Class 6

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Physical Education Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Physical Education Guide for Class 6 PSEB Hygiene And Maintenance Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Why cleanliness is important for our house?
Answer:
Our human body is just like a machine. If we do not maintain our machines then they get damaged as well as if we can’t clean our body well then it can covered with diseases. We need petrol and diesel to move vehicles as same as a human body needs balanced diet, clean water and air to work. If we do not give proper attention to our body then physically, mentally & socially our structure also gets effected.

It is too important to clean our body parts. It is also important to clean our home and our surroundings. Cleanliness is the sign of health. It is not even imagined that a life without cleanliness. If we do not take care of our home then it also causes a lot of problems. By this our surroundings also become dirty and our nation as well as we all are harmed.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Question 2.
How can the cleanliness of the house be maintained?
Answer:
(a) There should be proper arrangement for the outflow of the dirty water to keep the house safe from moisture & fungus etc. Sunlight & air should be sufficiently available in all parts of the house. There should be lattictel windows & doors. They should always be kept closed.

(b) Kitchen is a vital part of house. Kitchen & the utensils, hearth/gas stove used in the kitchen should be cleaned daily. The eatable food should always be kept covered because flies, worms & cockroaches poison the uncovered food. Stale vegetables, stale food, rotten fruits spread diseases if kept in the kitchen. They should be dropped in the garbage tin with a lid, outside the house. The garbage should not be kept for a long time even outside the house.
PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance 1
(c) Children should not scatter the peels here & there while eating vegetables & fruits etc. They should be put into some utensil & then thrown into the bin.

(d) Proper care should be taken of the cleanliness of the bathrooms. The floor of the bathroom should not remain wet.

Question 3.
Which things should be borne in mind for the cleanliness of the surroundings of the house?
Answer:
Cleanliness of surroundings is also important as such as cleanliness of home. If our home is clean but our surroundings are dirty then we also cause by different diseases. Some steps should be taken to maintain cleanliness of surroundings of the home are as follow-

  • Streets and roads should be cleaned.
  • Water flowing pipes or areas should also be cleaned time-to-time.
  • Do not tie your pets outside the house.
  • Do not throw garbage on the road or in the streets. Put it in the ground to decompose itself.
  • Do not spit on road while walking.
  • Always use washrooms to expell out your waste.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Question 4.
What role can be played by the students in maintaining the .cleanliness of the school?
Answer:
School is a temple. Cleanliness of school is also very important. School is a place in which children spend their lot of time. If we do not maintain our school then children have to fight with so many diseases. So hat’s why it is very important to maintain our schools well. There are some steps to maintain it:

  • Do not throw pieces of papers here & there.
  • Always throw it in the dustbin.
  • Benches, classrooms & doors should be cleaned daily.
  • Always clean washrooms daily.
  • Maintain your water-tank properly.
  • Always clean your playgrounds.

Question 5.
How can the objects of the house be maintained?
Answer:
We also have to take care of things of the house. All the objects of the house should be at proper places, so that there is no difficulty in finding them. Things placed at proper places also look good. They add to the beauty on one hand, save us from many accidents on the other hand.
In winter, we should manage the summer clothes and in summer the winter clothes at home according to the season.

We should sprinkle insecticide on wooden fruniture, windows & doors etc. to make them safe from woodworms. The iron articles which get rusted should be painted from time to time. The glass-made things used in the houses knife, scissors, screw driver, needle, nail cutter, blade, insecticide made to protect wheat, medicines for the sick at home, phenyl, Bottle of acid etc should be placed separately and at safe places so that they may remain out of reach of small children.

Question 6.
Which things should the children keep in their mind to maintain the objects of the school?
Answer:
Every child should take care of the school & its objects. Children should not be damaged’the walls by drawing lines on them. Furniture of the schools should not be damaged. They should not damage the fans, tubelights, the taps of drinking water. They should switch off the electric buttons when not needed. They should not pluck flowers of their garden of school.

They should protect these flowers & beautify the school. Boxes in the library should be placed properly in separate boxes according to the subjects. Students should not tear the pages from the books, newspapers & magazines. They should observe silence while sitting in library.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Guide Hygiene And Maintenance Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How can the cleanliness of the house be maintained?
(A) There should be proper care for the outflow of waste and dirty water.
(B) Everyday clean all rooms of the house.
(C) Keep the water of the house in pot which must have cover
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 2.
Rules for the student in maintaining the cleanliness of school.
(A) Clean the bench and desk everyday.
(B) Don’t throw waste in rooms.
(C) Never prick ink while writing.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 3.
Write the causes of dirty house.
(A) Keep the waste garbage of house at proper place.
(B) Proper arrangement of dirty water of kitchen and bathroom.
(C) Garbage are not properly outlet.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 4.
Where we should construct our house?
(A) Hard and high place.
(B) Have must be away from Railway station, Mandir.
(C) Proper arrangement of air and light.
(D) All. above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Question 5.
Rules of the body cleanliness.
(A) We should take bath everyday with fresh water.
(B) Rub your body after bath with clean towel.
(C) Comb your hair after bath.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is necessary to be cleaned while cleaning your own body?
Answer:
Our house & our surroundings.

Question 2.
Where our house should be placed?
Answer:
At hard and high place.

Question 3.
What will happen if we live in dirty house?
Answer:
Lot of diseases are caused.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Question 4.
Which type of place is required while making house?
Answer:
Deep, Broad and Strong.

Question 5.
What is important in the rooms?
Answer:
Light, air and water.

Question 6.
If we live in dirty, less light and tight houses then what will happen?
Answer:
Then we don’t become fit.

Question 7.
Which things should be away from the house?
Answer:
Railway station and Mandi.

Question 8.
Where we have to place our garbage in house?
Answer:
In a covered dustbins.

Question 9.
Where animals should not be tied?
Answer:
In streets.

Question 10.
What is to be put in water to pure it?
Answer:
Pottasium Permagnet.

Question 11.
By which thing be used to clean the toilets?
Answer:
With Phenyl.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write five steps to maintain the cleanliness of our home.
Answer:

  • We should sprinkle insecticide on wooden furniture, windows & doors to make them safe from woodworms.
  • The iron articles which get rusted should be painted time to time.
  • Always put garbage in the closed dustbins.
  • Clean your washrooms with Phenyl.
  • Clean your rooms daily with Brooms.

Question 2.
Write five steps to clean your schools?
Answer:

  • Classrooms, should be large & airy. There should be proper arrangements of light in classrooms.
  • There should be no dust or dirt in the classroom of the children. The study tables and chairs should be cleaned. Tables and chairs should be cleaned properly before sitting.
  • Pure drinking water should be provided.
  • The meals provided by the school should be pure & balanced.
  • Children should come to school in neat & clean uniform. Teachers should also check the children clothes & cleanliness.

Question 3.
What are the causes of dirt in the house?
Answer:

  • Fruits, vegetables, leaves & other waste materials etc. are not put in a particular place.
  • Washrooms and flushes are not properly built.
  • Family members are not awared about cleanliness.
  • Many members live in small house.
  • Due to large family & many members, proper cleanliness can’t be maintained.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What should be kept in mind while building your home?
Answer:
(A) Situation of a house:

  • House should be built on height & strong floor.
  • House should be built away from factories, railway stations etc.
  • Ways of House is straight & vast.
  • House should be very airy.
  • Neighbours should be friendly.

(B) Construction of house:

  • House should be placed at deep, broad & strong foundation.
  • Floor should be very strong and plain.
  • Net should be placed on window to prevent house flies and mosquitoes from house.
  • Also clean your house daily.
  • Rooms & kitchen should be away from washrooms.
  • There is also a proper arrangement of light.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 2 Hygiene And Maintenance

Question 2.
Write the steps of cleanliness of body.
Answer:

  • Take bath daily with fresh water.
  • Rub your body after bath with clean towel.
  • Take proper head/hair wash.
  • Wear clothes according’ to the climatic conditions.
  • Wash your eyes with cold water.
  • Always brush your teeth twice in a day.
  • Wash your hands before and after meal.
  • Wash your hair with lemon, amla, with best shampoos.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 1 Health Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Physical Education Chapter 1 Health

Physical Education Guide for Class 6 PSEB Health Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
How many kinds are there of health?
Answer:
According to World Health Organisation “Health is a state to complete physical, mental & social well being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Kinds of Health:
1. Physical Health
2. Mental Health
3. Social Health
4. Emotional Health

1. Physical Health:
A physical health is that all organs of the healthy person work properly. His body become active, healthy and ready to do the physical work. His body structure remains beautiful. He looks scout & beautiful. His all systems, circulatory, respiratory, excretory, digestive system work properly.

2. Mental Health:
Mental Health means a person should take right, decision with his mind. His confidence must be remained up. He adjusts himself according to the circumstances.

3. Social Health:
In social health, the relationship of a person describes with his family & society as we know man is a social animal who has to go in hand with his family & society to fulfil his daily needs. He gets respect from his family or society. A person is incomplete without society.

4. Emotional Health:
In a different situation, different type of emotions arise in our mind Fear, Happiness, Anger etc. These emotions require a great balance in our life. So, we can perform our work very well.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 2.
What kind of food should children eat?
Answer:

  • Children should eat balance diet, it must consist of necessary elements, like children should eat pure
  • Balanced diet. It should contain all the necessary elements, like proteins, carbohydrates, oily substance, minerals & water.
  • Wash your hands properly before your meals.
  • They should not take hot & cold water.
  • Children should not take food while watching T.V. or working on computers.
  • They should take food while sitting straight, do not eat it while lying down.
  • Fast food like-Pizza & burger is harmful to health, children should prefer homemade food.
  • The food should be clean from dust & flies.
  • The fruits should be clean & wash properly before eating.

Question 3.
Which things should we take care of to remain healthy?
Answer:
(a) Medical check up:
Children should take medical check up time-to-time. Vaccination is also important. If there is any injury treatment is necessary.

(b) Nature:
Children should lead happy life. Good nature also requires for health. Irritating nature has bad effect on our health.

(c) Habits:
Children should follow the good habits to maintain the health. To wake up, eat, read, play or rest in time. Somebody has rightly said in Punjabi “vele da kam, kuvele diyan takkran.”

(d) Exercise, Games & Yoga:
Children should do exercise and yoga daily to keep themselves fit. Yoga & exercise should be performed empty stomach. Airy & open environment should require. Before participating in any game children should warm up properly.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 4.
Which things should we take care of while eating?
Answer:

  • We should wash hands properly before & after taking meal.
  • We should take balanced diet.
  • Always refrain from fast food and take homemade food.
  • They should not take hot & cold food.
  • Food should be taken according to need & chew it properly.
  • Don’t take food while watching T.V. & working on computer.
  • Don’t eat food while lying down.
  • We should take meal while sitting straight.
  • Fruits should be washed properly before eating.

Question 5.
Write a short note on the following:
1. Cleanliness of the skin
2. Cleanliness of the hair
3. Cleanliness of the eyes
4. Cleanliness of the ears
5. Cleanliness of the nose
6. Cleanliness of the teeth
7. Cleanliness of the nails
Answer:
1. Cleanliness of the skin:
The skin covers all of our body parts and protects them. It is helpful in maintaining our body temperature. It beautifies our body. If we neglect the cleanliness of our skin, then skin pores will be blocked with dust particles, due to which unwanted & harmful elements do not exit our body & many kinds of skin diseases develop.

2. Cleanliness of the hair:
Long hair add charm to one’s beauty. Balanced diet contributes a lot to make the hairs beautiful & strong. Hair should be combed daily with a clean comb. The hairs should be dried properly after washing. Let lice not be developed. Lice do not develop if you want your hair keep clean and healthy.

3. Cleanliness of the Eyes:
Eyes are more sensitive part of the body. We cannot enjoy scenic beauty of nature without eyes. Therefore, care of eyes is very necessary, wash your eyes 2-3 times daily with cold water. Protect your eyes from dizzling light. Sunglasses should be used while going out in the sun.
PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health 1
4. Cleanliness of the Ears:
Cleanliness of ears is equally impotant as of the other orgAnswer: The ear drums of our ears are very delicate. We should not insert any sharp thing inside the ear, as it can tear the ear drum. Do not listen music on mobile while putting head phone.

5. Cleanliness of the Nose:
We breathe through nostrils & mouth, but breathing through nostrils is useful. Breathing through nostrils makes the inhaled air pure & in accordance with the body temperature when it enters the body. Nose works as a filter. The tiny hair in the opening of the nose like filter hold the dust particles & germs in them. If any tiny particle does not get stuck in these tiny hair of the nose, it sticks to the inner side of the nose. In this way the nose purifies the air that goes to our lungs. We should clean our nose also while breathing.

6. Cleanliness of the teeth:
Teeth help us in chewing the food. Chewed food is good for digestion. We should daily brush our teeth in morning. Always gargle properly after eating anything, so that no food particle should be left stuck in teeth. Teeth start becoming hollow inside which results in the weakning of teeth.
PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health 2
7. Cleanliness of the Nails:
Cleanliness of nails of hands & feet is also very important like other parts of body. Dirt gets stuck in long grown nails. As a result of it enters our body while eating. That is why we should wash our hands & feet properly. Nails should be pared once or twice in a week.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 6.
Write about five healthy habits to maintain good health.
Answer:

  • Always take balanced diet and fresh food.
  • Internal organs of our body like lungs. We should know the complete knowledge of all organs.
  • Take proper sleep according to your age.
  • Always take medical check up time-to-time.
  • We should exercise & stall according to the age.
  • Always inhale from nose.
  • Always live in fresh air.
  • We should wear the clothes according to the seasons.
  • Always remain happy.
  • Always keep standing posture, sitting & walking posture.
  • Always wear neat & clean clothes.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Guide Health Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Write the types of health.
(A) Physical health
(B) Mentle health
(C) Emotional health
(D) All mentioned above.
Answer:
(D) All mentioned above.

Question 2.
Which type of foods you will provide to the children?
(A) Balanced diet
(B) Clean the hands before taking meals.
(C) Don’t take food very hot.
(D) All mentioned above.
Answer:
(D) All mentioned above.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 3.
Which things be born in mind to lead healthy life?
(A) Medical check-up
(B) Good habits
(C) Exercise, games & yoga
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 4.
How you will keep your skin clean?
(A) Taking bath with fresh water everyday.
(B) You must go toilet before bath.
(C) Don’t take bath after taking meal.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 5.
How you will clean your teeth?
(A) Keep your teeth clean early morning and sleeping at night with brush.
(B) Don’t take very hot milk or tea.
(C) Never prick the teeth with iron stick.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 6.
Write the rules of personal hygiene.
(A) Clean and Balanced diet
(B) Inhale with nose
(C) Always be happy
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 7.
How you will clean your hair when hair fell the clutch of dandruff?
(A) Take 250 gram fresh water and pour borik of one spoon and wash your hair.
(B) Use coconut oil in hair.
(C) Use glycerine with lemon in hair.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What we should call the Science which give us knowledge of health?
Answer:
Personal Health Hygiene.

Question 2.
Where the healthy mind lives?
Answer:
In Healthy Body.

Question 3.
If we do not clean the skin properly which diseases are caused?
Answer:
Internal & External diseases.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 4.
What parts of eyes are called in our body?
Answer:
Soft and costless.

Question 5.
What we should do in a day to clean the eyes?
Answer:
Wash it with cold water.

Question 6.
What we should do daily to clean our teeth?
Answer:
Brush or Datun.

Question 7.
How for we should keep the eyes from books?
Answer:
30 cm or 1 feet.

Question 8.
If we do not clean the teeth then what will happen?
Answer:
Pyorrhoea.

Question 9.
What should we do to clean the skin daily?
Answer:
Taking bath.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 10.
What type of clothes we should wear after bath?
Answer:
Neat & Clean.

Question 11.
Do, we read books while sitting on train or bus?
Answer:
No.

Question 12.
What thing is not used to clean our ears?
Answer:
Pen or sharp objects.

Question 13.
If anything enters in our eye then what we should do?
Answer:
Do not rub your eyes.

Question 14.
Which posture is harmful for us to study?
Answer:
Lying down or bending while sitting.

Question 15.
In which disease we should have to give more attention to the child?
Answer:
Chicken pox.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 16.
Which part of our mouth is safe to respirate?
Answer:
Nose.

Question 17.
If teeth are not present in our mouth then what would happened?
Answer:
Our Taste will end.

Question 18.
In which stage permanent teeth will grow in a child’s mouth?
Answer:
6 to 12 years.

Question 19.
If dust is collected in our ears then which thing is used to clean it?
Answer:
Hydrogen Peroxide.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 20.
By which things nails should not be cut?
Answer:
With mouth.

Question 21.
If peek is collected in our ears then how should we clean it?
Answer:
By using Boric Acid Or Glycerine.

Question 22.
How we can cut our growing nails?
Answer:
By using nail cutter.

Question 23.
The hair present in our nose work as a?
Answer:
Net.

Question 24.
Beautiful hair make a lady?
Answer:
Attractive.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give five steps to live healthy?
Answer:

  • Eat neat & clean food.
  • Always respiratef through nose.
  • Take proper sleep.
  • Always be happy.
  • Take regular medical check-up.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 2.
Why should we always respirate through nose?
Answer:
We always respirate through nose because small hairs-are present in our nose. When we respire with oxygen we also inhale a lot of impurities. These hair catch that impurities in it & fresh air passes to wind pipe. If we take breath through mouth then the impurities also enter in our lungs through wind pipe, it causes many diseases in our body.

Question 3.
If we do not clean our skin then what will happen?
Answer:
Skin makes safe our internal body organs. If we do not clean skin then skin pores will be blocked with dust particles, due to which unwanted and harmful elements do not exit our body and many diseases develop.

Question 4.
How we prevent dandruff present in our hair?
Answer:
If dandruff is present in our hair then take 250 gms water put one spoon of Boric Powder, mix it well and wash your hair with it. After washing your hairs put coconut oil in it. It is always prevented by Glyerine or lemon.

Question 5.
Why it is important to clean our teeths?
Answer:
Teeths are the important part of our body. If our teeths damages then heart also. Our mouth also releases bad smell. A person can also make irritate others. It also causes a disease named Pyorrhoea. That’s why it is important to clean our teeth well.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why it is important to clean our hair? How we can clean them?
Answer:
Long hair add charm to one’s beauty. Long and beautiful hair make our body beautiful and attractive. If we don’t give proper care to hair then they become weaker and falling down. They causes with dandruff and some more diseases can also cause. So, that’s why it is important to clean our hair. We should clean our hairs by following these steps-

  • Comb your hair before sleeping at night.
  • Properly comb your hair with clean comb.
  • Comb them daily at morning also.
  • Do not use sharp pins in your hair.
  • Do not leave your hair more oily and more rough.
    PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health 3
  • Always take proper hair wash & after washing it rub it with clean towel.
  • Wash your hair with Egg, Amla, Curd, Soap or Shampoo of better . company. In summer in one week wash your hair atleast for 2 times and in winter atleast one time.
  • Sometimes also put some coconut oil in your hair.
  • In your daily food eat, butter, cheese, salad, green vegetables & fruits.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 2.
What is called Personal Hygiene?
Answer:
To take care of your body is called personal hygiene. It is made of two words-Personal and Hygiene. Personal is a English word which means Self and Hygiene is a European word Hygienous which means without diseases. Now-a-day it means life test. To prevent from diseases there is compulsory to have a knowledge about personal health.

Personal hygiene is that part which gives the knowledge to maintain ourself. By this education we know about environment, its causes & prevention also. By this knowledge we also physically & mentally developed. The importance of health of a person is like a fragrance of flowers. To live healthy personal hygiene helps us a lot. It is that branch by which we get the knowledge about the rules of disease free life.

Question 3.
What rules are followed to science of personal hygiene?
Answer:

  • Always take fresh food.
  • Take proper knowledge about internal and external parts of our body.
  • Take proper sleep according to your age.
  • Take proper medical check up time-to-time.
  • Do exercise daily.
  • Always respirate through nose.
  • Take breath in open air.
  • Wear clothes according to climatic conditions.
  • Always be happy.
  • Always stand, sit & walk in a good posture.

Question 4.
Write the harmful effects of dirty hair.
Answer:
If we do not take proper care of our hair then it causes a lot of problems which are as follows-
1. Dandruff: Dandruff takes place at rough hair. They cause due to dust particles and soap.

2. Treatment:
If there a lot of dandruff is present in your hair then take 250 gms water and one spoon of Boric powder mix it well and wash your head with this mixture. Before washing your hair massage your hair with coconut oil. It is also prevented by glycerine as well as lemon. It is also prevented with the usage of amla.

3. Lice:
If we do not give proper attention to hair then lice grow in our hair. One louse gives 300 eggs at one time. After two weeks these eggs break and they start growing. Except daily cleanliness some suggestions are also there to prevent from lice; these are-

  • Do not use others comb, handkerchief, cap, turban etc.
  • Do not lie down your head on seat of bus, cinema hall on chair.
  • Use clean comb. Try to place the comb at dust free area in clean box.

4. Falling of hair:
If we don’t take proper care of hairs then they start falling down. To prevent from these give proper attention to your hair. Always take proper balance diet and use shampoo of good company.

5. Change in Colour:
If we do not take proper balanced diet then our hair become white before old age. If we want to prevent it then eat well balanced diet, and clean your body daily.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 5.
Why hair of our nose are advantageous for us?
Answer:
We breathe through nose and mouth, but breathing through nose is useful. Breathing through nose makes the inhaled air pure and in accordance with the body temperature when it enters the body. Nose works as a filter. The short hair in the opening of the nose like a filter held the dust particles and germ in them. If any tiny particle does not get stuck in these tiny hair of the nose, it sticks to the inner side of the nose. In this way the nose hair purifies the air that goes to our lungs. We should clean our nose also while bathing. This results in protecting our body from many diseases. So, that’s why hair of nostrils are more advantageous.

Question 6.
How we clean our feet?
Answer:

  • It is also important to clean our feet as same as our body. During bath we also have to wash & clean our feet and spaces between our fingers of foots.
  • Always wear neat and clean socks.
  • Before sleep at night we should also have to wash our feet and properly rubbed with towel.
  • Always wear slippers & shoes of your own size.
  • Do not move without slippers.
  • Cut your nails of feet at proper time.
  • Sometimes massage your feet with oil or glycerine.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 1 Health

Question 7.
How should we dean our hands?
Answer:

  • Always wash your hands with soap after and before taking meal.
  • Always keep your hands soft and clean.
  • Massage your hands with cream or glycerine.
  • Wash your hands with clean water. By which we can prevent it from a lot of diseases.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India – In World

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 6 Our India – In World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 6 Our India – In World

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Our India – In World Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
Which latitude divides India into two parts? Name the two parts.
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer (23°30′ N) divides India into two parts. The northern part is called Sub-tropical India and the Southern part is known as Tropical India.

Question 2.
Name the neighbouring countries of India.
Answer:
India has seven countries as her neighbours. They are Pakistan, Afghanistan, China, Nepal, Bhutan, Myanmar and Bangladesh.

Question 3.
Write down the. latitudinal and longitudinal location of India.
Answer:
The latitudinal location of India is 8°4′ N to 37°6′ N and the longitudinal location is 67°7′ E to 97°25′ E.

Question 4.
Why is India called a sub-continent?
Answer:
India is called a sub-continent because she has a great longitudinal and latitudinal length. She stands out’distinctly from the rest of the countries of the world.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 5.
Into how many States and Union Territories India is divided from administrative point of view?
Answer:
From administrative point of view, India is divided info 28 States and 8 Union Territories.

Question 6.
Write down the names of the three seas or oceans that engulf the Indian Peninsula.
Answer:
The Indian Peninsula is engulfed by the Indian Ocean, the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal.

II. Fill in the blanks in the following :

Question 1.
_______ state is the lrgest state of India.
Answer:
Rajasthan

Question 2.
_______ is the smallest state of India.
Answer:
Goa

Question 3.
Indira Point is the _______ point of India.
Answer:
southernmost

Question 4.
From Kashmir to _______ India is one.
Answer:
Kanyakumari

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 5.
Arunachal Pradesh is in _______ part of India.
Answer:
eastern.

III. Make proper pairs:

Question 1.

A B
(i) Andaman and Nicobar (i) Our eastern neighbour
(ii) Maldives (ii) Southern neighbour
(iii) Myanmar (iii) Indian Island Group
(iv) Sri Lanka (iv) Connected through oceanic boundary

Answer:

A B
(i) Andaman and Nicobar (iii) Indian Island Group
(ii) Maldives (ii) Southern neighbour
(iii) Myanmar (i) Our eastern neighbour
(iv) Sri Lanka (iv) Connected through oceanic boundary

Activity (Something To Do)

Question 1.
Name two main port cities which are also capital cities.
Answer:
Mumbai and Chennai.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 2.
Name three capital cities that are located fairly close to the tropic of cancer.
Answer:

  1. Gandhinagar
  2. Bhopal
  3. Ranchi.

Question 3.
Name five states from West to East.
Answer:

  1. Gujarat
  2. Madhya Pradesh
  3. Jharkhand
  4. West Bengal
  5. Tripura.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World 1

Area, Population And Density Of States And Union Territories (2011):
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World 2
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World 3
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World 4
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World 5

Based upon the Survey of India map, with the permission of the Surveyor General of India. The territorial waters of India extend into the sea to a distance of twelve nautical miles measured from the appropriate baseline. The boundary of Meghalaya shown on this map is as interpreted from the North-Eastern Areas (Reorganisation) Act. 1971, but has yet to be verified. Responsibility for the correctness of internal details shown on the map rests with the publisher.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Our India – In World Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which of the following is the exact north-south extent of India?
(A) 2933 km
(B) 3214 km
(Q 2930 km
(D) 3014 km
Answer:
(B) 3214 km.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 2.
Which of the following is the southernmost tip of the mainland?
(A) Kanyakumari
(B) Indira point
(Q J&K
(D) Malabar.
Answer:
(A) Kanyakumari.

Question 3.
How many islands lie in the Bay of Bengal?
(A) 250
(B) 204
(C) 205
(D) 206.
Answer:
(B) 204.

Question 4.
Which one of the following longitudes is the standard meridian for India?
(A) 69° 30’ E
(B) 82° 30’ E
(C) 75° 30’ E
(D) 90° 30’ E.
Answer:
(B) 82° 30’ E.

Question 5.
Which one of the following countries is larger in area than India?
(A) China
(B) Egypt
(C) France
(D) Iron.
Answer:
(A) China.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
_______ separates as India from Sri Lanka.
Answer:
Palk Strait

Question 2.
_______ is the smallest state of India.
Answer:
Goa

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 3.
Lakshadweep is the _______ U.T.
Answer:
Smallest

Question 4.
_______ is the southernmost point of India.
Answer:
Indira point

Question 5.
_______ separates the Andaman Islands from the Nicobar Islands.
Answer:
Ten-degree channel.

True/False :

Question 1.
India has four physiographic units.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Ahmedabad is located on Tropic of Cancer.
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 3.
Fifteen states are coastal states of India.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
International boundaries of 7 countries touch India.
Answer:
True.

Question 5.
Lakshadweep is a group of coral islands.
Answer:
True.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the Indian states having common frontiers with China.
Answer:
J&K, Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 2.
Between which latitudes and longitudes the Indian sub-continent lies?
Answer:
Between 8° N To 37° N latitude and 68°E to 97° E longitudes.

Question 3.
Name the major rivers of India which constitute the North Indian Plain.
Answer:
The major rivers of India constituting the North Indian Plain are the Sutlej, Ganga and Brahmaputra.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 4.
Name five major hill ranges constituting the Purvanchal.
Answer:
Five major hill ranges constituting the Purvanchal are Patkoi Bum, Garo, Khasi, Jaintia and Lushai.

Question 5.
Why are the Himalayas called young mountains?
Answer:
The Himalayas are called young mountains because they have been formed recently in world history.

Question 6.
Which is the largest delta in the world?
Answer:
The Ganga-Brahmaputra Delta is the largest delta in the world.

Question 7.
Which strait separates India from Sri Lanka?
Answer:
Palk Strait separates India from Sri Lanka.

Question 8.
Name the largest and the smallest Union Territories in area.
Answer:
Andaman and Nicobar is the largest and Lakshadweep is the smallest in terms of area.

Question 9.
What is the length and breadth of the Himalayas?
Answer:
The length of the Himalayas is 3600 km and breadth is 150 to 400 km.

Question 10.
Name three ranges of the Himalayas.
Answer:
Three ranges of the Himalayas are the Shiwaliks, Himachal (Lesser Himalayas) and the Himadris (Greater Himalayas).

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 11.
What are dunes? Give one example.
Answer:
The longitudinal valleys between the Shiwaliks and Lesser Himalayas are called dunes. For example, Dehradun.

Question 12.
Name some famous hill stations found in Himachal ranges.
Answer:
Dalhousie, Shimla, Mussoorie, Nainital and Darjeeling are some famous hill stations found in Himachal ranges.

Question 13.
Name the highest mountain peak of the world.
Answer:
Mt. Everest is the highest mountain peak of the world. Its height is 8848 metres.

Question 14.
Name the highest mountain peak of the Himalayas in India.
Answer:
The highest mountain peak of the Himalayas in India is Kanchanjunga (Sikkim).

Question 15.
Name the plateaus in Central Highlands.
Answer:
Malwa, Bundelkhand, Baghelkhand and Chhotanagpur.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 16.
Name the main ranges of Western Ghats.
Answer:
Sahyadri, Nilgiris, Annamalai and Cardamom hills.

Question 17.
Name a group of coral islands.
Answer:
The Lakshadweep Islands.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the island groups in Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
The Arabian Sea has Lakshadweep Group of Islands and the Bay of Bengal has Andaman Group of Islands and Nicobar Group of Islands. India has almost a total of 250 islands, out of which 204 lie in the Bay of Bengal.

Question 2.
What is a sub-continent?
Answer:
A sub-continent is a part of continent, an independent geographical unit, distinctly separated from the main continent.

Question 3.
Write a short note on the Himalayas.
Answer:
The Himalayas are young fold mountains. They have been formed due to folding by different earth movements. Parallel mountain ranges are formed in these mountains. These mountains are the loftiest mountain system of the world. The highest mountain peak Mt. Everest (8848 mt.) lies in the Himalayas. These mountains extend in an arc. Here, deep gorges anc U-shaped valleys are formed.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 4.
Distinguish Shiwaliks from Greater Himalayas.
Answer:

Shivalik Greater Himalayas
1. Shiwaliks are called Outer Himalayas. 1. Greater Himalayas are called Himadris.
2. These mountains have an average height of about 1200 metres. 2. These mountains have an average height of about 6000 metres.
3. These consist of loose unconsolidated sediments. 3. These consist of the highest peaks like Mt. Everest.

Question 5.
Describe the boundaries of India.
Answer:
Boundaries of India.

  • India is a country of vast geographical expanse.
  • It is bounded by the mighty Himalayas in the north.
  • Arabian sea bounds it in the west.
  • Bay of Bengal forms its boundary in the east.
  • Indian ocean bounds it in the south.

Question 6.
How is India a country of vast geographical expanse?
Answer:

  • India has an area of about 32.8 crore hectares.
  • Its north-south extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is about 3200 kms.
  • It extends east-west from Arunachal Pradesh to Kutchh over 2900 kms.
  • The lofty mountains, the Thar desert, the Northern plains, Peninsular Plateau, east and west coasts and islands present a diversity of land forms.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 7.
How does unity in diversity exist in India?
Answer:
(a) There is a great variety in climate, vegetation, wildlife as well as language and culture in India.
(b) In this diversity there is unity. It is reflected in traditions that bind us as one nation.
(c) India has a population of 1.22 billion crore according to the Census of 2011.
(d) It is the second-most populous country of the world after China.

Question 8.
Write any four features of the Ganga Basin.
Answer:
The Ganga basin is a part of northern plains. It lies at the foot of the Himalayas. It is an alluvium plain formed by the deposition of sediments brought from the Himalayas by rivers. It is a flat lowland. It has fertile alluvial soils, namely Khadar and Bangar. These soils have led to the development of agriculture. The basin has been divided into many Doabs.

Question 9.
Name the major rivers of Peninsular India.
Answer:
Some rivers of Peninsular India flow eastward into the Bay of Bengal. These are Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri. Some rivers flow westward into the Arabian Sea. These rivers include Narmada and Tapti.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the Northern Plains of India.
Answer:
The Northern Plains of India are a region of a vast alluvial plain. This region extends from Punjab-Haryana Plains to Assam Valley. It is 3200 km long and 150 to 300 km wide. Its average height is 150 metres. It covers an area of 7.5 lakh sqvkm.

It can be divided into the following parts :
1. The Punjab-Haryana Plains. These plains owe their origin to the depositional work of the Sutlej, the Beas and the Ravi rivers. This is a uniform and flat plain and is formed by the Indus and its five tributaries. Due to creation of international border between India and Pakistan in 1947, greater part of it went to Pakistan. To the other side, due to the rise of surface near Delhi, the Yamuna has started flowing towards east. Delhi and its surrounding area work as a water divide between the Ganga and Indus River Drainage System.

The interfluves formed on the basis of river boundaries can be divided into four sub-divisions :

  • Bari Doab or Majha: Area between the Ravi and the Beas is known as Bari Doab or the Majha plain in Punjab.
  • Bist Doab: Area between the Beas and the Sutlej is called Bist Doab or the Doaba plain in Punjab.
  • Malwa: Plain area spreading from the Satluj to the Ghaggar is called Malwa Plain in Punjab.
  • Plain of Haryana: Area from the Ghaggar to the Yamuna is known as Plain of Haryana.

2. The Thar Desert Plain. The drier and the flat area extending from the southern parts of Punjab and Haryana to the Rann of Kuchchh of Gujarat is known as the Thar Desert. The Aravali mountain ranges form its eastern boundary. Due to the scarcity of rain, whole of the region has become sand-duned. In the Barmer District sand-dunes are 50 to 100 metres high. In whole of this dry region the action of wind is very fast. Westward along the Aravalis, there are fertile plains, called Rohi. There are many salt lakes like Samber lake.

3. The Ganga Plain. This plain is spread over the states of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar, extending from the Yamuna in the west to the international boundary of Bangladesh in east and the Shiwaliks in the north. This vast and fertile plain is important from the historic, agricultural and dense population point of view. The main rivers of this plain are the Ganga, the Yamuna, the Ramganga, the Chambal, the Betwa, the Kali and the Pandu.

4. The Brahmputra Plain. These plains are also called the Assam plains. The Brahmputra, Sesari, Dibang and Lohit are the rivers of this plain.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 6 Our India - In World

Question 2.
Explain the Indian islands.
Answer:
India has almost a total of 250 islands. On the basis of their location, these islands are divided into two main sub-divisions :

  1. Offshore Islands
  2. Onshore Islands.

1. Offshore Islands.: These islands are further divided into two :
(a) The Island Group of the Arabian Sea. Formed with the deposit of coral reefs in the South-eastern Arabian Sea these islands are known as Lakshadweep. They are 25 in number. The whole group has three major parts. The northern part is named as Amindive, the middle as Laccadive and the southern as Minicoy.

(b) The Island Group of the Bay of Bengal. Some of these islands are made up by volcanic eruption and some are the raised parts of the peaks of sub-merged hills.

These islands also have three main parts :

  1. Andaman Island Group,
  2. Nicobar,
  3. Other Adjoining Islands.

There are about 120 islands in the Andaman Group of Islands. Indira Point island of Nicobar is the southernmost point of India.

2. Onshore Islands. In these islands near the delta of Ganges, small islands such as Wheeler, New Moor, etc. are found. Some islands are found near the coast of Tamil Nadu. Big islands like Diu are situated near the coast of Gujarat.

In Khambat and Rann of Kutchchh, islands of various sizes are found.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB How Maps Help Us Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
What is Lithosphere?
Answer:
The realm of the earth consisting of rocks, stones, and soil, etc. is called the lithosphere.

Question 2.
Name the main landforms of the earth.
Answer:
The main landforms of the earth are mountains, plateaus, and plains.

Question 3.
How all the realms of earth affect each other?
Answer:
All the realms of the earth are inter-related with each other. Any change in one realm affects the other realms also. For example, felling of trees may lead to washing off the soil cover. This may increase silting in the river beds and ultimately leads to flooding of the rivers.

Question 4.
What is mountain range?
Answer:
A mountain range is a group of very high hills usually forming a long chain.

Question 5.
Name the important plateaus of the world.
Answer:
The important plateaus of the world are :

  • The Deccan Plateau in India,
  • Appalachian Plateau in North America,
  • Plateau of Central Africa,
  • Tibetan Plateau.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 6.
How the atmosphere helps the life system to live?
Answer:
The air envelope surrounding the ea^th is called the atmosphere. The air is a .mixture of gases such as nitrogen, oxygen and carbon dioxide. The air near the earth’s surface has a fairly constant proportion of these gases, i.e. nitrogen -78%, oxygen – 21% and other gases – one per cent by volume. Oxygen may be regarded as the breath of life, for without it life would not be possible. Nitrogen alone cannot support life but it helps in the growth of living organisms. Carbon dioxide and water help plants to grow. In its lower parts, the atmosphere contains water vapour, which gives us rain and snow.

Question 7.
Which landform is called tablelands, and why?
Answer:
Plateaus are called tablelands. They are called so because their shape is like that of a table.

Question 8.
What is the importance of the Hydrosphere to man?
Answer:
The Hydrosphere consists of oceans, seas, rivers, lakes and other water bodies. All the water bodies are quite necessary for the existence of life on this earth. Without water, life is impossible.

Question 9.
What is meant by a continent?
Answer:
A continent is a large separated landmass surrounded by an ocean or watermass.

Question 10.
How many continents are there on the earth? Name them. Which is the largest continent?
Answer:
There are seven continents on the earth. They are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia. Of these seven continents, Asia is the largest continent.

Question 11.
Write the names of the oceans; Also tell by which colour these oceans are represented on the Globe.
Answer:
There are four oceans on the earth. In order of their size they are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean. On the Globe, these oceans are represented in blue colour.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 12.
What is Biosphere? Give brief explanation regarding this.
Answer:
There is a very narrow zone on the earth where land, water and air come in contact with each other. This is called Biosphere. All the living things such as plants, animals and human beings, exist only in the biosphere.

Question 13.
Why is Northern Hemisphere called land sphere and Southern Hemisphere is called water sphere?
Answer:
Northern Hemisphere has more landmass than the watermass, while in the Southern Hemisphere the watermass is more than the landmass. This is the reason why Northern Hemisphere is called land sphere and Southern Hemisphere is known as water sphere.

Question 14.
Being an important inmate of the Biosphere, what precautionary steps are to be taken by man?
Answer:
Being an inmate of the Biosphere, the following precautionary steps are to be taken by man

  • Man must check the growth of human population so that the burden on the biosphere is reduced.
  • He must use natural resources carefully so that the biosphere is kept clean.
  • He must control the pollution of air, water and land so that the biosphere is not affected.
  • He should adopt the principle of live and let live. He should not hunt animals.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
_________ is the smallest continent of the world.
Answer:
Australia

Question 2.
_________ is the second biggest continent.
Answer:
Africa

Question 3.
Arctic Ocean has encircled Pole.
Answer:
North

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 4.
Southern Ocean has encircled _________ continent.
Answer:
Antarctica

Question 5.
2/3rd of the Earth is covered by _________
Answer:
water

Question 6.
_________ continent is called white continent.
Answer:
Antarctica

Question 7.
_________ realm is affected by the three realms of the Earth.
Answer:
Biosphere.

III. Make pairs of the following :

Question 1.

A B
1. Continent (i) the Arctic
2. Landform (ii) Biosphere
3. Life (iii) Antarctica
4. Ocean (iv) Plateau

Answer:

A B
1. Continent (iii) Antarctica
2. Landform (iv) Plateau
3. Life (ii) Biosphere
4. Ocean (i) Arctic

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Realms of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Thick blue line on map is usually used to show :
(A) Electricity power station
(B) Stream
(C) River
(D) Dam.
Answer:
(c) River.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 2.
The hard top layer of the earth is called :
(A) Lithosphere
(B) Hydrosphere
(C) Biosphere
(D) Atmosphere.
Answer:
(A) Lithosphere.

Question 3.
Which of the following is not a main gas of air?
(A) Nitrogen
(B) Oxygen
(C) Nitric
(D) Carbondioxide.
Answer:
(C) Nitric.

Question 4.
Which one of the following is a deeper ocean?
(A) Pacific
(B) Atlantic
(C) Arctic
(D) Indian.
Answer:
(A) Pacific.

Question 5.
An irregular surface with various landforms is :
(A) Hydrosphere
(B) Biosphere
(C) Lithosphere
(D) Atmosphere.
Answer:
(C) Lithosphere.

Question 6.
A large area of continuous land rising above sea level is called :
(A) Continent
(B) Ocean
(C) Plain
(D) Plateau.
Answer:
(A) Continent.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
About _________ of earth surface is covered by water.
Answer:
70%

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 2.
There are _________ continents in the world.
Answer:
Seven

Question 3.
_________ is a mixture of gases.
Answer:
Atmosphere

Question 4.
_________ is the realm of water.
Answer:
Hydrosphere,

Question 5.
_________ and _________ two continents lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.
Answer:
Australia, Antarctica.

True/False :

Question 1.
The Indian Ocean is named after a country.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Shape of the Pacific Ocean is triangular.
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Air moves from Low pressure to high pressure.
Answer:
False.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 4.
Carbon dioxide is an important gas of air.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Europe lies to the west of North America.
Answer:
False.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which two continents are spread on both sides of the equator?
Answer:
Africa and South America are spread on both sides of the equator.

Question 2.
Name the highest plateau in the world.
Answer:
Tibet Plateau is the highest plateau in the world.

Question 3.
Which continent is known as the island continent?
Answer:
Australia is known as the island continent.

Question 4.
Which is the busiest ocean from the viewpoint of trade and commerce?
Answer:
The Atlantic Ocean is the busiest ocean from the view-point of trade and commerce.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 5.
Name the canal separating Africa from Asia.
Answer:
The Suez Canal separates Africa from Asia.

Question 6.
In which ocean does the deepest trench called Mariana Trench lie?
Answer:
Mariana Trench lies in the Pacific Ocean.

Question 7.
In which hemisphere does Asia lie?
Answer:
Asia lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 8.
Which strait connects the Arctic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean?
Answer:
Berring Strait connects the Arctic Ocean with the Pacific Ocean.

Question 9.
Name the mountains that separate Asia and Europe.
Answer:
Ural mountains separate Asia and Europe.

Question 10.
In which hemisphere does North America lie?
Answer:
North America lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 11.
Which are the highest mountain ranges in the world?
Answer:
The Himalayas are the highest mountain ranges in the world.

Question 12.
What is the Southern Ocean?
Answer:
The extension of the Pacific Ocean, the Altantic Ocean and Indian Ocean around Antarctica is called the Southern Ocean.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 13.
Name the ocean which is named after a country.
Answer:
The Indian Ocean is named after a country, namely India.

Question 14.
Which gas is known as the ‘life breath’?
Answer:
Oxygen is known as the ‘life breath’.

Question 15.
What is soil erosion?
Answer:
The washing off the upper layer of soil is called soil erosion.

Question 16.
What is an island?
Answer:
An island is a small landmass surrounded by water.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the earth called a unique planet?
Answer:
The earth is the only planet in the Solar System which has life on it. No other planet is said to have life. That is why the earth is called a unique planet.

Question 2.
Why is the earth called a watery planet?
Answer:
71 per cent of the earth is covered by water, while 29 per cent of it is covered by land. Since two-third of the earth’s surface is covered by water, we call it a watery planet.

Question 3.
Why does the level of sea water remain the same everywhere?
Answer:
All the oceans of the world are connected with one another. Therefore, the level of sea water remains the same everywhere.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 4.
What is the average height of the continents and the average depth of the oceans?
Answer:
The average height of the continents is only about 700 metres above sea level, while the average depth of the oceans is about 4000 metres.

Question 5.
What is meant by continents? Explain their importance.
Answer:
Continents are large separated landmasses which are surrounded by oceans or watermasses.

Importance of Continents:

  • Their soil is used for agricultural as well as plantation purposes.
  • Minerals are mined from them.
  • They are a base for human activities and dwelling places of human beings and animals.

Question 6.
What is a plain? How are plains formed?
Answer:
A plain is a relatively flat stretch of land that is not very high above sea level.
Most of the plains are formed by the material brought by the rivers flowing down the mountains.

Question 7.
Name the major mountain systems of the world.
Answer:
Rockies in North America, Andes in South America, Himalayas in Asia, Atlas in Africa, Alps in Europe and Great Dividing Range of Australia are the major mountain systems of the world.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe in detail the oceans of the world.
Answer:
There are four oceans of the world. They are the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean and the Arctic Ocean.
1. The Pacific Ocean: It is the largest of all the oceans. It separates Asia and Australia from North America. It covers about one third of the area of the earth. This is larger than all the continents put together. The deepest trench of the world Mariana Trench lies in this ocean. It, on one side, extends upto North America and South America and on the other side, extends upto Asia and Australia.

2. The Atlantic Ocean: The Atlantic Ocean is the second largest ocean. It is situated between North America and South America on the one side and Europe and Africa on the other side. It is the busiest ocean in the world. All the important sea routes pass through this ocean. There are many important harbours on its coastline. North America and Europe make it very important for trade and commerce.

3. The Indian Ocean: It is the only ocean that is named after a country i.e. India. It is surrounded by three continents : Asia in the north, Africa in the west and Australia in the east. In ancient times, the trade and commerce of India was mainly done through this ocean.

4. The Arctic Ocean: It is the smallest ocean in the world. It encircles the North Pole. It lies within the Arctic Circle. Bering Straits- connects it with the Pacific Ocean. It is bounded by Russia, Scandinavia, Greenland, Canada, and Alaska. It remains covered with snow most of the year.

5. The Southern Ocean: Antarctica, the Pacific, and the Indian oceans merge together in the Southern Hemisphere. This vast ocean is called the Southern Ocean. It surrounds the continents of Antarctica. It also remains covered with snow most of the year.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 5 Realms of the Earth

Question 2.
Describe the area of different continents.
Answer:
There are seven continents in the world.

S. No. Continent Area Sq. km. (Million) Area of the total land in %
1. Asia 41.6 29.5
2. Africa 29.8 20.0
3. North America 24.3 16.3
4. South America 17.5 11.3
5. Europe 9.6 6.5
6. Antarctica 14.2 9.6
7. Australia 7.6 5.2

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB How Maps Help Us Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
What is a map?
Answer:
A map is the representation of the earth or a portion of the earth, drawn to a scale on a flat surface.

Question 2.
What is a Globe?
Answer:
A Globe is a true representation of the earth or a model of the earth.

Question 3.
Write the difference between a Map and a Globe.
Answer:

A Map A Globe
1. A map is the representation of the earth’s surface or a part of it on a flat surface according to a scale. 1. A globe is the true model of the earth. It shows the earth in its true shape. It is a correct replica of the round shape of the earth.
2. A map is convenient to handle. It is very easy to carry a map from one place to the other. 2. A globe is not convenient to handle. We find it difficult to carry a Globe from one place to the other.
3. Every feature can be shown in detail in a map. 3. Every feature cannot be shown in detail on a globe.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 4.
Why were maps made? Give their importance.
Answer:
Undoubtedly, a Globe is a true model of the earth. But globes occupy a lot of space and they are difficult to be carried everywhere. A need was felt to carry something handy, something that can be carried in one’s pocket and also included in a book. So maps were made.

Importance of Maps:

  • Maps help us in learning the different aspects of Geography.
  • They show us the position of the places in relation to latitudes and longitudes that are drawn on the map.
  • They help us in locating the distance from one place to another, time and location.
  • They help us in locating the trade centres, routes, slope of the land, rivers, etc.
  • They are used by the government for administrative purposes.
  • They guide the travellers and also are useful for the army.

Question 5.
Enlist the different types of maps.
Answer:
The different types of maps are:

  1. Physical maps,
  2. Historical maps,
  3. Distributional maps,
  4. Topographical maps,
  5. Atlas maps,
  6. Wall maps.

Question 6.
What are the pillars of maps and why?
Answer:
Distance, direction and conventional signs are the pillars of maps. These are also known as the most essential components of maps. These are the pillars of maps because, without knowledge of them, we won’t be able to read the map correctly.

Question 7.
What do you understand by the conventional symbols?
Answer:
It is not possible to show on the map the actual shape of features such as a building, a well or a tree. So symbols are used to represent various features in maps. With their help, it is easier and quicker to read and understand the maps. They also make the map clearer and easier to be read. As there has been a common agreement all over the world regarding the use of these symbols, they are called conventional symbols.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 8.
Make a chart of the conventional symbols.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us 1

Question 9.
In coloured maps, with which colour we show mountains, uplands, plains, rivers, forest and snow-covered hills.
Answer:

Physical Features Colour
1. Mountains Brown
2. Uplands Yellow
3. Plains Green
4. Rivers Blue
5. Forest Green
6. Snow covered Hills White

Question 10.
What is the use of directions in the maps?
Answer:
In the upper right-hand margin of the maps we see an arrow. The tip of the arrow is marked with the letter ‘N’
It means that the arrow is pointing northwards. The arrow is, therefore, called the North Line.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us 2
Direction

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 11.
How does scale of the map help us to study the maps?
Answer:
Scale of the map is a measuring line with the help of which correct distance between various points on a map can be measured. In a scale, there is always a proportion between the dimensions of the map and the actual areas they represent on the earth. It can be a millimetre, a centimetre or an inch to represent a kilometre, a hundred kilometre or even still larger distances.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us 3
Scale

Question 12.
What is the importance of the key in a map?
Answer:
The key in a map tells us what each symbol used in the map stands for. In other words, key explains symbols.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide How Maps Help Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Thick blue line on map is usually used to show :
(A) Electricity power station
(B) Stream
(C) River
(D) Dam.
Answer:
(C) River.

Question 2.
A large scale drawing showing greater details is called :
(A) Plan
(B) Sketch
(C) Map
(D) Compose.
Answer:
(A) Plan.

Question 3.
Element of map that shows relationship between actual distance and length on map is
(A) Grid line
(B) Key line
(C) Legend line
(D) Scale.
Answer:
(D) Scale.

Question 4.
Maps that represent a particular theme are called :
(A) Physical
(B) Thematic
(C) Historical
(D) Wall maps.
Answer:
(B) Thematic.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 5.
Survey maps are also called :
(A) Topographical maps
(B) Physical maps
(C) Thematic maps
(D) Historical maps.
Answer:
(A) Topographical maps.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
________ is an instrument used to find the directions.
Answer:
Compass

Question 2.
There are ________ cardinal directions.
Answer:
Four

Question 3.
Blue colour is used for showing ________
Answer:
Water bodies

Question 4.
________ is the true model of the earth.
Answer:
Globe

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 5.
________ colour is used for showing mountain.
Answer:
Brown.

True/False :

Question 1.
Maps are tools of geography.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Every feature can be shown in detail on a globe.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
The tip of the arrow is marked with the letter ‘N’
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Topographical maps are the only which show only physical features.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 5.
Colours are mostly used in maps.
Answer:
True.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Geography?
Answer:
Geography is that branch of science which deals with the earth, its surroundings and the people who live on it.

Question 2.
What is a physical map?
Answer:
A physical map is one which shows different features of land-forms.

Question 3.
For what are historical maps used?
Answer:
Historical maps are used to explain historical events.

Question 4.
What is a political map?
Answer:
A map showing different countries and states of the world with their boundaries is called a political map.

Question 5.
For what purpose are wall maps used?
Answer:
Wall maps are used for demonstration and lecture purpose.

Question 6.
What is a scale?
Answer:
The relation between the distance of two points in the map and the two corresponding points on the land is known as a scale.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 7.
What does the tip of arrow in the right hand margin of map show?
Answer:
The tip of arrow shows northwards.

Question 8.
What are the four cardinal points of a compass?
Answer:
The four cardinal points of a compass are North, South, East and West.

Question 9.
What does the term ‘one centimetre to one kilometre’ indicate in a map?
Answer:
It indicates that one centimetre on the map represents one kilometre on the ground.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why can’t maps be as accurate as globes?
Answer:
Maps can’t be as accurate as globes because the maps are drawn on flat surfaces. They show the earth’s surface or a part of it according to some scale. It is impossible to flatten a round shape completely. As a result, the northern and the southern parts of the earth are stretched out of proportion. But the globes are very accurate because the shapes and sizes of continents and oceans are shown accurately on them.

Question 2.
How are maps helpful in our daily life?
Answer:
Maps provide us great help in our daily life. They help us in locating places and reaching wherever we want. People travel all around the world with the help of maps.

Question 3.
What are Topographical Maps?
Answer:
Topographical maps are the ones which show natural features as well as man-made features like roads, railways, etc. They are prepared by the survey department of each country. They are helpful for town planning, for use by the army and for various study purposes.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 4 How Maps Help Us

Question 4.
Distinction between a map and a plan.
Answer:

Map Plan
1. The map shows a large area on a sheet of paper such as world, continents, countries etc. 1. It shows a small area on a sheet of paper such as a room, a garden, school building etc.
2. The map is drawn on a small scale such as 1 centimetre = 1 kilometre etc. 2. The plan is drawn on a large scale such as 1 centimetre = 1 metre.
3. Colours are mostly used in maps. 3. The plans are mostly simple.
4. Only the important features can be shown in brief on a map. 4. Even details of small and unimportant areas can be shown on a plan.

Question 5.
What are the components of maps?
Answer:
(a) Distance
(b) Direction and
(c) Symbol.

Distance: Distance is measured with the help of a scale.

Direction:

  • Direction is known by the arrow marked with ‘N’ on the map.
  • It is also known as an instrument called a compass.

Symbol: Universally accepted marks or icons to depict information on the maps are known as symbols.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the various types of maps.
Answer:
Maps are very useful in modern life. Therefore, various types of maps are drawn according to the purpose of the study. Some important types of them are given as under :

  1. Physical Maps: Maps showing physical features of the earth such as landforms of different elevations, i.e. mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. are called physical maps.
  2. Political Maps: Political maps are the maps that show different countries and states of the world with their boundaries.
  3. Historical Maps: Historical maps show historical events such as war, the spread of civilization, an important voyage, etc.
  4. Distributional Maps: Distributional maps are also called commodity maps. They are used to show the distribution of various commodities such as crops, population, minerals, etc.
  5. Topographical Maps: Topographical maps are used to show natural as well as man-made features such as roads, railways, etc.
  6. Atlas Maps: Atlas maps are in the form of a book. They are easy to carry and are useful for students. They are small-scale maps.
  7. Wall Maps: Wall maps are used for the purpose of demonstration and lecture. These are bigger than atlas maps.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Motions of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
What is rotation of Earth?
Answer:
The earth rotates on its axis. It completes its round along its axis in twenty-four hours, from west to east. This is called Rotation of the Earth.

Question 2.
What is meant by “Inclination of the Earth’s axis”?
Answer:
The tilting of the Earth’s axis at an angle of 23%° from a perpendicular to the orbital plane is called “Inclination of the Earth’s axis”.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth 1
The Inclination of the Earth’s Axis

Question 3.
What causes the cycle of seasons?
Answer:
The cycle of seasons is caused mainly by the revolution of the earth around the sun and the inclination of the earth’s axis at an angle of 66 1/2° to the plane of its orbit which constantly points to the same direction.

Question 4.
Where do the vertical rays of the sun fall on June 21?
Answer:
The vertical rays of the sun fall on the Tropic of Cancer on June 21.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 5.
On September 23, which season is experienced in the Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:
On September 23, autumn season is experienced in the Northern Hemisphere.

Question 6.
When is winter solastice?
Answer:
In Southern Hemisphere in summer season when the sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn, it is winter solstice.

Question 7.
On September 23, which season is experienced in the Southern Hemisphere?
Answer:
On September 23, spring season is experienced in the Southern Hemisphere.

II. Distinguish between the following :

Question 1.
Summer Solstice and Winter Solstice.
Answer:
On 21st June, when the sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Cancer, it is called Summer Solstice. On the other hand, on 22nd December, when the sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn, it is known as Winter Solstice.

Question 2.
Spring Equinox and Autumn Equinox.
Answer:
On March 21 and September 23, days and nights are equal throughout the world. On March 21, spring season starts in the Northern Hemisphere. So this day is known as Spring Equinox.’On the other hand, on September 23, autumn season begins in the Northern Hemisphere. So this day is called Autumn Equinox.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 3.
Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
The continuous spinning of the earth on its axis is called rotation. The earth takes twenty-four hours to complete one rotation on its axis. Days and nights are caused by the rotation of the earth.

Revolution, on the other hand, is the movement of the earth around the sun. The earth takes 36544 days to make a complete round of the sun, while rotating along its axis. Cycle of seasons is caused by the revolution of the earth.

III. Give reasons :

Question 1.
The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
Answer:
The sun is stationary and the earth moves from west to east. Due to this movement of the earth, the sun appears to rise in the east and set in the west.

Question 2.
Days and nights are not always equal.
Answer:
On the equator, the rays of the sun fall vertically. So days and nights are equal there. But as we move away from the equator towards north or south, the rays of the sun fall slantingly. As a result, the length of days and nights increases or decreases. That is why days and nights are not equal.

Question 3.
On June 21, the South Pole is in continuous darkness.
Answer:
On June 21, the sun is away from the South Pole. So on this day, the South Pole is in continuous darkness.

Question 4.
Why do the sun, the moon and the stars appear moving round the earth, from east to west?
Answer:
The earth moves from west to east. It is because of this movement of the earth that the sun, the moon and the stars appear moving round the earth, from east to west.

IV. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
The earth rotates from __________ to __________
Answer:
west, east

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 2.
The __________ is the line around which the earth turns.
Answer:
axis

Question 3.
The path along which earth travels around the sun is called the __________
Answer:
planetary path, (orbit)

Question 4.
The __________ areas experience six months long day and six months long night.
Answer:
polar.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Motions of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Movement of the earth on its axis is called :
(A) Revolution
(B) Rotation
(C) Resolution
(D) Cycle.
Answer:
(B) Rotation.

Question 2.
The axis of the earth which is an imaginary line makes an angle of with its orbital plane.
(A) 90°
(B) 60°
(C) 45°
(D) 66°
Answer:
(D) 66°.

Question 3.
The plane formed by the axis of earth and orbit is called __________
(A) Spherical plane
(B) Orbital plane
(C) Symmetric plane
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(B) Orbital plane.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 4.
Earth has __________ types of motions.
(A) 2
(B) 3
(C) 4
(D) 5.
Answer:
(A) 2.

Question 5.
When the earth is farthest from the sun, it is called :
(A) Aphelion
(B) Perihelion
(C) Solistices
(D) Equinoxes.
Answer:
(A) Aphelion.

Fill in the Blanks:

Question 1.
The earth mainly receives light from __________
Answer:
The sun

Question 2.
Period of rotation is called the __________
Answer:
Earthday

Question 3.
Australia lies in _____________ Hemisphere.
Answer:
Southern

Question 4.
Revolution of the earth causes change in_______________
Answer:
Seasons

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 5.
Earth is in shape.
Answer:
Spherical.

True/False :

Question 1.
Earth takes 24 hrs to complete one rotation around its axis.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
On 23rd March rays of the sun fall on the equator.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Seasons change due to the change in the position of the sun around the earth.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Day and night on the earth occurs due to rotation of the earth.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 5.
Every fourth year, month February is of 29 days.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How much time does the earth take to complete one rotation?
Answer:
The earth takes twenty-four hours to complete one rotation.

Question 2.
On what days do we have equal days and nights all over the world?
Answer:
We have equal days and nights all over the world on 21st March and 23rd September.

Question 3.
In which season is Christmas celebrated in Australia?
Answer:
Christmas in Australia is celebrated in summer season.

Question 4.
How much time does the earth take to complete one revolution?
Answer:
The earth takes 365 days and 6 hours to complete one revolution.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 5.
What causes days and nights?
Answer:
Rotation of the earth causes days and nights.

Question 6.
How much is the earth’s axis tilted from a perpendicular to the orbital plane?
Answer:
The earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23Vi° from a perpendicular to the orbital plane.

Question 7.
When the Northern Hemisphere is inclined towards the sun, which hemisphere will have the longer days and shorter nights?
Answer:
The Northern Hemisphere will have the longer days and shorter nights.

Question 8.
Which place on the earth has. days and nights of equal length throughout the year?
Answer:
The equator has days and nights of equal length throughout the year.

Question 9.
What is the position of the earth on 21st June?
Answer:
The North Pole remains inclined towards the sun, while the South Pole is away from it.

Question 10.
When is the autumn season in the Southern Hemisphere?
Answer:
The autumn season in the Southern Hemisphere is on 21st March.

Question 11.
On what days do we have days and nights equal in the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn?
Answer:
On 21st March and 23rd September.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 12.
Why does the sun at noon give more heat?
Answer:
The sun at noon gives more heat because its rays on the earth’s surface are vertical.

Question 13.
“The earth is not a perfect sphere.” Explain.
Answer:
The earth is a spheroid. It is flattened at the Poles. It has a bulge in the middle. Its shape is that of a Geoid. It is due to the centrifugal force acting on earth.

Question 14.
‘The real earth has no needle.’ Explain.
Answer:
If a needle is fixed through the globe in a tilted manner, it is called axis. The points of the needle on the globe are north pole and south pole. The globe can be moved around the needle. But the real earth has no such needle because the axis is an imaginary line.

Question 15.
The sun never sets or rises. Discuss.
Answer:
The sun seems to be rising or setting due to Rotation. Actually it is the earth that movps. The sun is stationary. It does not set or rise.

Question 16.
What is a planetary path?
Answer:
All the planets move along an elliptical path called orbit. It is also called planetary path.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 17.
What is Ferral’s law?
Answer:
All the winds and ocean currents move towards the right in the northern hemisphere and towards left in the southern hemisphere. It is called Ferral’s law.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between Morning and Evening.
Answer:

Morning Evening
1. It is the time of sunrise. 1. It is the time of sunset.
2. The rays of the sun appear on the horizon in the east. 2. The rays of the sun appear to be descending to the horizon in the west.
3. It is the time between the day break and noon. 3. It is the time between the noon and sunset.

Question 2.
Distinguish between Rotation and Revolution.
Answer:
The distinction between rotation and revolution is as under :

Rotation Revolution
1. The spinning of the Earth on its axis is called rotation. 1. Annual motion of the Earth round the Sun is called revolution.
2. The time of rotation is about 24 hours. 2. The time of revolution is 365 days 6 hours.
3. Days and nights follow each other in regular succession in all parts of the Earth due to rotation. 3. The change of season takes place because of the revolution of the Earth.

Question 3.
Why do people experience more heat during noon than in the morning or evening?
Answer:
The rays of the sun are vertical at noon and slanting in the morning and evening. The great amount of heat is received by the earth when the sun’s rays fall vertical over it. Hence, people experience more heat during noon. Since the sun’s rays fall slanting in the morning and evening, they scatter over the greater area and hence they are comparatively cool.

Question 4.
Why do we have longer days and shorter nights in the Northern Hemisphere during summers?
Answer:
The earth’s axis is inclined by 23 1/2° to one side. Due to .this inclination, the Northern Hemisphere remains inclined towards the sun during one half of the year. Hence, the days are fonger and nights are shorter. In contrast, the Southern Hemisphere is always away from the sun during this half of the year.

Question 5.
What is a leap year? Why does a leap year have an extra day than an ordinary year?
Answer:
A leap year is one which has 366 days. It comes after a cycle of four years.

The earth moves around the sun and takes 365 days and 6 hours to make a complete round of it. We take 365 days in a year and ignore six hours. But these six hours make a day in four years. Hence, one day is added to every fourth year. Thus, every fourth year is called a leap year because it has 366 days. The extra day is added to the month of February. In an ordinary year, February has 28 days while in a leap year, it has 29 days.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 6.
How are days and nights caused?
Answer:
Days and nights are caused due to rotation. The earth rotates on its axis from West to East. When it rotates, one half of the earth turns towards light and has therefore day. The other half turns away
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth 2
Day and Night

from the sun and remains in darkness and has night. During 24 hours, every part of the earth comes in turn before the sun and then goes into darkness. Therefore, the position of day and night keeps on changing. When it is day in one hemisphere, it is night in the other. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called circle of illumination (circle of light). This circle does not coincide with the inclined axis of the earth.

Question 7.
Make Difference between Summer and Winter Solstice.
Answer:

Summer Solstice Winter Solstice
1. Summer solstice occurs on 22nd June in Northern hemisphere. 1. Winter solstice occurs on 22nd December in the Northern hemisphere.
2. The whole Northern hemisphere experiences more heat and light. 2. Northern hemisphere exper¬iences less heat and light.
3. It is summer in the Northern hemisphere. 3. It is winter in the Northern hemisphere.
4. Days are longer, nights are shorter. 4. Days are shorter, nights are longer.
5. Reverse conditions prevail in the Southern hemisphere. 5. Reverse conditions prevail in the Southern hemisphere.

Question 8.
What would happen if the Earth did not rotate?
Answer:
If the earth did not rotate :

  • The portion before the sun would have remained the same and continued to experience day regularly.
  • On the other hand the portion of the Earth away from the sun would have experienced night continuously.
  • Life would have not been possible on the Earth in such a situation.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
(a) Define Rotation.
Answer:
Rotation: The spinning of the earth on its axis from West to East is called rotation.

(b) What is the period of rotation?
Answer:
The earth takes about 24 hours (23 hours 56 minutes 4 seconds) to complete one rotation. It is also known as daily motion of the earth.

(c) What are its effects?
Answer:
Effects:

  • Rotation causes days and nights.
  • All bodies like sun, moon, planets appear to move from East to West.
  • Tides occur regularly twice a day.
  • Winds and ocean currents change their directions.
  • The four main directions (North, South, East, West) can.be determined with the help of rotation.
  • We get a measure of time. A day consists of 24 hours-one complete rotation.
  • The different times of a day like sunrise, noon, sunset, midnight can be determined due to rotation.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Question 2.
(a) What is a revolution?
Answer:
Revolution: The spinning of the earth around the sun, along an elliptical orbit from West to East is known as revolution.

(b) What is period of revolution?
Answer:
It takes a year or 36514 days to complete one revolution. Hence it is also known as annual motion of the earth. The earth’s axis is always inclined at a fixed angle of 66/4° to the plane of the ecliptic,

(c) What are aphelion and perihelion?
Answer:
When the earth is farthest from the sun (152 million kms) it is aphelion. When the earth is nearest the sun (147 million km) it is perihelion,

(d) What are its effects?
Answer:
Effects:

  • Due to revolution, the lengths of days and nights vary at a place at different times of the year.
  • Revolution causes a change of seasons.
  • It helps in the location of Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn due to the fact that the sun’s rays fall vertical here.
  • Altitude of the mid-day sun changes.
  • It gives us a measure of time for one year.
  • Poles have days and nights of 6 months duration.
  • It determines the distribution of solar energy on the earth.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth 3
Rotation and Revolution

Question 3.
(a) How many seasons are there in a year?
Answer:
Normally, four seasons are experienced during a year- spring, summer, autumn, and winter.

(b) What are the causes of seasons?
Answer:
The change of seasons is due to the following reasons :

  1. Rotations of the earth.
  2. The inclination of the earth’s axis at 66 1/2° to the plane of the orbit.
  3. The axis remains always in the same direction.
  4. Revolution of the earth.

(c) Describe the conditions in each position.
Answer:
Due to the four seasons, the earth keeps on changing its position at different times of the year or during one revolution. These are seasonal positions. Each position of the earth with relation to the sun changes and explains different seasons.

Seasonal Positions :
1. Position on 21 June:

  • North pole is inclined towards the sun and the South pole is tilted away from the sun.
  • The larger part of the northern hemisphere is in daylight, while the larger part of the southern hemisphere is in darkness.
  • Days are longer than nights in northern hemisphere while nights are longer in the southern hemisphere.
  • The Sun shines vertical on the Tropic of Cancer (2314°N), but the southern hemisphere has slanting rays.
    Hence the Northern hemisphere, with vertical rays and longer days has summer season. The southern hemisphere with slanting rays and shorter days has winter season. This position is also called the Summer Solstice. 21st June is the longest day and the shortest night in the northern hemisphere.

2. Position on 22 December: This position of the earth comes six months after the first position.

  • The South pole is inclined towards the sun and the north pole turns away from the soil.
  • The major part of the southern hemisphere is in light, while the major part of the northern hemisphere is in darkness.
  • Days are shorter than nights in the northern hemisphere while days are longer in the southern hemisphere.
  • The sun shines vertically on the Tropic of Capricorn (2314 °S) and the northern hemisphere gets slanting rays.
    Hence the southern hemisphere with perpendicular rays and longer days has the summer season. This is the season of the southern summer and of the northern winter. It is also called the Winter Solstice. December 22 is the longest day and shortest night in the southern hemisphere.

3. Positions of 21st March, 23rd September:

  • In these positions, the sun shines vertically on the equator.
  • The circle of light passage through the poles dividing the globe into equal parts.
  • Neither of the poles is inclined towards the sun.
  • Every parallel has one half in darkness and the other half in light, with the result, the days and nights are equal all over the world.
  • Both the hemispheres have similar seasons. It is autumn on 23rd September in the northern hemisphere and spring in the southern hemisphere.
  • It is spring on 21st March in the northern hemisphere and autumn in the southern hemisphere. These positions are called Equinoxes (meaning equal nights).

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe – The Model of the Earth

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Geography Chapter 2 Globe – The Model of the Earth Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Geography Chapter 2 Globe – The Model of the Earth

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Globe – The Model of the Earth Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Why is Globe called a model of the Earth?
Answer:
Globe shows the earth in its true shape. The shapes and sizes of all the physical features of the earth such as continents and oceans, distances and directions, etc. are correctly represented on it. As such, it is a correct replica of the round shape of the earth. That is why Globe is called a model of the earth.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth 1
Globe

Question 2.
What is the name of the ending of screw of Globe?
Answer:
The upper screw of Globe is known as North Pole and lower one is called South Pole.

Question 3.
What is the name given to the semi-circles that connect both the poles?
Answer:
The semi-circles that connect both the poles are named as longitudes.

Question 4.
What is Hemisphere? Name the line that cuts the Globe or Earth into the Hemispheres.
Answer:
The half of a sphere is called hemisphere. The equator cuts the Globe or Earth into the hemispheres.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 5.
What is the Prime Meridian? From where it passes?
Answer:
0° longitude is called the Prime Meridian. It passes through Greenwich in England.

Question 6.
What is the difference between Longitudes and Latitudes?
Answer:
Longitudes are angular distances of a place from the Prime Meridian, whereas latitudes are angular distances of a place from the equator.

Question 7.
Why longitudes are called Meridians of Longitude? Into how many Meridians do we divide the Earth or Globe?
Answer:
Longitudes are called Meridians of Longitude because they are drawn through the Prime Meridian. We divide the Earth or Globe into 360° meridians.

Question 8.
Which is the largest circle of Globe? Name it.
Answer:
The circle of equator is the largest circle of Globe.

Question 9.
What is the difference between Parallels of Latitude and Meridians of Longitude?
Answer:

Parallels of Latitude Meridians of Longitude
1. Parallels of latitude are imaginary circles drawn parallel to the equator. 1. Meridians of longitude are imaginary lines running from North to South.
2. These are circles. 2. These are semi circles.
3. The distance between them is measured in degrees of latitude. 3. The distance between them is measured in degrees of longitude.
4. They are 180+1 in number. 4. They are 360 in number.

Question 10.
What is the importance of Longitudes?
Answer:
The importance of longitudes is as follow :

  1. Longitudes help us in knowing the east-west distance of a place.
  2. They help us in calculating the local time of a place.

Question 11.
Which lines help us to divide the Earth into Heat Zones? Give reasons why there are Heat Zones.
Answer:
Latitudes help us to divide the earth into Heat Zones. Heat Zones are there because of the following reasons :
1. The rays of the sun which are vertical, occupy less space but intensity of heating is very high and the rays of the sun which are slanting, occupy more space but intensity of heating is low.

2. The shape of the earth is spherical. The central, the bulging part of the earth receives maximum heat of the sun and as we go away from the central part towards the poles, the heat reduces.

Question 12.
What is the difference between Local Time and Indian Standard Time?
Answer:
1. Local Time. Local time is the time reckoned by the noon sun at a given place. At any place a watch can he adjusted to read 12 O’ clock when the sun is at the highest point in the sky or when it is mid day. The time shown by such a watch will give the local time for that place. All the places, on a given meridian of longitude, have the same local time.

2. Indian Standard Time. In a particular country, local time of a particular or rather a central place is adopted as the uniform time for the whole country. It is called the standard time of that country or that area. In India, the local time of 8214 ° E Longitude is used as the standard time for the whole country. It is called the Indian Standard Time. 8214° E is thus the standard meridian of India.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Tropic of Cancer is depicted by ________ Parallel of Latitude.
Answer:
0 to 23 1/2° North

Question 2.
Tropic of Capricorn is depicted by ________ Parallel of Latitude.
Answer:
0 to 23 1/2° South

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 3.
Latitudes and Longitudes make a on a Globe.
Answer:
grid

Question 4.
The distance between any two parallels is always ________
Answer:
equal

Question 5.
The ________ is also known as Zero Meridian.
Answer:
Prime Meridian

Question 6.
In India, the Longitude of ________ is considered the Standard Meridian.
Answer:
82 1/2° East

Question 7.
The time difference between Greenwich Mean Time and Indian Standard Time is ________
Answer:
5 hours 30 minutes.

III. Say whether the following statements are True or False :

Question 1.
Each parallel of Latitude is a semi-circle.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Temperature increases as we go away from the equator.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 3.
The Torrid Zone lies between the Tropic of Cancer and Tropic of Capricorn.
Answer:
True.

Question 4.
The Earth rotates from the West to East direction.
Answer:
True.

IV. Things To Do (Activity):

Question 1.
Draw a diagram of the earth, liark the earth’s Axis, the Great Circle, Tropic of Cancer, Tropic of Capricorn, Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle on it.
Answer:

  • N.P. – S.P. = Axis
  • EQ = Great Circle
  • TC = Tropic of Cancer
  • T’C’ = Tropic of Capricorn
  • AR = Arctic Circle
  • A’N’ = Antarctic Circle.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth 2

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Globe – The Model of the Earth Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
As earth is a globe, most accurate model of it is :
(A) Map on chart
(B) Globe
(C) Map on spherical fruit
(D) Map on a circular paper.
Answer:
(B) Globe.

Question 2.
A system of orbiting satellites that send radio signals to receivers on earth is a
(A) Navigator
(B) Radio
(C) Radar
(D) GPS.
Answer:
(D) GPS.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 3.
A great circle is a circle which passes through the centre of the earth and bisects it into two equal hemispheres is called :
(A) Arctic circle
(B) Antarctic circle
(C) Great circle
(D) Equator.
Answer:
(C) Great circle.

Question 4.
The ends of the axis are called :
(A) Equator
(B) Poles
(C) Great Divide
(D) Great Circle.
Answer:
(B) Poles.

Question 5.
The zone with moderate temperatures is called :
(A) Temperate zone
(B) Tropical zone
(C) Equatorial zone
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) Temperate zone.

Fill in the Blanks :

Question 1.
The tropic of capricorn is located at ________
Answer:
23% south of equator

Question 2.
The standard meridian of India is ________
Answer:
82’4° East,

Question 3.
The 0° meridian is also known as ________
Answer:
Prime meridian

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 4.
The distance between the longitudes decreases towards ________
Answer:
Poles

Question 5.
The arctic circle is located in the hemisphere.
Answer:
Northern.

True/False :

Question 1.
Frigid zone lies between the arctic circle and the north pole.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
With longitudes we can divide the earth into heat zones.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Local time is the time of a central meridian of an area.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Latitude is the angular distance of a place north to south of the equator.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 5.
I.S.T. is termed as Indian Standard Time.
Answer:
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two Hemispheres.
Answer:
The two Hemispheres are Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.

Question 2.
What is Northern Hemisphere?
Answer:
The northern and upper part of Globe from equator is called Northern Hemisphere.

Question 3.
What is Southern Hemisphere?
Answer:
The southern and lower part of Globe from equator is known as Southern Hemisphere.

Question 4.
Explain Parallel Lines.
Answer:
Parallel lines’are those lines which run at equal distance and never meet with each other. They may be straight or circular.

Question 5.
What is Equatorial Line?
Answer:
The line drawn through the centre or 0° latitude is known as Equatorial Line.

Question 6.
How many Parallels of Latitude are there?
Answer:
There are 180+1 Parallels of Latitude.

Question 7.
What degree of angle does the equator represent?
Answer:
The equator represents 0° latitude.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 8.
What does 90° South Latitude indicate?
Answer:
90° South Latitude indicates South Pole.

Question 9.
Where does the Tropic of Cancer lie on Globe?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer lies in the Northern Hemisphere on Globe.

Question 10.
What is the angular distance of the Tropic of Cancer from the equator?
Answer:
The angular distance of the Tropic of Cancer from the equator is 231/4° North.

Question 11.
What is the angular distance of the Tropic of Capricorn from the equator?
Answer:
The angular distance of the Tropic of Capricorn from the equator is 2354° South.

Question 12.
What is the Indian Standard Time?
Answer:
The Indian Standard Time is taken in the longitude of 8214° E.

Question 13.
Which area on the earth receives the maximum heat?
Answer:
The area lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn receives the maximum heat.

Question 14.
Into how many Heat Zones has the earth been divided?
Answer:
The earth has been divided into three Heat Zones.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 15.
What is the basis of the division of Heat Zones?
Answer:
Temperature is the basis of the division of Heat Zones.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Distinguish between Northern Hemisphere and Southern Hemisphere.
Answer:

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere
1. The part of the earth which lies in the northern part of equator is called Northern Hemisphere. 1. The part of the earth which lies to the south of the equator is called Southern Hemisphere.
2. 0° to 90° North latitude mark Northern Hemisphere. 2. 0° to 90° South latitude mark Southern Hemisphere.

Question 2.
Distinguish between Latitude and Longitude.
Answer:

Latitude Longitude
1. Latitude is the angular distance of a place North or South of the Equator. 1. Longitude is the angular distance of a place East or West of Prime Meridian.
2. The latitude value increases in North-South directions from the Equator. 2. The longitude value increases in East-West directions from meridian.
3. Its value ranges between 0° to 90° N, 0° to 90°S. 3. Its value ranges between 0° to 180°E, 00 to 180°W.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 3.
Distinguish between Local and Standard Time.
Answer:

Local Time Standard Time
1. Local time of a place is the time of its meridian. 1. Standard time is the time of a central meridian of an area.
2. Each place has its own local time. 2. All places have a uniform or same time.
3. When it is noon, the local time is 12 o’clock. 3. It has not any relation with noon or height. of the sun.
4. All places on the Meridian have same local time. 4. All places within a country have the same standard time.
5. The places in the East are ahead of west in time. For 10 longitude there is difference of 4 minutes of time. 5. There is no change in time. So it is known as standard time.

Question 4.
In which hemisphere does the Tropic of Cancer lie?
Answer:
The Tropic of Cancer lies in the Northern Hemisphere. It is at an angular distance of 23’A° North from the equator. It runs in an east-west direction almost mid-way through our country.

Question 5.
What are Temperate Zones?
Answer:
The areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere are called Temperate Zones.

Question 6.
What are Frigid Zones?
Answer:
The areas lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere are known as Frigid Zones.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 7.
Where is Greenwich? For what is it famous?
Answer:
Greenwich lies near London in England. It is the place where British Royal Observatory is located. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) has been fixed here.

Question 8.
Discuss the importance of Grid.
Answer:
The importance of Grid is as follows :
1. Grid helps us in making maps and atlases.
2. It helps us in reading maps.
3. It helps us in fixing the boundary between two countries.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth 3
Grid

Question 9.
What is the importance of Latitudes?
Answer:
The importance of latitudes can be discussed as under :
1. We can very easily form an idea of the temperature of a place.
2. We can divide the earth into Heat Zones.
3. We can find the exact location of a place.

Question 10.
Why do we use models to show earth?
Answer:
The earth is very large in size. We cannot’ see the whole of the earth in its actual size and shape in one go. So we use models, photographs, and maps to see the earth.

Question 11.
Why is the globe a correct replica of the earth?
Answer:
On the globe, shapes, sizes, distance and directions of continents and oceans are correctly represented.

Question 12.
How many parallels of latitude are there?
Answer:
There are 90 imaginary lines drawn to the north of equator and 90 imaginary lines drawn to the south of equator. It makes 181 parallels of latitude in all.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 13.
How to locate a place on it (The Earth/Globe)?
Answer:
If we want to locate a place on the globe we have to do the following exercise :

  • First we have to know the latitude and longitude of that place.
  • Now we draw the meridian and parallel of latitude of that place on the basis of its longitude and latitude.
  • The point where these meridian and parallel of latitude intersect themselves, will be the location of that place.

Question 14.
Do you know what is the time difference between India and England?
Answer:
The time difference between India and England is of 5.30 hours.
1. If it is noon in England, it is 5.30 p.m. in India because time is ahead in India than in England by 5.30 hours.

2. This can be calculated in the following manner :

  • Difference between 0° longitude and 82 1/4° E longitude = 82 1/4°
  • Time in the East is ahead by 4 minutes on passing every meridian
  • Hence time ahead 82 1/4° × 4 = 330 minutes or 5.30 hours.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In what way is a globe different from maps?
Answer:
Globe is a true jnodel of the earth while a map is a picture of the earth. A globe has three dimensions, while a map has two dimensions. Globe gives correct idea of shape of the earth, but a map gives details of an area. It is easy to carry maps, but globes are not portable. Globe is not*fixed. It can be rotated while map is fixed. A globe can be rotated as a top spin or a potter’s wheel. On the globe, countries, continents and oceans are shown in their correct size.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 2.
List the situation in which the globe is far more useful than maps.
Answer:

  • Earth is truly shown by a globe. It gives shapes and directions correctly.
  • It is a true model of our planet.
  • Lines of latitudes and longitudes are shown correctly on a globe.
  • NoW-a- days relief features can be shown on globe.
  • It can be rotated on its axis.
  • Globe is an important tool of Geography.
  • Globe can be rotated like a top spin or a potter’s wheel.

Question 3.
What are the shortcomings of a globe?
Answer:
A globe has some limitations :

  • It is not easy to carry globes.
  • It is not useful for studying an area of a country.
  • Only one hemisphere can be studied from a globe.
  • Distances cannot be measured on a spherical globe.
  • Globes do not show details.

Question 4.
Into how many Heat Zones can tile earth be divided? Explain each zone.
Answer:
The earth can be divided into three Heat Zones. They are Torrid Zone, Temperate Zone and Frigid Zone.
1. Torrid Zone: It lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. It is the hottest zone of the world. The noon sun shines vertically over this part of the earth.

2. Temperate Zone: It lies between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Fig. Heat Zones of Earth
Hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere. The sun is never overhead in this zone. It is neither very hot in summer nor very cold in winter. It is, therefore, called the Temperate Zone.

3. Frigid Zone: It lies between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 5.
Describe the important Parallels of Latitude.
Answer:
The Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, the Tropic of Capricorn, the Arctic Circle, and the Antarctic Circle is the important Parallels of Latitude.

  1. The Equator: The equator is the most important parallel of latitude. It divides the earth into two equal parts. These parts are the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere. It is the largest possible circle that can be drawn around the earth.
  2. The Tropic of Cancer: It lies in the Northern Hemisphere at 23°30′ latitude. It is an angular distance of 2314° N from the equator.
  3. The Tropic of Capricorn: It is also an imaginary circle measuring the angular distance of 23/4° to the south from the central point of the equator.
  4. The Arctic Circle: It is the parallel of latitude that lies at a distance of 6614° North of the equator.
  5. The Antarctic Circle: It lies in the Southern Hemisphere and is at 66!4° South to the equator.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 2 Globe - The Model of the Earth

Question 6.
How do longitudes help us in calculating time?
Answer:
Longitude and Time.

  • Longitudes help us to calculate time.
  • It takes 24 hours for the earth to complete one rotation.
  • This means in 24 hours the Earth completes 360°.
  • Hence, it takes about 4 minutes for crossing one degree of longitude.
  • This means each place has a different time of Sunrise and Sunset.
  • Places East of the Greenwich Meridian experience day or sunrise earlier than the places lying west of this Meridian.

In other words, time is ahead in the east than that in the west, at the rate of 4 minutes per degree of longitude.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 11 वैदिक काल Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB वैदिक काल Textbook Questions and Answers

I. निम्नलिखित प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखें

प्रश्न 1.
ऋग्वैदिक काल की राजनीतिक अवस्था के बारे में पाँच वाक्य लिखें।
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक काल की राजनीतिक अवस्था की मुख्य विशेषताएं निम्नलिखित थीं –
(1) देश में बहुत-से छोटे-छोटे कबीले शासन करते थे।
(2) राजा राज्य का मुखिया होता था, जिसे राजन कहते थे।
(3) कई राज्यों में राजा का चुनाव होता था परन्तु आमतौर पर राजतन्त्र प्रणाली प्रचलित थी।
(4) सभा तथा समिति राज्य के कार्यों में राजा को सहायता देने वाली दो महत्त्वपूर्ण संस्थाएं थीं।
(5) पुरोहित, सेनानी तथा ग्रामिणी आदि राजा की सहायता करने वाले अधिकारी होते थे।

प्रश्न 2.
वैदिक लोग किन देवताओं की उपासना करते थे?
उत्तर-
वैदिक लोग प्राकृतिक देवताओं की उपासना करते थे। उनके मुख्य देवता इन्द्र, अग्नि, वरुण, सोम, पृथ्वी, सूर्य, पूषण, विष्णु तथा अश्विन थे।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 3.
वैदिक काल के सामाजिक जीवन की क्या विशेषताएं थीं?
उत्तर-
वैदिक काल के सामाजिक जीवन की विशेषताओं का वर्णन इस प्रकार है –
1. वर्ण व्यवस्था-समाज चार वर्गों में बंटा हुआ था। ये वर्ण ब्राह्मण, क्षत्रिय, वैश्य तथा शूद्र थे। ये वर्ण काम पर आधारित थे।

  • ब्राह्मण-ब्राह्मण बुद्धिजीवी वर्ग था। इस वर्ग का कार्य पढ़ना-पढ़ाना तथा धार्मिक कार्य करना था।
  • क्षत्रिय-क्षत्रियों का कार्य युद्ध लड़ना था।
  • वैश्य-वैश्य वर्ग में किसान तथा व्यापारी शामिल थे।
  •  शूद्र-शूद्र दास वर्ग से सम्बन्धित थे।

2. परिवार-परिवार में माता-पिता, बच्चे तथा बहन-भाई आदि आते थे। संयुक्त परिवार प्रथा प्रचलित थी। पिता ही परिवार का मुखिया होता था। प्रत्येक परिवार पुत्र प्राप्ति की इच्छा रखता था।

3. स्त्रियों की स्थिति-समाज में स्त्रियों को बहुत सम्मान दिया जाता था। वे पढ़ीलिखी होती थीं तथा अपनी इच्छानुसार विवाह करवा सकती थीं। वे प्रत्येक प्रकार के सामाजिक तथा धार्मिक कार्यों में भाग लेती थीं।

4. भोजन-वैदिक लोगों का भोजन सादा परन्तु पौष्टिक होता था। गेहूं, चावल, दालें, फल, सब्जियां, दूध, मक्खन तथा घी उनके मुख्य भोजन थे। कुछ लोग मांस भी खाते थे। वे सोमरस जैसे नशीले पदार्थों का भी प्रयोग करते थे।

5. वस्त्र तथा आभूषण-लोग पगड़ी, बनियान, कमीज़, धोती आदि पहनते थे। स्त्रियां तथा पुरुष, दोनों को ही आभूषण पहनने का चाव था।
6. मनोरंजन के साधन-शिकार, रथ-दौड़, घुड़सवारी, नाचना-गाना आदि वैदिक काल के लोगों के मनोरंजन के मुख्य साधन थे।

प्रश्न 4.
वैदिक लोगों की आर्थिक गतिविधियां क्या थी?
उत्तर-
वैदिक लोगों की मुख्य आर्थिक गतिविधियां कृषि, पशुपालन, शिल्पकला तथा व्यापार थीं।

  1. कृषि-वैदिक लोग गेहूं, जौ, कपास, चावल, दालें, सब्जियां आदि की कृषि करते थे। खेतों को हल तथा बैलों के साथ जोता जाता था।
  2. पशुपालन-वैदिक लोग गाय, घोड़ा, भेड़, बकरी, बैल आदि पशु पालते थे। गाय को पवित्र माना जाता था तथा गौ-हत्या की मनाही थी।
  3. शिल्पकला-लोहार, बढ़ई, रथकार, जुलाहे, कुम्हार आदि वैदिक काल के मुख्य शिल्पी थे। लोग अपनी दैनिक आवश्यकताओं के लिए इन पर निर्भर थे।
  4. व्यापार-व्यापार स्थल मार्ग द्वारा तथा नदियों एवं समुद्रों में किश्तियों तथा जहाज़ों द्वारा होता था।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 5.
सप्तसिन्धु प्रदेश में कौन-सी नदियां बहती थीं?
उत्तर-
‘सप्तसिन्धु’ प्रदेश से भाव सात नदियों के प्रदेश से है। वैदिक काल में पंजाब को ‘सप्तसिन्धु’ प्रदेश अथवा ‘सात नदियों का प्रदेश’ कहा जाता था। इस प्रदेश में बहने वाली नदियों के नाम अग्रलिखित थे –

  1. सिन्धु,
  2. जेहलम,
  3. चिनाब,
  4. रावी,
  5. ब्यास,
  6. सतलुज,
  7. सरस्वती।

II. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें

  1. आरंभिक वैदिक काल में छोटे-छोटे …………. शासन करते थे।
  2. समाज चार भागों में विभाजित था, जिन्हें ……………. कहा जाता था।
  3. वैदिक लोगों का मुख्य भोजन ………, ………, तथा ……….. थे।
  4. वैदिक लोग ………….. के शौकीन थे।
  5. वैदिक लोग ……………. की पूजा करते थे।

उत्तर-

  1. कबीले
  2. वर्ण
  3. गेहूं, चावल, दालें
  4. खेलों
  5. प्रकृति।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

III. सही जोड़े बनायें

(1) विपाश – (क) राजनीतिक संस्था
(2) सभा – (ख) चिकित्सा शास्त्र
(3) आयुर्वेद – (ग) एक देवता
(4) वरुण – (घ) एक नदी
उत्तर-सही जोड़े
(1) विपाश – एक नदी
(2) सभा – राजनीतिक संस्था
(3) आयुर्वेद – चिकित्सा शास्त्र
(4) वरुण – एक देवता।

IV. सही (✓) अथवा ग़लत (✗) का निशान लगायें

  1. परुषणी एक नदी का नाम है।
  2. वैदिक काल में इन्द्र वर्षा का देवता था।
  3. वैदिक लोगों के लिए गाय पवित्र नहीं थी।
  4. वैदिक काल में स्त्रियों का आदर नहीं होता था।

उत्तर-

  1. (✓)
  2. (✓)
  3. (✗)
  4. (✗)

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide वैदिक काल Important Questions and Answers

कम से कम शब्दों में उत्तर वाले प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
वैदिक काल में चार वेद लिखे गए। इनमें से किस वेद को संसार की सबसे प्राचीन पुस्तक माना जाता है?
उत्तर-
ऋग्वेद।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 2.
वैदिक राजा को राजन कहते थे। परन्तु जो राजन् अधिक शक्तिशाली थे, वे क्या कहलाते थे?
उत्तर-
सम्राट।

प्रश्न 3.
आर्य लोग अपने देवताओं की स्तुति में मंत्र-उच्चारण के साथ-साथ कौन-सा अन्य महत्त्वपूर्ण कार्य करते थे?
उत्तर-
यज्ञ।

बहु-विकल्पीयप्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
निम्न में से कौन-सा देवता आर्यों का ‘आकाश का देवता’ था?
(क) सोम
(ख) अग्नि
(ग) इन्द्र।
उत्तर-
(ग) इन्द्र

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 2.
वर्णव्यवस्था के अनुसार निम्न में से कौन-सा वर्ग योद्धा वर्ग था?
(क) वैश्य
(ख) शूद्र
(ग) इनमें से कोई नहीं।
उत्तर-
(ग) इनमें से कोई नहीं

प्रश्न 3.
उत्तर वैदिक काल में यज्ञों के स्वरूप में क्या अन्तर आया?
(क) यज्ञ केवल आर्य लोग करने लगे।
(ख) ये सस्ते तथा सरल हो गए।
(ग) ये जटिल तथा महंगे हो गए।
उत्तर-
(ग) ये जटिल तथा महंगे हो गए।

अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
आर्य लोग भारत में कब तथा कहां से आए?
उत्तर-
आर्य लोग लगभग 1500 ई० पू० में मध्य एशिया से भारत आए।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 2.
भरत कबीले के राजा का क्या नाम था?
उत्तर-
भरत कबीले के राजा का नाम सुदास था।

प्रश्न 3.
ऋग्वैदिक काल से क्या अभिप्राय है?
उत्तर-
जिस काल की जानकारी हमें ऋग्वेद से मिलती है, उसे ऋग्वैदिक काल कहते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
ऋग्वैदिक काल की दो विद्वान् स्त्रियां कौन थी?
उत्तर-
घोषा तथा उपाला ऋग्वैदिक काल की दो विद्वान् स्त्रियां थीं।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 5.
ऋग्वैदिक काल के दो देवताओं के नाम बताएं।
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक काल के दो देवता सूर्य तथा वरुण थे।

प्रश्न 6.
ऋग्वैदिक काल के लोगों के दो मुख्य व्यवसाय कौन-से थे?
उत्तर-
कृषि तथा पशुपालन ऋग्वैदिक काल के लोगों के दो मुख्य व्यवसाय थे।

प्रश्न 7.
ऋग्वैदिक काल के विश तथा जन के मुखियों को क्या कहते थे?
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक काल में विश के मुखिया को विशपति तथा जन के मुखिया को राजन कहा जाता था।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 8.
उत्तर वैदिक काल के दो नए देवताओं के नाम लिखें।
उत्तर-
विष्णु तथा शिव उत्तर वैदिक काल के दो नए देवता थे।

प्रश्न 9.
उत्तर वैदिक काल में बसाए गए चार नगरों के नाम लिखें।
उत्तर-

  1. हस्तिनापुर,
  2. काशी,
  3. पाटलिपुत्र
  4. कोशाम्बी।

प्रश्न 10.
ऋग्वेद से आर्यों के किस काल के बारे में जानकारी प्राप्त होती है?
उत्तर-
ऋग्वेद से आर्यों के पूर्व वैदिक काल की जानकारी प्राप्त होती है।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
ऋग्वेद की विषय-वस्तु क्या है? इसके लेखक का नाम बताएं।
उत्तर-
ऋग्वेद की विषय-वस्तु प्राकृतिक देवताओं की प्रशंसा में लिखे गए मन्त्र हैं। इसका लेखक कोई एक व्यक्ति नहीं है। इसमें भिन्न-भिन्न ऋषियों के द्वारा लिखे गए मन्त्र शामिल हैं।

प्रश्न 2.
ऋग्वैदिक काल में परिवार के मुखिया के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक काल में परिवार पुरुष प्रधान थे। परिवार में सबसे बड़े पुरुष सदस्य को परिवार का मुखिया कहा जाता था। उसे गृहपति कहते थे। उसका पूरे परिवार पर नियन्त्रण होता था। परिवार के सभी सदस्य मुखिया का आदर करते थे तथा उसकी आज्ञा का पालन करते थे। मुखिया की आज्ञा का पालन न करने वाले सदस्य को सज़ा भी दी जा सकती थी।

प्रश्न 3.
ऋग्वैदिक काल में आर्यों की पूजा के कौन-कौन से ढंग थे?
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक काल में आर्य देवी-देवताओं की पूजा यज्ञ तथा मन्त्रों का उच्चारण करके करते थे। यज्ञ खुली हवा में होते थे तथा इसमें घी, दूध आदि चीजें डाली जाती थीं। यज्ञों में पशु-बलि भी दी जाती थी।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 4.
वैदिक काल में विज्ञान का वर्णन करें।
उत्तर-
वैदिक साहित्य से पता चलता है कि वैदिक काल में विज्ञान की भिन्न-भिन्न शाखाएं बहुत विकसित थीं। ये शाखाएं निम्नलिखित थीं –
1. गणित-गणित तथा इसकी शाखाएं जैसे कि बीज गणित, रेखा गणित तथा त्रिकोणमिति आदि बहुत विकसित थीं।
2. खगोल तथा ज्योतिष विद्या-लोगों को ग्रहों की गति, सूर्य तथा चन्द्र ग्रहण और पृथ्वी का अपनी धुरी पर एवं सूर्य के इर्द-गिर्द परिक्रमा के बारे में ज्ञान था।
3. चिकित्सा विज्ञान-चिकित्सा विज्ञान को आयुर्वेद कहा जाता था। चिकित्सा विज्ञान भी उन्नत था।

निबन्धात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
‘आर्य’ शब्द से क्या अभिप्राय है? आर्य लोग मूल रूप से कहां के रहने वाले थे?
उत्तर-
‘आर्य’ शब्द से अभिप्राय है-सर्वोत्तम, शिक्षित तथा सभ्य। वैदिक सभ्यता के लोगों को आमतौर पर आर्य कहा जाता है। आरम्भ में ये लोग पंजाब में यमुना नदी से लेकर अफ़गानिस्तान की सीमा तक रहते थे, लेकिन बाद में ये लोग पूर्व तथा दक्षिण में गंगा नदी के मैदानों में फैल गए।

आर्यों का मूल निवास स्थान-आर्य लोगों के मूल निवास स्थान के बारे में निश्चित रूप से कुछ नहीं कहा जा सकता।

  1. कुछ विद्वानों का विचार है कि ये लोग मध्य एशिया से पंजाब में आए थे। .
  2. कुछ विद्वानों के अनुसार, ये लोग रूस के यूरोपीय सीमावर्ती क्षेत्रों से पंजाब में आए थे।
  3. बहुत-से विद्वानों का विचार है कि ये लोग बाहर से नहीं आए थे, बल्कि पंजाब के ही मूल निवासी थे।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 वैदिक काल

प्रश्न 2.
ऋग्वैदिक आर्यों के राजनीतिक जीवन के बारे में लिखें।
उत्तर-
ऋग्वैदिक आर्यों के राजनीतिक जीवन का वर्णन इस प्रकार है –
1. प्रशासनिक संगठन-प्रशासन की सबसे छोटी इकाई ग्राम थी, जिसका मुखिया ग्रामीणी होता था। कई ग्रामों के मेल से एक विश तथा विशों के मेल से जन अथवा कबीला बनता था। विश का मुखिया विशपति तथा जन का मुखिया राजन कहलाता था।

2. राजा तथा उसके अधिकारी-राजा का पद पैतृक होता था। परन्तु कभी-कभी उसका चुनाव भी किया जाता था। उसकी अनेक शक्तियां थीं, परन्तु सभा और समिति उसकी शक्तियों को सीमित रखती थीं। शासन-कार्यों में राजा की सहायता के लिए पुरोहित, सेनानी तथा अन्य अधिकारी होते थे।

3. सभा और समिति-ऋग्वैदिक काल में सभा और समिति का विशेष महत्त्व था। समिति राजा की एक सलाहकार संस्था थी। राजा प्रायः इसके निर्णयों को मानते थे। सभा, समिति की एक स्थायी संस्था थी जो समिति की देख-रेख में ही कार्य करती थी।

4. न्याय प्रणाली-आर्यों की न्याय प्रणाली विकसित थी। अपराधी को कठोर दण्ड दिया जाता था।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Agriculture Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Guide पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ Textbook Questions and Answers

(क) एक-दो शब्दों में उत्तर दो –

प्रश्न 1.
प्रत्येक व्यक्ति को प्रतिदिन कितनी सब्जी की आवश्यकता है ?
उत्तर-
300 ग्राम।

प्रश्न 2.
पंजाब में सब्जियों की काश्त कितने क्षेत्रफल में होती है ?
उत्तर-
दो लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्रफल।

प्रश्न 3.
दो गर्मियों की सब्जियों के नाम बताओ।
उत्तर-
भिण्डी, कद्दू जाति की सब्जियाँ।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 4.
एक एकड़ आलू की बुवाई के लिए कितने बीज की आवश्यकता होती है ?
उत्तर-
8-12 क्विंटल बीज प्रति एकड़ की आवश्यकता होती है।

प्रश्न 5.
मिर्च की दो किस्मों के नाम बताओ।
उत्तर-
पंजाब तेज़, सी०एच०-1, पंजाब सुर्ख।

प्रश्न 6.
टमाटर की बुवाई कौन-से महीने में की जाती है ?
उत्तर-
नवंबर के महीने।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 7.
भिण्डी का औसत झाड़ प्रति एकड़ कितना होता है ?
उत्तर-
50 क्विंटल।

प्रश्न 8.
कदू जाति की दो सब्जियों के नाम लिखो।
उत्तर-
पेठा, करेला, टीडा, चप्पन कदू।

प्रश्न 9.
जड़ वाली सब्जियों के नाम बताओ।
उत्तर-
मूली, गाजर, शलगम।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 10.
मिर्च की फसल के लिए प्रति एकड़ बीज की मात्रा बताओ।
उत्तर-
200 ग्राम।

(ख) एक-दो वाक्यों में उत्तर दो –

प्रश्न 1.
सब्जियों को सुरक्षित भोजन क्यों कहा जाता है ?
उत्तर-
सब्जियों में प्रोटीन, विटामिन, खनिज पदार्थ होते हैं जो शरीर की रक्षा के लिए बहुत ज़रूरी हैं। इसलिए इनको सुरक्षित भोजन कहा जाता है।

प्रश्न 2.
सब्जियों का उदाहरण देते हुए उन्हें मौसम अनुसार बांटिए।
उत्तर-
गर्मी की सब्ज़ियां-टमाटर, बैंगन, भिंडी, कद्र जाति की सब्जियां आदि। सर्दी की सब्जियां-पालक, मटर, गोभी, गाजर, मेथी आदि।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 3.
संतुलित खुराक से क्या भाव है ?
उत्तर-
संतुलित खुराक ऐसी खुराक है जिसमें मनुष्य के शरीर के लिए आवश्यक सभी खुराकी तत्त्व; जैसे–प्रोटीन, विटामिन, चर्बी, धातुएं; जैसे-कैल्शियम, लोहा, कार्बोज़ आदि आवश्यक मात्रा में मौजूद होते हैं।

प्रश्न 4.
चार गर्मियों की तथा चार सर्दियों की सब्जियों के नाम लिखो।
उत्तर-
गर्मी की सब्जियां-भिंडी, मिर्च, टमाटर, बैंगन। सर्दी की सब्जियां-पालक, मेथी, मूली, गाजर।

प्रश्न 5.
सब्जियों में पाए जाने वाले भोजन के तत्त्वों के बारे में बताओ।
उत्तर-
सब्जियों में प्रोटीन, विटामिन, खनिज पदार्थ आदि तत्त्व मिलते हैं।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 6.
आलू की प्रमुख किस्मों के नाम बताओ।
उत्तर-
कुफरी पुखराज, कुफरी ज्योति, कुफरी संधुरी तथा कुफरी बादशाह।

प्रश्न 7.
पत्तेदार सब्जियां कौन-कौन सी हैं तथा ये कब और अधिकतर कहां उगाई जाती हैं ?
उत्तर-
पत्तेदार सब्जियां हैं-धनिया, पालक, मेथे, मेथी आदि। इनको सर्दी ऋतु में बोया जाता है।

प्रश्न 8.
मिर्च की पनीरी की बुवाई की सिफ़ारिश कब की जाती है ?
उत्तर-
मिर्च की पनीरी के लिए बुवाई अंत अक्तूबर से मध्य नबंवर में की जाती है।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 9.
मटर भूमि की उत्पादन क्षमता कैसे बढ़ाते हैं ?
उत्तर-
मटर की जड़ों में लाभदायक जीवाणु होते हैं जोकि भूमि में नाइट्रोजन की मात्रा बढ़ाते हैं। इस तरह भूमि की उपजाऊ शक्ति बढ़ जाती है।

प्रश्न 10.
सर्द ऋतु की सब्जियों के बारे में बताइए।
उत्तर-
ऐसी सब्जियां जिनको विकसित होने के लिए अधिक ठण्डे मौसम की आवश्यकता होती है, को सर्द ऋतु वाली सब्जियां कहते हैं; जैसे-मटर, गोभी, पालक, मेथी, मेथे, गाजर आदि।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

(ग) पाँच-छ: वाक्यों में उत्तर दो –

प्रश्न 1.
निम्नलिखित सब्जियों के बारे में संक्षेप में बताइए :

  • मिर्च
  • प्याज
  • आलू
  • भिंडी।

उत्तर-
1. मिर्च की काश्त-

  1. किस्म-सी० एच०-1, सी०एच०-3, पंजाब तेज़, पंजाब सुर्ख।
  2. काश्त अधीन क्षेत्रफल-7.67 हज़ार हैक्टेयर।
  3. मौसम-गर्म तथा नमीयुक्त मौसम।
  4. बीज की मात्रा-एक एकड़ के लिए 200 ग्राम बीज की आवश्यकता होती है। इसको एक मरले में बो कर पनीरी तैयार की जाती है।
  5. बुवाई का समय-अंत अक्तूबर से मध्य नबंवर तक पनीरी की बुवाई तथा खेत में पनीरी की बुवाई फरवरी-मार्च महीने में की जाती है।

2. प्याज की काश्त –

  1. किस्में-पंजाब व्हाइट, पंजाब नरोया तथा पी०आर०ओ०-6.
  2. मौसम-यह सर्दियों की महत्त्वपूर्ण फसल है।
  3. पनीरी लगाने का समय-अक्तूबर से नंवबर तथा दिसम्बर या जनवरी।
  4. बीज की मात्रा-4-5 किलो बीज।

3. आलू की काश्त

  1. काश्त अधीन क्षेत्रफल-पंजाब में सबसे अधिक क्षेत्रफल आलू की कृषि के अधीन है।
  2. किस्में-कुफरी पुखराज, कुफरी ज्योति, कुफरी संधुरी तथा कुफरी बादशाह।
  3. मौसम-ठण्डा मौसम।
  4. बीज की आवश्यकता-एक एकड़ के लिए 8-12 क्विंटल बीज।
  5. बुवाई का समय-सितंबर-अक्तूबर।
  6. बुवाई का ढंग-हाथ से या ट्रांसप्लांटर से बुवाई की जाती है।
  7. उपज-100 क्विंटल से 140 क्विंटल तक।

4. भिण्डी की काश्त-

  1. किस्में-पंजाब-7 तथा पंजाब-8
  2. बुवाई का समय-फरवरी-मार्च तथा बरसात ऋतु में जून-जुलाई।
  3. उत्पादन-प्रति एकड़ 50 क्विटल।

प्रश्न 2.
सब्जियां मनुष्य के भोजन का अभिन्न अंग क्यों हैं ?
उत्तर-
सब्ज़ियां मनुष्य के भोजन का अभिन्न अंग हैं। सब्जियों में मनुष्य के शरीर के लिए आवश्यक खुराकी तत्त्व मौजूद होते हैं; जैसे कि इनमें प्रोटीन, खनिज, विटामिन आदि सभी तत्त्व भिन्न-भिन्न मात्रा में होते हैं। इसी कारण सब्जियों को सुरक्षित भोजन भी कहा जाता है।
खुराकी विशेषज्ञों के अनुसार एक व्यक्ति को अपने शरीर को स्वस्थ रखने के लिए प्रतिदिन 300 ग्राम सब्जियों की आवश्यकता होती है।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 3.
मटरों में कौन-सा टीका लगता है तथा क्यों ?
उत्तर-
मटर एक फलीदार फसल है। मटर भूमि की उपजाऊ शक्ति बढ़ाते हैं । यह भूमि में नाइट्रोजन की मात्रा बढ़ाने में सहायक है। इसके बीज को बोने से पहले राइज़ोबीयम के टीके द्वारा शोधित किया जाता है। इससे फलियों का उत्पादन तथा फलियों में दानों की मात्रा बढ़ती है। यह टीका पंजाब कृषि विश्वविद्यालय लुधियाना से प्राप्त किया जाता है।

प्रश्न 4.
विभिन्न जड़ वाली सब्जियाँ कौन-कौन सी हैं ? इनकी उन्नत किस्में तथा बुवाई के समय के बारे में बताओ।
उत्तर-
गाजर-पी.सी.-34, पंजाब ब्लैक ब्यूटी
मूली-पंजाब पसंद, पूसा चेतकी
शलगम-एल-1
जड़ वाली सब्जियों की बुवाई सितम्बर-अक्तूबर में की जाती है।

प्रश्न 5.
कद्दू जाति के सब्जियों के बारे में आप क्या जानते हैं ?
उत्तर-
कद्दू जाति की सब्जियां-घीया-कद्, घीया तोरी, चप्पन कद्दू, टींडा, करेला, काली तोरी, खरबूजा, तर, तरबूज, पेठा, खीरा आदि।
बुवाई का समय-फरवरी से मार्च
बीज की मात्रा-प्रति एकड़ लगभग 2 किलो बीज
तैयारी-पेठा तैयार होने को 4-5 महीने लगते हैं तथा अन्य सब्जियाँ 2-3 महीने में तैयार हो जाती हैं।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

Agriculture Guide for Class 6 PSEB पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ Important Questions and Answers

बहुत छोटे उत्तरों वाले प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
आलू कौन-से मौसम की सब्जी है ?
उत्तर-
ठण्डे मौसम की।

प्रश्न 2.
प्रतिदिन सब्जियों की आवश्यकता बारे बताएं।
उत्तर-
300 ग्राम प्रतिदिन।

प्रश्न 3.
आलू की बुवाई के लिए बीज की आवश्यकता बताएं।
उत्तर-
8-12 क्विंटल।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 4.
मिर्च के लिए बीज की आवश्यकता बताएं।
उत्तर-
200 ग्राम बीज प्रति एकड़।

प्रश्न 5.
पंजाब में मिर्च की काश्त के अधीन क्षेत्रफल बताएं।
उत्तर-
7.67 हज़ार हैक्टेयर।

प्रश्न 6.
पंजाब छुहारा किस की किस्म है ?
उत्तर-
टमाटर की।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 7.
टमाटर के लिए बीज की मात्रा बताएं।
उत्तर-
एक एकड़ के लिए 100 ग्राम बीज की आवश्यकता है।

प्रश्न 8.
कद् जाति के लिए बीज की मात्रा बताएं।
उत्तर-
2 किलो बीज प्रति एकड।

प्रश्न 9.
भिण्डी की किस्मों के बारे में लिखें।
उत्तर-
पंजाब-7, पंजाब-8.

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 10.
गोभी की उन्नत किस्मों के बारे में लिखें।
उत्तर-
पूसा स्नोवाल-1, पूसा स्नोवाल-के-1.

प्रश्न 11.
गोभी की फसल कितने दिनों में तैयार हो जाती है ?
उत्तर-
90-100 दिनों में।

प्रश्न 12.
गोभी की बुवाई का समय बताएं।
उत्तर-
सितंबर-अक्तूबर।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 13.
मटर की बुवाई के लिए बीज की मात्रा बताएं।
उत्तर-
30-45 किलो प्रति एकड़।

प्रश्न 14.
मटर के बीज को बोने से पहले कौन-सा टीका लगाया जाता है ?
उत्तर-
राइजोबियम का।

प्रश्न 15.
पंजाब नगीना किसकी किस्म है ?
उत्तर-
बैंगन।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 16.
प्याज़ की किस्मों के नाम लिखो।
उत्तर-
पंजाब व्हाइट, पंजाब नरोया, पी०आर०ओ०-6.

प्रश्न 17.
मूली, गाजर के लिए बीज की मात्रा बताएं।
उत्तर-
4-5 किलो बीज प्रति एकड़।

प्रश्न 18.
शलगम के लिए बीज की मात्रा बताओ।
उत्तर-
प्रति एकड़ 2-3 किलो बीज।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 19.
पी०सी० 34 किसकी किस्म है ?
उत्तर-
गाजर की।

प्रश्न 20.
टमाटर किस ऋतु की फसल है ?
उत्तर-
गर्मी की।

छोटे उत्तरों वाले प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
बैंगन की काश्त के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर-
बैंगन की किस्में-पंजाब सदाबहार, पी०बी०एच०-3, पंजाब नगीना।
बुवाई का ढंग-पहले पनीरी लगाई जाती है तथा फिर उखाड़ कर, पौधे कतारों में लगाए जाते हैं।
वर्ष में फसलों की संख्या-वर्ष में 4 बार फसल ली जा सकती है।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

प्रश्न 2.
गोभी की फसल के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर-
किस्में-पूसा स्नोवाल-1, पूसा स्नोवाल-के-1
मौसम-सर्द मौसम की सब्जी।
तैयारी के लिए समय-90-100 दिन
बीज की आवश्यकता-250-500 ग्राम बीज प्रति एकड़
बुवाई का समय-सितम्बर-अक्तूबर
बुवाई का ढंग-पहले पनीरी तैयार की जाती है।

प्रश्न 3.
टमाटर की काश्त के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर–
किस्में-पंजाब वर्षा बहार-

1. पंजाब रत्ता, पंजाब वर्षा बहार-2, टी०एच०-1, पंजाब छुहारा।
मौसम-गर्म ऋतु की फसल
बुवाई का समय-नवंबर
बीज की आवश्यकता-एक एकड़ की पनीरी के लिए 100 ग्राम बीज की आवश्यकता है।

प्रश्न 4.
पंजाब में कुल सब्जियों के अधीन क्षेत्रफल बताएं।
उत्तर-
पंजाब में सब्जियों की कृषि लगभग दो लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्रफल में की जाती है।

PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ

बड़े उत्तर वाला प्रश्न

प्रश्न-
आलू, मिर्च, टमाटर, गोभी, प्याज़ के लिए किस्में तथा बीज की मात्रा बताएं।
उत्तर –
PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 8 पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ 1

पंजाब की मुख्य सब्ज़ियाँ PSEB 6th Class Agriculture Notes

  • सब्जियों में प्रोटीन, विटामिन, खनिज होते हैं।
  • शरीर को स्वस्थ रखने के लिए प्रतिदिन 300 ग्राम सब्जियां खानी चाहिएं।
  • पंजाब में सब्जियों की काश्त लगभग दो लाख हैक्टेयर क्षेत्रफल में की जाती है।
  • गर्मियों की सब्जियां हैं-कदू जाति की सब्जियां, भिण्डी, टमाटर, बैंगन आदि।
  • सर्दियों की सब्जियां हैं-मटर, गोभी, पालक, मेथी, मूली, गाजर, आदि।
  • पंजाब में सब्जियों में सबसे अधिक क्षेत्रफल आलू की फसल के अधीन है।
  • आलू ठण्डे मौसम की सब्जी है, इसलिए बुवाई का उपयुक्त समय सितम्बर अक्तूबर का है।
  • आलू की किस्में हैं-कुफरी पुखराज, कुफरी ज्योति, कुफरी संधुरी, कुफरी बादशाह।
  • आलू के लिए एक एकड़ के लिए 8-12 क्विंटल बीज की आवश्यकता है।
  • मिर्च की काश्त के अधीन पंजाब में 7.67 हज़ार हैक्टेयर क्षेत्रफल है।
  • मिर्च की किस्में हैं-सी०एच०-1, सी०एच०-3, पंजाब तेज़ आदि।
  • मिर्च की बुवाई के लिए 200 ग्राम बीज एक मरले में पनीरी के लिए बहुत
  • टमाटर की किस्में हैं-पंजाब रत्ता, पंजाब वर्षा बहार-1, पंजाब वर्षा बहार-2, टी०एच०-1, पंजाब छुहारा।।
  • टमाटर के एक एकड़ पनीरी के लिए 100 ग्राम बीज की आवश्यकता है।
  • घीया कद्रू, चप्पन कद्दू, करेला, टीडा, घीया तोरी, खरबूजा, तरबूज, तर, खीरा, पेठा आदि कद्रू जाति की सब्जियां हैं।
  • कद् जाति के लिए प्रति एकड़ 2 किलो बीज की आवश्यकता है।
  • भिण्डी की किस्में हैं-पंजाब-7, पंजाब-8.
  • बैंगन की किस्में हैं, बी०एच०-2, पंजाब सदाबहार, पी०बी०एच०-3, पंजाब नगीना।
  • बैंगन की पहले पनीरी लगाई जाती है।
  • गोभी की किस्में हैं-पूसा स्नोवाल-1, पूसा स्नोवाल-के-1.
  • एक एकड़ की पनीरी के लिए गोभी के 250-500 ग्राम बीज की आवश्यकता है।
  • मटर की किस्में हैं-मिट्ठी फली, पंजाब-88, पंजाब-89.
  • मटर का 30-45 किलो बीज एक एकड़ के हिसाब से आवश्यक है।
  • प्याज की किस्में हैं-पंजाब व्हाइट, पंजाब नरोआ, पी०आर०ओ०-6.
  • प्याज की पनीरी तैयार करने के लिए 4-5 किलो बीज की आवश्यकता है।
  • जड़ वाली सब्जियां हैं-मूली, गाजर, शलगम।
  • धनिया, पालक, मेथी आदि पत्तेदार सब्जियां हैं।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

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Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB हड़प्पा सभ्यता Textbook Questions and Answers

I. निम्न प्रश्नों के उत्तर लिखें

प्रश्न 1.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के कुछ महत्त्वपूर्ण नगरों के नाम बतायें।
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के महत्त्वपूर्ण नगर हड़प्पा, मोहनजोदड़ो, लोथल, कालीबंगन, बनवाली आदि थे।

प्रश्न 2.
सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों के सामाजिक जीवन के बारे में आप क्या जानते
उत्तर–
सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता के लोगों का सामाजिक जीवन बहुत विकसित था। समाज में तीन वर्गों के लोग रहते थे। पहला वर्ग अमीर लोगों, दूसरा वर्ग किसानों तथा छोटे-छोटे पेशेवर लोगों का और तीसरा वर्ग मज़दूरों का था। लोगों का रहन-सहन आज की तरह ही था। लोगों के भोजन के मुख्य पदार्थ गेहूं, ज्वार, चावल, दालें, फल, सब्जियां तथा दूध थे। कुछ लोग मांसाहारी भी थे। लोग सूती तथा ऊनी, दोनों प्रकार के कपड़े पहनते थे। स्त्रियां तथा पुरुष, दोनों शृंगार करते थे तथा आभूषण पहनते थे। अमीर लोग सोने-चांदी एवं कीमती पत्थरों के आभूषण जबकि ग़रीब लोग हड्डियों, पकी मिट्टी तथा मनकों के बने हुए आभूषण पहनते थे।

लोग खेलों के शौकीन थे। नाचना-गाना, जुआ अथवा चौपड़ खेलना, शिकार करना आदि मनोरंजन के मुख्य साधन थे। बच्चों के खेलने के लिए पकी मिट्टी के तरह-तरह के खिलौने बनाये जाते थे, जिनमें जानवरों की मूर्तियां तथा बैलगाड़ियां आदि प्रमुख थीं।

प्रश्न 3.
सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता की नगर योजना के बारे में एक नोट लिखें।
उत्तर-
सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता में नगर-निर्माण उच्चकोटि का था। नगर दो भागों में बंटे हुए थे-ऊंचा भाग तथा निचला भाग। ऊंचे भाग में बड़े-बड़े धार्मिक तथा सार्वजनिक भवन थे। यहां शासक वर्ग के लोग रहते थे। निचले भाग में साधारण लोगों के निवास स्थान थे। नगरों की सड़कें सीधी जाती थीं तथा एक-दूसरी को समकोण पर काटती थीं। नगरों में नालियों की बहुत अच्छी व्यवस्था की गई थी, जिसके कारण नगर में सफ़ाई रहती थी।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 4.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के पतन के क्या कारण थे?
उत्तर-
लगभग 1500 ई० पूर्व हड़प्पा सभ्यता का पतन हो गया। इस सभ्यता के पतन के कारणों के बारे में निश्चित रूप से कुछ नहीं कहा जा सकता। भिन्न-भिन्न विद्वानों ने अपने-अपने अनुमान के अनुसार इसके पतन के कारण बताये हैं –

1. कुछ विद्वानों का विचार है कि आर्य लोगों ने सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों के साथ युद्ध करके उन्हें हरा दिया था। फलस्वरूप हड़प्पा सभ्यता नष्ट हो गई। परन्तु इस विचार को आज कोई महत्त्व नहीं दिया जाता।

2. कुछ विद्वानों के अनुसार सिन्धु तथा इसकी सहायक नदियों में लगातार बाढ़ आने के कारण इस सभ्यता का नाश हो गया।

3. कुछ विद्वानों का कथन है कि लगभग 1900 ई० पू० सरस्वती नदी के सूख जाने के कारण हड़प्पा सभ्यता के लोग पूर्व की ओर गंगा के मैदान में चले गए थे। .

4. कुछ विद्वानों के अनुसार भूकम्प अथवा किसी अन्य प्राकृतिक विपदा के कारण इस सभ्यता का अन्त हो गया था।

5. कुछ विद्वानों के अनुसार सिन्धु घाटी की भूमि में रेगिस्तान फैल गया तथा इसमें ण की मात्रा बढ़ गई। परिणामस्वरूप भूमि की उपजाऊ-शक्ति समाप्त हो गई। अतः धु घाटी के लोग अन्य स्थानों पर जाकर रहने लगे।

प्रश्न 5.
सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों का आर्थिक जीवन कैसा था?
उत्तर–
सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों का आर्थिक जीवन समृद्ध था। लोगों के मुख्य व्यवसाय कृषि, पशुपालन तथा व्यापार थे। इसके अतिरिक्त लोग कुछ अन्य उद्योग-धन्धे भी करते थे।

1. कृषि-सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों का मुख्य व्यवसाय कृषि था। सिंचाई नदियों द्वारा की जाती थी। गेहूं, चावल, जौ तथा कपास की कृषि मुख्य रूप में होती थी। खेतों को हल तथा बैलों के साथ जोता जाता था। लोग तिल तथा सरसों भी पैदा करते थे।

2. पशुपालन-लोग बैल, भैंस, भेड़, बकरियां, ऊंट, हाथी, घोड़े तथा कुत्ते पालते थे।

3. व्यापार-नगर व्यापार के केन्द्र थे। गाड़ियों तथा नौकाओं में माल लाया जाता था। मुद्रा की कमी के कारण व्यापार वस्तुओं की अदला-बदली द्वारा ही होता था। व्यापार देशी तथा विदेशी, दोनों प्रकार का था। विदेशी व्यापार मुख्य तौर पर अफ़गानिस्तान, ईरान तथा मैसोपोटामिया के साथ होता था।

4. अन्य उद्योग-धन्धे-पत्थर तथा तांबे की अनेक वस्तुएं बनाई जाती थीं। शिल्पकार मूर्तियां, बर्तन, औज़ार तथा हथियार आदि बनाते थे। कपड़े की छपाई तथा सूत कातने का कार्य भी होता था।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 6.
पंजाब में हड़प्पा सभ्यता के किन्हीं दो केन्द्रों के बारे में लिखें।
उत्तर-
पुरातत्त्व विशेषज्ञों ने पंजाब में खुदाई करके हड़प्पा सभ्यता के अनेक केन्द्रों की खोज की है। ये केन्द्र संघोल, रोहीड़ा, सुनेत तथा कोटला निहंग खान हैं। इन केन्द्रों में से संघोल तथा रोहीड़ा केन्द्रों का वर्णन इस प्रकार है –

1. संघोल-संघोल एक छोटा-सा गांव है जो ज़िला लुधियाना में लुधियाना-चण्डीगढ़ सड़क पर स्थित है। इसे ‘ऊंचा गांव’ भी कहा जाता है। यहां की खुदाई से 2000 ई० पूर्व के समय के लोगों की जानकारी प्राप्त हुई है। यहां कुछ मूर्तियां, मिट्टी के बर्तन, माला के मनके तथा तांबे के औज़ार मिले हैं। इन वस्तुओं का सम्बन्ध हड़प्पा सभ्यता से है।

2. रोहीड़ा-रोहीड़ा जिला संगरूर में स्थित है। यहां की खुदाई से बर्तन, पकी ईंटें, मिट्टी के खिलौने आदि मिले हैं। यहां खुदाई का काम 1976-77 ई० में किया गया था।

II. रिक्त स्थानों की पूर्ति करें

  1. हड़प्पा सभ्यता मिस्र की सभ्यता से लगभग ………… गुणा विशाल थी।
  2. पंजाब में ………, …, ………. तथा …….. में इस (हड़प्पा) सभ्यता के अवशेष प्राप्त हुए हैं।
  3. मकान …………. तथा ……………. के बने हुए थे।
  4. एक विशाल …………. भवन मोहनजोदड़ो से प्राप्त हुआ है।
  5. मर्द तथा स्त्रियां दोनों …………. तथा …………. के शौकीन थे।
  6. लोग …………. की पूजा करते थे।
  7. पीपल के वृक्ष को ………….. समझा जाता था।

उत्तर-

  1. बीस
  2. कोटला निहंग खां, संघोल, रोहिड़ा, सुनेत
  3. पक्की ईंटों, लकड़ी
  4. स्तम्भों वाला
  5. आभूषणों (गहनों), फैशन
  6. मातृ देवी
  7. पवित्र।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

III. सही जोड़े बनायें

(1) पशुपति – (क) बन्दरगाह
(2) मोहनजोदड़ो – (ख) लेखन कला
(3) लोथल – (ग) देवता
(4) चित्रलिपि – (घ) विशाल स्नानगृह।
उत्तर-सही जोड़े
(1) पशुपति – देवता
(2) मोहनजोदड़ो – विशाल स्नानगृह
(3) लोथल – बन्दरगाह
(4) चित्रलिपि – लेखन कला

IV. सही (✓) अथवा ग़लत (✗) का निशान लगायें

  1. रोपड़ पाकिस्तान में स्थित है।
  2. हड़प्पा के लोग मातृदेवी की पूजा नहीं करते थे।
  3. पंजाब में सिन्धु सभ्यता के कोई अवशेष नहीं मिले हैं।
  4. सिन्धु घाटी के लोगों को लेखन कला नहीं आती थी।

उत्तर-

  1. (✗)
  2. (✗)
  3. (✗)
  4. (✗)

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide हड़प्पा सभ्यता Important Questions and Answers

कम से कम शब्दों में उत्तर वाले प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
पंजाब का एक हड़प्पा-स्थल लुधियाना जिले में स्थित है जिसे उच्चपिंड कहा जाता है। क्या आप उसका नाम बता सकते हैं?
उत्तर-
संघोल।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 2.
हड़प्पा तथा मोहनजोदड़ो हड़प्पा सभ्यता के दो प्रमुख स्थल हैं। बताइए इनके अवशेष वर्तमान में किस देश में हैं?
उत्तर-
पाकिस्तान में।

प्रश्न 3.
सिंधु घाटी की सभ्यता की कांस्य की नृत्यांगना की मूर्ति किस प्राचीन स्थल से मिली है?
उत्तर-
मोहनजोदड़ो।

बहु-विकल्पीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
निम्न में से कौन-सा हड़प्पा स्थल हरियाणा से संबंध नहीं रखता?
(क) सुनेत
(ख) बनवाली
(ग) मिताथल
उत्तर-
(क) सुनेत

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 2.
नीचे दिखाई गई योगी की मूर्ति का संबंध निम्न में से किस सभ्यता से है?
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 हड़प्पा सभ्यता 1
(क) गुप्तकालीन सभ्यता
(ख) वैदिक सभ्यता
(ग) हड़प्पा सभ्यता।
उत्तर-
(ग) हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 3.
हड़प्पा की कुछ मुद्राओं पर एक चित्रलिपि में लेख मिलते हैं। इससे क्या पता चलता है?
(क) लोग मुद्राएं बनाने में निपुण थे।
(ख) उन्हें लेखन कला का ज्ञान था।
(ग) वे मूर्तियों पर उनके बनाने की तिथि लिखते थे।
उत्तर-
(ख) उन्हें लेखन कला का ज्ञान था।

अति लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता को सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता क्यों कहते हैं?
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के कई स्थान सिन्धु तथा इसकी सहायक नदियों के किनारे हुए थे। इसीलिए इसे सिन्धु घाटी सभ्यता भी कहते हैं।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 2.
हड़प्पा की सभ्यता के आरम्भ होने का लगभग समय बताएं।
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता का आरम्भ आज से लगभग 7000 वर्ष पूर्व हुआ।

प्रश्न 3.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता की सड़कों की क्या विशेषता थी?
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता की सड़कें सीधी थीं तथा एक-दूसरी को समकोण पर काटती थीं। वायु चलने पर ये अपने आप साफ़ हो जाती थीं।

प्रश्न 4.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता का विशाल स्नानगृह कहां मिला है?
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता का विशाल स्नानगृह मोहनजोदड़ो में मिला है।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 5.
पंजाब में हड़प्पा सभ्यता के किन्हीं चार स्थानों के नाम बताएं।
उत्तर-
पंजाब में हड़प्पा सभ्यता के चार स्थान संघोल, रोहिड़ा, सुनेत तथा कोटला निहंग खां हैं।

प्रश्न 6.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता की नालियों की दो विशेषताएं बताएं।
उत्तर-

  1. हड़प्पा सभ्यता की नालियां भूमिगत थीं।
  2. शहर की नालियों का पानी एक बड़ी नाली द्वारा शहर से बाहर जाता था।

प्रश्न 7.
वर्तमान हरियाणा में हड़प्पा सभ्यता के स्थानों के नाम बताएं।
उत्तर-
(1) बनावली,
(2) राखीगढ़ी,
(3) मिताथल,
(4) कुनाल।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 8.
पंजाब में हड़प्पा सभ्यता के स्थानों की खुदाई करने वाले दो पुरातत्ववेताओं के नाम लिखो।
उत्तर-
आर० डी० बैनर्जी तथा दया राम साहनी।

लघु उत्तरीय प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
संसार की आरम्भिक सभ्यताओं का विकास नदियों के किनारों पर क्यों हुआ?
उत्तर-
संसार की आरम्भिक सभ्यताओं का विकास नदियों के किनारों पर निम्नलिखित कारणों से हुआ –

  1. नदी घाटियों का निर्माण नदियों द्वारा लाई गई मिट्टी से हुआ था। इसलिए ये बहुत । उपजाऊ थे।
  2. लोगों को पर्याप्त मात्रा में पानी प्राप्त होता था।
  3. यातायात तथा सामान लाने-ले जाने के लिए नदियों का प्रयोग किया जा सकता था।

प्रश्न 2.
संसार की आरम्भिक सभ्यताओं के चार केन्द्र बताओ।
उत्तर-
संसार की आरम्भिक सभ्यताओं के चार केन्द्र ये थे –

  1. नील नदी की घाटी (मिस्र),
  2. दज़ला तथा फ़रात नदियों की घाटी (मैसोपोटामिया),
  3. सिन्धु नदी की घाटी (सिन्धु),
  4. ह्वांग-हो तथा यंगसी-क्यांग नदियों की घाटी (चीन)।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

प्रश्न 3.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता का विस्तार बताएं।
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता का विस्तार भारतीय उपमहाद्वीप के उत्तर-पश्चिमी भाग में लगभग सिन्धु नदी से लेकर प्राचीन सरस्वती (आधुनिक घग्गर नदी) नदी तक था। इसमें वर्तमान पाकिस्तान, पंजाब, हरियाणा, राजस्थान, गुजरात, पश्चिमी उत्तर प्रदेश के कुछ भाग तथा दक्षिणी अफगानिस्तान शामिल थे।

प्रश्न 4.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के मकानों के निर्माण का वर्णन करें।
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता में मकान पकी ईंटों तथा लकड़ी से बनाये जाते थे। मकान के निर्माण में पत्थरों का प्रयोग बहुत कम किया जाता था। बड़े मकानों में अनेक कमरे होते थे जबकि छोटे मकान एक या दो कमरों वाले होते थे। प्रत्येक घर में एक रसोईघर तथा स्नान-गृह होता था। कई बड़े मकान दो-मंजिला भी होते थे तथा इनमें एक आंगन तथा कुआं होता था। मकान की नालियों का निकास बाहर गली की भूमिगत नालियों में होता था।

प्रश्न 5.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के मुख्य भवनों के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर-
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के मुख्य भवन निम्नलिखित थे –

1. विशाल स्नानगृह-यह वर्माकार भवन मोहनजोदड़ो में मिला है। ऐसा माना जाता है कि विशेष अवसरों पर लोग स्नान करने के लिए यहां इकट्ठे होते थे।
2. अनाज के गोदाम-ये भवन हड़प्पा तथा मोहनजोदड़ो में मिले हैं।
3. सभा भवन-मोहनजोदड़ो में स्तम्भों वाला एक भवन मिला है। इसका प्रयोग शायद सभा करने के लिए किया जाता था।

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 हड़प्पा सभ्यता

निबन्धात्मक प्रश्न

प्रश्न 1.
हड़प्पा सभ्यता के लोगों के भोजन, वस्त्रों तथा आभूषणों के बारे में बताएं।
उत्तर-
भोजन-हड़प्पा सभ्यता के लोगों का भोजन सभ्य लोगों जैसा था। वे गेहूं, चावल, सब्जियां, फल तथा दूध का प्रयोग करते थे। कुछ लोग माँस तथा मछली भी ख़ाते थे

वस्त्र-हड़प्पा सभ्यता के लोग सूती तथा ऊनी वस्त्र पहनते थे। खुदाई में पुरुष की एक मूर्ति मिली है जिससे पता चलता है कि लोग धोती की तरह की एक पोशाक र कन्धों पर शाल जैसे वस्त्र का प्रयोग करते थे। स्त्रियों के वस्त्र भी कुछ इसी प्रकार के

आभूषण-हड़प्पा सभ्यता की स्त्रियां तथा पुरुष, दोनों आभूषण पहनने के शौका थे। आभूषण सोने, चाँदी, हाथी दांत तथा तांबे आदि के बनाये जाते थे। मुख्य आभूषणों में हार, बालों के गहने, हाथ के कंगन, अंगूठियां आदि सम्मिलित थीं। स्त्रियों के कुछ विशेष गहने तरागड़ी, नाक के कांटे, बुंदे, पायजेब आदि थे। धनी लोग सोने, चाँदी, हाथी दांत तथा कीमती मोतियों के बने गहने पहनते थे, जबकि निर्धन लोग सिप्पियों, हड्डियों, तांबे तथा पत्थर के आभूषणों का प्रयोग करते थे।

प्रश्न 2.
पंजाब के कौन-से स्थानों से हड़प्पा सभ्यता के अवशेष प्राप्त हुए हैं? किन्हीं चार स्थानों के बारे में विस्तार से लिखें।
उत्तर-
विभिन्न खुदाइयों से पता चलता है कि पंजाब भी हड़प्पा सभ्यता का मुख्य केन्द्र था। यहाँ निम्नलिखित स्थानों से हड़प्पा सभ्यता के अवशेष मिले हैं –

1. संघोल-संघोल एक छोटा-सा गांव है जो लुधियाना-चण्डीगढ़ सड़क पर स्थित है। इसे ‘ऊँचा गांव’ भी कहते हैं। यहां की खुदाइयों से 2000 ई० पूर्व के समय के लोगों की जानकारी प्राप्त हुई है। यहां कुछ मूर्तियां, मिट्टी के बर्तन, माला के मनके तथा तांबे के औज़ार मिले हैं। इन वस्तुओं का सम्बन्ध हड़प्पा सभ्यता से है।

2. रोहिड़ा-रोहिड़ा मण्डी अहमदगढ़ से 6 किलोमीटर दूर है। यहां की खुदाइयों से बर्तन, पकी ईंटें, मिट्टी के खिलौने आदि मिले हैं। ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि यहां हड़प्पा संस्कृति तथा रोहिड़ा की अपनी संस्कृति साथ-साथ फलती-फूलती रहीं।

3. सुनेत-सुनेत ज़िला लुधियाना में स्थित है। यहां की खुदाइयों से 1800 ई० पूर्व से 1400 ई० पूर्व तक की सभ्यता की जानकारी मिलती है।

4. रोपड़-यहां की खुदाइयों से मिट्टी के बर्तन तथा माला के मनके मिले हैं। ऐसा लगता है कि यह स्थान हड़प्पा सभ्यता के समय काफ़ी समृद्ध था।