Class 6

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) The respiratory organs of fish are ………………
Answer:
Gills

(b) Environment consist of ……………. and ……………… component.
Answer:
Biotic and Abiotic

(c) Sunlight is ………………. component of a habitat.
Answer:
Abiotic

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(d) Animals that live on land are called …………………
Answer:
Terrestrial animals

(e) All ……………….. beings show growth and reproduction.
Answer:
Living

2. Write True or False:

(a) Cactus carry out photosynthesis using their stems.
Answer:
True

(b) A camel’s hump stores food and water.
Answer:
False

(c) All green plants are consumers.
Answer:
False

(d) Biotic components consist of water, air and soil.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth (a) Plants or animals
2. Arboreal (b) Waxy coating on stem
3. Cactus (c) Monkey
4. Biotic components (d) The sun.

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth (d) The sun
2. Arboreal (c) Monkey
3. Cactus (b) Waxy coating on stem
4. Biotic components (a) Plants or animals.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Abiotic components include:
(a) Air, water, plants
(b) Air, water, soil
(c) Plants and animals
(d) Soil, plants, water.
Answer:
(c) Plants and animals

Question (ii)
Cactus is a ……………..
(a) Xerophyte
(b) Decomposer
(c) Hydrophyte
(d) Herb.
Answer:
(a) Xerophyte

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question (iii)
…………….. have a streamlined body.
(a) Earthworms
(b) Tigers
(c) Fishes
(d) Polar bears.
Answer:
(b) Tigers

Question (iv)
Organisms living in water are called ……………….. animals.
(a) Aquatic
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Xerophytes
(d) Aerial.
Answer:
(a) Aquatic

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define habitat.
Answer:
The place where living beings live is called Habitat.

Question (ii)
Define adaptation.
Answer:
The ability of living things to adjust themselves to their surroundings is called adaptation.

Question (iii)
Give two examples -each of terrestrial and aquatic animals.
Answer:
Terrestrial animals : Monkey, Human beings

Question (iv)
What are the producers ?
Answer:
Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers.

Question (v)
What are biotic components ?
Answer:
Living things like plants, animals, human beings and micro-organisms in a habitat are biotic components.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define scavengers and decomposers.
Answer:
Scavengers. The animals that feed on dead animals and help us in keeping our environment clean, e.g. vultures, dogs etc.

Decomposers. Micoorganisms which feed on dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are called Decomposers.

Question (ii)
What are two adaptations of fish ?
Answer:
Two adaptations of fish are :

  1. They have streamlined body to reduce resistance due to water.
  2. Fins in fish and flippers in whales help them in swimming.

Question (iii)
Which animal is called ‘ship of desert’ ? Write its two features.
Answer:
Camel is known as ‘ship of desert’.

Question (iv)
What is Hibernation ? Give one example.
Answer:
The long winter sleep of animals for survival is called Hibernation.
For example : Frogs, Lizards.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write short notes on :
(1) Producers
(2) Consumers
(3) Decomposers.
Answer:
(1) Producers. Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers. For example, green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.

(2) Consumers. Organisms that cannot prepare their own food but consume food pepared by green plants are consumers. They also obtain their food by eating other living or dead animals.

Types of Consumers :
(a) Primary Consumers or Herbivores. Animals that get their food directly from plants are Herbivores, e.g. cow, dear, goat etc.
(b) Secondary Consumers or Carnivores. They eat primary consumers, e.g. snakes, frog, lizard.
(c) Tertiary Consumers. They eat secondary consumers, e.g. lion, tiger, leopards etc.

(3) Decomposers. The microorganisms which fed on the dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are caled Decomposers, e.g. Bacteria and fungi.

Question (ii)
Briefly describe the various types of habitats.
Answer:
Types of Habitat. There are three main kinds of habitat :
(1) Terrestrial
(2) Aquatic and
(3) Aerial or Arboreal Habitat.

(1) Terrestrial habitat. The organisms that live on land are called Terrestrial organisms and their habitat is terrestrial habitat. Examples of terrestrial habitats are desert, grasslands, mountain.

(2) Aquatic (water) habitat. Organisms that live in lakes, ponds, rivers and oceans are aquatic organisms and their habitats are aquatic habitat. Examples of aquatic habitats are Oceans, seas, certain lakes etc.

(3) Aerial or Arboreal habitat. Organisms that live in air are called aerial or arboreal animals and their habitats are called aerial or arboreal habitats. Most birds and winged animals are arboreal in habit. Organisms are adapted for aerial existence as no organism is bom in air.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question (iii)
Distinguish between living and non-living things.
Answer:

Living things Non-living things
(1) Living things grow. (1) They do not grow.
(2) They show movement. (2) They never move.
(3) They can reproduce. (3) They cannot reproduce.
(4) Living things can respire. (4) They do not respire.
(5) Living beings need food. (5) They don’t feed.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Pick out living among following :
(a) Plough
(b) Mushroom
(c) Water
(d) Wool.
Answer:
(b) Mushroom

Question 2.
The process by which waste materials of a body are thrown out, is:
(a) Digestion
(b) Excretion
(c) Reproduction
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Excretion

Question 3.
Gills are breathing organs of :
(a) Fishes
(b) Frog
(c) Flies
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Fishes

Question 4.
Pups of a dog grows into adult. This characteristic of living organisms is
(a) Reproduction
(b) Growth
(c) Respiration
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Growth

Question 5.
Basic unit of life is:
(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Cell
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Cell

Question 6.
Average life span of Bacteria is :
(a) Two days
(b) 20 minutes
(c) 10 seconds
(d) 20 seconds
Answer:
(b) 20 minutes

Question 7.
Which of the following is a Decomposer ?
(a) Lion
(b) Deer
(c) Monkey
(d) Bacterium.
Answer:
(d) Bacterium.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 8.
Plants live on desert area are:
(a) Hydrophytes
(b) Xerophytes
(c) Aquatic
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Xerophytes

Question 9.
Which of the following has webbed feet for swimming ?
(a) Fishes
(b) Whales
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Duck.
Answer:
(d) Duck.

Question 10.
Forelimbs are modified in :
(a) Animals
(b) Plants
(c) Birds
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Birds

Fill in the Blanks :

(a) In every habitat, there are many ……………… of various kinds.
Answer:
organisms

(b) Bones are …………… in aerial organisms.
Answer:
hollow

(c) Winter sleep by animals are called ……………….
Answer:
Hibernation

(d) The plants live in water are ………………..
Answer:
Hydrophytes

(e) In cactus plants, leaves are reduced to ……………….
Answer:
spines

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(f) Lion and …………… are animals of ………………..
Answer:
deer, grasslands

(g) Steamlined body is present in …………………
Answer:
fishes

(h) Frogs have ……………….. feet to swim in water.
Answer:
webbed

(i) The ability of animals to adapt themselves according to the environment is called ………………
Answer:
Adaptation

(j) …………….. feed on dead animals.
Answer:
Scavangers

True/False:

(a) There is lot of water available in deserts.
Answer:
False

(b) All animals cannot adapt themselves to their surroundings.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(c) Sunlight and heat form biotic components of a habitat.
Answer:
False

(d) Desert plants have deep roots for absorbing water.
Answer:
True

(e) Snow leopard has no fur to cover its body.
Answer:
False

(f) All living organisms excrete.
Answer:
True

(g) Aquatic plants are found on the land.
Answer:
False

(h) Frogs have strong back legs for jumping.
Answer:
True

(i) Car, scooter, bus etc. are moving but are non-living.
Answer:
True

(j) All living things have same characteristics.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Match the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Hydrilla Webbed feet
(2) Cactus Streamlined body
(3) Ducks Modified leaves into spines
(4) Whales Hydrophytic plant

Answer:
(1) Hydrilla – Hydrophytic plant
(2) Cactus – Modified leaves into spines
(3) Ducks – Webbed feet
(4) Whales – Streamlined body.

(b)

Column A Column B
(1) Camel Cold habitat
(2) Lion Aerial Habitat
(3) Bat Desert animal
(4) Penguine Aquatic animal
(5) Fish Terrestrial animal

Answer:
(1) Camel – Desert animal
(2) Lion – Terrestrial animal
(3) Bat – Aerial Habitat
(4) Penguine – Cold habitat
(5) Fish – Aquatic animal.

(c)

Column A Column B
(1) Vultures Consumers/carnivores
(2) Fungi Producers
(3) Green plants Decomposers
(4) Lion Scavengers

Answer:
(1) Vultures – Scavengers
(2) Fungi – Decomposers
(3) Green plants – Producers
(4) Lion – Consumers/camivores.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the trees found on mountains.
Answer:
Oaks, pines, deodars.

Question 2.
Give example of unicellular organisms.
Answer:
Amoeba.

Question 3.
Why do living beings need food ?
Answer:
They need food to cany out their daily activities.

Question 4.
Define stimuls.
Answer:
Living things respond to immediate and long term changes in their environment called stimulus.

Question 5.
What do you mean by life span ?
Answer:
The duration if life for which living organisms live.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 6.
What is life span of a housefly ?
Answer:
1 – 4 years.

Question 7.
Can plants reproduce ?
Answer:
Yes, they reproduce with the help of seeds.

Question 8.
Define respiration.
Answer:
Process of taking oxygen in, combining with food and throwing out carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Question 9.
How do plants take carbon dioxide ?
Answer:
Through stomata.

Question 10.
In what forms our body excrete ?
Answer:
Our body exretes in the form of urine, faeces, sweat and exhaled air.

Question 11.
Why do organisms move ?
Answer:
They move to protect themselves from their enemies and natural calamities.

Question 12.
Where cactus plants grow ?
Answer:
Cactus grows in hot and dry areas of deserts.

Question 13.
Name some tertiary consumers.
Answer:
Lion, tiger, leopards.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 14.
How sunlight is helpful ?
Answer:
Plants make their food with the help of sunlight.

Question 15.
How water is essential ?
Answer:
Water is essential for life as the bodies of plants and animals contain large amounts of water.

Question 16.
How cactus is adapted in xerophytic conditions ?
Answer:
Cactus have very long roots, small leaves or spines and wax coated stem to conserve water.

Question 17.
Who is “ship of desert” ?
Answer:
Camel.

Question 18.
What is the function of Humb in camels ?
Answer:
It stores fat as reserve food.

Question 19.
What is the role of air bladder in Ducks ?
Answer:
They help ducks to float on water.

Question 20.
Name the animals who Hibernate.
Answer:
Frogs, Lizards, Bears.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is function of scales on the body of fish ?
Answer:
Functions of scales. The scales present on the body of fish are slippery in nature. They protect the fish and help for easy movement in water.

Question 2.
Why do camels have long legs ?
Answer:
Camels have long legs to keep its body away from the intense heat during hot days.

Question 3.
How are animals adapted to live in mountain regions ?
Answer:
Adaptations of animals for living in mountain regions.

  1. Thick skin or fur to protect from cold e.g. yak.
  2. Strong hooves (goat) for running up rocky slopes.

Question 4.
Name the sea animals which do not have gills. How do they respire ?
Answer:
Dolphins and Whales do not have gills. They respire through nostrils or blowholes, which are present on the upper parts of their heads. They swim near to the surface and breathe in fresh air. They can stay inside the water for a long time without breathing.

Question 5.
Define respiration, growth, and excretion.
Answer:
Respiration. The process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbondioxide is called respiration.
Growth. The process of changing from a child to a-grown up is called growth. A seed grows into a plant.

Excretion. The process of throwing out waste materials from the body is known as excretion.

Question 6.
Show with an example that living things respond to stimuli.
Answer:
Living things respond to stimuli. When we move from a dark room into bright sunlight, our eyes shut themselves automatically for a moment to adjust themselves to the changed conditions. Similarly, when light is switched on in a dark room, cockroaches run to move in dark comers. Some plants also respond to light and touch (e.g. Touch-me not).

Question 7.
What are adaptations of camel ?
Answer:

  1. Camel has no sweat glands in order to reduce water loss.
  2. Hump is present to reserve food in the form of fat.
  3. They have thick skin to bear heat of desert.
  4. Their toes are bread and pedded that are suitable for walking on hot and loose sand.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 8.
Write the adaptations of hydrophyts.
Answer:

  1. They have poorly developed roots.
  2. Their stems are flexible
  3. Leaves are wax coated.

Question 9.
What do you mean by terrestrial and aquatic habitat ?
Answer:
Terrestrial habitat. This includes habitat of all the organisms which live and propagate on land. Example; Cow, camel, horse, dog are terrestrial organisms and forest is their terrestrial habitat.

Aquatic habitat. The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat. Examples : fishes, crocodile, snake etc. are aquatic organisms and water is their aquatic habitat.

Question 10.
What are biotic and abiotic components ?
Answer:
All living organisms like plants, animals and human beings include biotic components. All non-living parts such as light, water, soil and air are abiotic components.

Question 11.
What are the characteristics of xerophytes ?
Answer:
Characteristics of Xerophytes.

  1. These plants have extensive long root system.
  2. The stem of plants become thick and store water. Example, Opuntia.
  3. Leaves are modified into spines as in cactus.
  4. Leaves are coated with cuticle to check the loss of water.

Question 12.
Write physical conditions of Terrestrial habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of terrestrial habitat,

  1. Oxygen supply is uniform, sufficient and easily available.
  2. Temperature varies from place to place and season to season.
  3. Light is available in sufficient quantity and for sufficient duration.
  4. In certain region organisms have to adapt to avoid dehydration.

Question 13.
Write physical conditions of aquatic habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of aquatic habitat,

  1. Except in deep ocean, uniform supply of light, temperature, oxygen is available.
  2. Light and temperature vary in deep oceans at different depths.
  3. Pressure also varies in deep oceans at different depths.

Question 14.
Write the main characteristics of living and nor living things.
Answer:
We have many things around us which are two types i.e. living and non-living.
Living things. In living things life processes take place, so they need food. They grow upto a certain age. They respire and respond to external stimuli. They have ability to produce their young ones. They die after a certain age.

Non-living things. In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food. They do not grow and do not respond to external stimuli. They do not excrete. There is no death in the case of non-living things.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 15.
What are hydrophytes ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 1
Hydrophytes. These are the plants which grow in watery places or the places which remain wet throughout the year. Examples : Hydrilla, Pista,
Lotus, Vallsneria.

Question 16.
What are the differences between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat ?
Answer:
Difference between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat:

Aquatic habitat Terrestrial habitat
(1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate in water. (1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate on land.
(2) Water absorbs and loses heat gradually therefore, sudden fluctuation in temperature is not found in aquatic habitat. (2) The terrestrial habitat have rapid fluctuation in the climate, temperature, moisture, i.e. it is not uniform everywhere.

Question 17.
What are unicellular of multicellular organisms ?
Answer:
Organisms made up of only one cell are Unicellular organisms, e.g. : Amoeba, Paramoecium. Organisms made up of large number of cells are called multicellular organisms, e.g. Humans, cat, dog etc.

Question 18.
What do you mean by excretion ? Write different modes of excretion in animals.
Answer:
Excretion.
The process of getting rid of waste or removal of waste materials from body is called excretion.

Mode of Excretion.
Larger animals even the human beings remove these wastes in the form of fluids like urine and faecal matter. The removal of waste is necessary since these may be poisonous and harmful to the organism.

Smaller organisms like bacteria, amoeba (one celled animals) remove their waste through body surfaces.

Question 19.
Differentiate living and non-livings on the basis of Growth and Respiration.
Answer:
Living organisms can grow as well as respire but non-living cannot.

Question 20.
What are the saline water habitats and fresh water habitats include ?
Answer:
Fresh water habitat. Rivers, ponds, lakes.
Saline water habitat. Oceans, seas, certain lakes.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the term ‘Adaptation’ ?
Answer:
Adaptation.
The development of characteristics which help an organism to sun’ive in a particular environment is known as adaptation.
Adaptation commonly involves a combination of characteristics, shape, size, structure, colour and mode of life. For example, a fish shows many adaptations for aquatic life. It has a streamlined body provided with fins which enables it to swim in water, presence of gills for breathing.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 2.
How biotic and abiotic components of a habitat are interacted ? Draw its chart also.
Answer:
Interaction of biotic and abiotic environment.
All biotic components such as plants, animals and micro-organisms are influenced by abiotic components such as water, light, air, oxygen and temperature in different ways. Green plants prepare their own food and all the animals depend upon plants for the food. Some animals feed on other animals. Plants also provide shelter to the animals thus all the organisms are related through food chain.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
After death and decay of the plants and animals, they are decomposed into simple minerals into soil. These minerals are again used by plants through the roots. Thus they are interrelated and share common surroundings.

Thus we see that all the plants and animals and the abiotic components involving air. light, water are related and interdependent on each other in the habitat.

Question 3.
In what ways living things differ from non-living things ?
Answer:
Differences between living and non-living things :

Living things Non-living things
(1) Food is necessary for the life processes in living things. (1) In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food.
(2) Respiration is necessary for living things. (2) There is no respiration in non-living things.
(3) Living things grow upto a certain age. (3) These do not grow on their own.
(4) Living things respond to external stimuli. (4) Non-living things do not respond to external stimuli.
(5) Living things excrete waste product from their body. (5) Non-living things do not excrete.
(6) Living things produce their young ones. (6) There is no procreation in non-living things.
(7) The body structure of living things is cellular. (7) Non-living things do not have cellular body.

Question 4.
How is camel adapted for xeric adaptation / deserts ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
The camel is superbly adapted for xeric conditions that is why it is rightly called the ‘ship of the desert’. The following adaptations are found in camel :

  • It uses its entire foot while walking and its hooves are covered by a large sole which helps it to move on hot, slippery sand.
  • It has a hump on the back which is filled with fat. This stores food that is utilized during the time when the camel does not get anything to eat.
  • It can drink as much as 50 litres of water in one gulp when water is available to it.
  • It excretes very little water from its body.
  • It passes nearly dry dung.
  • It does not perspire.

Question 5.
What are the abiotic components? Explain.
Answer:
The non-living components like rocks, roil, air, water, sunlight, temperature are abiotic components

  • Air. Both plants and animals require air to live. Animals take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide while plants give out oxygen and take carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis also takes place in the air.
  • Soil. It contains water, air, and living organisms. It provides nutrients to plants.
  • Sunlight. Plants perform photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. Humans require sunlight for vitamin D. So, All organisms depend on sunlight directly and indirectly.
  • Water. Water is essential for life as it is present in large amounts in plants and animals.
  • Temperature. All living organisms can receive only within a specific range of temperature

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you understand by Mahajanapada?
Answer:
By about 600 B.C., a part of the Ganga plain had been cleared of forests and people had settled down in different tracts. These territories were called Janapadas and named after the ruling clan in each area. The more powerful Janapadas among these were known as Mahajanapadas.

Question 2.
Write about any four important Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti were four important Mahajanapadas.

  • Magadha: Magadha was the most powerful Mahajanapada. It included Gaya and Patna areas of Bihar. Its capital city was Rajagriha.
  • Kosala: Kosala was another powerful Mahajanapada and its capital city was Ayodhya or Sketa.
  • Vatsa: The capital city of Vatsa was Kausambi.
  • Avanti: The capital city of Avanti Mahajanapada was Ujjain.

Question 3.
Write about the rise of Magadha under the Haryanjca dynasty.
Answer:
In the beginning, Magadha has comprised only the areas of Patna and Gaya in Bihar, but later on it saw a great rise under the rule of the Haryanka kings, namely Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.
1. Bimbisara: Bimbisara became the king of Magadha in about 543 B.C. He made his kingdom more powerful in many ways. He occupied the Ganga. He conquered the Artga State in the southeast and occupied the major port of the Gmga, namely Champa. His capital city was Rajagriha near Nalanda.

2. Ajatasatru: Ajatasatru was a son of Bimbisara. He murdered his father in 492 B,C. and became the ruler of Magadha. He invaded his neighbouring states and expanded his kingdom. He defeated Kashi, Kosala and Vaisali and made Magadha the most powerful kingdom of North India. He made Patliputra(Patna) his new capital.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
What do you know about caste system during this period?
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., the caste system and four stages of life were two most important features of society.
1. Caste System: The caste system was rigid. Society was mainly divided into four castes. These castes were Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the lower castes. Brahmanas were given great respect in society, whereas low castes’ condition was very bad and they were ill-treated. The caste system was based on birth.

Besides the above four castes, there were several sub-castes based on professions. These sub-castes included carpenters, ironsmiths, goldsmiths, chariot-makers, potters and oil-pressers, etc.

Question 5.
Write a note about the punch-marked coins.
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., copper and silver coins were used for transactions: These coins were mostly irregular pieces of metal in shape but of fixed weight. They were punched with various symbols. Such coins were known as the punch-marked coins.

Question 6.
What do you know about Jainism?
Answer:
Jainism came into existence in 600 B.C. There were twenty-four teachers of this religion, who were known as Tirthankaras. Adriana (Rishabhdeva) was the first and Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 1
Vardhamana Mahavira

Teachings: Teachings of Jainism are as follows :

  • Ahimsa: Ahimsa is the main teaching of Jainism. Man should not hurt anybody. There is soul in even the smallest particle. So every effort should be made not to kill it.
  • Truth: Man should speak the truth. Truth purifies the soul. We should not speak ill of anybody.
  • Non-Stealing: Stealing is a sin. To take a thing or wealth without permission is stealing. It hurts others.
  • Non-Possession: We should not accumulate property. It causes attachment in life and ties man in worldly affairs.
  • Chastity: Man should follow chastity.
  • Hard Penance: Moksha can be achieved by hard penance, that frees the man from the cycle of birth and death.
  • Three Jewels: Three Jewels (Tri-ratna) is a way of achieving Moksha. These three jewels are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct.

Sects of Jainism: Shwetambara and Digambara are the two sects of Jainism.

  • Shwetambara: The followers of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha are called Shwetambaras. Shwetambaras wear white clothes.
  • Digambara: The followers of the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism are known as Digambaras. These saints wear no clothes.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Which are the main teachings of Buddhism?
Answer:
The main teachings of Buddhism are as follows :
1. Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are :
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 2

  • The world is full of sorrow.
  • The cause of sorrow is desire.
  • We can conquer sorrow by conquering desire.
  • Desire can be conquered by following the Eight Fold Path.

2. The Eightfold Path, Mahatma Buddha has suggested the Eightfold Path for freeing oneself from sorrow and achieving Nirvana. The eight principles of the Eightfold Path are

  • Right Belief,
  • Right Thought,
  • Right Speech,
  • Right Action,
  • Right Means of Livelihood,
  • Right Effort,
  • Right Recollection,
  • Right Meditation.

3. The Middle Path: Mahatma Buddha also taught the Middle Path. It means that one should not torture oneself by severe austerities, nor should one indulge in luxuries of life.

4. Moral Teachings: Moral teachings of Buddhism included non-violence, speaking the truth, non-use of intoxicants, not to accept or keep money, not to eat at odd hours, not coveting others’ property, etc.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Bimbisara ruled from __________ to B.C.
Answer:
543, 492.

Question 2.
Ministers were known as __________
Answer:
Amatyas

Question 3.
Agriculture and cattle rearing were the ____________ occupations.
Answer:
peasants

Question 4.
There have been _____________ Tirthankaras in Jainism.
Answer:
24

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Gautama Buddha’s real name was __________
Answer:
Siddhartha

Question 6.
Lord Mahavir Ji spent Grihastha life till __________ years.
Answer:
30.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(1) Magadha (a) Republic
(2) Ajatasatru (b) Mahajanapada
(3) Vajji (c) Guild
(4) Shreni (d)King
(5) Parsvanatha (e) Ashtangika Marg
(6) Buddha (f) Tirthankara

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(1) Magadha (b) Mahajanapada
(2) Ajatasatru (d)King
(3) Vajji (a) Republic
(4) Shreni (c) Guild
(5) Parsvanatha (f) Tirthankara
(6) Buddha (e) Ashtangika Marg

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in a statement :

Question 1.
Sixteen Mahajanapadas are mentioned in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Bimbisara ruled from 543 to 492 AD.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 3.
The ministers were known as Chera.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Normal agriculture tax was IA of produce
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Sarthavaha was the leader of merchants.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Gautama Buddha was son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Jains believe that they had 24 Tirthankars.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Gautama Budhha was not the son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Locate the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Indus on the map of India.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Find books on the lives of the Buddha and Mahavira in your school library and read them. Note down the anecdotes in their lives which interest you.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Thirst or desire to get something is known as
(A) Tanha
(B) Prakrit
(C) Atman
(D) Vihara.
Answer:
(A) Tanha.

Question 2.
__________ are the Hindu religious books which literally means “approaching and sitting near.”
(A) Veda
(B) Upanishad
(C) Manu Smriti
(D) Epics.
Answer:
(B) Upanishad.

Question 3.
Followers of Vardhaman Mahavira are known as
(A) Jaina
(B) Buddha
(C) Mahavira
(D) Bhikkshu.
Answer:
(A) Jaina.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Followers of who beg food for themselves were known as Bhikkshu.
(A) Buddha
(B) Vishnu
(C) Mahavira
(D) Shiva.
Answer:
(A) Buddha.

Question 5.
__________ is a stage of life.
(A) Jati
(B) Varna
(C) Ashrama
(D) Purushartha.
Answer:
(C) Ashrama.

Question 6.
__________ was the founder of Buddhism.
(A) Mahavira
(B) Gautama Buddha
(C) Guru Nanak Dev
(D) Kabir.
Answer:
(B) Gautama Buddha.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Where did the Buddha die?
(A) Pataliputra
(B) Kaushambhi
(C) Magadha
(D) Kusinara.
Answer:
(D) Kusinara.

Question 8.
In __________ language the Buddha taught to the ordinary people?
(A) Hindi
(B) Gurmukhi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(C) Prakrit.

Question 9.
__________ language was used to compose the Vedas.
(A) Vedic Sanskrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(A) Vedic Sanskrit.

Question 10.
Which of these, was a famous woman upanishadic thinker?
(A) Sita
(B) Gargi
(C) Draupadi
(D) Kunti.
Answer:
(B) Gargi.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two famous republics.
Answer:
The Shakyas and the Lichchhvis were two famous republics.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Mention the names of two of the earliest kings of Magadha.
Answer:
Bimbisara and Ajatasatru were the two earliest kings of Magadha.

Question 3.
Name two dynasties which ruled over Magadha after the Haryanka dynasty.
Answer:
Shishunaga and Nanda dynasties.

Question 4.
Who was Mahapadma Nanda?
Answer:
Mahapadma Nanda was the most important ruler of the Nanda dynasty.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Which new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
Several new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. The important amongst these were Varanasi, Rajagriha, Shravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Patliputra.

Question 6.
Who were known as Amatyas?
Answer:
Ministers were known as Amatyas.

Question 7.
What was the most important source of income of early kingdoms and republics?
Answer:
Taxes.

Question 8.
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha.

Question 9.
In which Mahajanapada did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preach?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preached in Magadha.

Question 10.
What was the position of king in India from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
The king held the supreme position. He was regarded as the protector of society and religion.

Question 11.
What message did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha give to people?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha taught the people to lead a good life and not to do wrong.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 12.
Who were Sarthvahas?
Answer:
Merchants from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. were known as Sarthvahas.

Question 13.
What is meant by Jina?
Answer:
Jina means conqueror.

Question 14.
Where was Vardhamana Mahavira born?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar.

Question 15.
What was the real name of Mahatma Buddha? Where was he born?
Answer:
The real name of Mahatma Buddha was Siddhartha. He was born at Lumbini in Nepal.

Question 16.
Who was the last Nanda King?
Answer:
Dhan Nanda was the last Nanda King.

Question 17.
Name some of the officials of kings of Mahajan- apadas.
Answer:
Amatyas or Mantries, Purohita, Senapati, Sangrahatri, Cher a and Gramini were some of. the important officials of kings of Mahajanapadas.

Question 18.
What was Ashrama?
Answer:
Whole of the life span was divided into four stages which were known as Ashramas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 19.
Name all four Ashramas.
Answer:
Brahmacharya Ashrama, Grihastha Ashrama, Vanaprastha Ashrama and Sanyasa Ashrama.

Question 20.
What were punch-marked coins?
Answer:
Coins in this age were punched with different symbols and these were known as punch-marked coins.

Question 21.
Which was the supreme body of monks in Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha founded the supreme body of monks which was known as the Buddhist Samgha.

Question 22.
What are Tripitaka?
Answer:
All the teachings of the Buddha are compiled in three major works which are known as Tripitaka.

Question 23.
What was Mahayana?
Answer:
Mahayana was one part of Buddhism which means the great vehicle and its followers believed in the idol worship of the Buddha as a god.

Question 24.
What was Hinayana?
Answer:
It was another part of Buddhism whose followers followed the original teachings of the Buddha and considered the Buddha as a great teacher.

Question 25.
What do you mean by Janapadas?
Answer:
Republics or monarchical states established in Northern India around 600 B.C.were known as Janapadas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 26.
What were Mahajanapadas?
Answer:
Mahajanapadas were the more powerful Janapadas. They were sixteen in number around 600 B.C.. Vatsa, Magadha, Kosala etc. were some of them.

Question 27.
What is meant by Shreni?
Answer:
Persons with some profession organized themselves into guilds or unions. These guilds or unions were known as Shrenis.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the period between 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. known as the period of the second urbanization?
Answer:
Several big cities came into existence during the period between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. These cities were called puras, nagaras or mahanagaras. Varanasi, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, Rajagriha, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini and Patliputra were some of the big cities. Because of the emergence of big cities, this period is known as the period of the second urbanisation. The first period of urbanisation was that of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Question 2.
How did the position of a king grow in a kingdom? What sort of life did he lead?
Answer:
The Brahmanas made the position of the king very strong. They preached that the king was not an ordinary man. He was like a god among men. The Brahmanas also performed certain ceremonies to endow-the king with god-like virtues and powers. The king lived a splendid life. He lived in a big palace, married many wives and spent his days in comfort and luxury.

Question 3.
Write a note on the administration between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
The king was very powerful. He ruled the state with the help of Purohita, Amatyas (ministers), Senapati, Sangrahatri, Chera and Gramini. He had many other officers to carry out the works of the state. To carry out the expenses of the state, the king collected taxes. Some amount was spent on the welfare of the people and some amount was given to the Brahmanas to look after the temples. With this income, the king could pay his soldiers and other state officers.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Give a brief account of the life of Vardhamana Mahavira.
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundanpur near Vaishali in Bihar in 600 B.C. He was the son of a chief called Siddhartha and his mother was Trishala Rani. He was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He left his home and wandered about for many years, trying to find the answers to the questions of life which troubled him. After twelve years six months and fifteen days, he attained the truth. He spent the rest of his life in spreading Jainism. He told his followers that their deeds should be based on Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Action. He died at the age of 72.

Question 5.
Throw some light on the life of Mahatma Buddha.
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha was bom at Lumbini in Nepalese Tarai. His father’s name was Shuddodhana and his mother was Mayadevi. His real name was Siddhartha and he belonged to a royal family. He was married to Princess Yasodhara and had a son, Rahul. He left home after he had seen a sick man, an old man, and a dead man. He thought that this world is full of sorrow and misery. He wandered in search of salvation and finally found enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. He founded Buddhism and preached his religion for forty years. He died at the age of 80.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the economic life of India between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
Between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. in India, the main occupations of people were agriculture and cattle-rearing. Peasants were normally the owners of the land. But there were also landless labourers who worked on others’ land for a living. Several types of crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sugarcane, sesame, mustard, pulses, vegetables, and fruits were grown.

Other professions included industrial crafts and trade. Woodwork, pottery, leather tanning, shipbuilding, weaving, garland-making, iron-smithery, jewellery, ivory-work, and several other professions were adopted by people. Some people earned their livelihood by fishing, hunting, dancing, acting, snake-charming, etc. Persons following the same profession organized themselves into unions or guilds, called Shrines. Each guild had its own president or head.

Trade was carried on both within the country and with foreign lands. There were roads across the country, some of which connected with foreign lands or seaports. Goods were also carried through ships and boats in oceans and rivers. Merchants known as Sarthavaha carried goods from one place to the other and moved in caravans. Indian goods were in great demand in foreign countries. Copper and silver coins were used for transactions.

People had to pay taxes to the king. Normally 1/6th of agricultural produce was charged as tax from peasants. Taxes on industrial goods and trade were charged according to the value of the goods.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Vedic Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Write five sentences about the political life of the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
There were several tribal states in the early Vedic Age. These states often fought with each other. Each state had its own king who was generally selected for his strength and bravery. But later on, the kingship became hereditary. The king ruled according to the wishes of the tribe and he had various persons to assist him. The king’s duty was to protect the tribe. There were two important assemblies, namely Sabha and Samiti, with which the king discussed very important matters.

Question 2.
Which gods were worshipped by the Vedic people?
Answer:
The Vedic people worshipped gods of nature. Their main gods were Indra, Agni, Varuna, Soma, Prithvi, Surya, Pushan, Vishnu and Ashvins.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 3.
What do you know about the social life of the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The important points in the social life of the Vedic Age were as follows :
1. Varna System: The society was divided into four varnas. These varnas were Brahamanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and fourth Varna. The varnas were based on occupation.

  • Brahmanas: The Brahamanas formed the intellectual class. They were devoted to study, teaching and religious affairs.
  • Kshatriyas: The Kshatriyas were the warrior class.
  • Vaisyas: Peasants and traders were included in the Vaishyas.
  • Slave class: Fourth Varna belonged to the slave class.

2. Family: Family consisted of father, mother, sisters and brothers. Joint family system was prevalent. Father headed the family. Each family wanted to have a son.

3. Position of Women: Women were given a great respect in society. They were educated and had the right to marry by their own choice. They participated in all social and religious ceremonies.

4. Food: The food of the Vedic people was simple but nourishing. Wheat, rice, pulses, fruit, vegetables, milk, butter and ghee were their main food items. Some people consumed non-vegetarian food also. They also consumed intoxicating items like Soma.

5. Dress and Ornaments: People wore turban, banian, shirt, dhoti, etc. Both men and women were fond of ornaments.

6. Means of Recreation: Hunting, chariot-races, horse-riding, dancing and singing, -gambling, etc. were the major means of recreation of people of the Vedic Age.

Question 4.
What were the economic activities of the Vedic people?
Answer:
Agriculture, cattle-rearing, workmanship and trade were the major economic activities of the Vedic people :
1. Agriculture: The Vedic people grew wheat, barley, cotton, rice, pulses, vegetables, etc. Fields were ploughed with the help of oxen.

2. Cattle-rearing: The Vedic people reared cow, horse, sheep, goat, ox, etc. Cow was held sacred and cow-slaughter was prohibited.

3. Workmanship: Iron-smiths, carpenters, chariot-makers, weavers, potters, etc. were the major workmen of the Vedic Age. People depended on them for their daily needs.

4. Trade: Trade was carried on both by land routes and by boats and ships in rivers and seas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 5.
Which rivers flowed in the land of Saptasindhu?
Answer:
Saptasindhu stands for the land of seven rivers. Punjab was known as the land of Saptasindhu in the Vedic Age. The rivers forming this land included the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Sarasvati.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There were several small ________ in the early Vedic period.
Answer:
tribal states

Question 2.
The society was divided into four divisions, called the ________
Answer:
varnas

Question 3.
The main food items of the Vedic people were ________
Answer:
wheat and rice, pulses

Question 4.
The Vedic people were fond of ________
Answer:
outdoor games

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 5.
The Vedic people worshipped ________
Answer:
nature.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Vipasa (a) Political body
(ii) Sabha (b) Branch of Science
(iii) Ayurveda (c) A god
(iv) Varuna (d) A river

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(i) Vipasa (d) A river
(ii) Sabha (a) Political body
(iii) Ayurveda (b) Branch of Science
(iv) Varuna (c) A god

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parushni is the name of a river.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Indra was the Vedic God of rain.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cow was not sacred to Vedic people.
Answer:
False.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 4.
Women were not respected in Vedic Age.
Answer:
False.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods that are worshipped even today.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Collect a few hymns from the Vedas.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Vedic Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is the oldest Hindu religious book?
(A) Vedas
(B) Ramayana
(C) Mahabharata
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(A) Vedas.

Question 2.
How many Vedas are there?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answer:
(C) Four.

Question 3.
Which of these is the oldest Veda?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Yajurveda
(C) Atharvaveda
(D) Samveda.
Answer:
(A) Rigveda.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 4.
________were yoked to chariots.
(A) Bulls
(B) Horses
(C) Dogs
(D) Cows.
Answer:
(B) Horses.

Question 5.
Beginning of the composition of the vedas dated back to around years ago.
(A) 3500
(B) 1500
(C) 2500
(D) 500.
Answer:
(A) 3500.

Question 6.
________ were used for all types of work.
(A) Women
(B) Slaves
(C) Men
(D) Children.
Answer:
(B) Slaves.

Question 7.
Megaliths were found in
(A) South India
(B) North-East India
(C) Kashmir
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
What was included in the offerings made’ in Yajnas.
(A) Ghee
(B) Grain
(C) Animals
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 9.
Why were battles fought?
(A) to capture cattles, land
(B) on the issue of water
(C) to capture people to make them slaves
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 10.
Who was Charaka?
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician
(B) Ancient King
(C) Famous ancient Indian mathematician
(D) Famous astrologer.
Answer:
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you come to know about the Vedic Civilization? .
Answer:
We come to know about the Vedic Civilization from the hymns and the poems and the stories which were composed during the Vedic Age.

Question 2.
Why is the Aryan period known as the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The Aryan period is known as the Vedic Age because the four Vedas were composed in this period.

Question 3.
What was the language of the Aryans?
Answer:
The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit.

Question 4.
Name the river on the banks of which the Vedas were written.
Answer:
The Sarasvati.

Question 5.
What did the Aryans do to please their gods?
Answer:
To please their gods, the Aryans performed yajnas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 6.
In which part of India did the Aryans settle first?
Answer:
The Aryans at first settled in Punjab.

Question 7.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today.
Answer:
The Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today are Indra, Agni, Surya, etc.

Question 8.
Name the smallest unit of the Aryan society.
Answer:
Family.

Question 9.
Who was Senani?
Answer:
Senani was the commander of the warriors who assisted the king during a war.

Question 10.
What is Ashwamedha?
Answer:
Ashwamedha was a yajna performed by releasing a horse and claiming the land wherever it roamed.

Question 11.
Name the officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
The officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age were Purohita, Senani, Gramini and others.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 12.
What was Sabha?
Answer:
Sabha was a smaller assembly of selected people of the village.

Question 13.
What was Samiti?
Answer:
Samiti was the assembly of whole village community. In this assembly anyone could speak his mind about any problem.

Question 14.
What are Upanishads?
Answer:
Upanishads are parts of the Vedas.

Question 15.
Name all four Vedas. Which of these is the oldest?
Answer:
The Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and the Atharvaveda are the four Vedas. The Rigveda is the oldest Veda out of all four Vedas.

Question 16.
What is meant by Arya?
Answer:
The meaning of Arya is ‘noble’. It means an educated and well mannered person.

Question 17.
Who were Rajan and Samrat?
Answer:
Head of the State was king and was generally succeeded by his son. He was known as Rajan and the more powerful kings were known as Samrat.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 18.
What was Soma and Sura?
Answer:
People consumed a drink on special occasions which v is known as Soma. But few people also consumed alcoholic liquor which was known as Sura.

Question 19.
Why was consumption of Sura condemned?
Answer:
Sura was a alcoholic liquor whose consumption was considered as bad. That’s why its consumption was condemned.

Question 20.
What do you mean by the Epics?
Answer:
The Epics are the poems narrating continuously great events of one or more heroes, about their bravery and the battle which they fought.

Question 21.
Who were the Aryans?
Answer:
The people of the Vedic Civilization are known as the Aryans. They came to India from Central Asia or North-Eastern Iran.

Question 22.
What is meant by Vish and Jana?
Answer:
The meaning of Vish was a clan which was a group of families. The people of the tribe were called Jana.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the religious beliefs and practice’s of the Vedic people?
Answer:
The religious beliefs and practices of the Vedic people were simple. They worshipped all forms of nature. They worshipped sun, moon, sky, rain, air, fire and trees like peepal and animals like cow. They did not make temples or statues of their gods and goddesses. They sang songs in their praise in the open. They performed yajnas to please their gods. Hymns were sung at the time of yajnas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 2.
Name the rivers the mention of which is found in the Rigveda.
Answer:
The mention of the rivers like the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj, Sarasvati, Yamuna and Ganga is found in the Rigveda. The Sarasvati was the most sacred river in the Vedic Age. The Punjab was known as Saptasindhu or the ‘Land of Seven Rivers’ after these rivers.

Question 3.
Describe the science and technology in the Vedic Civilization.
Answer:
Science and technology flourished during the Vedic Age. Mathematics and its branches like algebra, geometry and trigonometry were highly advanced. Astronomy and astrology were also well known. The Vedic people could calculate the movement of planets, occurrence of the eclipses of the sun and the moon and rotation of the earth on its axis and around the sun. The medical sciences were called Ayurveda and were fairly advanced.

Question 4.
Write few lines about ‘Rigveda’.
Answer:
The Rigveda is a collection of hymns in praise of nature god. It is the oldest book in the world. The Rigveda was not written by a single or one person but its hymns were written by a number of scholars, i.e. Rishis, over a long period of time and were included in it.

Question 5.
What is Vedic Literature?
Answer:
A number of books were written after the Vedas during a long period of time. Some of them explain the rituals mentioned in the Vedas, some of them are commentaries on the Vedas and few others are works of philosophy of religion. They are known as the Brahmans, Aranyakas, Upanishads and the Sutras. Together or collectively they are known as the Vedic Literature because they were composed during the long time of Vedic period.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the administrative set up of the Vedic Age.
Answer:
Society in the Vedic Age was divided into tribes and each tribe had settled in a particular region. Each tribe heeded a leader or head who would defend it from aggression by other tribes.

These tribes fought over grasslands where their animal herds would graze.

  1. King: King was the head of the tribal state. He ruled according to the wishes of the tribe. He was normally succeeded by his son. He was assisted by a number of persons.
  2. Senani: Senani was the commander-in-chief of the king’s army.
  3. Purohita: Purohita was the priest who performed the religious ceremonies for the king and advised him on various matters.
  4. Sabha and Samiti: Sabha and Samiti were the two most important assemblies where the king consulted the members of tribes to take a final decision.
  5. Gramini: Gramini was the head of the village. The king also consulted the Gramini.
  6. Messengers: There were messengers through whom the king made contact with his tribesmen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 7 Input Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Input Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………. is used to click photos on the computer.
(a) Headphone
(b) Web camera
(c) Speakers
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 2.
Bar code Reader consists of ……………
(a) Sensor
(b) Light
(c) Heat
(d) Magnetic.
Answer:
(a) Sensor

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 3.
………….. is a pointing device.
(a) Headphone
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Web Camera
Answer:
(c) Mouse

Question 4.
………….. is used to add text and picture in computer.
(a) Printer
(b) Scanner
(c) Speakers
(d) Mouse
Answer:
(b) Scanner

Question 5.
keys are used to. move cursor in all directions.
(a) Arrow
(b) Special
(c) Function
(d) Numeric.
Answer:
(a) Arrow.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which device is used to capture pictures on the computer?
Answer:
Web Camera.

Question 2.
Which part of Paint window is used to move screen?
Answer:
Window Border.

Question 3.
How many function keys are there on a keyboard?
Answer:
12.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 4.
Which device is used to control video games?
Answer:
Joy Stick.

Question 5.
Which keys are used to move cursor?
Answer:
Arrow Keys.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define input devices.
Answer:
Input devices are those devices which are used to enter data and instructions in the computer.

Question 2.
Write the name of any six input devices.
Answer:
The name of 6 input devices are :

  1. Keyboard
  2. Mouse
  3. Scanner
  4. Webcam
  5. Light Pen
  6. Joy Stick.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Joy Stick.
Answer:
Joy Stick is a pointing device which is used to give input to the computer. A Joy Stick consists of a base and a stick on it. This stick can be moved in all four directions. With the movement of the stick the mouse pointer moves on the computer screen. Joy Sticks are mainly used to play games on the computer.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two input devices.
Answer:
The two most commonly used input devices are :
1. Keyboard :
Keyboard is the main input device used in computers. This device is used to enter textual data to the computer. The keyboard is a flat device which has various keys on it. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, it is a special signal to the computer. There are many types of keys available on the keyboard. Also many types of keyboards are available in the market. The user can use the keyboard as per his convenience.

Types of Keys :
Keyboard has the following types of keys. These are :

  • Alphabetical Keys
  • Numeric Keys
  • Functional Key
  • Special Keys
  • Arrow Keys
  • Special Symbols Keys.

2. Mouse :
Mouse is an important input pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

3. Mouse Pad :
The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad. Mouse has following three buttons :

  • Left Button
  • Right Button
  • Scroll Button.

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code Reader.
Answer:
A Bar code reader (or Bar code scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed bar codes. Like a flat bed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different purposes. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of a scanner.

Question 3.
What is Mouse ? Explain the functions of Mouse Buttons.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input Pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

Mouse has following three buttons :

  • Left Button
  • Right Button
  • Scroll Button

(i) Left Button :
Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When the left button on the mouse is pressed then it is called a “click” operation. When this button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with a single click.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

(ii) Right Button :
When we press the right button, it is called right click. It is used to open a shortcut menu.

(iii) Scroll Button :
It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of the left and right button of the mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move the screen up and down.

Question 4.
What are pointing devices? Explain with Examples.
Answer:
Pointing devices are those devices which are used to point on screen for or providing instructions to the computer. These devices are used on graphical user interfaces only. Most of these devices control the pointer on the computer screen. These are used to click or select command from the computer screen. There are lot of pointing devices used these days.

Few of these pointing devices are :

  • Mouse
  • Joy Stick
  • Light Pen

Question 5.
Explain Special Keys and their functions.
Answer:
As the name suggests special keys are used for special purposes. Each special key is used to perform a specal function. Some special keys with their functions are mentioned as under :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Group Activity:

Take the students to computer lab in a group to Identify the Keyboard’s keys. Let’s count and write the no. of keys of given type on your keyboard in a list below :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 1
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 3

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Input Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………… devices gives input to computer.
(a) Input
(b) Output
(c) Process
(d) Control.
Answer:
(a) Input

Question 2.
………………… sends pictures to computer.
(a) Mouse
(b) Web camera
(c) Light Pen
(d) Monitor.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 3.
…………………….. its used to play video games.
(a) Mouse
(b) Screen
(c) Joy Stick
(d) Keyboard.
Answer:
(c) Joy Stick

Question 4.
……………. is used to enter text.
(a) Mouse
(b) Touch Screen
(c) Keyboard
(d) Light Pen.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many buttons does a common computer mouse has?
Answer:
Three.

Question 2.
What is Light Pen ?
Answer:
Light pen is an input device which is used to draw on screen.

Question 3.
What is Joy Stick ?
Answer:
Joy Stick is an input device used to control pointer on screen.

Question 4.
What is Touch Screen ?
Answer:
Touch screen is a display screen used to get input using fingers.

Question 5.
Name any 6 input devices.
Answer:
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Touch pad, Bar code reader, Light pen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 6.
What is Biometric ?
Answer:
Biometric is an input device which gets the input from human body.

Question 7.
What is electronic signature pad ?
Answer:
It is an input device which is used to get digital signature of user.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Input Devices ?
Answer:
An input device is a device which is used to enter data and instructions in the computer, It means input devices read data into a computer system. It allows users to interact with computers and control it.

Question 2.
What is Microphone?
Answer:
Microphone is an input device which is used to input voice or audio in the computer. It is a mic, which is connected to computer using some wire. It is also used to give voice commands to computer.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Web Camera?
Answer:
A web camera is just like a digital camera attached to a computer. It gives pictures and videos as input to the computer. Web Camera is used to click photographs. It works similar to a digital camera, but the web camera saves photos on the computer. Web camera is not an expensive device. We can use this device for video conferencing.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Scanner?
Answer:
Scanner is an input device. It is used to add text and pictures on the computer. It works like a Photostat Machine. Scanner scans a picture or document and gives it to the computer in the form of a digital signal. Scanners are available in many types and shapes in the market.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Keybaord and its Keys.
Answer:
This is main Input Device. A Keyboard is a device with set of keys that enables you to enter text data in to a computer. A keyboard has many buttons which are called keys. A keyboard is used for typing letters, words, numbers and special symbols. It is a standard input device. Number of Keys on a keyboard can be vary among different types of keyboards.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 4

Types of Keys : Keyboard has following types of Keys. These are
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 5
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 6

Alphabetical Keys (A to Z) : Alphabet keys are used to type characters. These keys are present in the middle of the keyboard. All the keys A to Z are called alphabet keys.

Numeric Keys (0 to 9): The numeric keys are used to type numbers. These keys are present below the functional keys. On the right side of keyboard a special pad is present. It contains 17 keys. This key pad is called numeric key pad.This pad is similar to calculator, because along with numbers it also has mathematical signs and enter key. On the left top of the pad, a key named num lock is also provided. The Key’s of this key pad works if num lock is on. The status indicated by the indicator on the keyboard.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Functional keys (F1 to F12): These are 12 keys. These are from F1 to F12. These are located at the top of the keyboard. The function of these keys can be different for different program. Eg. F1 key is generally used for help
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 7

Special Keys: Each special key is used to perform a special function. Some special key with their functions are mentioned as under
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Arrow Keys : These are used to move cursor. These are four in number. These can move up, down, left, right. Arrow Keys are used to
move the cursor in all directions.

Special Symbol Keys :
These are special symbols used in typing to represent some special meaning. These symbols are used to represent pause in sentence, full stop, arithmetic operations etc.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 9

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code.
Answer:
A Barcode reader (or Barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different reasons. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of scanner.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 11

Question 3.
What do you mean by Mouse? Explain.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in same direction
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 10

Mouse pad : The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad.

Mouse has following three buttons:

  1. Left Button
  2. Right Button
  3. Scroll Button

Left Button : Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When left button on mouse is pressed then it is called “click” operation. When This button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with single click.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Right Button : When we press right button, it is called right-click. It is used to open shortcut Menu.

Scroll Button : It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of left and right button of mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move screen up and down.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 8 Output Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Output Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Monitor is soft and is hard output device.
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Printer

Question 2.
………….. is used to listen to sound of computer
(a) Printer
(b) Speaker
(c) Microphone
(d) Mouse.
Answer:
(b) Speaker

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 3.
……………. prints output on paper
(a) Printer
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Speaker.
answer:
(a) Printer

Question 4.
……………. printer prints by joining dots
(a) Dot matrix
(b) Inkjet
(c) Laser
(d) None of these
answer:
(a) Dot Matrix

Question 5.
Monitors are of …………. types.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
answer:
(a) 2

Question 6.
Headphones are also called …………
(a) IPhone
(b) Earphone
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
answer:
(b) Earphone.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are output devices?
Answer:
Output devices are those devices which are used to get output from the computer.
They can give us soft as well as hard copies of output.

Question 2.
What are Speakers?
Answer:
Speaker is an output device which is used to get sound output from the computer. It is connected to sound card in the computer.

Question 3.
Where is projector used ?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display the output in big size. These are mainly used in meetings or to display presentations to a large number of people. They are also used in the classroom for teaching.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 4.
What are the types of printers ?
Answer:
The different types of printers are :

  1. Dot Matrix printer
  2. Ink printer
  3. laser printer.

Question 5.
Write a note on Printer ?
Answer:
Printer is an output device which is used to get a hard copy of the output. They can print black and white as well as in color. There are many types of printers available these days. Printers give the output on paper.

Question 6.
Write the name of any three output devices.
Answer:
The name of three output devices are :

  1. Printer
  2. Monitor
  3. Speaker.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write note on the monitor and its types.
Answer:
Monitor is also called visual display terminal. It is used to get a soft copy of the output. It is the most common output device. It looks like a television screen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

There are different kinds of monitors available these days:

  1. Cathode ray tube
  2. Flat panel display

1. Cathode ray tube monitor :
These monitors were used in earlier days. These monitors use cathode ray technology to display the information. These look like bulky television sets. The size of these monitors is measured by the diagonal length on the screen. Monitors are available in 15, 17, 19 and 21 inches screens. Initially these were black and white but now colored monitors are also available.

2. Flat panel display monitors:
These are the monitors which have a thin display portion. These are reduced in volume, weight and Pi requirement. These monitors can be hung up on the walls. We can see these monitors on calculators, video games, laptop computers etc. These monitors consume less power. Some examples of flat panel display monitors are LCD, LED and plasma.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 1.
Write the difference between Input and Output Devices.
Answer:
Following are the differences between input and output devices :

Input devices:

  1. These are used to give input to computer
  2. Data and instructions are given as input using these devices
  3. Input devices are available in large categories
  4. Some common input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, web camera

Output devices:

  1. These devices are used to get output from the computer
  2. After processing information is taken using these devices
  3. The categories of availability of in output devices is less
  4. The common output devices are printer, monitor, speaker

Activity
Let’s check our knowledge in the form of an activity. Count the devices in your school and fill in the boxes against their names. Also Tick (V) in the related box for each device type:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 4
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 6

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Output Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Speakers give ………….. type of output.
(a) Speed
(b) Light
(c) Sound
(d) Text
Answer:
(c) Sound

Question 2.
Headphone work like ……………..
(a) Monitor
(b) Speaker
(c) Printer
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Speaker

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 3.
displays large images ………………
(a) Monitor
(b) Printer
(c) Projector
(d) Plotter
Answer:
(c) Projector

Question 4.
…………….. prints large images
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Speaker
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Plotter.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name different types of output devices.
Answer:
Output devices are of following types:

  1. Monitor
  2. Printer
  3. Speaker
  4. Headphone
  5. Plotter
  6. Projector.

Question 2.
Name the types of monitors.
Answer:
Monitors are of two types:

  1. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor
  2. Flat Panel Display Monitor.

Question 3.
Where the projectors are used?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display large display to large number of audience.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 4.
Name the types of printers.
Answer:
Printers are of following types:

  1. Dot Matrix Printer
  2. Inkjet Printer
  3. Laser Printer

Question 5.
Writer a note on Plotter.
Answer:
Plotter is an output device which is used to print big sized text and images. It works like printer but on large scale. It is used in CAD. Plotters are of different types.

Question 6.
Name the devices which can be used as both input and output devices.
Answer:
Pendrive, CD, DVD, Modem, Touch Screen.

Question 7.
What are speakers?
Answer:
Speakers are output devices which are used to give audio output. We can listen music, songs etc. using speakers. Speakers are of many types.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 8.
What do you mean by headphones?
Answer:
Headphones are output device which work like speakers. They are used by placing in ears. They are also called ear phones.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are printers? Explain three types of printers.
Answer:
Printer prints output on paper. It is a hard output device. The output of printer is permanent. Its output can be preserved. Printers are available with different speed resolution and size in the market. Black and white as well as coloured Printers are available now a days. Coloured printers
give coloured printout.

Printers are of three types:

  1. Dot matrix Printer
  2. Inkjet Printer
  3. Laser Printer

Dot Matrix Printer:
This type of printers prints by joining dots. Its printing cost is very low.Its speed is slow and their printing output is very poor. It produces sound while working. The resolution of its printing is very low
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 1

Inkjet Printer:
This type of printer is an example of coloured printer. These printers are having less cost and it does not produce sound while working. Its speed is faster than dot matrix printer. The running cost of this type of printers is very high.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 2

Laser Printer:
This type of printers is both black and white as well as coloured. These printers are very costly. Their speed is very fast as compared to other printers. Their printing quality is very high. They work silently and their running cost is very low. These printers are most widely used due to their less running cost and very high printing quality.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 3

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 2.
Differentiate between CRT and Flat Panel Display.
Answer:
CRT Monitor:

  1. CRT monitors are big in size
  2. CRT monitors are heavy
  3. They produce large amount of heat.
  4. They use more electricity
  5. CRT monitors are cheaper

Flat Panel Display Monitors:

  1. Flat panel monitors are small in size
  2. Flat panel monitors are light weight
  3. Flat panel produce very less heat
  4. They use less electricity
  5. These monitors are costly

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Food Where Does It Come From Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 2)

Question 1.
What are materials needed to prepare food items called?
Answer:
Ingredients.

Question 2.
What ingredients are used to prepare Kheer?
Answer:
Ingredients for preparing kheer are milk, rice, sugar, and dry fruits.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 4)

Question 1.
Which term is used for the part of plant we use as food?
Answer:
The plant parts which are used by us as food are called edible parts.

Question 2.
Which part of mango tree is edible?
Answer:
Fruit.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 6)

Question 1.
Name two animals which eat only plants or plant products?
Answer:
Cow and goat

Question 2.
Name two animals which eat only flesh?
Answer:
Lion and tiger.

Question 3.
Name two animals which eat both plants and animals?
Answer:
Cat and dog.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Materials needed to prepare food items are called ………………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) White part of egg is called …………………
Answer:
albumin

(c) Plants can prepare their own food by the process of ………………
Answer:
photosynthesis

(d) ……………… and ………………… of mustard is used as food.
Answer:
Leaves, seeds,

(e) Honeybee collects ………………… from flowers.
Answer:
nectar

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

2. Write True or False:

(a) All animals are carnivores.
Answer:
False

(b) Root of sweet potato is used as food.
Answer:
True

(c) Egg is not nutritional food as it contains no proteins.
Answer:
False

(d) Stem of sugarcane is used to prepare juice, sugar and jaggery.
Answer:
True

(e) Butter, curd and Honey are milk products.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Carrot (a) Pulses
2. Gram, Peas (b) Fruit
3. Wheat, Rice (c) Root
4. Potato (d) Cereals
5. Orange (e) Stem

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Carrot (c) Root
2. Gram, Peas (a) Pulses
3. Wheat, Rice (d) Cereals
4. Potato (e) Stem
5. Orange (b) Fruit

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is an omnivorous animal?
(a) Lion
(b) Eagle
(c) Dear
(d) Crow
Answer:
(d) Crow

Question (ii)
Which part of cabbage is used as food?
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Leaves
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(c) Leaves

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Exercise-2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are ingredients?
Answer:
The materials needed to prepare food items are called ingredients.

Question (ii)
Name any three milk products.
Answer:
Cheese, butter, curd, and cream.

Question (iii)
Name any two seeds which are used as spices.
Answer:
Ginger, and turmeric.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How are the seeds important source of human food?
Answer:
Seeds are important ingredients of our food. Pulses are seeds of gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are rich sources of protein. Cereals are seeds of grass plants like wheat, rice and maize. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Seeds of many plants are good sources of edible oils like mustard, groundnut and coconut.

Question (ii)
What is the importance of food for living beings?
Answer:
Food is very important because it

  1. provides energy to do work.
  2. helps in growth and development of body.
  3. protects us from diseases.
  4. keeps us healthy.
  5. helps in healing the injured body parts.

Question (iii)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from animals.
Answer:
We get different food ingredients from animals. Some of the examples are milk, eggs, meat, honey, etc.

Milk and Milk Products.
Milk is used worldwide as food. It is also converted into dairy products like cheese, butter, curd, cream etc. We use milk of buffalo, cow, goat and sheep. Milk contains proteins, sugar, fats and vitamins. It is very good for health.

Honey.
Honey is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. Honeybees collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey and store it in their hives. Honey contains sugar, Water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins. Honey is being used as food and medicine since ancient times.

Question (iv)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from plants.
Answer:
We get different food products from plants. Examples are fruits, seeds, edible leaves, roots and stems.

Fruits.
Fruits are important source of vitamins and minerals and are also essential for good health. Fruits like apple, mango, guava, papaya, orange, etc. are eaten raw. Some fruits are also used to make pickles, jams and juices.

Seeds.
Seeds of many plants used as food and food ingredients.
Gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are examples of pulses. These are rich sources of proteins.

Seeds of grass like crops e.g. wheat, rice and maize are known as cereals. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Wheat flour is used to make chapati, bread and biscuits.

Seeds of coriander (dhania), cumin (zeera) and black pepper are used as spices in kitchen. Oil of mustard seeds is used in cooking.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

7. Long Answer Type Question :

Question (i)
How can we categorise animals on the basis of their food habits? Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
We can categorise animals on the basis of their food habits into three categories. These are :
(1) Herbivores,
(2) Carnivores and
(3) Omnivores.

(1) Herbivores are the animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores, e.g. cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

(2) Carnivores are the animals which eat other animals are called carnivores, e.g. lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

(3) Omnivores are the animals which eat both plant and animals are called omnivores, e.g. Crow, bear, dog and rat, man, etc.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Food Where Does It Come From Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The following root is eaten by us.
(a) Turnip
(b) Rose
(c) Brinjal
(d) Potato
Answer:
(a) Turnip

Question 2.
Fruit of following plant is a food to us.
(a) Wheat
(b) Tomato
(c) Spinach
(d) Sugarcane.
Answer:
(b) Tomato

Question 3.
Which is a herbivore :
(a) Goat
(b) Lion
(c) Hawk
(d) Dog
Answer:
(a) Goat

Question 4.
Cat is an example of :
(a) Herbivore
(b) Carnivore
(c) Omnivore
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) Omnivore

Question 5.
Milk product is :
(a) Curd
(b) Paneer
(c) Ghee
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Food is prepared by using one or two or more ……………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) We get …………….. and ………………. from plants.
Answer:
fruits, vegetables

(c) Animals provide us …………….. and ……………..
Answer:
milk, meat

(d) Paddy is source of ……………….
Answer:
rice

(e) Some plants have more than one parts.
Answer:
edible

(f) Banana leaf is used as a ………………
Answer:
plate (saucer)

(g) Seeds of mustard give us …………….
Answer:
oil

(h) Honey-bees prepare honey from the ……………. of the flowers.
Answer:
nectar

(i) On the basis of eating habits, the living organisms are grouped into ………………. and ………………
Answer:
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.

Write (T) against True and (F) against False statement:

(a) Plants are source of seeds, fruits, vegetables, spices etc.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

(b) Butter, cream, cheese and curd are milk products.
Answer:
True

(c) Roots of all plants can be eaten as food.
Answer:
False

(d) We can eat stems and flowers of some plants.
Answer:
True

(e) Turmeric is an example of spice.
Answer:
True

(f) Seeds of moong and kidney beans are example of pulses.
Answer:
True

(g) Plants can prepare their food by a process called respiration.
Answer:
False

(h) Lions and tigers eat other animals for their food so they are called carnivores.
Answer:
True

Match the following items given in column A with that in column B:

Column A Column B
(1) Lion Collect nectar
(2) Deer Photosynthesis
(3) Man Eat other animals
(4) Female mosquito Eat plants
(5) Honey bee Take food from plants and animals.
(6) Green plants Human blood.

Answer:
(1) Lion – Eat other animals
(2) Deer – Eat plants
(3) Man – Take food from plants and animals.
(4) Female mosquito – Human blood
(5) Honey bee – Collect nectar
(6) Green plants – Photosynthesis.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List five carnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores :

  1. Lion,
  2. Tiger,
  3. Wolf,
  4. Lizard,
  5. Vulture.

Question 2.
Give examples of five herbivores.
Answer:
Herbivores :

  1. Deer,
  2. Goat,
  3. Elephant,
  4. Cow,
  5. Buffalo.

Question 3.
List three omnivores.
Answer:

  1. Man,
  2. Dog,
  3. Crow.

Question 4.
Which parts of plant are edible?
Answer:
Root, stem, leaf, flower i.e. all parts of a plant are edible.

Question 5.
Which food product is prepared by bees?
Answer:
Honey.

Question 6.
Name plants whose seeds are eaten as food.
Answer:
Moong, chana, peas, wheat etc.

Question 7.
Should we eat unknown plants? Why?
Answer:
No, we should not do so because some plants are poisonous.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Question 8.
Where is nectar collected from and stored by bees?
Answer:
Nectar is collected from flowers and stored in their beehives.

Question 9.
Name some stems which are used as spices?
Answer:
Ginger and turmeric.

Question 10.
List four food products are that obtained from animals?
Answer:

  1. Milk,
  2. eggs,
  3. meat and
  4. honey.

Question 11.
Name four food items prepared from milk.
Answer:

  1. Curd,
  2. cream,
  3. butter and
  4. cheese.

Question 12.
Why do we need to take food?
Answer:
For getting energy and for doing various physical activities.

Question 13.
How can you classify foods?
Answer:
Classification of food. Classification of food is done in the following categories :

  1. Energy giving food
  2. Body building food
  3. Protective food.

Question 14.
Name four examples of animals which (i) give us milk and (ii) give us meat to eat.
Answer:
Animals which give us milk are (i) Cow (ii) Buffalo (iii) Goat (iv) Camel.
Animals which give us meat are (i) Pig (ii) Goat (iii) Chicken (iv) Sheep.

Question 15.
Name two animals which give us eggs to eat.
Answer:

  1. Hen
  2. Duck.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores. These are the animals which obtain their food by eating other animals. Examples are lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

Herbivores. Animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores. Examples are cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

Omnivores. Animals which eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. Examples are crow, bear, dog, rat, etc. Humans can also eat all types of substances, so they are also an example of omnivores.

Question 2.
Differentiate between pulses and cereals.
Answer:
Pulses are the seeds of plants like gram, peas, kidney beans, green gram (moong). These are good source of proteins.

Cereals are the seeds of plants like wheat, rice, maize, etc. These are good source of carbohydrates.

Question 3.
What are the main sources of food for different animals including man? Give examples.
Answer:
All animals and humans get their food from plants and other animals.
Food from plants : grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices.
Food from Animals : milk, meat, milk products, etc.

Question 4.
Why are plants called producers and animals are called consumers?
Answer:
We know plants can synthesis their food by using carbon dioxide and water from the surrounding using the green pigment called chlorophyll and sunlight. For this reason these are called producers. On the other hand, animals cannot synthesise their food like plants so they depend upon plants or other animals for their food. Hence they are called consumers.

Question 5.
Why is a man called an omnivorous animal?
Answer:
Man is called an omnivorous animal because he eats both, plant food (such as grains, pulses, fruits and vegetables) as well as meat of animals (such as goat, chicken and fish). ‘Omnivorous animals’ are also called ‘Omnivores’.

Question 6.
Give examples of plants which have (i) roots, (ii) leaves and (iii) stems as edible parts.
Answer:
(i) We eat roots of carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, etc.
(ii) We eat leaves of mustard, spinach, cabbage, coriander, mint, etc.
(iii) We eat stems of ginger, potato, onion, sugarcane, turmeric, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Question 7.
We eat fruits and seeds of some plants. Give some examples of such plants.
Answer:
We eat fruits of plants like mango, apple, guava, papaya, orange, etc. On the other hand we eat seeds of pulses, cereals, etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the main ingredients and their sources for the following food items. Kheer, matar paneer, chapati/roti, karhi and parantha
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From 1

Question 2.
Write a short note on honey and milk.
Answer:
Honey.
It is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. They collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey. Sugar, water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins are the main ingredients of honey. Honey is stored in the beehives. It is in use as food and medicine since ancient times.

Milk.
It is known as complete food as it gives us all ingredients like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It is a food consumed all over the world. It can also be converted into many other products like cheese, butter, curd, cream, etc. We obtain milk from animals like buffalo, cow, goat, camel, sheep, etc.

Question 3.
Write down the functions or importance of food.
Answer:
Food is essential for all living organisms because of the following reasons :
(i) It provides energy. The food that we eat is digested, absorbed and then oxidised to
provide energy. The energy thus released, is utilised by all living organisms to perform various
activities like running, walking and various movements.

(ii) It helps in growth and development. The food provides all necessary materials for cell division and helps in growth and development.

(iii) It helps to overcome wear and tear. Food is also needed by living beings for replacement and reparing of their damaged parts.

(iv) It protects the body against diseases. Food gives us resistance against diseases and protects us from infection.

Question 4.
Write short notes on eggs and meat as food items.
Answer:
Eggs and meat are food items obtained from animals. People who eat eggs and meat are known as non-vegetarians.

(i) Eggs. Eggs are also a very common food item for people. We commonly eat eggs produced by hens and ducks. The eggs we eat have a hard shell outside. Inside this shell we have a white part called albumin and a yellow part called yolk. Albumin is rich in proteins whereas yolk is rich in fats.

(ii) Meat. We eat the flesh of some animals which is known as meat. Meat is also eaten by a large number of people all over the world. We generally eat the meat of goat, sheep, chicken, and fish. All types of meat have proteins and fats as the main ingredient. In addition, we also eat sea animals like prawns, oysters, crabs, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Name some important cities of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
Some important cities of the Harappan Civilization were Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Banawali, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about the social life of the Indus Valley people?
Answer:
The social life of the Indus Valley people was highly developed. The people ate wheat, barley, rice, pulses, fruits, vegetables, and drank milk. They also ate meat and fish. Both cotton and woollen clothes were worn. The women wore a long skirt and blouse, the skirt being held at the waist by a girdle. The men wrapped long pieces of cloth around themselves. Both men and women were fond of fashion and wearing ornaments. Rich people wore gold, silver and precious stones whereas the poor people wore jewellery made of bones, terracotta and semi-precious beads.

People were fond of games. Dancing and singing, playing of dice and chess, hunting, etc. were the main sources of amusement. For the children, there were toys made of clay.

Question 3.
Write a note on the town planning of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
The town planning of the Indus Civilization was remarkable. The cities were usually divided into two parts. The upper part built on raised platforms was the citadel. It included the public buildings, the granaries, the more important workshops and the religious buildings. The lower part was inhabited by common people. If the city was attacked or threatened by floods, the inhabitants of the lower city found refuge in the citadel. The cities had wide and straight roads and streets that intersected at right angles. The drainage system was quite good that helped in the cleanliness of cities.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 4.
What were the causes of the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization lasted for about a thousand years. By 1500 B.C., when the Aryans began to arrive in India, the Harappan Civilization had collapsed. Nothing can be said in certain how this civilization declined.

Various scholars have mentioned different reasons for the decline of the Harappan Civilization.

  • The Aryans waged a war against the people of the Harappan Civilization and defeated them. Consequently, the Harappan Civilization was ruined. But this view is not supported these days.
  • Regular floods in the river Indus and its tributaries destroyed this civilization.
  • About 1900 B.C. the river Sarasvati got dried and the Harappan people moved towards east in the Ganga plain.
  • Earthquakes or an epidemic destroyed this civilization.
  • The climate began to change and the region became more and more dry, like a desert. It resulted in unproductivity of the land.

Question 5.
What were the economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization people?
Answer:
The Indus people led a prosperous economic life. Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Plenty of wheat, barley and cotton were grown. Animals like sheep, bulls, cows, pigs, camels and elephants were reared. People living in cities were traders. They had good trade contacts with foreign lands like Mesopotamia. Pottery and brick-making were important industries. Metal workers made tools and implements. Women were engaged in spinning and weaving.

Question 6.
Write about any two centres of Harappan Civilisation in Punjab.
Answer:
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in the Ludhiana district. This town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist. A number of statues and utensils of Indus valley have been found here. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water.

2. Sunat: This site is also situated in Ludhiana district. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found here give us good information about the last period of Harappan Civilization.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Harappan civilization was about ________ times bigger than the Egyptian civilization.
Answer:
20

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 2.
In Punjab, ________, ________, ________ and ________ yielded remains of this civilization.
Answer:
Sanghol, Rohira, Surat, Kotla Nihang Khan

Question 3.
Houses were made of ________ and ________
Answer:
baked bricks, wood

Question 4.
A large ________ hall has been discovered at Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
pillared

Question 5.
Men and women were fond of jewellery and ________
Answer:
other fashions

Question 6.
The people worshipped ________
Answer:
Mother Goddess

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 7.
The Peepal tree was considered ________
Answer:
sacred.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Pasupati (a) Port city
(ii) Mohenjodaro (b) Writing
(iii) Lothal (c) God
(iv) Pictograph (d) Great Bath

Answer:
Correct columns:

A B
(i) Pasupati (c) God
(ii) Mohenjodaro (d) Great Bath
(iii) Lothal (a) Port city
(iv) Pictograph (b) Writing

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Ropar (Roopnagar) is located in Pakistan.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Mother Goddess was not worshipped by the Harappan people.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 3.
Punjab has no remains of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The Indus people did not know the art of writing.
Answer:
False

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit the museum and see the excavated articles of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
On a map of India mark the cities of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Draw sketches of the seals and the jewellery of the Harappan people and display them in your class.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Harappan Civilization Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name some special buildings which were constructed on the citadel.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate Store houses
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 2.
Which of these materials is used to make things found by archaeologists in Harappan cities?
(A) Stone
(B) Metal
(C) Shell
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 3.
Which of these metals was used in Harappan civilisation?
(A) Gold
(B) Copper
(C) Silver
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The weights were generally made of ________
(A) Chert
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Stone.
Answer:
(A) Chert.

Question 5.
The Harappan also made seals out of ________
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Stone
(D) Chert.
Answer:
(C) Stone.

Question 6.
Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and
(A) vessels
(B) chariots
(C) weights
(D) none of these.
Answer:
(A) vessels.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 7.
________ was a very special tank found in Mohenjodaro.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate storehouses
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) The Great Bath.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time. When did they excavate?
Answer:
The Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time were Daya Ram Sahni and R.D. Banerjee. They excavated in 1921-22 A.D.

Question 2.
What was found at Lothal (Gujarat)?
Answer:
The ruins of a port were found at Lothal (Gujarat).

Question 3.
Which pictures were mostly depicted on seals found out during excavations?
Answer:
The pictures of animals, birds, trees and gods and goddesses were depicted on seals.

Question 4.
Which was the oldest city discovered in India?
Answer:
The oldest city discovered in India was Mohenjodaro. Now it is in Pakistan.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 5.
Name the people with whom the Harappans had trading contacts.
Answer:
The Harappans had trading contacts with the Sumerians.

Question 6.
Which was the centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Lothal (Gujarat) was the main centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 7.
Name the script used by the Harappan people. Has it been deciphered by now?
Answer:
The Harappan people used the pictographic script. This script has not yet been deciphered.

Question 8.
Which metals did the Harappan people use?
Answer:
The Harappan people used copper, bronze, lead, tin, silver and gold.

Question 9.
Name a tree which the Harappan people treated as sacred.
Answer:
Peepal.

Question 10.
Which crops were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Wheat and barley were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 11.
When did the Harappan Civilization come to light?
Answer:
Harappan civilization came to light with the Harappan discovery located in Montgomery district of Punjab and Mohenjodaro in the Larkana district of Sind in 1921-22.

Question 12.
Why was a large pillared hall used at Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
Large pillared hall was probably used for public meetings or for some religious purpose.

Question 13.
Which ornaments were used by the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan women wore necklaces, bangles, ear-rings, etc. and men wore earrings, bracelets and pendants.

Question 14.
Which were the favourite pastime games of the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan people were fond of both outdoor and indoor games. Playing of dice and chess, dancing, racing, hunting etc. were some of their favourite pastimes.

Question 15.
Which Gods and Goddesses were worshiped by the Harappan. people?
Answer:
Harappan people worshiped Mother Goddess. They also worshiped, Pasupati the another name of God Siva. He was also worshiped in the form of Sivalinga.

Question 16.
When Indus Valley Civilization came to an end?
Answer:
Around 1500 B.C., Indus Valley Civilization came to an end.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 17.
What was Granary?
Answer:
In the citadel at Harappa, the most impressive buildings were the granaries. These buildings were neatly laid out in rectangles and in them grain was stored.

Question 18.
What was the Great Bath?
Answer:
The best known building in the Mohenjodaro citadel was the Great Bath. It was 39 feet long, 23 feet broad and 8 feet deep.

Question 19.
What is meant by Pictographs?
Answer:
The Harappan people knew how to write apd their language was written in picture like signs, called pictographs.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the Harappan Civilization also called the .Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro were discovered in the Indus Valley. Some other sites sharing the same culture were found in the Indus Valley. That is why the Harappan Civilization is also called the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question 2.
Describe the buildings of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
The buildings of the Harappan Civilization were built of baked bricks. The walls were plastered and coloured. The roofs were flat. The buildings had a few windows and plenty of doors. In the building, there was a courtyard. Some buildings had their own wells. Every building had its own bathroom and kitchen.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 3.
What do you know about the roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization were well planned. They were wide. They ran straight and intersected one another at right angles. The houses were built on both sides of streets.

Question 4.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
The Great Bath is the most remarkable structure found in Mohenjodaro. It was a common bathing place. It had galleries all around. There were many rooms on either side, for changing dress. On one side, there were steps leading into the bath. Arrangements were made to drain the used water through a network of the drainage system.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization 1
The Great Bath at Mohenjodaro

Question 5.
Discuss the religion of the Harappan people.
Answer:
We cannot give any definite opinion about the religion of the Harappan people. No temples or houses of worship could be traced from the ruins so far. The female terracotta figurines discovered from various sites indicate that people worshipped Mother Goddess. Some seals bearing the picture of Pasupati (God Shiva) have been found. He was also worshipped in the form of Sivalinga. The Harappan people also worshipped bull and peepal tree.

Question 6.
Which were the main centres of the world’s earliest civilizations?
Answer:
There were four main centres of the world’s earliest civilization and these were :

  • The Valley of river Nile (Egypt)
  • The Valley of rivers Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia)
  • The Valley of river Indus (Indus Valley)
  • The Valley of rivers Hwang-Ho and Yangtse Kiang.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the centres of the Harappan Civilization in Punjab.
Answer:
During excavations, the Archaeological Department of Punjab has discovered several places in Punjab which belong to the Harappan Civilization.

A brief account of these centres is as follows :
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in District Ludhiana. The town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist There have been found many utensils and statues of the Harappan Civilization. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water. It was built so that the city could be protected from enemies.

2. Rohira: Rohira, is situated in Sangrur District. This place was excavated in 1976-1977 A.D. There found the utensils, bricks, and toys made of clay, etc. It looks like that the Harappan Civilization and the Rohira Civilization had been contemporary to each other.

3. Sunat: Sunat is situated in Ludhiana District. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found at Sunat give us great information about the last period of the Harappan Civilization.

4. Kotla Nihang Khan: Kotla Nihang Khan is situated in District Ropar. It was discovered in 1953 A.D. by Y.D. Sharma The utensils, tools, and ornaments found here are very much similar to those found in the Harappan Civilization.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Getting to Know Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.63)

Question 1.
Rose plant is a ………………
Answer:
Shrub.

Question 2.
Mango plant is a ………………
Answer:
Tree.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 3.
Wheat plant is a ……………….
Answer:
Herb.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.65)

Question 1
………….. help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Answer:
Roots.

Question 2.
Why does plant in pot B, wilt ?
Answer:
Because, its roots have been cut.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.66)

Question 1.
It is not easy to pull out a plant from the soil because it has strong ……………….
(i) Roots
(ii) Flower
(iii) Stem
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(i) Roots.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.67)

Question 1.
…………… always grows upwards.
Answer:
Stem.

Question 2.
Why white flower of balsam plant show specks of red colour ?
Answer:
Because, the coloured water moves through the stem. This proves that stems help in movement of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.69)

Question 1.
What are stomata ?
Answer:
Small pores on the surface of a leaf are called stomata.

Question 2.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Loss of water vapour from plants through stomata is called transpiration.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

 

Exercise – 1

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Getting to Know Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) ……………… roots do not have any main root.
Answer:
Fibrous

(b) The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called ……………….
Answer:
Venation

(c) …………… is the female part of the flower.
Answer:
Pistil

(d) The stem of a tree is called ……………….
Answer:
Trunk

2. Write True or False:

(a) Loss of water from leaves is called transpiration.
Answer:
True

(b) Chlorophyll is responsible for the green colour in leaves.
Answer:
True

(c) The portion of stem between two intemodes is called node.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(d) Stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Root (a) protects the flower in bud
2. Climber (b) absorbs water
3. Sepal (c) keeps the plant upright
4. Stem (d) money plant

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Root (b) absorbs water
2. Climber (d) money plant
3. Sepal (a) protects the flower in bud
4. Stem (c) keeps the plant upright

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Mango plant is a …………….
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) Root.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question (ii)
Photosynthesis takes place in:
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Pistill
(d) Leaves.
Answer:
(d) Leaves.

Question (iii)
The points on the stem where leaves grow are called:
(a) Buds
(b) Nodes
(c) Axiles
(d) Internodes.
Answer:
(b) Nodes

Question (iv)
The process of losing water by leaves is known as:
(a) Absorption
(b) Transpiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Anchorage.
Answer:
(b) Transpiration

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the flat green portion of a leaf called ?
Answer:
Leaf blade or Lamina is a flat green portion of a leaf.

Question (ii)
What is venation ? Write its different types.
Answer:
The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. It is of two types.

  1. Parallel venation
  2. Reticulate venation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question (iii)
What is calyx ?
Answer:
Collection of sepals (the outermost green leafy structure) is called calyx.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root ?
Answer:

Tap root Fibrous root
(1) Penetrate deep into soil (1) Shallow and do not penetrate deep.
(2) Have long main root. (2) Do not contain any main root.
(3) Roots are of different thickness. (3) Roots are of same thickness
(4) For example: Radish, neem, mango etc. (4) For example: Grass, wheat, banana etc.

Question (ii)
Write the main functions of leaves.
Answer:
Main functions of leaves are :

  1. To prepare food from carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight called Photosynthesis.
  2. Stomata present in leaves help in exchange of gases.
  3. Transpiration is performed by stomata in leaves.
  4. In some plants leaves are used for protection. For example opuntia.

Question (iii)
What are creepers ? Give one example.
Answer:
The Herbs which have weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground called creepers.
For example : Pumpkin.

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
What are the different parts of a leaf ? Explain with labelled diagram.
Answer:
Parts of the leaf are : Petiole, Lamina, Leaf base, midrib and veins.
(1) Petiole. The leaf is attached to stem by a short stalk called Petiole.
(2) Lamina. The flat, green, expanded portion of leaf called Lamina or leaf blade.
(3) Leaf base. The end of Lamina joining the petiole is called leaf base.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 1
(4) Midrib. The thick vein in the middle of the leaf called midrib.
(5) Veins. The lines on leaf called veins.

Question (ii)
Draw the diagram of a flower and describe its parts.
Answer:
Flower is an attractive, colourful and beautiful part of flowering plant. It is attached to stem by pedicel.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 2
Parts of a Flower :
Parts of flower consist of : Sepals, petals. Stamens, Pistil.

  1. Sepals. Outermost green leaves are sepals and collectively claled calyx. It protect flower in bud stage.
  2. Petals. The coloured leaf like structure are petals, and collectively called Corolla. Petals attract insects for pollination.
  3. Stamens. It is the male part of flower. It consist of :
    (a) Filament : The thin stalk
    (b) Anther. The two lobed head that produes pollen grans.
  4. Pistil. It is the female part of flower and is a flask shaped structure in the middle of flower. It consists of :
    (a) Ovary. Lower broader portion and contains ovary. It takes part in reproduction.
    (b) Style. Narrow middle portion.
    (c) Stigma. Sticky end at top of style

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Getting to Know Plants Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Example of climber is :
(a) grape vine
(b) gourd plant
(c) maize
(d) rose.
Answer:
(a) grape vine

Question 2.
Reticulate venation is found in the leaves of:
(a) rose plant
(b) mango plant
(c) money plant
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
The most prominent part of a bud is:
(a) sepal
(b) petal
(c) stamen
(d) pistil
Answer:
(b) petal

Question 4.
The number and colour of petals of rose plants are:
(a) one
(b) two
(c) five
(d) many.
Answer:
(d) many.

Question 5.
The process of producing food by leaves is:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Venation
(c) Herb
(d) Stimulus.
Answer:
(a) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
A change that produces a reaction in an organism is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Venation.
Answer:
(b) Stimulus

Question 7.
The process by which living organisms make energy is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Venation
(d) Photosynthesis.
Answer:
(a) Respiration

Question 8.
Tulsi is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Herb

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 9.
Palm is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question 10.
Rose is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Shrub

Question 11.
Guava, papaya and banana are:
(a) flowering plants
(b) non-flowering plants
(c) stem
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) flowering plants

Question 12.
The autotrophs are:
(a) All animals
(b) All animals and plants
(c) All green plants
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) All green plants

Question 13.
Carrot, radish and turnip are:
(a) Modified stem
(b) Modified root
(c) Modified leaf
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Modified root

Question 14.
Which of the following is not a part of flower?
(a) Petals
(b) Sepals
(c) Pistil
(d) Lamina.
Answer:
(d) Lamina.

Question 15.
Potato is an underground:
(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Fruits.
Answer:
(c) Stem

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 16.
Horse is an animal:
(a) Carnivorous
(b) Herbivorous
(c) Omnivorous
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Herbivorous

Question 17.
The growth in animals is:
(a) Reversible
(b) Irreversible
(c) Uncertain
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Irreversible

Question 18.
Which one of the following is a unicellular animal ?
(a) Jelly fish
(b) Mimosa pudica
(c) Amoeba
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(c) Amoeba

Question 19.
Green plants prepare their own food with the help of:
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants having hard, taller and thicks stem are called ……………….
Answer:
trees

(b) Some unwanted plants grown along with crop are …………………
Answer:
weeds

(c) ……………. are plants with weak stem.
Answer:
creepers

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(d) Climbers take ……………… on neighbouring structures and climb up.
Answer:
support

(e) Stem …………….. water.
Answer:
conducts

(f) There are ……………… tubes inside stem which transport water and mineral to leaves.
Answer:
narrow

(g) The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called …………….. .
Answer:
Petiole

(h) The thick vein in the middle of leaf is ……………… .
Answer:
midrib

(i) Plants release a lot of water into ………………. through transpiration.
Answer:
air

(j) Roots ………….. the plant to the soil.
Answer:
anchor

(k) There exists a relation between type of a root and leaf ……………….
Answer:
venation

(l) Some roots like …………… ,…………… and …………….. eaten as food.
Answer:
carrot, radish, turnip

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(m) …………… are the coloured parts of a flower.
Answer:
Petals

(n) Small bead like structure inside the ovary are ……………. .
Answer:
ovules

(o) Never ……………… flowers.
Answer:
pluck

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Plants having small, green and tender stem are called Shrubs.
Answer:
False

(b) Grape vine is an example of a creeper.
Answer:
False

(c) The middle thick vein of leaf is called petiole.
Answer:
False

(d) Plants with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Answer:
True

(e) Photosynthesis process is done in stems of plants.
Answer:
False

(f) Grass, wheat, maize have flowers.
Answer:
False

(g) Sepals are coloured part of a flower.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

(h) Marigold is group of flowers.
Answer:
True

(i) Different flowers have different number of stamens.
Answer:
True

(j) Pistil of all flowers is same.
False

Match the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Root Making food.
(2) Stem Absorbing salts and water.
(3) Leaf Supplying food to the plant.
(4) Seed Creating a new plant.

Answer:
(1) Root – Absorbing salts and water
(2) Stem – Supplying food to the plant
(3) Leaf – Making food
(4) Seed – Creating a new plant.

Match the items given in column A with those given in column B in the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Neem Storage of food
(2) Radish Modified stem
(3) Potato Tap root
(4) Tendrils Photosynthesis
(5) Chlorophyll Grapevine

Answer:
(1) Neem – Tap root
(2) Radish – Stroage of food
(3) Potato – Modified stem
(4) Tendrils – grapevine
(5) Chlorophyll – Photosynthesis.

Very Short ANswer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Trees.
Answer:
Trees. The tall plants having a single strong stem branched at top are called trees.

Question 2.
Give two examples of herbs.
Answer:
Herbs. Wheat, balsam.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 3.
Which type of plants are Moss, Algae and Fern ?
Answer:
Non-flowering type.

Question 4.
Which part of a flower attracts insects ?
Answer:
Petals (colourful part) attracts insects.

Question 5.
Bud is protected by some leaves. What are they known as ?
Answer:
Sepals protect the bud.

Question 6.
Name two root systems found in plants.
Answer:
Two roots systems in plants are :

  1. Tap root
  2. Fibrous root.

Question 7.
What are parts of a leaf ?
Answer:
Parts of a leaf are :

  1. Lamina
  2. Midrib
  3. Petiole.

Question 8.
Which underground stems are used as food ?
Answer:
Potato, Ginger.

Question 9.
Name different parts of a flower.
Answer:
Parts of a flower,

  1. Sepals
  2. Petals
  3. Stamens
  4. Pistils.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 10.
Name reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:

  1. Stamen
  2. Pistil.

Question 11.
Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
Stamen.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower ovary is found ?
Answer:
Pistil.

Question 13.
How plants are classified on the basis of size and structure ?
Answer:
Herbs, shrubs and trees.

Question 14.
What are shrubs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Medium sized plants within branches starting just above the ground are shrubs, e.g. heena, lemon etc.

Question 15.
What are herbs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Herbs. Small and non-woody plants are herbs e.g. wheat, balsam.

Question 16.
What is photosynthesis ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process by which green leaves produce food for plants in the presence of sun light, water and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 17.
Why are leaves generally green ?
Answer:
The green colour of leaves is because of presence of chlorophyll.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 18.
What are non-flowering plants ? Give example ?
Answer:
The plants which do not bear flowers are non-flowering plants e.g. Moss, algae, fern.

Question 19.
What are Creepers ?
Answer:
Creepers. Plants which run on the ground are creepers.

Question 20.
What are Climbers ?
Answer:
Climbers : Plants which need support to stand up are climbers.

Question 21.
Define node ?
Answer:
Node. The part of stem where branches and leaf attached are called nodes.

Question 22.
Define Internode.
Answer:
Internode. The part of stem between two consecutive nodes is intemode.

Question 23.
What is difference between the stems of shrub and tree ?
Answer:
Stem of shrub is hard and thin but that of tree is hard and bulky.

Question 24.
Name two flowers with joined sepals ?
Answer:
Dhatura and Loki.

Question 25.
Name two flowers with separate sepals ?
Answer:
Gurkal and mustard.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 26.
What is a cell ?
Answer:
Cell. A cell is a structural and functional unit of life.

Question 27.
What is nutrition ?
Answer:
Nutrition. It is the process of taking food.

Question 28.
What is respiration ?
Answer:
Respiration is the process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 29.
What is food of fish ?
Answer:
Aquatic insects and micro-organisms.

Question 30.
What is food of frog ?
Answer:
Food of Frog. Small insects.

Question 31.
Name an organism whose body consists of only one cell.
Answer:
Amoeba is a unicellular organism.

Question 32.
What are autotrophs ?
Answer:
Autotrophs. Living organisms that prepare their own food.

Question 33.
What are heterotrophs ?
Answer:
Heterotrophs. Living organisms that depend upon other living or dead organisms for their food.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 34.
Why do animals need food ?
Answer:
Animals need food for growth and maintenance of the body.

Question 35.
What is the process of removal of wastes by plants called ?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes in plants is called secretions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between Herbs, Shrubs and Trees.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 3

Question 2.
What is meant by conduction of water ?
Answer:
Conduction of water. The movement or transportation of water from roots to different parts of a plant against the gravity pull is called conduction of water i.e. an upward movement of water.

Question 3.
Write the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
Functions of leaf.

  1. It helps in transpiration of water.
  2. It carries out photosynthesis process to manufacture food.
  3. It stores food also.

Question 4.
What are veins ? What is their arrangement known as ?
Answer:
Veins are small lines present on the lamina of a leaf. They may be parallel to one another or net like on both sides of the midrib. This arrangement is known as Leaf Venation.

Question 5.
Define Photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process of preparation of food by leaves of green plants using sunlight, water and carbondioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 6.
Name the underground part of a plant and state its function.
Answer:
Underground part of a plant is called a Root.
Functions of a root :

  1. It fixes the plant to the soil.
  2. It absorbs water and dissolved salts from soil.
  3. Some roots store food.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 7.
What is a flower ? Name its different parts.
Answer:
Flower. It is a modified shoot which develops from the flower buds.
Parts of a flower :

  1. Sepals
  2. Petals
  3. Stamens
  4. Pistils.

Question 8.
What is a thalamus ? What is its function ?
Answer:
Thalamus. The uppermost end of the pedicel is somewhat swollen. This swollen part of the pedicel is known as thalamus.
It is used to bear all the four whorls of a flower.

Question 9.
What are stamens ?
Answer:
Stamens. It is the male reproductive organ. Each consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobed head called anthers. Inside the anthers there are pollen sacs. The pollen sac contains minute pollen grains.

Question 10.
Differentiate between root and stem.
Answer:
Differences between Root and Stem :

Root Stem
(1) It is an underground part of a plant. (1) It is the part of the plant mostly above the ground.
(2) It grows away from light but in direction of water. (2) It grows in the direction of light.
(3) It does not bear nodes and internodes. (3) It bears nodes and internodes.

Question 11.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Tap roots
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Root Cap
(iv) Root hair.
Answer:
(i) Tap roots. The main root is called tap root. Tap roots have branches which grow sideways and spread all around the main root.

(ii) Fibrous roots. Roots which seem similar are fibrous roots. They are short and fibrelike. They do not have branches. These roots are called fibrous roots.

(iii) Root cap. The yellowish cover over the tip of the root is called the root cap. The root cap protects the delicate tip of the root from injury.

(iv) Root hair. The hair-like structure of the tender ends of the roots is called root hair. Root hairs absorb salt and water from the soil.

Question 12.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Leat blade
(ii) Leaf apex
(iii) Leaf base.
Answer:
(i) Leaf blade. The broad flat portion of the leaf is called the leaf blade.
(ii) Leaf apex. The tip of the leaf is called the leaf apex.
(iii) Leaf base. The part of the leaf which is joined to the stalk is called the leaf base.

Question 13.
State the meaning of following terms :
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla.
Answer:
(i) Calyx. The outermost portion of the flower consisting of a whorl of green leaflike structure is called the calyx.
(ii) Corolla. The whorl inside the calyx is called the corolla. Corolla is made up of partially or fully joined multi-coloured petals.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 14.
Why is the leaf an important organ of the plant ?
Answer:
The leaf is an important organ because :

  • It prepares food by photosynthesis.
  • It performs the function of respiration.
  • It performs the function of transpiration.

Question 15.
What is a root ?
Answer:
Root. A root is an underground part of the plant. Roots grow downwards in the soil. Usually roots are light yellow or white in colour. There are small branches on the main root. These branches are known as secondary roots. Small fibre-like structures are seen on the surface of the root. These structures are called root hairs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 16.
Discuss the types of roots.
Answer:
Types of Roots. There are two types of roots
(i) Tap root
(ii) Fibrous root.

(i) Tap root. The root that develops from the radicle is called tap root. It grows vertically down into the soil. The tap root gives out branches.
Examples : Pea, neem, mango.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 4

(ii) Fibrous root. Some plants do not have any main root. They have many fibre-like roots. These roots spread out in the soil and give support to the plant.
Examples : Wheat, maize, millet, grass.

Question 17.
What are fleshy roots ?
Answer:
Fleshy roots. In some plants, for example, radish, carrot and turnip, the roots store the food. Such roots become thick and fleshy due to the storing of food are also called fleshy roots.

Question 18.
Why are stamens and pistils important parts of the flower ?
Answer:
Importance of stamens and pistils. The formation of seeds by the process of fertilisation takes place in the flowers. In this process, pollen grains from the androecium combine with the ovules of the ovary to form a seed.

Question 19.
Give one or two-word terms for the following statements :
(i) The underground part of the plant.
(ii) The type of roots found in wheat, maize and sugarcane.
(iii) The portion of plant above the ground.
(iv) Green expanded part of the plant which arises on the nodes of the stem.
(v) The plants which have stems modified for photosy-nthesis and leaves modified into spines for protection.
(vi) The process of manufacture of food by plants in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
(vii) The reproductive part of the plant.
(viii) The stem between two nodes.
Answer:
(i) Root system
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Shoot system
(iv) Leaf
(v) Cacti
(vi) Photosynthesis
(vii) Flower
(viii) Intemode.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 20.
Which parts of a flower are useful for reproduction ?
Answer:
Useful parts for reproduction are : (i) Stamens or Androecium and (ii) Carpels or Gynaecium.

Question 21.
Which organ of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed ?
Answer:
Carpel of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed.

Question 22.
Give two examples of each :
(i) Plants with fibrous roots
(ii) Roots storing food
(iii) Supporting roots
(iv) Stems storing food
(v) Stems with tendrils
(vi) Leaves with tendrils.
Answer:
(i) Coconut tree, Maize plant
(ii) Radish, Carrot
(iii) Maize, Aerial roots of a banyan tree
(iv) Potato, Ginger
(v) Grapevine, Pumpkin
(vi) Pea plant, Gloriosa.

Question 23.
State whether the following are roots, stems or leaves :
(i) Potato
(ii) Carrot
(iii) Cabbage
(iv) Radish
(v) Amorphophallus
(vi) Turmeric
(vii) Ginger
(viii) Beet
(ix) Turnip
(x) Sweet potato.
Answer:
Roots : Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Sweet potato.
Stems : Potato, Amorphophallus, Turmeric, Ginger.
Leaves : Cabbage.

Question 24.
Name the systems of flowering plants. Draw them.
Answer:
All flowering plants have two main systems : (i) Root System (ii) Shoot System.
The Root System which grows mainly underground. The Shoot system grows above the ground as shown in diagram.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 5

Question 25.
What are herbs, shrubs and trees ? Give examples.
Answer:
Plants are classified as herbs, shrubs and trees.
Herbs. Plants with green and tender stems are called Herbs. They are usually short and sometimes do not have branches e.g. grasses, Dhania etc.

Shrubs. Medium sized plants with branches starting just above the ground are shrubs. Trees. The plants which are very tall and have hard and thick stem. They have branches arising from upper part of the stem. They are called trees. For example, Mango tree, Lemon tree etc.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 6

Question 26.
What is a leaf and what is its role in the life of a plant ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 7
The leaf is a flattened, thin green lateral structure borne on the stem.
A leaf is borne on the stem at a node. It usually has a stalk called petiole and very small leaves at the base of the petiole called the stipules. It has broad expanded green part called leaf blade or Lamina. It has thick midrib in the centre.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 27.
What is Venation ? Also classify it.
Answer:
Venation. The pattern of thread-like structures in the leaves forming a network is venation.

Reticulate venation. When the design is net-like on both the sides of mid rib, the venation is said to be reticulate. Examples : rose, tulsi, mint, cabbage.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 8
Parallel Venation. When the leaf has veins parallel to one another. Such venation is called Parallel venation. Examples : grass, maize, sugarcane.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 9

Question 28.
What are the functions of roots ?
Answer:
Roots of plants have following functions :

  • Fixation. It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
  • Absorption. Root hairs help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
  • Transportation. Water and minerals absorbed by the roots are transported up to the stem and into the branches.
  • Prevention of soil erosion. Roots prevent soil erosion.

Question 29.
What are the characteristics of roots ?
Answer:
The root and its branches make up the root system of a plant.

Characteristics of roots.
The root is the underground, non-green part of the plant. It generally grows from the radicle of the embryo of a seed. It grows into the soil, away from sunlight. It does not possess nodes or internodes.

Question 30.
Name some modified roots and stems which we eat.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, beet etc.are modified roots and stems which we eat.

Question 31.
Write three modifications each of stems and roots.
Answer:
Modification of roots : (!) Storage roots (ii) supporting roots (iii) Breathing roots. Modification of stems : (i) Storage of food (ii) Support (iii) Protection.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain experimentally that stem helps in conducting water upwards.
Answer:
Experiment. Gently pull out a balsam plant or any other plant with white flowers from the soil. Wash its roots well. Then cut the roots under water. Dip the lower end of the cut stem in a bottle containing water to which few drops of red ink has been added as shown in
fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 10

Leave the plant undisturbed for a few hours. Observe the plant carefully. You will notice that the colour of the white flowers changes to red, this is because of conduction of water from stem to flower. This experiment proves that stem helps in conducting water upwards.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Question 2.
Explain through activity the process of Transpiration.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 11
Experiment.
Take a potted plant and cover it with a polythene bag as shown in figure. Observe it after few hours. What do you see in the bag ? You will notice a few droplets of water in the bag. This shows that the water is lost by the leaves during Transpiration.

Question 3.
Discuss the various parts of a flower.
Answer:
A flower may be defined as a modified shoot highly condensed. It develops from the floral buds.

Parts of a flower. Flowers vary in size, shape and colour but all flowers have the same basic parts. The main parts are :
(i) Pedicel and thalamus
(ii) Calyx or sepals
(iii) Corolla or petals
(iv) Androecium or stamens
(v) Gynoecium or carpels.

(i) Pedicel. A flower is borne on a stalk called pedicel. The upper swollen part of pedicel is called thalamus. It bears all the four whorls of a flower.

(ii) Sepals. It is the 1 st outermost whorl of a flower. It consists of leaf like structures called sepals. Sepals are generally green, manufacture food and supply it to other floral parts.

(iii) Petals. It is 2nd whorl of a flower. Each segment of the petal is known as a petal. These are usually brightly coloured due to presence of pigments. The bright colour, sweet smell and nectar attract the insects which in turn help in pollination.

(iv) Androecium or stamens. It is the third floral whorl which is composed of one or more male reproductive organs called stamens. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobe head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two pollen-sacs which are filled with pollen grains.

(v) Gynoecium or Carpels. It is the innermost floral whorl which is composed of one or more female reproductive organs called carpels. Each carpel consists of three parts : Stigma, Style and Ovary.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 12

Question 4.
What is a stem? What are the different parts of a stem?
Answer:
Stem. The ascending aerial part of the plant that directly develops from the plumule is called a stem. It is the link between the roots and the leaves and flowers. The stem is the strongest part of a tree and is known as the trunk.

Parts of a stem. A stem consists of the following three parts :
(i) Node. It is a place on the stem or a branch from which a leaf is produced.

(ii) Internode. This is the part of the stem which lies in between the two successive nodes.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 13

(iii) Bud. It is the condensed part of the stem lying either at the apex of a stem or in the axil of a leaf.

Question 5.
Explain the normal and special functions of stems.
Answer:
Normal functions of stems: The normal functions of stems are :
(i) Stems support the branches of the plant bearing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(ii) They spread the leaves so that every leaf gets sufficient light and air.
(iii) They transport water and salts absorbed by the roots upto the leaves and other parts of the plant.
(iv) The food prepared in the leaves is distributed to the different parts of the plant by the stem.

Special functions of stems.
The special functions of the stems are as follows :
(i) The manufacture of food material. Some plants such as Opuntia, Asparagus, etc., have either no leaves or very small leaves. The stems of such plants are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Such green stems manufacture food material in the presence of sunlight.
(ii) Support. Some plants such as passionflower, bitter gourd, and grapevines have weak stems. Fiber-like tendrils develop.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about the Old Stone Age?
Answer:
The Old Stone Age is the period when man was a hunter-gatherer. In this age, man’s life depended upon natural objects. He did not know about fire, so he used to eat the fruit of the trees and the flesh of animals. In order to protect himself from wild animals, he moved in groups and at night he took shelter on trees or in caves and rock shelters. He went about naked, but sometimes he wore skins of animals and leaves or bark of trees, to protect himself from extreme heat or cold. For hunting animals; he used stone weapons or branches of trees.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man The Stone Age 1
Early Man

Question 2.
Write five important characteristics about the Neolithic Age.
Answer:
The third and the last phase of Stone Age is known as the Neolithic Age. Five important things about this age are as ahead :

  • Man began to live at one place permanently. He had started growing and cooking food.
  • Man’s implements had become more refined. They were sharp and lighter in weight, that made them more effective.
  • Man learnt to make vessels of clay to store his food and also to cook it.
  • Man learnt to express his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.
  • Man learnt to make beads of various semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc., and used them as jewellery.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 3.
What do you know about the Mesolithic Age?
Answer:
The Mesolithic Age began after the Palaeolithic Age. During this period man’s life improved a bit. He learnt several new things. In place of crude pieces of broken stone, he started making stone- weapons such as axes, spears and cleavers, which were pointed and chiseled. He tied them to long sticks of wood. He also learnt that certain types of food-grains could be stored for a long time. Therefore, he began to gather food-grains. Except these, the caves and rock- shelters, he came to know how to build small huts of reed, wood and leaves. Consequently, man began to lead a settled life in villages.

Question 4.
How did the invention of wheel help man?
Answer:
The invention of wheel led to a big advance in the pattern of living of man. It made life very much easier and comfortable. With the help of wheel, man was able to make wheeled-carts, which could be drawn by animals. It made travel and transport easier. It improved the making of pottery.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man The Stone Age 2
Invention of Wheel

Question 5.
Write a note on cave paintings.
Answer:
While living in caves and rock-shelters, early man used to draw figures of human beings, animals and hunting scenes on the walls with the help of pointed stones and pigments. These figures were usually line drawings but sometimes he coloured such figures with the help of a bamboo brush. These rock-drawings have been discovered at several places in India and other parts of the world. The cave-paintings of Bhimbaithaka, near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, are worth seeing, in which people are seen dancing. It shows that dancing was a major source of entertainment in the Stone Age and people danced in groups.

II. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Paleolithic (a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age (b) Cave paintings
(iii) Bhimbaithaka (c) Old Stone Age
(iv) Hunter-gatherer (d) Middle Stone Age

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(i) Paleolithic (a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age (d) Middle Stone Age
(iii) Bhimbaithaka (b) Cave paintings
(iv) Hunter-gatherer (c) Old Stone Age

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘falses in the brackets given after each

Question 1.
Visit a museum and see the implements used by early man.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 2.
Cut out diagrams of early man’s tools from an old history book and paste in your scrap book. ‘
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Early Man: The Stone Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
__________ is the place where the remains of tools, pots, buildings etc. were found.
(A) Site
(B) Factory
(C) Habitation
(D) Inscription.
Answer:
(A) Site.

Question 2.
__________ are places where people lived including cave and rock shelters.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Palace
(D) Factory.
Answer:
(B) Habitation.

Question 3.
__________ was the place where people made tools.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Factory
(D) Palace.
Answer:
(C) Factory.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 4.
The Mesolithic period was years ago.
(A) 12000-10,000
(B) 8,000-10,000
(C) 6,000-8,000
(D) 4,000-6,000.
Answer:
(A) 12,000-10,000.

Question 5.
The beginning of the Neolithic age __________
(A) 8, 000 years ago
(B) 10,000 years ago
(C) 6,000 years ago
(D) 4,000 years ago.
Answer:
(B) 10,000 years ago.

Question 6.
Early people painted on the of caves.
(A) walls
(B) roof
(C) floor
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) walls.

Question 7.
Tools in Hunsgi were made of.
(A) metal
(B) bone
(C) limestone
(D) stone.
Answer:
(C) limestone.

Question 8.
Which of these qualities are required to hunt animals?
(A) Alert
(B) Quick
(C) Presence of mind
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 9.
In which period were Ostriches found in India?
(A) Palaeolithic
(B) Mesolithic
(C) Stone
(D) Microlithic.
Answer:
(A) Palaeolithic.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the man come on the earth?
Answer:
The man came on the earth about four million years ago.

Question 2.
What was the food of early man?
Answer:
The food of early man consisted of fruits, berries and flesh of animals.

Question 3.
What type of clothes did early man wear?
Answer:
Early man used skins of animals, bark of trees and large leaves as clothes.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 4.
Name a few implements of early man.
Answer:
Early man’s implements were made mostly of stone. These included crude axes, cleavers, spears, choppers, scrapers, etc.

Question 5.
What is a flint stone?
Answer:
A flint stone is a stone that produces sparks and fire.

Question 6.
What was the first mechanical device learnt by man?
Answer:
The use of solid logs as wheels was probably the first mechanical device learnt by man.

Question 7.
When did the settled life of early man become possible?
Answer:
The settled life of early man became possible when he learnt to produce food.

Question 8.
How did early man express his artistic instincts?
Answer:
Early man expressed his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.

Question 9.
What is Bhimbaithaka?
Answer:
Bhimbaithaka is a place near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh where rock-drawings of early man have been discovered.

Question 10.
What were ornaments of early man-made of?
Answer:
Ornaments of early man were made of semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 11.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘Paleolithic’?
Answer:
The word Paleolithic is made up of two Greek words- Palaeo and lithic. The meaning of Palaeo is old and the meaning of lithic is stone. So the literal meaning of Paleolithic is- old stone.

Question 12.
What is New Stone Age?
Answer:
New stone age was the period of history when early man domesticated animals and learnt the use of polished stone tools. It is also known as Neolithic period.

Question 13.
Which discoveries helped early man to lead a settled life?
Answer:
Beginning of agriculture, the taming of animals, discovery of metals and discovery of wheel were the discoveries that helped early man to lead a settled life.

Question 14.
Who is a Food-gatherer?
Answer:
Food-gatherer is a person who wanders from place to place in search of food. Man in Early Stone Age was a food-gatherer.

Question 15.
Who is a Food-producer?
Answer:
Food-producer is a person who produces plants and crops to meet his food requirements. In Neolithic period, man became food producer from food-gatherer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is early man called a wanderer?
Answer:
Early man did not know how to grow food. He ate fruit of trees and hunted whatever animals he could. So when he had eaten all that he could find in a certain place, he had to move on to some other places in search of food. That is why he is called a wanderer.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

Question 2.
How had early man to defend himself from wild animals?
Answer:
Early man had to defend himself from wild animals either by hiding in caves and trees or by using his crude weapons against them and killing them. But the best mean of defence against animals was fire.

Question 3.
Why did early man start living at one place?
Answer:
It was the discovery of agriculture that made possible for early man to live at one place. Now he did not have to wander from place to place in search of food. He stopped being a nomad and settled down at one place as an agriculturist.

Question 4.
How was fire discovered?
Answer:
The striking together of two pieces of stone called ‘flint produced spark. When it touched dry leaves and twigs, it burst into a flame. This is how the fire was discovered.

Question 5.
How did the fire act as a source of comfort and protection for early inan?
Answer:
The fire acted- as a source of comfort and protection for early man in the following ways :

  • At night when everyone crowded in a cave, a fire was kept burning at the entrance and this prevented the wild animals from entering the cave.
  • In the cold of winter, the fire gave early man heat.

Question 6.
What were the advantages of wheels to early man?
Answer:
Early man took great advantages from the invention of wheel. It was very easy for him to carry a round object from one place to another by rolling it instead of carrying a cubical object. Early man must have learnt it by rolling logs of woods. This invention made the advancement quicker and easier for him. It helped him in easy transportation of goods and travel long distances. It also helped him in improving the making of different kinds of pots.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How did the domestication of animals help early man?
Answer:
Early man was a hunter. He killed animals for food. Then he began to domesticate them. This helped him in the following ways :

  • Food: Man could get meat, milk, and butter from the domesticated animals.
  • More Animals: Wild animals could only be killed and their flesh is eaten. But domesticated animals could be made to breed and provide more animals.
  • Help in Agriculture: Animals could be used to draw the plow or the cart.
  • Clothes: Man used the skin of animals as clothes.
  • Weapons, Tools, etc: Man used the bones of animals to make weapons, tools, and even ornaments.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 8 Our India – In World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Study of Ancient History – Sources Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What is the difference between Pre-history and History?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two periods: Pre-history and History.
1. Pre-history. Pre-history is that period of man’s life for which we have no written records.
2. History. History is that period of man’s life for which we have written records.

Question 2.
Name the works which are included in the Vedic Literature.
Answer:
The following works are included in the Vedic Literature :

  1. Vedas,
  2. Brahmanas,
  3. Aranyakas,
  4. Upanishads,
  5. Sutras,
  6. Epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata),
  7. Puranas.

Question 3.
How do the inscriptions help us to know about history?
Answer:
Inscriptions are those records which are found written on stone-pillars, rocks, copper-plates, clay tablets.ahd walls of temples. These help us a lot to know about history. They record important events of the time when they wdre written. . Inscription of Emperor Ashoka tell us about his religion and expansions of his empire. Inscriptions of Samudragupta and Skandagupta tell us about their achievements. Copper-plates throw a light on the sale, purchase or donation of land in ancient times.

Question 4.
What is meant by archaeological sources of history?
Answer:
Old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins and inscriptions which are found during excavation are known as archaeological sources of History.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 5.
How do the Epics serve as a source of history?
Answer:
The two Epics, namely, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were composed in the Vedic period. From these Epics, we come to know about the social, religious and cultural conditions of ancient India, specially after the advent of the Aryas.

Question 6.
Write a short note on literary sources of history.
Answer:
The literary sources of history include Vedas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, Epics, Puranas and the Buddhist and Jain books. Besides telling us about the religion, these works also throw light on the events and society of the time when they were written. The books related to the laws of ancient times, called the ‘Dharmasastras’ were also written. Manusmriti is prominent among such books. Kautilya wrote a book, namely Arthasastra, on the state administration. Several dramas were written by scholars like Bhasa and Kalidasa. Several stories were also written. The scientists like Aryabhatta and Varahamihira wrote books about their discoveries.

Question 7.
What information do we get by studying monuments?
Answer:
The buildings such as pillars, forts and palaces, constructed hundreds of years ago, are known as monuments. A study of monuments provides us valuable historical information. These tell us about the life of people in ancient India.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
History is the study of _________
Answer:
past

Question 2.
History is the study for better _________
Answer:
information

Question 3.
_________ named book was written by Kautilya.
Answer:
Arthashastra

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 4.
Books, literary sources, ancient ruins, and things are called sources.
Answer:
archaeological.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Aryabhatta (a) Epic
(ii) Ramayana (b) Veda
(iii) Samaveda (c) Kautilya
(iv) Arthasastra (d) scientist

Answer:
Correct pairs:

A B
(i) Aryabhatta (d) scientist
(ii) Ramayana (a) Epic
(iii) Samaveda (b) Veda
(iv) Arthasastra (c) Kautilya

IV. Write true or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Manusmriti is a work on Dharmasastra.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Aranyakas are not part of Vedic literature.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Coins are not a source of history.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 4.
Ashoka got his message engraved on stone pillars.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit a museum and prepare a list of things which you think can be reliable sources of ancient history.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Study of Ancient History – Sources Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
One who study the past is known as _________
(A) Psychologist
(B) Historian
(C) Anthropologist
(D) Sociologist.
Answer:
(B) Historian.

Question 2.
Understanding any code or somebody’s writing is known as _________
(A) Coding
(B) Archaeology
(C) Decipherment
(D) Calligraphy.
Answer:
(C) Decipherment.

Question 3.
The beginning of agriculture is dated back to _________
(A) 4700 years, ago
(B) 5000 year ago
(C) 7000 years ago
(D) 8000 years ago.
Answer:
(D) 8000 years ago.

Question 4.
_________ was the first big kingdom..
(A) Magadha
(B) Patliputra
(C) Kaushambhi
(D) Kashi.
Answer:
(A) Magadha.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 5.
_________ are usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch.
(A) Inscription
(B) Manuscrfpt
(C) Engraving
(D) Archaeology.
Answer:
(B) Manuscript.

Question 6.
Ordinary men and women were _________
(A) hunters
(B) gatherers
(C) fishing folk
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 7.
Along the bank of _________ river people have lived for several hundred thousand years.
(A) Tapi
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Kaveri.
Answer:
(B) Narmada.

Question 8.
Which of these animals, men first began to rear?
(A) Sheep
(B) Cattle
(C) Goat
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
_________ are smaller rivers that flow into a larger river.
(A) Tributaries
(B) Ponds
(C) Valleys
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) Tributaries.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 10.
_________ is the earliest composition in Sanskrit.
(A) Yajurveda
(B) Atharvaveda
(C) Samveda
(D) Rigveda.
Answer:
(D) Rigveda.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is History?
Answer:
History is the study of past.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the literary sources of History?
Answer:
The books written in the past are called the literary sources of History.

Question 3.
What are known as the archaeological sources of History?
Answer:
The material remains of the past are known as the archaeological sources of History.

Question 4.
For which period of the past is archaeology an only mean for knowing about it?
Answer:
Archaeology is the only mean for knowing about the pre-historic age.

Question 5.
Why do we not have written records about the pre-historic age?
Answer:
We do not have written records about the pre-historic age because the early man did not know the art of writing.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 6.
Name the four Vedas.
Answer:

  1. The Rigveda,
  2. The Samaveda,
  3. The Yajurveda;
  4. The Atharvaveda.

Question 7.
Name the two Epics. Who composed them?
Answer:
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the two Epics. They were composed by Maharishi Valmiki and Maharishi Ved Vyas respectively.

Question 8.
What is an inscription?
Answer:
An inscription is the writing which is engraved either on a stone surface or on metal or brick.

Question 9.
What do you understand by monuments?
Answer:
Monuments are the buildings or structures constructed in the past and which stand today as memorials.

Question 10.
Name two renowned scientists of ancient times.
Answer:
Aryabhatta and Varahamihira were two renowned scientists of ancient times.

Question 11.
What is meant by Pre-history?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two parts: Pre-history and history. Pre-history is that period of history for which we don’t have any written record.

Question 12.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘HISTORY’?
Answer:
The word History is derived from a Greek word ‘HISTORIA’. The meaning of historia is the ‘Knowledge of Past’.

Question 13.
Who is known as the Father of History?
Answer:
‘Herodotus’ is known as the Father of history as he was the first person who wrote history.

Question 14.
What is numismatics and epigraphy?
Answer:
The study of coins is known as numismatics and the study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy

Question 15.
How many shlokas are there in Ramayana and Mahabharata?
Answer:
Ramayana contains about 24,000 shlokas and Mahabharata contains more than one lakh shlokas.

Question 16.
What do you mean by Dharmasastras?
Answer:
Dharmasastras are books written about the laws of ancient times. For example Manusmriti, Arthasastra etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 17.
Who is an Archaeologist?
Answer:
An archaeologist is a person who studies old buildings, pottery, things of daily use, coins and inscriptions.

Question 18.
Give few examples of ancient Indian monuments.
Answer:
The Sanchi Stupa, The Ashokan Pillars and remains of Nalanda university are some of the ancient Indian monuments.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What information do we get from the study of History?
Answer:
From the study of History, we come to know how man lived in the beginning and how civilizations developed with the passage of time.

Question 2.
What is the advantage of the study of History?
Answer:
History is said to be the study of past for a better future. If we want to build a strong and ideal society in the times to come and if we want to achieve further development, we must learn how we have reached the present state. Information about all these things can be attained only with the study of history.

Question 3.
How do we khow about our historical past?
Answer:
We know about bur historical past from the evidence which our forefathers have left behind. This evidence consists of ancient books, inscriptions on rocks, pillars, stone, metal plates, etc., and ancient buildings.

Question 4.
What is the significance of coins in the study of History?
Answer:
Coins of ancient times have been made of lead, copper, bronze, silver and gold, etc. Such coins have on them portraits of kings, pictures of animals, religious symbols, the names of the issuers and dates, etc. All this information helps us to learn about the kings, their dynasties, religious beliefs and economic life of the past.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History - Sources

Question 5.
What did Ashoka do to spread his message among common people?
Answer:
To spread his message among common people, Ashoka got it engraved on rocks and very big stone-pillars and put them all over the country so that people could read and follow them.

Question 6.
Write in brief about composition of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Answer:
Two great epics were written in Vedic period and these were the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Ramanaya contains around 24,000 shlokas and was composed by Maharishi Valimiki. The Mahabharata is a gigantic mass of compositions written by different authors which extended over many centuries. But generally it has been believed that it was written by Maharishi Ved Vyas. It contains more than 1,00,000 shlokas and was arranged in 18 chapters.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How do we know about the past? Mention the various- sources that are used to study the past.
Answer:
History is the one way of knowing the past. We learn about the past from the evidence which our ancestors have left behind.

Our ancestors have left behind the following clues which help us in knowing the past:
1. Literary Works: The important literary works are the religious books like the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, the Epics, the Puranas, and the Buddhist and Jain books.

2. Archaeological Sources: Archaeological sources include old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins, and inscriptions. All these give us a lot of information which could help us to study the past.