Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Translation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Translation

A sentence is a well arranged group of words which makes complete sense.
शब्दों का वह सुव्यवस्थित समूह जिसका पूरा अर्थ निकले, Sentence (वाक्य) कहलाता है। जैसे:

1. Mohan is a good player.
2. Where is.your house?
3. Help me, please.
4. Hurrah ! We have won the match.

Kinds of Sentences
वाक्य चार प्रकार के होते हैं-
1. Assertive Sentences. Assertive Sentences वे वाक्य होते हैं जिनमें किसी बात (Positive या Negative) का वर्णन होता है। इन वाक्यों को Statements भी कहते हैं। इनके अन्त में Full stop (.) लगता है।

2. Interrogative Sentences. ऐसे वाक्यों से किसी प्रश्न का बोध होता है। इनके अन्त में प्रश्न चिन्ह (?) लगाया जाता है।

3. Imperative Sentences. ऐसे वाक्यों से आज्ञा, आदेश, उपदेश अथवा विनती का बोध होता है। इनके अन्त में Full stop (.) लगता है।

4. Exclamatory Sentences. ये ऐसे वाक्य होते हैं जो मन के अकस्मात् भावों को अथवा किसी इच्छा को प्रकट करते हैं। इनके अन्त में Sign of exclamation (!) लगता है। जैसे-

• May you live long !
• Hurrah ! We have passed.
• How beautiful the flower is !

Exercise 1

I. Rewrite the following jumbled groups of words as sentences. (Remember to begin with a capital letter and end with a full stop, a question mark or an exclamation mark)

1. faithful is animal the a dog.
2. so am I tired
3. grandparents fond Ali is his of
4. are when leaving for you Patiala
5. best Ravi Harpreet friends are and
6. cooks my food tasty mother
7. got rain we in wet the
8. has lakes Nainital lovely
9. graceful is Radha a dancer
10. circus the enjoyed children the
Answer:
1. The dog is a faithful animal.
2. I am so tired.
3. Ali is fond of his grandparents.
4. When are you leaving for Patiala ?
5. Ravi and Harpreet are best friends.
6. My mother cooks tasty food.
7. We got wet in the rain.
8. Nainital has lovely lakes.
9. Radha is a graceful dancer.
10. The children enjoyed the circus.

II. Make sentences of your own with the following words. The first one has been done for you:

1. fox – The fox is a cunning animal.
2. clever – He is very …………
3. beauty – There is ……….. all around us.
4. run – Don’t …………. to the water.
5. sweetly – She sings ………… .
6. behind – There is a tree …………. the hut.
7. they – ………… are good boys.
8. and – Ram ……….. Sham are good friends.
9. bouquet – This ………….. is very beautiful.
10. the – ………….. Taj is in Agra.
11. children – Nehru loved ………. .
Answer:
1. fox – The fox is a cunning animal.
2. clever – He is very clever.
3. beauty – There is beauty all around us.
4. run – Don’t run to the water.
5. sweetly – She sings sweetly.
6. behind – There is a tree behind the hut.
7. they – They are good boys.
8. and – Ram and Sham are good friends.
9. bouquet – This bouquet is very beautiful.
10. the – The Taj is in Agra.
11. children – Nehru loved children.

Exercise 2

I. Read the following sentences and say whether they are Assertive (A), Interrogative (In), Imperative (Im) or Exclamatory (E) sentences:

1. What a sweet fhango this is !
2. Where are you going for a holiday ?
3. I need your help to do this sum.
4. Please close the door.
5. Mr. Gupta is going for a walk.
6. Do you play tennis everyday ?
7. How terribly hot it is !
8. Be attentive when I teach.
9. The rainbow has seven colours.
10. Have you had your bath ?
Answer:
1. What a sweet fhango this is ! – (E)
2. Where are you going for a holiday ? – (In)
3. I need your help to do this sum. – (A)
4. Please close the door. – (Im)
5. Mr. Gupta is going for a walk. – (A)
6. Do you play tennis everyday ? – (In)
7. How terribly hot it is ! – (E)
8. Be attentive when I teach. – (Im)
9. The rainbow has seven colours. – (A)
10. Have you had your bath ? – (In)

II. Rewrite the following sentences inserting suitable punctuation marks. The first one has been done for you.

1. doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly	Doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly ?
2. nepal is a beautiful country	Nepal is a beautiful country.
3. how green the grass is	How green the grass is !
4. leave the room immediately	Leave the room immediately.
5. will you get me a glass of water	Will you get me a glass of water ?
6. sukhwinder is a great singer	Sukhwinder is a great singer.
7. what a naughty boy he is	What a naughty boy he is !
8. what is the answer to this question	What is the answer to this question ?
9. have your breakfast immediately	Have your breakfast immediately.
10. gandhiji is called the father of the nation	Gandhiji is called the Father of the Nation.
11. why do you want to go out now	Why do you want to go out now ?
12. oh god what a beautiful sight	Oh God ! what a beautiful sight!
1. doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly	Doesn’t the nightingale sing sweetly ?

III. Turn the following statements into negative and questions. The first two have been done for you.

Statements	Negative	Interrogative
1. She is a clever girl.	She is not a clever eirl.	Is she a clever eirl ?
2. Ranjit likes mangoes.	Raniit does not like mangoes.	Does Raniit like maneoes ?
3. Radha is happy.	Radha is not happy.	Is Radha happy ?
4. They have played badly.	They have not played badly.	Have they played badly ?
5. Rina bought a car.	Rina did not buy a car.	Did Rina buy a car ?
6. We are going for a picnic ?	We are not going for a picnic.	Are we going for a picnic ?
7. They went to Shimla.	They did not go to Shimla.	Did they go to Shimla ?
8. You must go home now.	You must not go home now.	Must you go home now ?
9. We returned home in the evening.	We did not return home in the evening.	Did we return home in the evening ?
10. They can speak Punjabi.	They cannot speak Punjabi.	Can they speak Punjabi ?

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Punctuation

Punctuation का अर्थ है-लिखने में प्रयुक्त विराम चिन्ह। जब कभी हम लिखते हैं तो हमें अपने भावों को स्पष्ट करने के लिए कई स्थानों पर रुकना पड़ता है। इसके लिए कुछ विशेष नियम हैं और उन्हीं के अनुसार हम विराम चिन्हों का वाक्यों में प्रयोग करते हैं। ग़लत चिन्ह लगाने से वाक्यों का अर्थ भी बदल जाता है। यह बात नीचे लिखे वाक्यों से स्पष्ट हो जाएगी।

Examples:

1. “The Sun”, said the Moon, “moves round the Earth.”
2. The Sun said, “The Moon moves round the Earth.”

ऊपर दिए गए दोनों वाक्य एक जैसे शब्द समूहों से बने हैं, परन्तु विराम चिन्ह अलग-अलग ढंग से लगाए गए हैं जिससे कि इनके अर्थों में अन्तर आ गया है।

पहले वाक्य का यह अर्थ निकलता है-
चन्द्रमा ने कहा, “सूर्य पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”
इसके विपरीत दूसरे वाक्य का अर्थ निकलता है
सूर्य ने कहा, “चन्द्रमा पृथ्वी के चारों ओर घूमता है।”

Capital Letters and Important Punctutation Marks

1. Capital Letters. [ABC]
2. Full Stop [.]
3. Comma [,]
4. Mark of Interrogation [?]
5. Inverted Commas [” “]
6. Apostrophe [‘]
7. Mark of Exclamation [!]

1. CAPITAL LETTERS

अंग्रेजी भाषा ही एकमात्र ऐसी भाषा है, जिसमें दो प्रकार के Letters (अक्षर) होते हैं

1. Capital letters (बड़े अक्षर) जैसे- A, B, C…….
2. Small letters (छोटे अक्षर) जैसे-a, b, c, ……

इन बड़े तथा छोटे अक्षरों का प्रयोग करने के विशेष नियम हैं1. प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter (अक्षर) capital (बड़ा) होता है; जैसे,
Once a fox was hungry.
The teachers are teaching.

2. Inverted Commas (” “) के भीतर लिखे जाने वाले प्रत्येक वाक्य के पहले शब्द का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Who is he?”

3. Proper Noun तथा Proper Adjective का पहला letter capital होता है; जैसे,-
I met Mohan. (Proper Noun) He is an Indian. (Proper Adjective) I visited Japan. (Proper Noun) I like English people. (Proper Adjective).

4. दिनों, महीनों, त्योहारों, पुस्तकों, जातियों आदि के नाम सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
He came here on Monday. (Day)
I read the Ramayana. (Book)
He was happy on Diwali. (Festival)

5. शब्दों का संक्षिप्त रूप (Abbreviations) प्रस्तुत करते समय capital letters का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
M.P., M.L.A., M.A., B.A.

6. भाषाओं तथा विषयों के नाम का पहला अक्षर capital होता है; जैसे,
Hindi, English, History, Science.

7. God तथा God के लिए प्रयोग किए जाने वाले pronoun (सर्वनाम) He, His, Him सदा capital letter से आरम्भ होते हैं; जैसे,
I pray to God. I pray to Him daily. I love His ways.

II. Use of Full Stop (.)

1. Exclamatory तथा Interrogative sentences को छोड़कर सभी वाक्यों के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है।
Ram ate food.
Come here.
He is a great man.

2. Abbreviations के अन्त में Full Stop का प्रयोग होता है; जैसे,
He is an M.A.
I met Mr. R.R. Sharma.
Sh. Tulsi Ram is an M.L.A.

III. Use Of Comma (,)

Comma का प्रयोग निम्नलिखित ढंग से किया जाता है:

1. एक ही Part of speech के शब्दों को पृथक करने के लिए; जैसे,-
(i) I bought a chair, a table and a fan.
(ii) He is kind, gentle and brave.

2. Apposition (व्याख्या करने वाले शब्दों) से पहले तथा बाद में; जैसे,
Ram, our friend, is going to England.

3. Reported Speech को शेष वाक्य से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
Ram said to me, “You are a good player.”

4. No तथा Yes के पश्चात्; जैसे,
No, I cannot go there.
Yes, I shall see him today.

5. तिथि को वर्ष से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
March 23, 20…. .

6. Adverb Clause को Principal Clause से अलग करने के लिए; जैसे,
When he came here, I met him.

IV. Sign of Interrogation (?)

प्रश्नवाचक चिन्ह (Sign of Interrogation) का प्रयोग प्रश्नवाचक वाक्य के अन्त में होता है; जैसे,
How are you?
Do you love me?

V. Use of Inverted Commas (” “)

(a) किसी व्यक्ति की बात को उसी के द्वारा कहे हुए शब्दों में व्यक्त करने के लिए Inverted Commas (“”) का प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
He said to me, “Where are you going ?”
Ram said to him, “How are you now ?”

(b) यदि किसी व्यक्ति द्वारा कहे गए शब्द दो भागों में हों, तो Inverted Commas दो बार आरम्भ होते हैं और दो बार बन्द होते हैं; जैसे,-
“He”, said Mohan, “is a foolish boy.”

VI. Use of Apostrophe (‘)

(a) Possessive case बनाने के लिए Noun के साथ प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Sita’s house.
Ram’s house.

(b) किसी लुप्त अक्षर के स्थान पर भी इसका प्रयोग किया जाता है; जैसे,
Don’t = Do not
Can’t = cannot
Didn’t = Did not
I’ve = I have
That’s = That is
Haven’t = Have not

VII. Sign of Exclamation (!)

1. विस्मयादि बोधक (Exclamatory) शब्दों या शब्द-समूहों के बाद; जैसे,-
What a beautiful flower !
How fine the building is !

2. सम्बोधन सूचक शब्दों के बाद; जैसे,-
Thief ! Thief ! Catch the thief.
Mother ! Mother ! I am alone.
Foolish ! Do not do it.

3. सुख-दुःख आदि प्रकट करने वाले शब्दों के साथ; जैसे,-
Alas ! I am undone.
Hurrah ! We have won the match.

4. शुभ-कामना प्रकट करने वाले वाक्यों के अन्त में; जैसे,-
May you live long !
May you succeed !

Exercises

I. Rewrite the sentences using commas and capitals, where necessary. The first one has been done for you:

1. will you get the radio for us rachna ?
Will you get the radio for us, Rachna ?

2. the gita the bible and the quran are all holy books.
The Gita, the Bible and the Quran are all holy books.

3. the stars the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.
The stars, the moon and the sun are heavenly bodies.

4. akbar the great and birbal were great admirers of each other.
Akbar the great and Birbal were great admirers of each other.

5. on reaching the banks of ganga he offered his prayers.
On reaching the banks of Ganga, he offered his prayers.

6. saying thus he breathed his last.
Saying thus, he breathed his last.

II. Rewrite the following sentences using appropriate marks of punctuation. One has been done for you:

1. what shall I bring you when I come back home said the king to his sisters.
“What shall I bring you when I come back home ?” said the king to his sisters.

2. the traveller said can you tell me the way to the nearest inn yes said the man
The traveller said, “Can you tell me the way to the nearest inn ?” “Yes”, said the man.

3. dont be afraid little boy I wont harm you I want to be your friend said the giant.
“Don’t be afraid, little boy. I won’t harm you. I want to be your friend,” said the giant.

4. will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery gaurav asked
“Will your mother not be sorry to see you without jewellery ? Gaurav asked.

5. how have you found so much wealth asked ali babas wife
“How have you found so much wealth ?” asked Ali Baba’s wife.

6. the staff room needs sweeping take the broom and sweep it said the principal.
“The staff room needs sweeping. Take the broom and sweep it,” said the Principal.

7. O king replied buddha this is the custom we always observe.
“O king”, replied Buddha, “this is the custom we always observe.”

8. mrs prasad said how much did you pay for this picture.
Mrs. Prasad said, “How much did you pay for this picture ?”

9. gopal sita radha and neelu went to ludhiana.
Gopal, Sita, Radha and Neelu went to Ludhiana.

10. the farmer said I cant give you any money
The farmer said, “I can’t give you any money.”

III. Use an apostrophe where necessary. Some may not need. One has been done for you:

1. The clowns hat had a feather.	The clown’s hat had a feather.
2. Bulbul’s eyes are brown.	Bulbul’s eyes are brown.
3. The boys ties were flying about.	The boys’ ties were flying about.
4. My sisters essay got the first prize.	My sister’s essay got the first prize.
5. The childrens books are torn.	The children’s books are torn.
6. Lets go to the zoo this evening.	Let’s go to the zoo this evening.
7. Crows nests are made of twigs.	Crows’ nests are made of twigs.
8. On Sunday therell be a fair.	On Sunday there’ll be a fair.
9. The babies dresses were on sale.	The babies dresses were on sale.

IV. Punctuate the following with commas and inverted commas, where needed.

1. Rajan said Goodbye.
2. Shiela says in our house there are chairs tables fans and radios.
3. Whose books are these ? said Rani.
4. I looked for my pen everywhere said Ali.
5. Give me the books, shouted Ranjit.
Answer:
1. Rajan said, “Goodbye.”
2. Shiela says, “In our house, there are chairs, tables, fans and radios.”
3. “Whose books are these ?” said Rani.
4. “I looked for my pen everywhere,” said Ali.
5. “Give me the books,” shouted Ranjit.

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 4 Integers Ex 4.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 4 Integers Ex 4.1

1. Write two examples from day-to-day life in which we can use positive and negative integers.
Solution:
1. If positive represents above sea level, then negative represents below sea level.
2. If positive represents a deposit, negative represents a withdrawal.

2. Write the opposite of the following:

Question (a)
A profit of ₹ 500
Solution:
A loss of ₹ 500

Question (b)
A withdrawal of ₹ 70 from bank account
Solution:
Deposit of ₹ 70 in bank account

Question (c)
A deposit of ₹ 1000
Solution:
Withdrawal of ₹ 1000

Question (d)
326 B.C
Solution:
326 AD

Question (e)
500 m below sea level
Solution:
500 m above sea level

Question (f)
25° above 0°C.
Solution:
25° below 0°C.

3. Represent the situations mentioned in integers.
Solution:
(a) + 500
(b) – 70
(c) + 1000
(d) – 326
(e) – 500 m
(f) + 25.

4. Represent the following situations in integers.

Question (a)
A deposit of ₹ 500.
Solution:
+ 500

Question (b)
An Aeroplane is flying at a height two thousand metre above the sea level.
Solution:
+ 2000

Question (c)
A withdrawal of ₹ 700 from Bank Account.
Solution:
– 700

Question (d)
A diver dives to a depth of 6 feet below ground level.
Solution:
– 6.

5. Represent the following numbers on number line.

Question (i)
(a) – 5
(b) + 6
(c) o
(d) + 1
(e) – 9
(f) – 4
(g) + 8
(h) + 3.
Solution:

6. Integers are represented on a horizontal number line as shown where A represents – 2. With reference to the number line, answer the following questions:

(a) Which point represent – 3?
(b) Locate the point which represents the opposite of B and name it P.
(c) Write integers for the points C and E.
(d) Which point marked on the number line has the least value?
Solution:

(a) Point B represents – 3.
(b) Point P represents + 3.
(c) Point C represents -7 and Point E represents + 4.
(d) Point C has the least value – 7.

7. In each of the following pairs, which number is to the right of other on the number line?

Question (i)
(a) 2 9
(b) -3, -8
(c) 0, -5
(d) -11, 10
(e) -9, 9
(f) 2, – 200.
Solution:
(a) 9
(b) – 3
(c) 0
(d) 10
(e) 9
(f) 2

8. Write all the integers between the given pairs (write them in increasing order)

Question (a)
0 and -6
Solution:
-5, -4, -3, -2, -1

Question (b)
-6 and +6
Solution:
-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5

Question (c)
-9 and -17
Solution:
-16, -15, -14, -13, -12, -11, -10

Question (d)
-19 and -5.
Solution:
-18, -17, -16, -15, -14, -13, -12, -11, -10, -9, -8, -7, -6.

9.

Question (a)
Write five negative integers greater than ‘-15’.
Solution:
Five negative integers greater than ‘-15’ are:
-14, -13, -12, -11, -10

Question (b)
Write five integers smaller than ‘-20’.
Solution:
Five integers smaller than ‘-20’ are:
-21, -22, -23, -24, -25

Question (c)
Write five integers greater than 0.
Solution:
Five integers greater than 0 are:
1,2, 3, 4, 5

Question (d)
Write five integers smaller than 0.
Solution:
Five integers smaller than 0 are:
-1, -2, -3, -4, -5.

10. Encircle the greater integer in each given pair.

(a) -5, -7
(b) 0,-3
(e) 5, 7
(d) -9, 0
(e) -9, -11
(f) -4, 4
(g) -10, -100
(h) 10, 100.
Solution:
(a) -5
(b) 0
(c) 7
(d) 0
(e) -9
(f) 4
(g) -10
(h) 100.

11. Arrange the following integers in ascending order:

Question (a)
0, -7, -9, 5, -3, 2, -4
Solution:
Ascending order of given integers is:
-9, -7, -4, -3, 0, 2, 5

Question (b)
8, -3, 7, 0, -9, -6.
Solution:
Ascending order of given integers is:
-9, -6, -3, 0, 7, 8.

12. Arrange the following integers in descending order:

Question (a)
-9, 3, 4, -6, 8, -3
Solution:
8, 4, 3, -3 -6, -9

Question (b)
4, 8,-3,-2, 5, 0.
Solution:
8, 5, 4, 0, -2, -3.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’ Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Comparison using ‘as’

एक जैसे गुणों वाली दो वस्तुओं को तुलना के लिए as………. as का प्रयोग किया जाता है। किसी गुणधर्म को Highlight करने के लिए उसकी तुलना उसी गुणधर्म वाली किसी भी अन्य वस्तु से की जा सकती है।

1. as good as gold
2. as happy as a clown
3. as sharp as a razor
4. as big as elephant

5. as heavy as lead
6. as beautiful as moon
7. as gentle as lamb
8. as silent as dea$
9. as small as ant
10. as thin as paper
11. as white as snow
12. as tall as giraffe
13. as clever as fox
14. as costly as diamond.
15. as proud as peacock
16. as hot as sun
17. as pretty as flower
18. as sweet as honey
19. as red as rose
20. as strong as iron
21. as innocent as lamb
22. as clever as fox/monkey/owl/crow
23. as wild as lion
24. as soft as silk
25. as light as cotton
26. as black as night
27. as wise as crow
28. as brave as lion.
29. as sure as death
30. as deep as ocean
31. as cold as ice
32. as black as coal
33. as busy as a bee
34. as clear as bell
35. as common as dirt
36. as deaf as a post

37. as easy as A.B.C.
38. as large as life
39. as light as air
40. as straight as an arrow

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 7 Triangles Ex 7.1

Question 1.
In quadrilateral ACBD. AC = AD and AB bisects ∠ A (see the given figure). Show that ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ ABD. What can you say about BC and BD?

Answer:
In ∆ ABC and ∆ ABD,
AC = AD (Given)
∠ BAC = ∠ BAD (AB bisects ∠ A)
AB = AB (Common)
∴ ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ ABD (SAS rule)
∴ BC = BD (CPCT)
Thus, BC and BD are equal.

Question 2.
ABCD is a quadrilateral in which AD = BC and ∠ DAB = ∠ CBA (see the given figure). Prove that (i) ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ BAC, (ii) BD = AC and (iii) ∠ ABD = ∠ BAC

Answer:
In ∆ ABD and ∆ BAC,
AD = BC (Given)
∠ DAB = ∠ CBA (Given)
AB = BA (Common)
∴ ∆ ABD ≅ ∆ BAC (SAS rule)
∴ BD = AC (CPCT)
∴ ∠ ABD = ∠ BAC (CPCT)

Question 3.
AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to a line segment AB (see the given figure). Show that CD bisects AB.

Answer:
AD and BC are equal perpendiculars to line segment AB.
∴ AD = BC and ∠ OAD = ∠ OBC = 90°.
Now, in ∆ ADO and ∆ BCO,
AD = BC
∠ OAD = ∠ OBC
∠ AOD = ∠ BOC (Vertically opposite angles)
∴ ∆ ADO ≅ ∆ BCO (AAS rule)
∴ OA = OB (CPCT)
CD intersects AB at O and OA = OB.
Hence, CD bisects AB.

Question 4.
l and m are two parallel lines intersected by another pair of parallel lines p and q (see the given figure). Show that:
∆ ABC ≅ ∆ CDA.

Answer:
l || m and AC is their transversal.
∴ ∠ BCA = ∠ DAC (Alternate angles)
p l| q and AC is their transversal.
∴ ∠ BAC = ∠ DCA (Alternate angles)
Now, in ∆ ABC and ∆ CDA,
∠ BCA = ∠ DAC
∠ BAC = ∠ DCA
AC = CA (Common)
∴ ∆ ABC ≅ ∆ CDA (ASA rule)

Question 5.
Ray l is the bisector of an angle ∠ A and B is any point on l. BP and BQ are perpendiculars from B to the arms of ∠ A (see the given figure). Show that:
(i) ∆ APB ≅ ∆ AQB
(ii) BP = BQ or B is equidistant from the arms of ∠ A.

Answer:
l is the bisector of ∠ PAQ and B is any point on l.
∴ ∠ PAB = ∠ QAB
BP and BQ are perpendiculars from B to AP and AQ.
∴ ∠ BPA = ∠ BQA = 90°.
Now, in ∆ APB and ∆ AQB,
∠ PAB = ∠ QAB
∠ BPA = ∠ BQA
AB = AB (Common)
∴ ∆ APB ≅ ∆ AQB (AAS rule)
∴ BP = BQ (CPCT)
BP and BQ are perpendiculars from B to arms AP and AQ of ∠ A.
∴ BP is the distance of B from AP and BQ is the distance of B from AQ.
Thus, B is equidistant from the arms of ∠ A.

Question 6.
In the given figure, AC = AE, AB = AD and ∠ BAD = ∠ EAC. Show that BC = DE

Answer:
∠ BAD = ∠ EAC
∴ ∠ BAD + ∠ DAC = ∠ EAC + ∠ DAC
∴ ∠ BAC = ∠ DAE (Adjacent angles)
Now, in ∆ BAC and ∆ DAE,
AC = AE (Given)
AB = AD (Given)
∠ BAC = ∠ DAE
∴ ∆ BAC ≅ ∆ DAE (SAS rule)
∴ BC = DE (CPCT)

Question 7.
AB is a line segment and P is its midpoint. D and E are points on the same side of AB such that ∠ BAD = ∠ ABE and ∠ EPA = ∠ DPB (see the given figure). Show that:
(i) ∆ DAP ≅ ∆ EBP
(ii) AD = BE

Answer:
∠ BAD = ∠ ABE
∴ ∠ PAD = ∠PBE (∵ P lies on AB.)
∠ EPA = ∠ DPB
∴ ∠ EPA + ∠ EPD = ∠ DPB + ∠ EPD
∴ ∠ APD = ∠ BPE (Adjacent angles)
P is the midpoint of AB.
∴ AP = BP
Now, in ∆ DAP and ∆ EBP
∠ PAD = ∠ PBE
∠ APD = ∠ BPE
AP = BP
∴ ∆ DAP ≅ ∆ EBP (ASA rule)
∴ AD = BE (CPCT)

Question 8.
In right triangle ABC, right angled at C, M is the midpoint of hypotenuse AB. C is joined to M and produced to a point D such that DM = CM. Point D is joined to point B (see the given figure). Show that:
(i) ∆ AMC ≅ ∆ BMD
(ii) ∠ DBC is a right angle
(iii) ∆ DBC ≅ ∆ ACB
(iv) CM = \(\frac{1}{2}\) AB

Answer:
In ∆ AMC and ∆ BMD,
AM = BM (∵ M is the midpoint of AB.)
CM = DM (Given)
∠ AMC = ∠ BMD (Vertically opposite angles)
∴ By SAS rule, ∆ AMC ≅ ∆ BMD [Result (i)]
∴ ∠ MCA = ∠ MDB (CPCT)
∠ MCA and ∠ MDB are alternate angles formed by transversal CD of lines AC and BD and they are equal.
∴ AC || BD
Now, ∠ DBC and ∠ ACB are interior angles on the same side of transversal BC of AC || BD.
∴ ∠ DBC + ∠ ACB = 180°
∴ ∠ DBC + 90° = 180° (Given : ∠ C = 90°)
∴ ∠ DBC = 90°
Thus, ∠ DBC is a right angle. [Result (ii)]
Now, ∆ AMC ≅ ∆ BMD
∴ AC = BD
In ∆ DBC and ∆ ACB,
BD = CA
∠ DBC = ∠ ACB (Right angles)
BC = CB (Common)
∴ ∆ DBC ≅ ∆ ACB [Result (iii)]
∴ DC = AB (CPCT)
DM = CM and M lies on line’ segment CD.
∴ DC = 2 CM
∴ AB = 2CM
∴ \(\frac{1}{2}\)AB = CM
∴ CM = \(\frac{1}{2}\)AB

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Synonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Synonyms

A Synonyms is a word which is same in meaning (एक समान अर्थ) to another word; as-

Word – Synonym

auspicious – happy/lucky
alive – lively
along – side by side
aim – objective
beautiful – pretty

bow – to bend
blaze – fire
believe – trust
banks – shores
courtier – a member of a royal court
comer – end point of some place
crack – rift
complete – full
cultural – traditional
celebrate – to hold make merry
deep – far-down
deities – gods/goddesses
diamond – a precious stone
dawn – morning
expect – hope
energy – power
famous – well-known
false – untrue
fright – panic, threaten
fervous – zeal
glance – look
gentle – kind
grey – brown
handsome – smart
honest – truthful
immobile – stationary
mounds – heaps/piles
nice – fine
overcome – win over
peace – calmness
patience – toleration
prepared – ready
paddy – rice crop
real – genuine
strong – tough
slumber – sound sleep
sight – scene
slightly – a little
stout – well built/strong
silent – quiet, motionless

smooth – plain
stuck – got busy
to pass – to move onward
tiny – little
together – along with
tense – nervous
trade – business
tribal – related to a tribe
ugly – bad looking
woods – jungle

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Antonyms Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Vocabulary Antonyms

An Antonym is a word which is opposite in meaning to another word; as

Word – Antonym

departure – arrival
ugly – beautiful
after – before

white – black
big – small
break – make
begin – end
buy – sell
complete – incomplete
clean – dirty
come – go
cruel – kind
cool – warm
catch – throw
care – neglect
calm – noisy
dawn – dusk
day – night
earth – sky
east – west
friend – enemy
front – behind
first – last
found – lost
give – take
good – bad
hate – love
here – there
hide – seek
happy – sad
hot – cold
in – out
late – early
love – hate
long – short
land – water
morning – evening
many – few
now – then
near – far
new – old
open – close
obey – disobey
proud – humble
push – pull
pretty – ugly
rich – poor
right – wrong/left
some – many
sit – stand
soon – late

tall – short
top – bottom
up – down
virtue – vice
wild – pet/domestic
win – lose
weak – strong

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Verb (Conjugation) Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Verb (Conjugation)

वे शब्द जो किसी क्रिया (action) को व्यकत करते हैं, Verbs कहलाते हैं। Verbs दो प्रकार के होते हैं- Main Verbs (मुख्य क्रियाएं) तथा helping verbs (सहायक क्रियाएं)

नीचे लिखे वाक्यों को पढ़िए:

1. Dev is sleeping.
2. Geeta made a doll.
3. They laughed.
4. The girls are going out.
5. Our team will play a match.

ऊपर दिए गए वाक्यों में sleeping, made, laughed, going तथा play मुख्य क्रियाएं (Main verbs) है। परन्तु is, are, will सहायक क्रियाएं (Helping Verbs) हैं। वे मुख्य क्रियाओं की सहायता करती हैं।
सहायक क्रियाएं निम्नलिखित हैं:
Is, am, are, was, were, has, have, had, do, does, did, will, would, shall, should, can, could, may, might, must, ought to, need, dare, used to.

Exercises

I. Pick out the helping verbs in the following sentences.

1. I have found a bag.
2. Where were you going yesterday ?
3. I am learning to swim.
4. He has lost his book.
5. You may go out now.
6. I will bring an orange for you.
7. They are cutting the hedge.
8. Where do you live?
9. I shall give you some money.
10. You can go now.
Hints:
1. have
2. were
3. am
4. has
5. may
6. will
7. are
8. do
9. shall
10. can.

II. Fill in the blanks with suitable helping verbs:

1. The teacher…………. not punish the whole class.
2. We………….go for a picnic tomorrow.
3. Where………….. the books kept ?
4. Who………….stolen my money?
5. Which games…………played in school ?
6. The winner…………..receive a prize from the chief guest.
7. …………you seen the Taj Mahal ?
8. When…………..your tutor come to teach you ?
9. Ravi…………go to London or America for his holidays.
10. ………….I help you with your problems ?

Hints:
1. did
2. shall
3. were
4. has
5. are
6. will
7. Have
8. does
9. will
10. May.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class English Book Solutions English Grammar Translation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 7th Class English Grammar Translation

Present Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल जाता हूँ। – I go to school.
2. बच्चे खेलते हैं। – Children play.
3. माता जी खाना बनाते हैं। – Mother cooks food.
4. लड़के खेलते हैं। – Boys play.
5. मोहित दांत साफ़ करता है। – Mohit brushes his teeth.

Present Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप स्कूल जाते हैं ? – Do you go to school ?
2. आप क्या चाहते हो ? – What do you want ?
3. आप देर से क्यों आते हो ? – Why do you come late ?
4. आप कहाँ रहते हो। – Where do you live?
5. आपका स्कूल कब लगता है ? – When does your school start ?

Present Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. रोहित झूठ नहीं बोलता है। – Rohit does not tell lies.
2. मैं खाना बेकार नहीं करता हूँ। – I don’t waste food.
3. आप गाना नहीं गाते हो। – You do not sing a song.
4. समय किसी के लिए भी नहीं रूकता है। – Time does not wait for anyone.
5. हम स्कूल लेट नहीं जाते। – We do not go to school late.

Past Indefinite Tense

1. मैं स्कूल गया। – I went to school.
2. आपने खाना खाया। – You took food.
3. मेरी माता जी ने भोजन बनाया। – My mother cooked food.
4. मैंने कल पाठ याद किया। – I learnt my lesson yesterday.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी बजाई। – The peon rang the bell.

Past Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल स्कूल गए थे ? – Did you go to school yesterday ?
2. आप कल कितने बजे बाज़ार गए थे ? – At what time did you go to the market yesterday ?
3. आप कल देर से क्यों आए ? – Why did you come late yesterday ?
4. उन्होंने मेरी बात क्यों नहीं सुनी ? – Why did they not listen to me ?
5. उषा ने खाना कब बनाया। – When did Usha cook food ?

Past Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. मैंने झूठ नहीं बोला। – I did not tell a lie.
2. शरन ने दवाई नहीं ली। – Sharan did not take medicine.
3. रचना ने कसरत नहीं की। – Rachna did not take excercise.
4. भारत ने मन नहीं हारा। – Bharat did not lose heart.
5. चपरासी ने घंटी नहीं बजाई। – The poen did not ring the bell.

Future Indefinite Tense

1. कल बरसात होगी। – It will rain tomorrow.
2. मैं कल स्कूल आऊँगा। – I will come to school tomorrow.
3. वह कल दिल्ली जाएगा। – He will go to Delhi tomorrow.
4. आप कल रमेश से मिलोगे। – You will meet Ramesh tomorrow.
5. रमन कल मुझे ई-मेल करेगा। – Raman will send me an e-mail tomorrow.

Future Indefinite Tense (Negative)

1. बच्चे झूठ नहीं बोलेंगे। – The children will not tell lies.
2. पंछी गीत नहीं गाएंगे। – The birds will not sing songs.
3. नांव समुद्र में नहीं डूबेगी। – The boat will not sink in the sea.
4. आज बरसात नहीं होगी। – It will not rain today.
5. आप स्कूल से छुट्टी नहीं करोगे। – You will not take a leave from the school.

Future Indefinite Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या आप कल मुझे मिलेगें ? – Will you meet me tomorrow ?
2. क्या चित्रकार चित्र बनाएगा ? – Will the painter paint a picture ?
3. क्या वह गाना गाएंगे ? – Will they sing a song ?
4. आप स्कूल कब आएंगे ? – When will you come to school ?
5. आप मेरा काम क्यों नहीं करोगे ? -Why will you not do my work ?

Present Continuous Tense

1. बच्चे पढ़ रहे हैं। – Children are reading.
2. अंजू कार चला रही है। – Anju is driving a car.
3. आपको पसीना आ रहा है। – You are perspiring/sweating.
4. पानी बहुत तेज़ बह रहा है। – Water is running very fast.
5. अध्यापक पढ़ रहा है। – The teacher is teaching.

Present Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या पानी तेज़ी से बह रहा है ? – Is the water running fast ?
2. लोग वृक्षों की छाया क्यों ढूंढ़ रहे हैं ? – Why are the people looking for the shade of the trees. ?
3. क्या रानी निशी की मदद कर रही है ? – Is Rani helping Nishi ?
4. मोहन घर कब जा रहा है ? – When is Mohan going home ?
5. उसकी माता कौन-सा खाना बना रही है ? – Which food is her mother cooking ?

Present Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. छोटे बच्चे खाना नहीं खा रहे हैं। – Little children are not eating food.
2. रोहित गाड़ी तेज़ नहीं चला रहा है। – Rohit is not driving fast.
3. सीता अपना काम ठीक नहीं कर रही है। – Sita is not doing her work.
4. बरसात नहीं हो रही है। – It is not raining.
5. मकैनिक कार ठीक नहीं कर रहा है। – Mechanic is not repairing the car.

Past Continuous Tense

1. वह सफलता के लिए प्रार्थना कर रहा था। – He was praying for success.
2. मेरा भाई स्कूल जा रहा था। – My brother was going to school.
3. मां पैसे बचा रही थी। – Mother was saving money.
4. सिमर नई किताब लिख रही थी। – Simar was writing a new book.
5. बरसात हो रही थी। – It was raining.

Past Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. साइकिल तेज़ नहीं चल रही थी। – The bicycle was not running fast.
2. पंछी उड़ नहीं रहे थे। – The birds were not flying.
3. मेरी सहेली गाना नहीं गा रही थी। – My friend was not singing a song.
4. मेरी माता जी गुस्सा नहीं कर रही थी। – My mother was not angry.
5. बच्चे शोर नहीं मचा रहे थे। – The Children were not making a noise.

Past Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. क्या सभी अपना पाठ याद कर रहे थे ? – Were all learning their lesson ?
2. पारस अपना जन्मदिन कैसे मना रहा था ? – How was Paras celebrating his birthday ?
3. लेखक कौन सी किताब लिख रहा था ? – Which book was the writer writing ?
4. राकेश घर कब जा रहा होगा ? – When was Rakesh going home ?
5. बरसात कब हो रही थी ? – When was it raining ?

Future Continuous Tense

1. मैं कल बस से दिल्ली जा रहा होगा। – I will be going to Delhi by bus tomorrow.
2. मेरे माता जी इस वक्त खाना बना रहे होंगे। – My mother will be cooking food at this time.
3. प्रीति गाना गा रही होगी। – Preeti will be singing a song.
4. रचित फिल्म देख रहा होगा। – Rachit will be watching a movie.
5. कल मनजीत पेपर दे रहा होगा। – Manjeet will be taking a test tomorrow.

Future Continuous Tense (Negative)

1. अगले सप्ताह किसान फ़सल नहीं काट रहा होगा। – The farmer will not be reaping the crop next week.
2. परीक्षा के दौरान हम टी०वी० नहीं देख रहे होंगे। – We were not watching T.V. during the examinations.
3. मुस्कान शाम के समय चाय नहीं पी रही होगी। – Muskan will not be taking tea in the evening.
4. वह घर नहीं जा रही होगी। – She will not be going home.
5. बच्चा इस समय सो नहीं रहा होगा। – The child will not be sleeping by this time.

Future Continuous Tense (Interrogative)

1. गुरमुख शाम का क्या कर रहा होगा ? – What will he be doing in the evening ?
2. क्या कल सुबह सोनू पढ़ रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu be reading in the morning tomorrow ?
3. क्या नरेश नई किताब खरीद रहा होगा ? – Will Naresh be buying new book ?
4. क्या सोनू क्रिकेट खेल रहा होगा ? – Will Sonu playing cricket ?
5. निशी शाम को घर कैसे जा रही होगी ? – How will Nishi going home in the evening ?

Other Sentences

1. मेरा बात सुनो। – Listen to me.
2. विनम्रता से बात करो। – Speak gently.
3. अपनी किताब मुझे दो। – Give me your book.
4. एक-दूसरे को धक्का ना मारो। – Don’t push one another.
5. आपस में मत झगड़ो। – Don’t quarrel among yourselves.
6. वह आदमी अमीर है। – That man is rich.
7. चाय गर्म है। – Tea is hot.
8. वह घर सुन्दर है। – That house is beautiful.
9. वह अच्छा अध्यापक है। – He is a good teacher.
10. धरती सूर्य के इर्द-गिर्द घूमती है। – The earth moves around the Sun.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.3

1. Construct ΔABC such that AB = 4 cm, ∠B = 30°, BC = 4 cm. Also name the type of triangle on the basis of sides.
Solution:
Given : Two sides of ΔABC as AB = 4 cm, BC = 4 cm and ∠B = 30°.
To construct: A triangle with these two sides and included angle.
Step of Construction :
Step 1. We first draw a rough sketch of the ΔABC and indicate the measure of these two sides and included angle.

Step 2. Draw a line segment BC of length 4 cm.

Step 3. At B draw BX making an angle of 30° with BC (The point A must be somewhere on this ray of the angle).

Step 4. (To fix A, the distance AB has been given) With B as centre, draw an arc of radius 3 cm. It cuts BX at the point A.

Step 5. Join AC.
ΔDEF is now obtained.

Since two sides of triangle are equal.
Therefore ΔABC is an isosceles triangle.

2. Construct ΔABC with AB = 7.5 cm, BC = 5 cm and ∠B = 30°.
Solution:
Given. Two sides of ΔABC as AB = 7.5 cm,
BC = 5 cm
and ∠B = 30°
To construct A triangle with these two sides and included angle.
Steps of Construction.
Step 1. We first draw a rough sketch of the ΔABC and indicate the measures of these two sides and included angle.

Step 2. Draw a line segment BC of length 5 cm.

Step 3. At B draw BX making an angle of 30° with BC. (The point A must be somewhere on this ray of the angle)

Step 4. (To fix A; the distance BC has been given) With B as centre draw an arc of radius 7.5 cm. It cuts CX at the point A.

Step 5 : Join AC.
ΔABC is now obtained.

3. Construct a triangle XYZ, such that XY = 6 cm, YZ = 6 cm and ∠Y = 60°. Also name the type of this triangle.
Solution:
Step 1. Draw a rough sketch of XYZ with given measures.

Step 2. Draw a line segment XY of length 6 cm.

Step 3. With the help of compass, at Y, draw a ray YA making an angle 60°

Step 4. With Y as centre and radius 6 cm. draw an arc intersecting the ray YX at point Z.

Step 5. Join XZ.ΔXYZ is required triangle, Measure the third side. We see that ZX = 6 cm
∴ In Δ XYZ
XY = YZ = ZX = 6 cm
Therefore XYZ is an equilateral triangle.

4. Which of the following triangle can be constructed using SAS criterion.
(a) AB = 5 cm, BC = 5 cm, CA = 6 cm
(b) AB = 5 cm, BC = -5 cm, ∠B = 40°
(c) ∠A = 60°, ∠B = 60°, ∠C = 60°
(d) BC = 5 cm, ∠B = ∠C = 45°
Answer:
(b) AB = 5 cm, BC = -5 cm, ∠B = 40°