clock is a circular motion.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Metre	(a) Periodic Motion
2. Circular Motion	(b) Length
3. 1 Km	(c) Linear Motion
4. Train on track	(d) Hands of Clock
5. Swing	(e) 1000 m

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Metre	(b) Length
2. Circular Motion	(d) Hands of Clock
3. 1 Km	(e) 1000 m
4. Train on track	(c) Linear Motion
5. Swing	(a) Periodic Motion

Exercise – 2

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
In motor vehicles which of the following is used for measuring the distance covered by the vehicle ?
(a) Speedometer
(b) Odometer
(c) Thermometer
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Odometer

Question (ii)
A student want to take the measurements of a brick, for this purpose which unit he should use ?
(a) Kilometre
(b) Meter
(c) Centimetre
(d) Hand span.
Answer:
(c) Centimetre

Question (iii)
Which one among the following is false ?
(a) 1000 m = 1 km
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm
(c) 100 cm = 1 m
(d) 10 mm = 1 cm.
Answer:
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm

Question (iv)
The motion of wings of a moving fan is …………….
(a) Circular Motion
(b) Linear Motion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Circular Motion.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name some means of transport used in ancient time.
Answer:
Ancient means of transport :

Bullock Cart,
Hand drawn and hand pushed carts,
Palanquin carried by men,
Boats made of wood,
walked on foot,
rode on animals back (horse and donkey),
Tonga, (8) Coracles.

Question (ii)
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
Examples of Periodic motion :
(1) Motion of simple pendulum
(2) Up and down motion of needle of sewing machine.
(3) Motion of swing.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Give two examples of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Examples of transport :
(1) On land : (a) Bus, (b) Car, (c) Train.
(2) On Water : (a) Ship, (b) Boat.
(3) In Air : (a) Aeroplane, (b) Helicopter.

Question (ii)
What is distance ?
Answer:
Distance. It is measurement of length between two points. It is also a length and S.l. unit of distance is metre.

Question (iii)
Arrange the following lengths in their incresing magnitude :
1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.
Answer:
Arrangement of lengths in increasing magnitude :
1 millimeter < 1 centimeter < 1 metre < 1 kilometer.

Question (iv)
Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has been switched on.
Answer:
Both bicycle and ceiling fan have circular motion. But wheel of a bi-cycle also performs linear motion on the road which is not undertaken by ceiling fan.

Question (v)
The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.
Solution.
Distance between Radha’s home and school = 3250 m
= \(\frac{3250}{1000}\) km [∵ 1 km – 1000 m]
= 3.250 km
Answer:

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
Describe what precautions should be taken while measuring length or breadth of an object.
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken while using a metre scale for measuring length :
(1) The scale should be placed close and along the length of the object to be measured.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 1

(2) If the ends of the scale are broken then in such a case one should coincide any other full mark of the scale with one edge of the object. The correct length is obtained by subtracting the reading of the mark from the reading coinciding with the other end of the object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 2

(3) The eye must be kept on the end point of the object where the measurement is to be taken.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 3

Question (ii)
How many types of motion are there ? Give examples for each type.
Answer:
Different types of motion that we generally observe in our daily life are given below :
1. Linear Motion,
2. Circular Motion,
3. Periodic Motion.

1. Linear Motion. The motion of an object in a straight line is called Linear Motion.
Examples :
(a) A car or bus moving on a straight road.
(b) An athlete running on a straight track.
(c) Train running on straight track.

2. Circular Motion. Motion of an object on a circular path is called circular motion.
Examples :
(a) Motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
(b) Motion of hands of a wall clock.
(c) Motion of stone tied to the string when whirled around.

3. Periodic Motion. When an object repeats its motion after a fixed interval of time is said to have Periodic Motion.
Examples :
(a) The motion of a swing.
(b) Motion of needle of a sewing machine.
(c) Heart beat.
(d) The revolution of earth around the sun.

Question (iii)
Write an activity for measuring the length of a curved line.
Answer:
Measuring length of curved line using a thread :
The following steps should be taken while measuring the length of a curved line :
(1) Take a long, thick piece of thread.
(2) Tie a knot at one end of the thread.
(3) Place this knot on one point of curve, let it be A.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 4
(4) Place small portion of thread along the line using fingers and thumb.
(5) Hold the thread at this end point with one hand.
(6) Using other hand, stretch a little more portion of thread along the curved line.
(7) Repeat this process till you reach the other end of line, let it be point B,
(8) Mark the point on the thread with ink.
(9) Stretch this thread on a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and the end mark on the thread. This is the length of the curved line.

Question (iv)
Why handspan or foot steps cannot be used as standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
A standard unit must be same at all places so that it is understood similarly by different persons. If a length is measured by handspans or foot steps of different person it will not be the same.
As their measure is not fixed and varies from person to person. So handspan and foot step cannot be considered as a standard unit of measurement.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of the following is a standard unit of length ?
(a) Decimeter
(b) Centimeter
(c) Millimeter
(d) Metre.
Answer:
(d) Metre.

Question 2.
1 kilometre = ……………..
(a) 100 m
(b) 1000 m
(c) 100 cm
(d) 10 mm.
Answer:
(b) 1000 m

Question 3.
Length of curved line can be measured by:
(a) Tailors measuring Tape
(b) Metre scale
(c) Thread
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Thread

Question 4.
The means of transportation used in water surface is:
(a) Aeroplane
(b) Boat
(c) Train
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Boat

Question 5.
The motion of a child on a swing is:
(a) Circular motion
(b) Periodic motion
(c) Linear motion
(d) Both Circular motion and Linear motion.
Answer:
(b) Periodic motion

Question 6.
1 millimetre is what part of one metre ?
(a) \(\frac{1}{10}\)th
(b) \(\frac{1}{100}\)th
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th

Question 7.
To express the distance between Delhi and Mumbai, the standard unit of length used would be :
(a) Metre
(b) Quintal
(c) Kilometer
(d) Kilogram.
Answer:
(c) Kilometer

Question 8.
The precaution while measuring length with metre scale is:
(a) Correct position of eye
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale
(c) Only correct end of meter scale
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale

Question 9.
The SI unit of length is :
(a) Kilometre
(b) Centimetre
(c) Metre
(d) Inch.
Answer:
(c) Metre

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Curved lengths are measured by using a ……………… .
Answer:
thread

(b) Linear motion is the movement of the object in a …………….. .
Answer:
straight line

(d) The revolution of earth around the sun is an example of ……………… .
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion is the change in …………………. of an object in comparison to surrounding with time.
Answer:
position.

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements :

(a) Swinging of our arms forward and backward is an example of a periodic motion.
Answer:
False

(b) Periodic motion helps us to measure time.
Answer:
True

(d) S.I. unit of length is centimeter.
Answer:
False

(e) Vehicle moving on a straight road is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Column A	Column B
(1) Metre	An ancient unit of measuring length
(2) Motion	Motion of tip of ceiling fan blade
(3) Circular Motion	S.I. Unit of length
(4) Linear Motion	State of moving objects
(5) Hand span	Apple falling from a tree.

Answer:
(1) Metre – S.I. Unit of length
(2) Motion – State of moving objects
(3) Circular Motion – Motionof tip of ceiling fan blade
(4) Linear Motion – Apple falling from a tree
(5) Hand span – An ancient unit of measuring length.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the S.I. unit of length.
Answer:
S.I. unit of length is metre.

Question 2.
State the unit of distance used in each of the following cases :
(i) The height of a person
(ii) The height of mountain peak
(iii) The distance between Mumbai and Delhi.
Answer:
(i) Centimetre,
(ii) Metre,
(iii) Kilometre.

Question 3.
What type of motion does the wheel of a bicycle perform ?
Answer:
The wheel of moving bicycle performs simultaneously circular motion and linear motion.

Question 4.
Can we measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale ?
Answer:
No, we cannot measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale.

Question 5.
What type of measuring device would you use to measure the girth of a tree ?
Answer:
We can make use of either a measuring tape or a thread and metre scale to measure girth of a tree.

Question 6.
What type of motion does striker of a carrom game execute when it moves ?
Answer:
Striker in the game of carroms moves in a straight line and therefore, its motion is linear motion.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to have standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
Measurement means comparing a given quantity with another known quantity of the same kind. For the same measurement, a variety of objects can be used. But when you tell others about the measurement made by you, they will not be able to understand how much the actual measurement is. Thus to make others understand for the sake of uniformity, there is a necessity of having standard units of measurement.

Question 2.
Name two types of motions of the Earth.
Answer:
The earth has two types of motion :

Motion of the earth around the Sun. It repeats after a fixed interval of time. So, it is called periodic motion.
Motion of the earth around its axis. This motion is both periodic and circular motion as it is repeated after a same interval of time and it is along an orbit.

Question 3.
Write precautions needed while using a metre scale.
Answer:
Precautions to be taken while using a metre scale are :

The eye position should be correct.
The scale should be placed properly parallel to the length.
The scale must not have broken end. In case of broken end, any other complete mark must be taken as the initial reading coinciding with the first end.

Question 4.
The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Answer:
1.65 m = 1.65 × 100 = 165 cm [∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
1.65 m = 1.65 × 1000 — 1650 mm. [∵ 1 m = 1000 mm]

Question 5.
While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle ?
Answer:
The length of the needle is = (33.1 – 3) cm = 30.1 cm.

Question 6.
What were different units used for measurement of length in ancient times ?
Answer:
Units for measurement in ancient times were:

length of a foot.
the width of fingers.
distance of a step.
cubit.
yard etc.

Question 7.
Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Modes of transport.

On land are Bus, Car.
On Water. Motorized boats and ships are used as means of transport on water.
In Air. Aeroplanes and helicopters are used as means of transport in air.

Question 8.
Classify the motion of the following objects into linear motion, circular motion and Periodic motion:
Motion of child on swing, motion of a plough, motion of the needle of a sewing machine, motion of a deer, motion of earth, motion of an electric fan.
Answer:
Linear motion. Motion of a deer, motion of a plough.
Circular motion. Motion of the earth, motion of an electric fan.
Periodic motion. Motion of child on the swing, motion of the needle of a sewing machine.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Which things were being used for measurement in ancient times ?
Answer:
In ancient times length of the foot, the width of finger and distance of a step, were used for measurement.

During the Harappa civilization, some exact unit of length must have been chosen as proved by geometrical structures procured during excavation.

The length from one end of the finger to elbow, called cubit was also used as a unit of measure in ancient Egypt. It was also accepted in some other parts of the world.

In a different parts of the world, ‘foot’ was also taken as a unit of measurement of length. Different areas have a different measures of the foot.

People used to measure a yard of cloth with an open arm upto the chin. Romans measured length with their steps.

In ancient India, small measures of lengths were taken by the width of fingers or fists. These days also in some cities of India, flower sellers can be seen measuring the length of flower garlands with their arms. For convenience sake, different parts of the body have been used for measurement.

Because every person has a different measure of body parts so problems occurred during measurement. In 1970, French people invented a measurement scale known as ‘Metric System.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Garbage Management and Disposal Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 164)

Question 1.
Vegetable peels are ………………… waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Question 2.
Glass is a ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Non-Biodegradable.

Question 3.
Plant leaves are ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 165)

Question 1.
Compost is rich in nutrients. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
We can use non-Biodegradable waste in composting. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Vermicomposting is done by ……………..
Answer:
Earthworms.

Question 4.
Kitchen waste (biodegradable waste) is used in Vermicomposting. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 167)

Question 1.
We can also recycle glass and metals to useful product. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Solid waste is commonly called ………….. .
Answer:
garbage

(b) Plastic is a ……………….. material.
Answer:
non-biodegradable

(d) …………… dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
Blue

2. Write True or False:

(a) Green dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
False

(b) Biomedical wastes are hazardous and infectious.
Answer:
True

(d) Landfill site is ideal for making parks and playgrounds.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Biomedical waste	(a) fly ash
2. Industrial waste	(b) medicines and syringes
3. Domestic waste	(c) Paddy husk
4. Agricultural waste	(d) vegetable peels

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Biomedical waste	(b) medicines and syringes
2. Industrial waste	(a) fly ash
3. Domestic waste	(d) vegetable peels
4. Agricultural waste	(c) Paddy husk

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Hospital waste is generally:
(a) Recycled
(b) Incinerated
(c) Dumped in landfill
(d) Composted.
Answer:
(b) Incinerated

Question (ii)
The earthworms used for composting are called:
(a) Redworms
(b) Blueworms
(c) Greenworms
(d) Whiteworms.
Answer:
(a) Redworms

Question (iii)
……………. is a non-biodegradable waste.
(a) Plastic
(b) paper
(c) Vegetable
(d) Animal dung.
Answer:
(a) Plastic

Question (iv)
We can recycle ……………. .
(a) Glass
(b) Metals
(c) Plastic
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is meant by dump ?
Answer:
The low lying areas used for disposing off garbage are called dumps.

Question (ii)
What type of garbage is collected in blue dustbin and green dustbin ?
Answer:
Blue dustbins are used for collecting non-biodegradable wastes like polythene bags, plastics, glass, etc.
Green dustbins are used for collecting biodegradable wastes like sewage waste, news papers, etc.

Question (iii)
What is meant by recycling ?
Answer:
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:

Biodegradable	Non-biodegradable waste
(1) Waste materials that can be decomposed by micro-organisms.	(1) The waste materials that cannot be decomposed easily.
(2) For example-Sewage waste, vegetable peels, etc.	(2) For example-Plastics, glass, chemicals, construction site wastes, etc.
(3) Such wastes are not harmful to environment.	(3) Such wastes are harmful to environment.

Question (ii)
What is vermicomposting ? How is it done ?
Answer:
The method used to prepare compost with the help of earthworms is called vermicomposting. The redworms eat the waste material using their gizzards along with soil and convert it into compost.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain how plastic is a boon.
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Useful aspects. Everything found around us is made of plastic – shoes, toys, buckets, tubes, pens, bags etc. Even electronic things have plastic components. Life seems to come to an end when we consider to abolish plastic. It is used for making things because it is tough, hard, shiny, durable and above all inexpensive.
From the different uses we can consider that plastic is a boon.

Question (ii)
List various methods of garbage disposal. Explain any one.
Answer:
There are three methods for disposal of garbage. These are :
(1) Composting
(2) Landfill
(3) Incineration
Landfilling. This is a commonly used method for disposing the waste.

Method : Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.
Group I : Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II : Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into . separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question (iii)
Explain the 4R’s.
Answer:
4R’s are used for waste management. These are (1) Reuse, (2) Reduce (3) Recycle and (4) Refuse.

(1) Reuse. It means to use an item again instead of throwing it away. We can reuse things after separating. For example fans and mobiles can be reused.

(2) Reduce. Reducing the amount of waste we produce is the best way to protect our environment. We can use glass and metal utensils instead of disposable utensils.

(3) Recycle. Conversion of waste material into usable form is called recycling of the waste. We can recycle old news papers into cardboard. Similarly plastic, glass, metals can be recycled.

(4) Refuse. Refuse the plastic and polythene bags. Disposable plastic pollutes our environment. For example using a reusable metal water bottle instead of disposable water bottle.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Garbage Management and Disposal Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question (i)
Name the material which can be recycled ?
(a) paper
(b) old clothes
(c) toys
(d) all.
Answer:
(d) all

Question (ii)
Domestic waste constitutes :
(a) bandages
(b) kitchen waste
(c) syringes
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) kitchen waste

Question (iii)
The following item is not one of the waste material:
(a) broken glass
(b) a new bottle
(c) wrappers
(d) broken toy.
Answer:
(b) a new bottle

Question (iv)
Some animals die when they swallow
(a) fruit peels
(b) pieces of clothes
(c) plastic bags
(d) food.
Answer:
(c) plastic bags

Question (v)
Red worms survive at:
(a) high temperature
(b) low temperature
(c) average temperature
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) average temperature

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) All the wrapping materials go out as ………………..
Answer:
garbage

(b) Garbage has both ……………….. and non-useful components.
Answer:
useful

(d) ……………. , ……………………. and ……………. do not rot in the garbage heaps.
Answer:
Iron, glass, plastic

(e) The rotting and conversion of some materials into ……………… is called composting.
Answer:
manure

(f) The food of red worms is ……………….. and ……………….. waste.
Answer:
fruit, vegetables

(g) Red worms have structures like …………….. which help in grinding the food.
Answer:
gizzards

(h) Paper-mache is a paste made of clay and ……………. .
Answer:
paper

(i) Same kind of plastic can be …………… .
Answer:
recycled

(j) The plastic bags are cause of ………………… of drains and sewer system.
Answer:
choking

(k) We should not use ……………. to store eatables.
Answer:
plastic bags

(l) We should never bum ……………… and plastic ………………. .
Answer:
plastic bags, items

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) Garbage is always non-useful.
Answer:
False

(b) Composting of waste material can be done only by red worms.
Answer:
False

(d) We are irresponsible as we do not take proper care of the wastage.
Answer:
True

(e) The plastic bags are cause of death of animals.
Answer:
True

(f) Burning of leaves is done to reduce garbage.
Answer:
True

(g) Vermicomposting is a process to reduce useful garbage into useful components.
Answer:
True

(h) Red worms can survive any conditions of the weather.
Answer:
False

(i) Landfill is a low lying area.
Answer:
True

(j) Bum the garbage that do not rot.
Answer:
False

Match the column A with column B:

Column A	Column B
(1) Composting	3 categories
(2) Landfill	sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(3) Domestic wastes	area where garbage dumped
(4) Sewage waste	converting waste into manure.

Answer:
(1) Composting – converting waste into manure
(2) Landfill – area where garbage dumped
(3) Domestic wastes – sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(4) Sewage waste – 3 categories.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is land fill ?
Answer:
Land fill is a low lying open area to dump the waste.

Question 2.
What is garbage ?
Answer:
Garbage: All the waste material from houses, markets, school, offices etc. constitute
garbage.

Question 3.
Name different components of garbage.
Answer:
Useful and non-useful components.

Question 4.
Which part of red worms help in grinding the food ?
Answer:
Gizzard helps in grinding the food.

Question 5.
Used paper can be remade and is used for other purposes. What is this process known as ?
Answer:
Recycling.

Question 6.
What is colour of garbage after rotting ?
Answer:
Black.

Question 7.
Can salt, pickets be given to red worms ? Why ?
Answer:
No, These materials produce disease causing organisms.

Question 8.
Which coloured bin is used for collecting kitchen waste or degradable waste ?
Answer:
Green.

Question 9.
Blue coloured bin is used for which type of substances ?
Answer:
Recycling material.

Question 10.
What is compost ?
Answer:
Compost. Dead leaves and other plant material are broken down in the soil into nutrients for plants to use is known as compost.

Question 11.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ?
Answer:
Vermicomposting. It is the method of making compost from kitchen garbage using red worms is called vermicomposting.

Question 12.
Write the types of garbage.
Answer:
Garbage consist of two type of components :

Useful components.
Non-useful components.

Question 13.
How non-useful components of waste or garbage are dumped ?
Answer:
The non-useful component is separated from garbage. It is then spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into park or play ground.

Question 14.
What is composting ?
Answer:
Composting. The rotting and conversion of some garbage into manure is called composting.

Question 15.
Why it is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups ?
Answer:
It is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups because waste contains two type of components. One are useful and recycled and other are non useful and can not be recycled like polythene bags.

Question 16.
Can polythene bags be recycled ?
Answer:
No, polythene bags cannot be recycled.

Question 17.
Name the material which can be recycled.
Answer:
Paper can be recycled.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is recycling ?
Answer:
Recycling is making of useful substance from the used materials i.e., rotten paper can be recycled to get fresh paper for use.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Red worms.
Answer:
Red worms. Red worms are small organisms which can convert useful component of garbage into manure. These can survive under normal conditions and get doubled in one month. They feed on vegetable and fruit waste only. Milk products, salt, lemon pickles are harmful to them. Red worms have structures called gizzard for grinding the food material.

Question 3.
How can we minimize the use of plastics ?
Answer:
Steps to minimize the use of plastics

Use paper bags instead of plastic bags.
Use jute or cloth bag while shopping.
Never bum plastic bags and plastic item.
Use washable utensils instead of plastic ones.

Question 4.
How does garbage spoil the landscape ?
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape. Improper management of solid waste leads to spoilage of landscape. Solid waste left untreated is unhygienic. It destroys the surrounding greenery. The texture of soil becomes toxic and rats, house flies, mosquitoes and bacteria make their homes in this waste heap. Thus, destroying the beauty and usefulness of that area.

Question 5.
How is a landfill used for composting ?
Answer:
Following steps are taken for composting the waste in a landfill –

Deposit the garbage in a landfill.
Compress it with bulldozers.
Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep soil after every deposit of garbage.
Finally cover properly the top layer with 2 inches of soil.

Question 6.
Why burning of agricultural waste is not safe ?
Answer:
Burning of dried leaves, husk and agricultural waste produces smoke and harmful gases which have an adverse affect on the health.

Question 7.
What is role of municipality to separate the garbage ?
Answer:
Role of municipality to separate the garbage. In some town and cities, municipality provides separate dustbin for collecting different kinds of garbage. Blue coloured bin is for materials which can be recycled and green coloured bin is for kitchen waste, or the waste which can easily rot or decompose, when get buried in the soil.

Question 8.
Is it possible for all of this garbage to be changed into compost ? How ?
Answer:
No, it is not possible to change all of this garbage into compost because it contains two kind of components- (i) useful (ii) non-useful.

(i) Useful Components : The components from kitchen waste like fruits, vegetable peels, eggs shells, waste food can be changed to manure. Waste papers can be recycled.

(ii) Non Useful Components : The components like piece of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers and broken toys cannot be changed to manure or compost.
Hence all type of garbage cannot be changed into compost.

Question 9.
How does a landfill basically works ?
Answer:
The basic working of a landfill involves the following three steps:

Deposit the refuse.
Compact it with buldozers.
Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep of soil after each day operation and with a final cover of 2 feet when the area is full.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can we reduce garbage and deal with it ?
Answer:
Steps taken to reduce and deal with garbage are:

Reuse plastic items and bags whenever it is needed.
Use vermicomposting at home.
Recycle paper.
Donot throw plastic bags here and there after use.
Make full use of your note books. Use slates for rough work.
Make people aware of proper practices for disposing different kinds of waste.

Question 2.
Discuss whether plastic is a boon or a curse ?
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Harmful aspects. It is difficult to dispose plastic as it bums with a foul smell and lots of smoke containing harmful gases.

Plastic do not rot even under undesirable conditions. Instead it create havoc in daily routine. Such as plastic bags when swallowed by animal are cause of their death as they choke their alimentary canal. These bags choke the drains and sewage thus causing a great problem. Some times food becomes poisonous when stored in plastic bags. Plastic things become shapeless when kept near fire.
So from above point of view plastic is a boon as well as a curse.

Question 3.
What do you know about waste ? Classify them according to their nature.
Answer:
Waste : The materials discarded by human beings in their day to day activities are considered as domestic waste.
Domestic waste may be classified into the following types :

Food Waste : The animal, fruit or vegetable residue (also called garbage) resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and eating of food.
Ashes : Residue left over from the burning of wood, coal, coke etc. or from partially burnt materials.
Rubbish : Waste material like cardboard, plastics, rubbers, wood, furniture, glass, broken utensils etc.
Human excreta : Waste product excreted from the body is termed excreta.
Plastic bag : Used plastic bags made of synthetic material are often thrown away.

Question 4.
What do you mean by dumping ? Explain improved form of open dumping method (Land filling).
Answer:
Waste dumping is a method of controlled final disposal at landfill sites which must be done by using state-of-the art method.
The improved form of open dumping is termed as land-filling.

Method: Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.

Group I: Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II: Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question 5.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ? How can we prepare manure by vermicomposting ? Explain with activity.
Answer:
The method of preparing compost from kitchen wastes with the help of red worms is called vermicomposting.

Method to prepare manure by vermicomposting (Activity): Take a wooden box and place it where there is neither too hot nor too cold. Spread a net at the bottom or spread sand as an alternative. Also, spread some vegetable waste along with it. Dried animal dung could also be used as a spread over-sand. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet. The pit is ready for composting. Now put some red worms on the pit. Cover them loosely with a gunny bag. To feed red worms vegetable waste, coffee, tea leaves can be used.

Question 6.
How do red worms make vermicompost?
Answer:
Redworms do not have teeth. They have a structure called ‘gizzard’ which helps them in grinding their food. Eggshells could be mixed with the wastes. They help redworms in grinding their food. Red worms need moisture around them. With all this, the number will be doubled. After 3-4 weeks, we will see loose soil-like material in the pit called vermicompost.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 19 Community Meet Human Needs

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Community Meet Human Needs Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Why is human being called a social animal.?
Answer:
Man is a social being by nature. He cannot live alone. He needs someone to fulfil his needs. It is so because Man is the only living being in the world who can think. It is so because of the intellectual power of man. He needs someone to live with. That is why a human being is called a social animal.

Question 2.
Which is the basic unit of society?
Answer:
Family is the basic unit of society.

Question 3.
How was human life in ancient times?
Answer:
Human life in ancient time was very hard but simple. The man wandered in forests. He used to make both ends meet by hunting wild animals and birds. Gradually, he learnt agriculture and began to live at one place. His needs were minimum. He took water from nearby wells, rivers or ponds. He ate whatever was grown in his fields. He collected grass, twigs, leaves, mud and wood and built his house.

Question 4.
What is the difference between tribal and city life?
Answer:
Tribal life is not stable. Tribal people do not live permanently in one place and move from place to place. Their life is simple and their needs are minimal.

City life, on the other hand, is stable. Life of people is very complex and their needs go on increasing day by day. These people enjoy all amenities of life.

Question 5.
How are human beings different from other living things?
Answer:
Human beings are like other living things but they are also different from them. Human beings are the only creatures on earth who possess a developed brain and who can think. All other living beings on earth do not have this power. It is only this intellectual power that differentiates human beings from other living things.

Question 6.
Why is society essential for man?
Answer:
Society is an essential institution. No man can live without it. His needs and nature compel him to live in society. Man lives in society due to the following reasons :

It provides protection and shelter to man.
It fulfils his needs of food, clothing, housing, education, etc.
It enables him to exchange his ideas and knowledge with others and thus further develops culture and civilization.
It provides him an opportunity to develop values and virtues by his personal experiences.

Question 7.
Why we are proud of our Indian community?
Answer:
India is a land of diversities. A large number of diversities such as geographical diversities, social diversities, economic diversities, religious diversities, regional diversities and political diversities, exist in India. There are a lot of differences in climate, weather, people’s residences, food, dress, traditions, habits, folk lores and folk dances and many other things. But unity appears, out of these diversities. This is the unity of emotions, feelings and sentiments. All the people of India consider themselves as one and they give an important contribution to the progress of the country. This is the reason why we are proud of our Indian community.

Question 8.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purposes, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With the increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Question 9.
Write a short note on the change of community from natural to man-made.
Answer:
In the beginning, man lived in the jungle and he was dependent upon nature. He started his life as a hunter. Agriculture made his life stable. It also minimised his dependence upon nature. He began to exchange his goods with other people. It started trade. Human thinking gave birth to various occupations. These included carpentry, smithy and shoe-making. Expansion of occupations made essential the things like organisation, law and order and administration etc. Thus man left the natural environment and entered the man-made environment.

Question 10.
Write a note on the development of Indian civilization.
Answer:
It took hundreds of years for Indian civilization to develop. People of diverse origins came to India from time to time and stayed here. All those people ultimately made it their home. Their way of life and ideas were accepted and adopted by the people living here. So many diverse cultures got assimilated into one another. As a result, Indian civilization became a mixture of many colours and shades.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
In ancient time people were living in _________
Answer:
villages

Question 2.
Urban population is _________ day by day.
Answer:
increasing

Question 3.
Community is called _________ of families.
Answer:
group

Question 4.
The main occupation of early man was _________
Answer:
hunting

Question 5.
Man is the only living creature with a power of
Answer:
thinking.

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
India is known as ‘Country with Unity in Diversity’.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Gidha is folk dance of Rajasthan.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Every human being is an important part of his commumity.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Man can live in isolation.
Answer:
False

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary social unit of a society? ‘
(a) Family
(b) City
Answer:
(a) Family.

Question 2.
Why is man a social animal?
(a) Because a man can live alone.
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.
Answer:
(b) Because a man cannot live alone.

Question 3.
Which spirit is created by the cultural brotherhood?
(a) Spirit of Patriotism
(b) Spirit of Communalism.
Answer:
(a) Spirit of Patriotism.

Question 4.
First of all which material was used by a man to make weapons in the ancient period?
(а) Stone
(b) Copper.
Answer:
(a) Stone.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Community Meet Human Needs Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
_________ is a system where people live together and interest with each other.
(A) Society
(B) Community
(C) Association
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(A) Society.

Question 2.
Who said that, “Society is the web of social relationship”?
(A) Weber
(B) Maclver
(C) Kare Marx
(D) Durkheim
Answer:
(B) Maclver.

Question 3.
_________ is a group of people who have definite features and who live at a particular place or district or country.
(A) Society
(B) Association
(C) Community
(D) Organisation.
Answer:
(C) Community.

Question 4.
Who said that ‘Man is a social animal’?
(A) Weber
(B) Aristotle
(C) Karl Marx
(D) Durkheim.
Answer:
(B) Aristotle.

Question 5.
_________ is a country with great unity in diversity.
(A) India
(B) USA
(C) Australia
(D) Canada.
Answer:
(A) India.

Question 6.
Man in Primitive times was a
(A) Hunter
(B) Food gathers
(C) Nomad
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Why do humans need society?
(A) For Protection
(B) To fulfill his needs
(C) To exchange ideas
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
Which metal greatly helped in the development of mankind?
(A) Iron
(B) Gold
(C) Silver
(D) Tin.
Answer:
(A) Iron.

Question 9.
An organised society is called a _________
(A) Society
(B) State
(C) Institution
(D) Community.
Answer:
(B) State.

Question 10.
Which of these is our duty towards society?
(A) Loyalty
(B) Honesty
(C) To give sacrifice
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why does man live in society?
Answer:
Man lives in society because of his nature and needs.

Question 2.
What is the first basic society for the child?
Answer:
Family is the first basic society for the child.

Question 3.
What type of qualities does a child acquire from family?
Answer:
A child acquires various types of qualities like affection, sympathy, sacrifice, respect and brotherhood, etc. from family.

Question 4.
What is the world community?
Answer:
Many nations of the world together make a human society. This human society is known as a world community.

Question 5.
Name the metal which played a very important role in the development of mankind
Answer:
Iron.

Question 6.
When did an organised and stable community life come into existence?
Answer:
An organised and stable community life came into existence when man began to grow crops.

Question 7.
Why were family and society created? ‘
Answer:
Family and society were created to fulfil the common goals of the people.

Question 8.
What are the basic qualities of social life?
Answer:
Discipline, co-operation, respect, tolerance and vigilance, etc. are the basic qualities of social life.

Question 9.
What led to the urbanisation of society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social groups led to the urbanisation of society.

Question 10.
When was society needed to be organised?
Answer:
Society was needed to be organised when groups of families became larger due to increase in population.

Question 11.
What is an organised society called?
Answer:
An organised society is called a state.

Question 12.
What is the main basis of social organisation?
Answer:
Co-operation among people is the main basis of social organisation.

Question 13.
What is meant by Society?
Answer:
A system where people live together in organised way and interact with each other is known as society.

Question 14.
What is Community?
Answer:
A group of people who have definite features and who live in a place, district or country is called community.

Question 15.
How can you say that India is a country with unity in diversity? ‘
Answer:
India is a country with unity in diversity because large scale social,physical, religious, economic, political and regional diversities are found here. Even then there is emotional unity among people.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is family called the first basic unit of social life?
Answer:
Family is the only first basic unit of social life.-It is only in the family that a child learns affection, co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline. By taking interest in the family decisions taken by parents, the child learns how to take part in the decisions taken by the country’s government. All these qualities contribute to the formation of a good nation.

Question 2.
How are various institutions helping the modern man?
Answer:
Various institutions help a lot in making the modem man civilised. Family which is the primary school for civic qualities, teaches us mutual co-operation, sense of service, tolerance, sacrifice, renunciation and discipline. Similarly, school and society also teach us the same qualities, which result in making us good citizens.

Question 3.
What are our duties towards society?
Answer:
Our duties towards society are as follows :

We must be loyal towards society and obey the rules formed by it.
We must pay honestly the taxes levied by our government so that our country can make progress.
We must be prepared to make every sacrifice for the defence of our country.
We must live in mutual love, peace and brotherhood with our fellow beings.
We must protect our social and natural environment from being polluted.

Question 4.
Why is man called a social being?
Answer:
Man is called a social being because he cannot live alone. His nature and needs compel him to live in society. Isolation bores him, and he loves to live with his fellow beings. Besides, he has to depend upon society for the fulfilment of his needs. Therefore, man is a social being.

Question 5.
Why is India called a sub-continent?
Answer:
India stands as a sub-continent in South Asia. The natural frontiers of India provide an isolated character to the vast Indian landmass. The Himalayas in the north, the Indian Ocean in the south, dense forests in the east and Thar desert in the west separate it from the main continent. That is why India is called a sub-continent.

Question 6.
What type of qualities do you acquire from your school community?
Answer:
We acquire several qualities from our school community. We acquire discipline, obedience and sportsmanship, besides reading and learning.

Question 7.
Why and how has urbanisation developed in the society?
Answer:
The interdependence of various social gropus led to the urbanisation of society. With the passage of time, village population increased. For administrative purpose, towns came into existence. With industrialisation, the towns developed into cities. With increase in village population, demand for goods raised. In order to fiilfil the deand, manual labour was replaced by machines. Big factories were established, around which large cities were set up. A large number of villagers moved to cities in search of employment. Consequently, urbanisation developed.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the institutions which teach a man how to lead a civilised civic life.
Answer:
A man comes in contact with various institutions in his life, which teach him how to lead a civilised civic life.

Following is the description of a few such institutions :

Family: Family is the primary unit of social life. Social life begins at home. Family is the first and foremost institution where a man learns the first lesson of citizenship and civic virtues. It is only in the family that he adopts the virtues of love, co-operation, service, sacrifice, obedience, respect and discipline.
School: After family, school plays an important role in the formation of civic life. School acts as a centre of primary education. A sense of discipline, as well as a sense of obedience, is learnt by a man in school.
Village or City: People of a village or city make collective efforts to solve their problems. These collective efforts are called a local government. The local government plays an important role in civic life.

Question 2.
Write a note on Unity in Diversity in India.
Answer:
Our country India is known for its unity in diversity. This unity is of feelings and emotions. We cannot find any other country with such diverse physical and cultural conditions. Every citizen of India is proud of its unity. People of different origins, cultures, and religions came over here and settled here. All these people ultimately became a part of Indian society. Their culture was mixed with Indian culture. As a result, Indian culture is a mixture of many colours and shades just like a rainbow. Geographical conditions are also very much different from one region to the other. We can find deserts, mountains, fertile plains, rocky plains, frozen zones over here. In this way, we can say that Unity in Diversity exists in India.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software

January 20, 2024January 19, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Hardware and Software Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2)

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Hardware and Software Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The computer is a combination of hardware and …………….
(a) Software
(b) Application
(c) Processor
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Software

Question 2.
Set of instructions is called ……………..
(a) Software
(b) Hardware
(c) Program
(d) Application.
Answer:
(c) Program

Question 3.
Group of programs is called …………….
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Processor
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Software

Question 4.
Software is of types ………………
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5.
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 5.
Computer cannot work without ……………..
(a) Word
(b) Excel
(c) Operating System
(d) PowerPoint.
Answer:
(c) Operating System.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which part of CPU connects the other parts like Processor, Hard Disk, RAM etc. ?
Answer:
Motherboard.

Question 2.
What we call a set of instructions given to a computer ?
Answer:
Program.

Question 3.
Which part of computer cannot be touched but felt ?
Answer:
Software.

Question 4.
What are two types of Software ?
Answer:
The two types of software are : system software and application software.

Question 5.
Which type of softwares is more expensive ?
Answer:
System software are more expensive.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Hardware?
Answer:
The Physical components of a computer are called hardware. Each device in itself is a hardware. These devices are three-dimensional in nature, they can be touched and they have weight.

Question 2.
What is Software?
Answer:
Software is a set of instructions or programs which are used to make a computer functional. Physically software is a collection of programs. These programs are made for various purposes. This software is normally stored on a secondary storage device.

Question 3.
Write the name of devices which are connected with the motherboard.
Answer:
Devices connected to the motherboard are given below :

Hard Drive
Video Card
Processor
Fan
RAM
Power Supply
CD/DVD Drive

Question 4.
Give four examples of Hardware.
Answer:
Four examples of hardware are : Keyboard, Mouse, Central Processing Unit and Monitor.

Question 5.
What are the qualities or features of Software?
Answer:
Following are the main features of software :

Software have no weight.
We cannot touch software.
A software makes a hardware functional.
Software is stored on hardware.

Question 6.
Explain the important points for taking care of hardware.
Answer:
Following things should be kept in mind while using the hardware :

Keep all the parts of the computer clean.
Cover it after use.
Do not pull cables or computer parts.
Press keyboard keys gently.
Do not eat in the computer room.
Keep Hardware in the proper manner.
Keep your shoes outside the computer lab.
Handle different parts of the computer in a proper way.
Use soft cloth or a brush to clean the computer.
Do not clean the equipment while the computer is turned on.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the difference between Application Software and System Software.
Answer:
The main differences between application software and system software are :

System Software:

It.is necessary for functioning of computer.
This software is complex in nature.
System software are costly.
This software is developed by highly experienced person only.
Computer cannot work without system software.
System software are bigger in size.
Examples of system software are : Operating Systems, Language translator etc.

Application Software:

Application software is not necessary for functioning of computer.
Application software is not as complex as system software.
Application software are not costly.
This software can be developed by experienced person.
Computer can work without application software.
Application software are normally smaller in size.
Examples of application software are : Word processor, Spread¬sheet, Graphic Solution etc.

Question 2.
Write a note on Hardware.
Answer:
Hardware are the physical components of a computer system. It includes all the physical components which can be touched and which can be seen. Examples of some hardware are keyboard, mouse, printer, monitor and CPU. Different types of hardware devices are used for different purposes :

Features of Hardware:
Following are the features of hardware :

Hardware can be touched and felt.
Hardware occupies space.
Hardware has weight.

There are different types of hardware used for computer systems :
1. System Unit:
The system unit is also known as the Central Processing Unit of computer system. This unit acts on the brain of the computer. It includes the essential components such as motherboard, processor, RAM, Hard Disk, CD ROM etc. Normally these devices are packed in a metallic or plastic case known as a system case or cabinet.

2. Motherboard:
Motherboard is a board which holds all the components together. This board is also known as a printed circuit board. All the components of the computer system are connected to this directly or using some wire.

The main components that are (Connected to the motherboard are :
(а) Hard Drive : Hard drive or hard disk is the main storage device of a computer. It is used to store data permanently the main software like operating systems are also placed on this hard disk.

(b) Video Card : This card is used to display the output properly on a monitor.

(c) Processor : Processor processes all the instructions given to the computer. It performs all the Arithmetic and logical unit operations. It controls all the activities of the computer also.

(d) Fan : The computer gets heated when it is used. So a fan is placed in the CPU to keep it cool.

(e) RAM : RAM is the primary memory of computers. It is also known as Random Access Memory. All the data and instructions are loaded in this
memory before processing. This memory is a volatile type of memory. It means the data gets lost when the computer is switched off. The computer cannot work without Random Access Memory.

(f) Power Supply : This unit is responsible for giving power to all the components of the computer.
(g) CD/DVD : This device is used to play, read and record the data and instructions on CD or DVD.

Group Activity

1. Put the following terms into their relevant type:
Floppy Disk
MS Word
MS Paint
Monitor
Keyboard

Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 15

Hard Disk
CD
Mouse
MS Excel
Operating System
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 7
Answer:

Question 2.
Take the students to computer lab in a group. Make a list of hardware and software parts present in the lab. Put a tick before the parts which are present in your lab given in a list below:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 11
Answer:
The answers of this activity are based on a normal computer lab in the schools.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Hardware and Software Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Physical components of Computer are called ……………
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Liveware
(d) System.
Answer:
(a) Hardware

Question 2.
…………… cannot he touched …………….
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Liveware
(d) System.
Answer:
(b) Software

Question 3.
Computer can operate without software ……………
(a) System
(b) Application
(c) Word
(d) Notepad.
Answer:
(b) Application

Question 4.
System software is of types …………….
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 1.
Answer:
(a) 2.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two types of software.
Answer:
System Software and Application Software.

Question 2.
Which part connects all the Internal parts of Computer ?
Answer:
Motherboard.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss the features of Hardware.
Answer:

Following are the features of hardware :

Hardware can be touched and felt.
Hardware occupies space.
Hardware has weight.

Question 1.
What System Unit?
Answer:
The system unit is also known as the Central Processing Unit of computer system. This unit acts as the brain of the computer. It includes the essential components such as motherboard, processor, RAM, hard disk, CD-ROM etc. Normally these devices are packed in a metallic or plastic case known as a system case or cabinet.

Question 2.
What is System Software ?
Answer:
System software can be defined as a set of programs which are necessary for functioning of the computer itself. This program directly contacts the computer hardware and gets the work done from that hardware. Without a system software computer cannot work. System software helps to read the data from input devices and transfer the processed information to output devices. This software acts like a computer manager of computer.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain different types of Software.
Answer:
Softwares are of two types:

System software
Application Software

System Software:
System Software is defined as a collection of programs that controls the overall operation and internal working of the computer system. It reads data from input devices and transfers the processed information to output devices. It works like a manager. It is an important part of computer. A Computer can never be used without System Softwares. e.g. Operating System, Utility Program, Language Translator. It is difficult to design system software. System Softwares are developed by experts only
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 4

Application Software:
These type of software are used for some particular operations. There are several types of Application softwares available now a days. Each one of them are having their own application areas. These type of softwares can be used for beautifying the documents, making calculations, arranging data in an organized way. System software is the need of every computer but application software can be different for different computers. It is an non-essential part of computer hence it depends upon the need of the user. These are also called general purpose software. e.g. Spread Sheet Software, Word Processor, Graphic Software
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 5

Question 2.
What is Motherboard ? Explain its parts.
Answer:
Motherboard : The motherboard is a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) which is used to connect all the internal parts of computer. We can see a motherboard in the diagram shown below:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 3

Some of the components that are connected with motherboard are:

Hard Drive : Hard drive Or Hard Disk is the main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer.
Video Card : The video card is a device in a computer that outputs visual information to the monitor.
Processor : Processor carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, control operations of the system.
FAN : Every computer has a cooling fan designed primarily to prevent the CPU from overheating.
RAM : Ram is known as Random Access Memory. This is a Main Memory of Computer which is considered as Primary memory. All the data and instructions are loaded in this primary area of computer before processing. This memory is volatile and all information that was stored in this memory is lost when the computer is turned off.
Power Supply : The component that supplies power to a computer.
CD/DVD : A disc that store large amounts of data.