Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answer Class 9 English Main Course Book Chapter 2 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel Question Answers

Plants also Breathe and Feel Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
What was the event that surprised the world ?
(वह कौन-सी घटना थी जिसने सारे संसार को चकित कर दिया था ?)
Answer.
J.C. Bose had invented an instrument that could measure the growth of plants. He also proved that plants have hearts and can feel. He proved that plants can see. They can sense that a stranger is coming towards them. It was this discovery that surprised the world.

जे० सी० बोस ने एक ऐसे यन्त्र का आविष्कार किया था जो पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था। उसने यह भी सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों का दिल होता है और वे महसूस कर सकते हैं। उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधे देख सकते हैं। वे भांप जाते हैं कि कोई अजनबी उनकी तरफ़ आ रहा है। यही खोज थी जिसने संसार को चकित कर दिया।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Question 2.
Name the instrument made by Jagdish Chandra Bose.
(जगदीश चन्द्र बोस द्वारा बनाए गए उपकरण का नाम बताएं।)
Answer.
Crescograph.
(क्रेस्कोग्राफ।)

Question 3.
What could the instrument measure ?
(यह उपकरण क्या माप सकता था ?)
Answer.
It could measure the growth of plants.
यह पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था।

Question 4.
What was India known for in the nineteenth century ?
(उन्नीसवीं शताब्दी में भारत किस बात के लिए प्रसिद्ध था ?)
Answer.
India was known for its achievements in arts, literature and philosophy.
भारत कला, साहित्य और दर्शन-शास्त्र में अपनी प्राप्तियों के लिए प्रसिद्ध था।

Question 5.
Where did Bose go for higher studies ?
(उच्च शिक्षा प्राप्त करने के लिए बोस कहाँ गया ?)
Answer.
He went to England.
(वह इंग्लैंड गया।)

Question 6.
What did he have to struggle for ?
(उसे किस बात के लिए संघर्ष करना पड़ा ?)
Answer.
Bose worked as a Professor of Physics in Kolkata. But he was given only half of what was paid to a European Professor. Bose protested against it. In the end, he was given his due.

बोस कोलकाता में भौतिक विज्ञान के एक प्राध्यापक के रूप में काम करता था। परन्तु उसे उससे आधा वेतन मिलता था जितना एक यूरोपियन प्रोफेसर को दिया जाता था। बोस ने इसका विरोध किया। अन्त में उसे उसका अधिकार दे दिया गया।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Question 7.
What can plants feel ?
(पौधे क्या अनुभव कर सकते हैं ?)
Answer.
Plants can feel like human beings. They can feel tired, sad or happy.
पौधे मनुष्यों की तरह महसूस कर सकते हैं। वे थकान, उदासी या प्रसन्नता महसूस कर सकते हैं।

Question 8.
How can one be glorious ?
(व्यक्ति किस तरह यशस्वी बन सकता है ?)
Answer.
One can be glorious through one’s noble actions and hard work. Glory comes through action, not idleness.
व्यक्ति अपने अच्छे कामों और कठिन परिश्रम के द्वारा यशस्वी बन सकता है। यश क्रिया से प्राप्त होता है, निकम्मेपन से नहीं।

Write short notes on the following:

(निम्नलिखित पर नोट लिखिए)
1. Uses of crescograph
2. Jagdish Chandra Bose’s contribution to science
3. Jagdish Chandra Bose’s love for his country.
Answer.
1. Crescograph is a wonderful instrument. It can record the growth of plants. It shows how plants react to such things as light, noise and manures. It can show that plants feel like human beings. A crescograph can show that plants have a keen sight.

क्रेस्कोग्राफ एक अद्भुत यन्त्र है। यह पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता है। यह दिखाता है कि पौधे प्रकाश, शोर और खादों जैसी चीजों के प्रति कैसी प्रतिक्रिया करते हैं। यह दिखा सकता है कि पौधे मानव-जीवों की भांति महसूस करते हैं। एक क्रेस्कोग्राफ दिखा सकता है कि पौधों की नज़र तेज़ होती है।

2. J. C. Bose was a great scientist. He was interested in animal and plant life. He proved that all living things and lifeless objects behaved in the same way. He invented a wonderful instrument. It was called crescograph. With this instrument, he proved that plants can feel like human beings.

जे० सी० बोस एक महान वैज्ञानिक था। वह पशु और वनस्पति जीवन में रुचि रखता था। उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि सभी जीव और निर्जीव चीजें एक ही तरह से व्यवहार करती हैं। उसने एक अद्भुत यन्त्र का आविष्कार किया। इसका नाम क्रेस्कोग्राफ था। इस यन्त्र के साथ उसने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधे मनुष्यों की भांति महसूस कर सकते हैं।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

3. J. C. Bose was a great patriot. He was proud of his country. He was proud of India’s great past. And he had faith in the present generation also. He had faith in the intelligence of his countrymen. He was certain that they could do great things as their ancestors had done in the past.

जे० सी० बोस एक महान् देशभक्त था। उसे अपने देश पर गर्व था। उसे भारत के महान् अतीत पर गर्व था। तथा उसे वर्तमान पीढ़ी पर भी विश्वास था। उसे अपने देशवासियों की बुद्धिमानी पर विश्वास था। उसे विश्वास था कि वे महान् काम कर सकते थे जैसा कि उनके पूर्वज अतीत में किया करते थे।

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Question 1.
Match the persons listed in column A with their professions in column B :
Answer:
1. inventor — a person who makes things that did not exist before.
2. professor — a person who teaches in a college or a university.
3. artist — a person who makes things of art.
4. philosopher — a person who has a particular set of beliefs and ideas and is a lover of knowledge.
5. scientist — a person who does research in the field of science.
6. discoverer — a person who finds things that existed before.
7. follower — a person who supports someone else’s ideas and beliefs.
8. rebel — a person who fights against law.
9. writer — a person who writes books on various subjects.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

battle; cave; struggle; succeeded; reach; despair; defeated

Robert Bruce fought bravely but was ……….. He was hiding in a ………… and was lying in ………… He had been defeated many times. He was thinking of giving up the ………. On one of the walls of the cave, he noticed a spider trying to ………… its web. Eight times it fell down but ………. in the ninth attempt. On seeing this, Bruce also took heart again. He fought another …………. with his enemy and freed his country.
Answer:
defeated, cave, despair, struggle, reach, succeeded, battle.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

pleased; job; lying; threw; attention; disappointed; vacancy; seek; visited.

Once a smart-looking young man ………….. a business firm to …………. employment. The manager, though pleased, said, “There is no …………. in the firm right now.” As the man was ………….., he turned to leave. At the doorway, he saw a pin ………….. on the floor. He picked it up and …………. it into the dustbin. The manager was ……… with his habit of paying …………. to such small matters. He at once called him back and gave him a ………….
Answer:
visited, seek, vacancy, disappointed, lying, threw, pleased, attention, job.

State whether the words in italics are ‘adjectives’ or ‘nouns’:

1. She possesses a sound health. adjective
I hear a low sound coming from this side. noun

2. This ball is round in shape. adjective
I finished my fourth round only half a minute ago. noun

3. This colour is fast. adjective
I observe a fast every Monday. noun

4. She is wearing a very light dress. adjective
Please switch on the light. noun

5. He is a poor judge of people. adjective
Do not laugh at the poor and the needy. noun

Fill in the blanks by using the following conjunctions :

unless, while, although, when

1. We cannot get off the bus ………….. it slows down.
2. Make hay …………. the sun shines.
3. Mice will play …………… the cat is away.
4. He didn’t come to the party …………… we invited him.
5. ………….. he worked hard, he couldn’t succeed.
6. You cannot succeed ……………. you work hard.
7. Strike …………… the iron is hot.
8. The boat will sink …………… we bailout.
9. …………… the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm.
10. The kidnappers told him that he would be killed …………… he cooperated.
Answer:
1. unless
2. while
3. when
4. although
5. Although
6. unless
7. while
8. when
9. Although
10. unless.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Fill in the blanks with the following determiners :

few, a few, the few, little, a little, the little

1. Asha said, “There is ………….. milk at home, so I cannot make tea for you.” Shiela said that she had ……………. milk in her kitchen with which they could make tea for both of them. When she went to her kitchen, she saw that her son had drunk ……………. milk she had.
Answer:
little, a little, the little.

2. The teacher noticed ………….. mistakes in Arjun’s assignment. He was surprised because Arjun usually made ……………. mistakes. The teacher corrected …. mistakes he had made.
Answer:
a few, few, the few.

Pronunciation Practice

Note the mismatch between sounds and spellings in the following words and say them aloud:
PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel 1

Extended Reading and Creative Writing

1. Make a list of the qualities of a gentleman. Discuss these with your classmate
2. How, according to you, should a teacher develop the personality of a child? Write your answer in 8-10 lines.

Use of textual words / phrases

1. Unique — Our Principal has a unique way of dealing with naughty students.
2. Approaching (adj) — Beware of the approaching danger.
3. Approaching (v) — The time is approaching when we will have to leave.
4. Amazed — I was amazed to see the jewellery she wore.
5. Victorious — The nation welcomed the victorious team home.
6. Temporary — She moved into some temporary accommodation.
7. Rebel — The rebels were dismissed from service.
8. Give up — You ought to give up smoking.
9. Stimulus — Praise always acts as a stimulus for little children.
10. Capable — Only human beings are capable of reason.
11. Glory — The glory of great men lasts for ever.
12. Undying — We have undying faith in God.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word/phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Name the writer of the chapter.
Answer.
It is written by an anonymous writer.

Question 2.
What does the chapter talk about ?
Answer.
About plants.

Question 3.
According to the writer, what do the plants do like humans ?
Answer.
They also breathe and feel like them.

Question 4.
Who was Jagdish Chandra Bose ?
Answer.
He was a famous Indian scientist.

Question 5.
Where did Bose go for higher studies ?
Answer.
To England.

Question 6.
How was Bose as a man ?
Answer.
He was a man of principles.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Question 7.
Can plants feel tiredness, happiness, etc. ?
Answer.
Yes, they do have feelings like humans.

Question 8.
What machine did Bose build to prove his theory?
Answer.
It was Crescograph.

Question 9.
Where did he display his machine ?
Answer:
At the Paris Science Congress.

Question 10.
What confidence did he have about Indians ?
Answer:
He said that they were capable of great discoveries.

Complete the following :

1. Bose studied ……………….. at Calcutta University.
2. He went to …. for further studies.
3. Bose showed that the plants could also ……………. and
4. Bose found similarities between ………………. and non-living things.
5. People …………………. him when he first came out with his theory…….. was the name of the machine he had built.
Answer:
1. physics
2. England
3. breathe, feel
4. living
5. laughed at
6. Crescograph.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was born in England.
2. He received a salary equal to what a European got.
3. Bose was successful in proving his theory to the world.
4. Bose was interested in the plant life right from his boyhood.
5. He displayed his Crescograph at the English Convention.
6. He had a deep faith in the capability of all Indians.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
Bose graduated from ……………… university.
(a) Cambridge
(b) Oxford
(c) Paris
(d) Calcutta.
Answer:
(a) Cambridge

Question 2.
Bose was appointed as a professor of …………….
(a) Chemisty
(b) Physics
(c) General Science
(d) Higher Sciences.
Answer:
(b) Physics

Question 3.
Bose was interested in the plant life since …..
(a) his college
(b) his childhood.
(c) his boyhood
(d) his graduation.
Answer:
(c) his boyhood

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Question 4.
According to Bose, plants could feel
(a) tiredness
(b) depression
(c) happiness
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(d) all the above.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in English

Plants also Breathe and Feel Introduction:

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He studied animal and plant life. He proved that plants could feel and hear like human beings. To prove this, he designed and built a machine called ‘crescograph’. Scientists at the Paris Science Congress of 1900 were amazed to see this wonderful machine. Jagdish Chandra Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in English:

Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose was a well-known Indian scientist. He was born in 1858 in a village in Bengal. He studied Physics at Calcutta (Kolkata) University. Then he went to England for further studies. He graduated from Cambridge and returned to India. He was appointed Professor of Physics in Presidency College, Calcutta (Kolkata).

In those days of British rule, an Indian usually received two-thirds of the salary paid to a European Professor. Jagdish Chandra Bose was given only half of a European Professor’s salary as his appointment was a temporary one. Sir J.C. Bose was a man of principles. He could not bear this injustice. He refused to touch any part of his salary for three years. In the three-year struggle between Bose and the government, Bose was victorious.

J. C. Bose now began his experiments. His work made him famous all over the world. He had been interested in animal and plant life since boyhood. He noticed that his wireless receiver showed signs of ‘tiredness’ after it had been in use for some time. But it regained its power after “rest”.

Jagdish Chandra Bose realised that there was a similarity in the behaviour of living and non-living things. He said that plants and animals had a life of their own and could become ‘tired’, ‘depressed or ‘happy’. People laughed at him. They did not take him seriously.

In order to prove that he was right, Jagdish Chandra Bose built a machine called ‘crescograph’. This machine proved that plants had hearts and were capable of feeling. It also indicated that plants had a keen sight. They reacted to rays of light and wireless waves. When J. C. Bose displayed this machine at the Paris Science Congress of 1900, the scientists were greatly amazed. Thus, through his invention, Bose made a name for himself and his country in the scientific world.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in Hindi

Plants also Breathe and Feel Introduction:

सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक प्रसिद्ध भारतीय वैज्ञानिक था। उसने पशु तथा वनस्पति जीवन का अध्ययन किया। उसने सिद्ध किया कि मनुष्यों की भान्ति पौधे भी अनुभव कर सकते हैं तथा सुन सकते हैं। इसे सिद्ध करने के लिए उसने ‘ऊस्कोग्राफ’ नामक मशीन का निर्माण किया। वर्ष 1900 के पैरिस विज्ञान सम्मेलन में शामिल हुए वैज्ञानिक इस शानदार मशीन को देखकर चकित रह गए। जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अपने आविष्कार के द्वारा विज्ञान जगत में अपना तथा अपने देश का नाम उज्जवल किया।

Plants also Breathe and Feel Summary in Hindi:

पाठ का विस्तृत सार सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक महान् और प्रसिद्ध भारतीय वैज्ञानिक था। उसका जन्म 1858 ई० में बंगाल के एक गांव में हुआ था। उसने कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) विश्वविद्यालय में भौतिकी का अध्ययन किया। फिर वह उच्च शिक्षा के लिए इंग्लैण्ड चला गया। उसने कैम्ब्रिज से स्नातक की डिग्री प्राप्त की और भारत लौट आया। उसे कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) के प्रेसिडेन्सी कॉलेज में भौतिकी का प्राध्यापक नियुक्त किया गया। अंग्रेजी शासन के उन दिनों में एक भारतीय व्यक्ति को एक यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन की अपेक्षा दोतिहाई वेतन मिलता था। जगदीश चन्द्र बोस को एक यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन की अपेक्षा केवल आधा वेतन दिया गया था क्योंकि उसकी नियुक्ति अस्थायी तौर पर थी। सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस एक सिद्धान्तवादी व्यक्ति था। वह इस अन्याय को सहन नहीं कर सकता था। उसने तीन वर्ष तक अपने वेतन को छुआ तक नहीं। आखिर सरकार तथा बोस के मध्य इस तीन-वर्षीय संघर्ष में बोस की विजय हुई।

जे० सी० बोस ने अब वह कार्य करना प्रारम्भ किया जिसके कारण उसकी ख्याति सारे विश्व में फैल गई। अपने लड़कपन से ही उसे पशुओं और पौधों के जीवन में रुचि थी। उसने देखा कि उसका वायरलेस रिसीवर कुछ समय चलने के पश्चात् ‘थकावट’ के लक्षण दर्शाता था, लेकिन थोड़े ‘विश्राम’ के बाद वह पुनः अपनी शक्ति प्राप्त कर लेता था। इससे बोस के विचारों को प्रेरणा मिली जिससे अनेक आविष्कारों का जन्म हुआ।

जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अनुभव किया कि निर्जीव तथा सजीव चीज़ों के व्यवहार में समानता होती है। उसने कहा कि पौधों और पशुओं का अपना जीवन होता है तथा वे ‘थक’ सकते हैं, ‘निराश’ हो सकते हैं या ‘प्रसन्न’ हो सकते हैं। लोगों ने बोस की इन बातों का मजाक उड़ाया और उसे गम्भीरता से न लिया।

स्वयं को सही सिद्ध करने के लिए जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने ‘क्रेस्कोग्राफ’ नामक एक मशीन बनाई। इस मशीन ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों का हृदय होता है और वे अनुभव कर सकते हैं। इसने यह भी दिखलाया कि पौधों की दृष्टि और उनकी चेतना-शक्ति बहुत तेज़ होती है और वे प्रकाश की किरणों और वायरलैस तरंगों के प्रति सचेत होते हैं। जब जे० सी० बोस ने इस मशीन का प्रदर्शन 1900 में पैरिस के विज्ञान सम्मेलन में किया, तो वैज्ञानिक आश्चर्यचकित रह गए। इस तरह अपने आविष्कार के द्वारा बोस ने वैज्ञानिक संसार में अपना और अपने देश का नाम उज्जवल किया।

जगदीश चन्द्र बोस को भारतीयों की बुद्धिमता पर गहरा विश्वास था। उसका दृढ़ विश्वास था कि भारतीय लोग अपने पूर्वजों की भान्ति महान् आविष्कार कर सकते हैं। उसका यह विश्वास भी था कि एक अकेले व्यक्ति के लिए कोई प्रसन्नता नहीं हो सकती जब तक वह प्रसन्नता सब के लिए न हो।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Plants also Breathe and Feel Translation in Hindi

(Page 8) All of us know …………… the scientific world.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. event-घटना ; 2. surprised-चकित कर दिया ; 3. scientificवैज्ञानिक ; 4. unique-अनोखा ; 5. instrument-उपकरण ; 6. measure-नापना ; 7. sight-दृष्टि ; 8. sense-चेतना-शक्ति ; 9. stranger-अजनबी ; 10. inventor-आविष्कारक ; 11. literature-साहित्य ; 12. philosophy-दर्शन-शास्त्र ; 13. science-विज्ञान ; 14. progressed—प्रगति की ; 15. inventionआविष्कार।

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[All of us know that plants have life, but how many of us know that they have hearts, can fell and see ? This extract tells us something about the scientist who made this dramatic discovery.] It was an event that surprised the scientific world. It was an undreamt of thing. Here was a man who had built a unique instrument an instrument that could measure the growth of plants. Here was a man who had proved with this wonderful machine that plants have hearts and can feel. The machine showed that plants have sight and a sense which tells them that a stranger is approaching.

“Your instrument is a wonderful thing,”said the great men who had come to the Paris Congress of Science, 1900. They were amazed as the inventor showed them how to use the machine. “What do you call this instrument ?“ they asked. “A crescograph,” replied Jagdish Chancira Bose, the great scientist, who had built this wonderful machine.

अनुवाद

[हम सभी जानते हैं कि पौधों में जीवन होता है, परन्तु हम में से कितने लोग जानते हैं कि पौधों में दिल भी होता है, वे भी महसूस कर सकते हैं और देख सकते हैं ? यह अंश हमें उस वैज्ञानिक के बारे में कुछ बताता है जिसने यह नाटकीय खोज की।] यह एक ऐसी घटना थी जिसने वैज्ञानिक जगत को आश्चर्यचकित कर दिया। यह एक ऐसी बात थी जिसे स्वप्न में भी सोचा नहीं जा सकता था। यहां एक ऐसा व्यक्ति था जिसने एक अद्वितीय उपकरण का निर्माण किया एक ऐसा उपकरण जो पौधों की वृद्धि को माप सकता था। यहाँ एक ऐसा व्यक्ति था जिसने अपनी अद्भुत मशीन के द्वारा यह सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों के भी दिल होते हैं और वे अनुभव कर सकते हैं।

इस मशीन ने यह दिखा दिया कि पौधों की दृष्टि होती है और उनके पास ऐसी चेतना-शक्ति होती है जो उन्हें बता देती है कि कोई अजनबी नज़दीक आ रहा है।”आपका उपकरण एक शानदार चीज़ है,” उन महान् पुरुषों ने कहा जो 1900 के विज्ञान-सम्बन्धी पैरिस सम्मेलन में शामिल हुए थे। उन्हें आश्चर्य हुआ जब आविष्कारक ने उन्हें बताया कि मशीन को कैसे प्रयोग किया जाता है। “आप इस उपकरण को क्या कहते हैं ?” उन्होंने पूछा। “एक क्रेस्कोग्राफ,” जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने उत्तर दिया, वह महान् वैज्ञानिक जिसने इस शानदार मशीन का निर्माण किया था। “और इसका निर्माण कहां हुआ था ? ने पूछा।

उत्तर प्राप्त हुआ-“भारत में।” इस उत्तर ने और ज्यादा हैरानी पैदा कर दी। कला, साहित्य तथा दर्शन के क्षेत्र में अपनी महानता के लिए प्रसिद्ध था। परन्तु विज्ञान के क्षेत्र में इसने कोई विशेष प्रगति नहीं की थी। सर जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने अपने आविष्कार से वैज्ञानिक जगत में अपना और अपने ेश का नाम ऊंचा किया।

(Page 9) Bose was born …….. of science

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. appointed—नियुक्त किया ; 2. struggle-संघर्ष ; 3. governmentसरकार ; 4. victorious—विजयी ; 5. usually-साधारणतया ; 6. received—प्राप्त किया ; 7. salaryवेतन ; 8. race—जाति ; 9. discoveries-आविष्कार, खोजें ; 10. faithful-वफ़ादार ; 11. followersशिष्य ; 12. rebel-विद्रोही, बाग़ी ; 13. refused—इन्कार किया ; 14. self-respect—आत्म-सम्मान ;19. interested-रुचि होना ; 20. tiredness-थकान ; 21. purpose-उद्देश्य ; 22. branch-शाखा ; 23. separately-अलग से ; 24. detail-विस्तार।

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Bose was born in 1858 in a village in Bengal. After studying physics at Calcutta University, he went to England for further studies. He graduated from Cambridge, then returned to India and was appointed Professor of Physics at Presidency College in Calcutta.

A three-year struggle began between Bose and the government, in which he was victorious. An Indian, in those days of British rule, usually received two-thirds of the salary paid to a European professor. Bose’s appointment was a temporary one, so he was given only half therate for a European. Bose was not the man to take this quietly.

He felt that people who did the same amount and same kind of work should be paid the same salary whatever race or nation they belonged to. It is worth remembering that discoveries do not come from the faithful followers and the yes-men of science; they come from the doubters and the rebels. Bose was, by nature, a rebel.

He refused to touch any part of his salary for three years. It was a question of his self-respect and he was not ready to give up his principles. In the end, victory was his. Bose now began the work which has made him famous all over the world. He had, from boyhood, been interested in animal and plant life, and now his work in physics led him back to his old love. He had noticed that his wireless receiver showed signs of ‘tiredness’ after it had been in use for some time, but, in some strange way, got back its power after being ‘rested’. Here was food for thought, the kind of thought from which great discoveries come.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

Until the end of the Middle Ages, the world was looked on as one beautiful unit, created by God. Man believed that everything in the world, from man to rocks and stones, had its place and purpose. The discoveries of Galileo and Newton changed the world picture. Man began to study each branch of science separately with greater detail and there developed several different kinds of sciences. Bose, however, recognised a unity among all these different branches of science.

अनुवाद

बोस का जन्म 1858 में बंगाल के एक गांव में हुआ। कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) विश्वविद्यालय में भौतिकी के अध्ययन के पश्चात् वह आगे की पढ़ाई के लिए इंग्लैण्ड चला गया। उसने कैम्ब्रिज से स्नातक की परीक्षा पास की, फिर भारत लौट आया और कलकत्ता (कोलकाता) के प्रेसिडेन्सी कॉलेज में भौतिकी का प्राध्यापक नियुक्त हो गया। सरकार तथा बोस के मध्य एक तीन-वर्षीय संघर्ष शुरू हो गया जिसमें वह विजयी हुआ। अंग्रेज़ी शासन के उन दिनों में एक भारतीय को यूरोपियन प्राध्यापक के वेतन का दो-तिहाई प्राप्त होता था। बोस की नियुक्ति अस्थायी थी, इसलिए उसे यूरोपियन दर का केवल आधा दिया गया। बोस इसे चुपचाप सहन करने वाला व्यक्ति नहीं था। उसने महसूस किया कि जो लोग एक समान मात्रा में काम करते हैं और एक ही प्रकार का काम करते हैं, उन्हें बराबर वेतन मिलना चाहिए, भले ही वे किसी जाति या राष्ट्र से सम्बन्धित हों। यह बात याद रखने योग्य है कि आविष्कार वफ़ादार अनुयायियों तथा चापलूसवैज्ञानिकों द्वारा नहीं किए जाते; वे शंकालु एवं विद्रोही f वैज्ञानिकों द्वारा ही किए जाते हैं। बोस स्वभाव से ही विद्रोही था।

उसने तीन वर्ष तक अपने वेतन के किसी भी अंश को छूने से इन्कार कर दिया। यह उसके आत्म-सम्मान का प्रश्न था और वह अपने सिद्धान्तों को छोड़ने के लिए तैयार नहीं था। अन्त में विजय उसी की हुई। बोस ने अब वह काम आरम्भ किया जिसने उसे विश्व भर में प्रसिद्ध कर दिया है। वह लड़कपन से ही जीवों और पौधों के जीवन में रुचि रखता था और अब भौतिक शास्त्र में होने वाले उसके काम ने उसकी पुरानी रुचि को फिर से जगा दिया। उसने देखा कि उसके वायरलैस रिसीवर को ‘थकावट’ महसूस होने लगती थी जब इसे कुछ समय तक चलाए रखा जाता था, किन्तु विचित्र ढंग से यह ‘आराम’ करने के बाद अपनी पहले वाली शक्ति को फिर से प्राप्त कर लेता था। यहां सोचने की एक खुराक थी – ऐसी खुराक जिससे महान्

आविष्कार प्राप्त होते हैं। मध्यकाल के अन्त तक संसार को एक सुन्दर इकाई के रूप में देखा जाता था जिसकी रचना ईश्वर ने की। मनुष्य का विश्वास था कि विश्व की प्रत्येक वस्तु, इन्सान से लेकर चट्टानों और पत्थरों तक, अपना निजी स्थान और उद्देश्य रखती है। गैलिलियो तथा न्यूटन के आविष्कारों ने विश्व की तस्वीर को बदल दिया। मनुष्य ने विज्ञान की प्रत्येक शाखा का अलग-अलग तौर पर विस्तृत अध्ययन करना शुरू कर दिया और इस तरह कई प्रकार के विज्ञानों का विकास हुआ। किन्तु बोस ने विज्ञान की न सभी विभिन्न शाखाओं के बीच एकता को पहचाना।

(Page 10) He realized that …….. faith in the future.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-
1. realized-अहसास हुआ ; 2. similarity-समानता ; 3. behaviourव्यवहार ; 4. lifeless-निर्जीव ; 5. suggested—सुझाव दिया ; 6. kingdom-राज्य ; 7. depressed-उदास ; 8. happy-प्रसन्न ; 9. seriously-गम्भीरता से ; 10. proved—सिद्ध किया ; 11. built-बनाया, निर्माण किया; 12. maximum-अधिकतम ; 13. exactness-सटीकता ; 14. amazing-आश्चर्यजनक ; 15. instrument-उपकरण ; 16. manures-खादें ; 17. indicate-संकेत करना ; 18. keen—तीक्ष्ण, पैनी ; 19. approach-निकट पहुँचना ; 20. scientist-वैज्ञानिक ; 21. complete-पूर्ण, पूरा ; 22. mentionज़िक्र, चर्चा ; 23. concern-चिन्ता ; 24. faith—विश्वास ; 25. intelligence-बुद्धिमत्ता ; 26. countrymenदेशवासी ; 27. ancestors-पूर्वज ; 28. address-सम्बोधन, भाषण ; 29. convocation-दीक्षांत समारोह ; 30. glory-गौरव ; 31. idleness-निकम्मापन।

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He realized that there was a similarity in the behaviour of lifeless and living things. It was, however, not easy to convince others. People hold on to their old beliefs and do not like to change them. Bose suggested that the animal, vegetable and mineral kingdoms were one and had a great deal in common. He said that plants and metals had a life of their own and could become tired’, depressed’ or happy’. People laughed at him. They did not take him seriously.

Bose knew he was right and he proved it. To begin with, he designed and built a machine which recorded his findings- with maximum exactness. This was the ‘crescograph’, the amazing instrument which records the growth of plants. It magnifies the movement of plant tissues ten thousand times and can record the reaction of plants to manures, noise and other stimuli. The crescograph proved that Bose had not been wrong. It showed that plants have hearts and are capable of feeling. The crescograph indicated that plants have a keen sight and react to rays of light and wireless waves. The machine proved that plants have a special sense which tells them of the approach of a stranger.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

The story of this great scientist will not be complete without some mention of his concern for India and her people. He had a deep faith in the intelligence of his countrymen. Bose was certain that they were as capable of doing great things today as their ancestors had done in the past. In an address at a convocation of the University of Mysore in November 1927, Sir Jagdish Chandra Bose spoke about India’s glory in the past and declared that it was action and not idleness that was responsible for that glory. He believed that there could be, no happiness for a single person unless it had been won for all. And this great scientist wanted his countrymen to have undying hope and faith in the future.

अनुवाद

उसे एहसास हुआ कि सजीव तथा निर्जीव वस्तुओं के व्यवहार में एक समानता होती है। फिर भी, दूसरों को सहमत करवाना आसान नहीं था। लोग अपने पुराने विश्वासों से चिपके रहते हैं और उन्हें बदलना नहीं चाहते हैं। बोस ने सुझाव दिया कि प्राणी, वनस्पति और खनिज जगत सब एक हैं और उनमें बहुत कुछ सांझा है। उसने कहा कि पौधों और धातुओं का अपना एक अलग जीवन होता है तथा वे ‘थकावट’, ‘उदासी’, या ‘प्रसन्नता’ महसूस कर सकते हैं। लोग उस पर हंस देते। उन्होंने उसकी बातों को गम्भीरता से नहीं लिया।

बोस जानता था कि वह सही है और उसने यह सिद्ध कर दिया। शुरू में उसने ऐसी मशीन का निर्माण किया जो उसकी खोजों को अधिकतम सटीकता से रिकार्ड कर सकती थी। यह ‘क्रेस्कोग्राफ’ था, एक आश्चर्यजनक उपकरण, जो पौधों की वृद्धि को रिकार्ड करता है। वह ौधों के तन्तुओं की गति को दस हज़ार गुणा बढ़ा कर बतलाता है तथा खादों, शोर और दूसरे उत्प्रेरक पदार्थों के प्रति पौधों की प्रतिक्रिया को रिकार्ड कर सकता है। क्रेस्कोग्राफ ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि बोस गलत नहीं था। इसने दिखा दिया कि पौधों का हृदय होता है और वे अनुभव करने की क्षमता रखते हैं। क्रेस्कोग्राफ ने दिखलाया कि पौधों की दृष्टि तेज़ होती है और वे प्रकाश की किरणों और बेतार तंरगों के प्रति प्रतिक्रिया करते हैं।

इस मशीन ने सिद्ध कर दिया कि पौधों में एक विशेष चेतना शक्ति होती है जो उन्हें निकट आते हुए किसी अजनबी के बारे में बता देती है। इस महान् वैज्ञानिक की कहानी उसकी भारत के प्रति और भारत के लोगों के प्रति चिन्ता की चर्चा किए बिना अधूरी रहेगी। उसे अपने देशवासियों की बुद्धिमत्ता पर पूरा विश्वास था। बोस को विश्वास था कि वे महान् कार्य करने में आज उतने ही समर्थ हैं जितने पुरातन काल में उनके पूर्वज हुआ करते थे। नवम्बर, 1927 में मैसूर विश्वविद्यालय के दीक्षान्त समारोह को सम्बोधित करते हुए जगदीश चन्द्र बोस ने भारत की प्राचीन ख्याति का वर्णन किया और घोषणा की कि उस ख्याति का

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 2 Plants also Breathe and Feel

ज़िम्मेदार कर्म था न कि आलस्य। उसका विश्वास था कि जब तक प्रसन्नता सबके लिए जीती नहीं जाती, एक अकेला व्यक्ति प्रसन्न नहीं रह सकता था। और यह महान् वैज्ञानिक चाहता था कि उसके देशवासियों में भविष्य के लिए अनन्त आशा और विश्वास भरा रहे।

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

The Discovery of Moon Question Answer Class 9 English Main Course Book Chapter 5 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon Question Answers

The Discovery of Moon Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
Name the two astronauts who landed on the moon.
(उन दो अंतरिक्ष यात्रियों के नाम बताओ जो चांद पर उतरे थे।)
Answer:
Armstrong and Edwin.
(आर्मस्ट्रांग तथा एडविन।)

Question 2.
What was the name of their spacecraft?
(उनके अन्तरिक्षयान का क्या नाम था?)
Answer:
Apollo-11. (अपोलो-11)

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Question 3.
Which two countries had worked out programmes for the exploration of the moon ?
(चांद की खोज के लिए किन-किन देशों ने योजनाएँ तैयार की थी ?)
Answer:
The USA and the USSR.
(संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका और सोवियत संघ ने।)

Question 4.
How did the Soviet Union feel about carrying on this exploration ?
(सोवियत संघ इस अभियान को जारी रखने के सम्बन्ध में क्या महसूस करता था ?)
Answer:
The Soviet Union did not feel it necessary to land man on the moon. It believed that scientific instruments were enough to carry on the exploration.
सोवियत संघ मनुष्य को चांद पर भेजना ज़रूरी नहीं मानता था। इसका विश्वास था कि खोज को जारी रखने के लिए वैज्ञानिक यन्त्र पर्याप्त थे।

Question 5.
Why have the scientists declared moon unfit for human habitation ?
(वैज्ञानिकों ने ऐसी घोषणा क्यों कर दी है कि चांद मानव के निवास के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है ?)
Answer:
There is no air or water on the moon. There is no atmosphere. Cosmic dust keeps falling on it all the time. That is why scientists think it unfit for man’s living.

चांद पर कोई हवा या पानी नहीं है। वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। वहां पर हर समय अन्तरिक्षी धूल गिरती रहती है। इसी कारण वैज्ञानिक लोग समझते हैं कि यह मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं

Question 6.
According to the scientists, how can moon be made habitable for men ?
(वैज्ञानिकों के अनुसार चांद को मनुष्यों के लिए रहने योग्य कैसे बनाया जा सकता है?)
Answer:
The moon has some elements that contain oxygen. Scientists think that this oxygen should be separated from the elements. Then the moon can be made fit for man’s living.

चांद पर कुछ ऐसे तत्त्व हैं जिनमें ऑक्सीजन है। वैज्ञानिक समझते हैं कि इस ऑक्सीजन को तत्त्वों से अलग कर दिया जाना चाहिए। फिर चांद को मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त बनाया जा सकता है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Question 7.
Name the metals found on the moon.
(चांद पर मिलने वाली धातुओं के नाम लिखिए।)
Answer:
Aluminium, titanium and iron.
ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम तथा लोहा।

Question 8.
Have the traditional beliefs about moon proved true ?
(क्या चांद के बारे में पारम्परिक विचार सच्चे साबित हुए हैं?).
Answer:
The traditional beliefs have proved to be untrue. The information gathered about the moon has proved them wrong.
पारम्परिक विचार ग़लत साबित हुए हैं। चांद के बारे में इकट्ठी की गई जानकारी ने उन्हें ग़लत साबित कर दिया है।

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B.

1. Astronaut-a person who travels and works in spacecraft.
2. Spacecraft-a vehicle that travels in space.
3. Misconception—a belief not based on correct information.
4. Shatter—to destroy completely.
5. Desolate—a place that is empty or without people.
6. Traditional-older methods and ideas.
7. Element-chemical substance made of atoms.
8. Tempted—to get attracted.
9. Resources-something that can be used to help in achieving an aim.

Fill in the blanks with words given in the box.

planet; satellite; orbit; man-made; constant; face; rotate; phenomenon; heavenly

Answer:
The word ‘satellite’ comes from the Latin word ‘satellitis’ meaning attendant. The moon is Earth’s satellite. It is our planet’s constant companion in space. The moon takes exactly the same time to rotate round its axis once as the earth takes to rotate on its axis once. That is why we see the same face of the moon on earth. Scientists took an idea from this phenomenon and developed artificial satellites. Satellites are heavenly bodies that revolve round a planet. They are also called the moons of the planet. Artificial satellites are man-made objects which are put into orbit with the help of rockets.

Rewrite the following paragraph in the past tense.

There is a function at our school. The whole school is decorated with balloons, strips of coloured paper, flowers and blinking lights. All the students are excited. They do their best. The performers wait for their turn at the backstage.
Answer:
There was a function at our school. The whole school was decorated with balloons, strips of coloured paper, flowers and blinking lights. All the students were excited. They did their best. The performers waited for their turn at the backstage.

Fill in the blanks with the correct tense form of the verbs given in brackets :

1. Two U.S. astronauts …………. (land) on the moon on July 20, 1969.
2. The astronauts ………….. (bring) back samples of lunar rocks to earth.
3. These samples ………… (analyse) by the scientists. (passive)
4. The astronauts ………… (find) no evidence of life on the moon.
5. Some useful metals like aluminium and iron ………….. (find) on the moon. (passive)
Answer:
1. landed
2. brought
3. were analysed
4. found
5. were found.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Pronunciation Practice

Say the following words aloud. Take care that you pronounce the cluster of consonants correctly.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon 1

Creative Writing and Extended Reading

1. Read the chapter on Solar System in your General Science book. Write a brief note on it.
2. What do you know about India’s progress in the field of space travel ? Name the satellites put into the orbit by India.
3. Read the story of Kalpana Chawla, the space heroine who lost her life during a space exploration mission in the USA. Write 10-12 lines on her achievements.

Use Of Textual Words / Phrases

1. Astronaut – An astronaut has to go through tough training.
2. Avenues – Several avenues are open to us.
3. Exploration – We need to carry out a full exploration of all the alternatives.
4. Expedition – The Indian expedition to Mount Everest is leaving next month.
5. Misconception – Let me first deal with some common misconceptions.
6. Heavenly – The heavenly bodies are worshipped in certain countries.
7. Appropriate – Your dress is not appropriate for this function.
8. Robot – In some factories robots are used to assemble machinery.
9. Endangered – The giant panda is an endangered species.
10. Decade – I have been in this job for the last two decades.
11. Shattered – The vase hit the floor and shattered.
12. Desolate – He felt desolate when his only brother died in an accident.
13. Inhabitable – These islands are not inhabitable.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who wrote the chapter, ‘The Discovery of Moon’ ?
Answer:
The author is anonymous.

Question 2.
What does this chapter tell us ?
Answer:
It tells us about the various attempts that have been made to reach the moon and gain knowledge about it.

Question 3.
Name the first two men who landed on the moon ?
Answer:
Armstrong and Edwin.

Question 4.
What did Armstrong and Edwin do on the moon ?
Answer:
They collected samples of the lunar soil.

Question 5.
Which countries had made programmes for the exploration of the moon ?
Answer:
The USA and the USSR.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Question 6.
Who was sitting in Eagle–2 waiting for the return of Armstrong and Edwin ?
Answer:
It was Michael Collins.

Question 7.
How, according to some scientists, can moon be made suitable for man’s living?
Answer:
By separating oxygen from the elements which contain oxygen.

Question 8.
Which is the only natural satellite of the earth ?
Answer:
Moon.

Question 9.
What is the age of the moon ?
Answer:
About 4600 million years.

Question 10.
What keeps falling on the moon all the time ?
Answer:
Solar dust.

Complete the following :

1. Two ……………… astronauts landed on the moon on July 20, 1969.
2. The ……………….. sent its astronauts and the ………………… sent its spaceships for the exploration of the moon.
3. The ……………… felt it unnecessary to land a man on the moon.
4. There is no ………………. on the moon.
5. The information gathered about the moon has proved the traditional beliefs
6. In the glare of the sun, lunar rocks reach a temperature of ………….
Answer:
1. American
2. USA, USSR
3. Soviet Union
4. air or water
5. wrong
6. 110 °C.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The atmosphere at the moon is fit for man’s living.
2. The Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Apollo–11.
3. Moon is not a self-luminous body.
4. A robot was found to be as good as a man to carry out experiments on moon’s surface.
5. Mars is the Earth’s only natural satellite.
6. Poets and lovers compare the faces of their beloveds to the moon.
Answer:
1. False
2. False
3. True
4. True
5. False
6. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
As Apoll-11 remained on the surface of the moon, ………………. revolved round the moon.
(a) Lunar Orbit
(b) Pioneer-1
(c) Luna-16
(d) Eagle-2.
Answer:
(d) Eagle-2.

Question 2.
The moon is ………… by the sun only.
(a) revolved
(b) lighted
(c) rotated
(d) glared.
Answer:
(b) lighted

Question 3.
The surface of the moon is pitted with craters caused by …
(a) planets
(b) satellites
(c) meteorites
(d) orbits.
Answer:
(c) meteorites

Question 4.
The metals found on the moon are
(a) aluminium
(b) iron
(c) titanium
(d) all of these three.
Answer:
(d) all of these three.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in English

The Discovery of Moon Introduction:

This chapter tells about the various attempts that have been made to reach the moon and gain knowledge about it. The USA and the USSR were the two countries that made these attempts. The first men to land on the moon were two Americans Armstrong and Edwin. They landed there on July 20, 1969. The Russians didn’t send any man. They sent a robot in September 1970. A lot of information has been gathered about the moon. This information has shattered many traditional beliefs about the moon. It is now known that the moon is a dead world. It has no air, water or atmosphere. Yet poets and lovers continue to compare the faces of their beloveds with the beauty of the moon.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in English:

Two American astronauts, Armstrong and Edwin, landed on the moon on July 20, 1969. They were the first men to set foot on the moon. They collected samples of the lunar soil. Then they came back with their spacecraft Apollo-11. They left on the moon some machines and instruments. These machines and instruments kept sending their observations about the moon. This great event opened new avenues in the field of space exploration.

After the successful expedition of Apollo-11, a number of other space flights were made to the moon. Thus very useful and wonderful information about the moon was collected. This new information removed all kinds of wrong beliefs about the moon. The USA and the USSR were two countries that made programmes for the exploration of the moon. The USA sent its astronauts. The USSR sent its spaceships. The Soviet Union thought it more appropriate to carry on exploration with the help of scientific instruments only. In September 1970, the Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Luna-16. It carried a robot that was placed on the surface of the moon. It was found that a robot was as good as a man to carry out experiments on the moon’s surface.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Moreover, it was less expensive. Above all, human life was not endangered. Researches on the moon have shown that the moon is an absolutely desolate place. There is no atmosphere. There is no air or water. So it is not fit for man’s living. Of course, it has some useful metals like aluminium, titanium and iron. But men has not been tempted to use them so far. Some scientists feel that moon can be made suitable for man’s living by separating oxygen from the elements which contain oxygen.

Space flights have been made to other planets also. But moon is the only heavenly body where man has landed. Since the moon has been found to be a dead world, no programmes have been made for its further exploration. Today we know all the important facts about the moon. It is the only natural satellite of the earth. It is about one-fourth of the earth in its diameter. Its distance from the earth is 384,405 km. It orbits the earth once a month. It always keeps the same face turned towards the earth. The moon is the same age as the earth about 4600 million years. It is not a self-luminous body. It is lighted by the sun only. In the glare of the sun, it becomes as hot as 110°C. In the shadows it is as cold as -100°C.

Thus there are no attractive facts about the moon. It is a dead, dry and desolate world. Yet poets and lovers continue to compare the faces of their beloveds with the beauty of the moon.

The Discovery of Moon Summary in Hindi

The Discovery of Moon Introduction:

यह लेख उन विभिन्न यत्नों के बारे में बताता है जो चांद पर पहुंचने के लिए और इसके सम्बन्ध में ज्ञान प्राप्त करने के लिए किए गए हैं। अमरीका तथा रूस दो देश थे जिन्होंने ये यत्न किए। चांद पर पांव रखने वाले पहले दो आदमी थे-अमरीका के आर्मस्ट्रांग और एडविन। वे वहां 20 जुलाई 1969 को पहुंचे। रूसियों ने कोई आदमी न भेजा। उन्होंने सितम्बर 1970 में एक रोबोट भेजा। चांद के बारे में बहुत जानकारी प्राप्त कर ली गई है। इस जानकारी ने चांद के बारे में अनेकों पारम्परिक धारणाओं को छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिया है। अब पता चल गया है कि चांद एक मृत संसार है। वहां कोई पानी, हवा या वातावरण नहीं है। फिर भी कवि और प्रेमी लोग अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना चांद की सुन्दरता से करते रहते हैं।

The Discovery of Moon Summary in Hindi:

दो अमरीकी अन्तरिक्ष यात्री 20 जुलाई 1969 को चांद पर उतरे। चांद पर पांव रखने वाले वे पहले व्यक्ति थे। उन्होंने चांद की मिट्टी के नमूने एकत्रित किए। फिर वे अपने अन्तरिक्षयान अपोलो-11 के साथ वापस आ गए। वे चांद के ऊपर कुछ मशीनें और यन्त्र छोड़ आए। ये यन्त्र और मशीनें चांद के बारे में अपने अवलोकन भेजते रहे।

इस महान घटना ने अन्तरिक्ष खोज के क्षेत्र में नए मार्ग खोल दिए। अपोलो-11 के सफल अभियान के बाद अनेकों अन्य अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें चांद तक की गईं। इस प्रकार चांद के बारे में बहुत लाभदायक और अद्भुत जानकारी इकट्ठी कर ली गई। इस नई जानकारी ने चांद के बारे में सभी ग़लत धारणाएं समाप्त कर दी। अमरीका और रूस दो देश थे जिन्होंने चांद की खोज-सम्बन्धी कार्यक्रम बनाए।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

अमरीका ने अपने अन्तरिक्ष यात्री भेजे। रूस ने अपने अन्तरिक्षयान भेजे। सोवियत संघ ने इस बात को अधिक उपयुक्त माना कि खोज का काम वैज्ञानिक यन्त्र के द्वारा जारी रखा जाए। सितम्बर 1970 में सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने लूना-16 नामक एक अन्तरिक्षयान भेजा। इसमें एक रोबेट था जिसे चांद के तल पर छोड़ दिया गया। ऐसा देखा गया कि चांद के तल पर प्रयोग करने के लिए एक रोबोट उतना ही ठीक था जितना कि कोई आदमी। इसके अतिरिक्त इसका खर्च कम पड़ता था। सब से बड़ी बात, मानव जीवन ख़तरे में नहीं पड़ता था।

चांद के ऊपर होने वाली खोजों ने यह बता दिया है कि चांद एक बिल्कुल वीरान जगह है। वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। वहां कोई पानी या हवा नहीं है। इसलिए यह मनुष्य के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त नहीं है। निस्सन्देह इस पर ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम और लोहे जैसी कुछ लाभदायक धातुएं हैं। किन्तु अभी तक मनुष्य उन्हें इस्तेमाल करने को आकर्षित नहीं हुआ है।

कुछ वैज्ञानिक ऐसा महसूस करते हैं कि चांद को आदमी के रहने के लिए उपयुक्त बनाया जा सकता है, यदि ऑक्सीजन को वहां पाए जाने वाले ऐसे तत्त्वों से अलग कर दिया जाए जिनमें ऑक्सीजन विद्यमान है। अन्य ग्रहों को भी अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें की गई हैं। किन्तु केवल चांद ही ऐसा आकाशीय पिण्ड है जहां आदमी उतरा है। क्योंकि चांद एक मृत संसार पाया गया है, इसकी और अधिक खोज करने के लिए कोई आगे की योजनाएं नहीं बनाई गई हैं।

आज हम चांद के विषय में सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण तथ्यों को जानते हैं। यह धरती का एकमात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह है। अपने व्यास में यह धरती का लगभग एक-चौथाई है। इसकी धरती से दूरी 384,405 किलोमीटर है। यह महीने में एक बार धरती का चक्कर काटता है। यह सदा अपना वही पक्ष धरती की तरफ़ झुकाए रखता है। चांद की आयु उतनी ही है जितनी कि धरती की-लगभग 4,600 मिलीयन वर्ष।

यह आत्म-दीप्त पिण्ड नहीं है। इसे केवल सूर्य का प्रकाश ही मिलता है। सूर्य की तेज़ चमक में यह 110°C तक गर्म हो जाता है। छाया वाली जगहों में यह –100°C तक ठण्डा हो जाता है। इस प्रकार चांद के सम्बन्ध में कोई आकर्षक विशेषताएँ नहीं है। यह एक मृत, सूखा और वीरान संसार है। फिर भी कवि और प्रेमी लोग अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना चांद की सुन्दरता के साथ करते हैं।

The Discovery of Moon Translation in Hindi

(Page 115-116) On July 20, 1969 ……… his two companions.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. astronauts – अन्तरिक्ष यात्री ; 2. emerging – बाहर निकलते हुए ; 3. spacecraft – अन्तरिक्षयान ; 4. avenues – मार्ग 5. exploration. – खोज ; 6. lunar – चांद सम्बन्धी ; 7. observations – अवलोकन ; 8. observatories – वेधशालाएँ।

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On July 20, 1969, two American astronauts, Armstrong and Edwin, emerging from the spacecraft Apollo-11, became the first men to set foot on the moon. This great event opened new avenues in the field of space and moon exploration. After collecting samples of the lunar soil, these two astronauts returned to their spacecraft Apollo-11. However, they left such 11 instruments and machines on the moon which continued to send their observations about the moon to the observatories on the earth. Apollo 11 was locked with another space craft Eagle. As Apollo-ll remained on the surface of the moon, Eagle-2 revolved round the moon. Aboard the Eagle-2 was a third astronaut Michael Collins, who waited for the return of his two companions.

अनुवाद

20 जुलाई 1969 को दो अमरीकी अन्तरिक्षयात्री, आर्मस्ट्रांग और एडविन, अपोलो-11 नामक अन्तरिक्षयान में से बाहर निकलने पर ऐसे पहले व्यक्ति बन गए जिन्होंने चांद पर पांव रखा। इस महत्त्वपूर्ण घटना ने अन्तरिक्ष और चांद सम्बन्धी खोज के क्षेत्र में नए मार्ग खोल दिए। चांद की मिट्टी के नमूने एकत्रित करने के बाद, ये दोनों अन्तरिक्ष यात्री अपने अन्तरिक्षयान अपोलो को लौट आए। किन्तु वे चांद पर ऐसे यन्त्र और मशीनें छोड़ आए जो चांद के बारे में अपने अवलोकन धरती पर की वेधशालाओं को भेजते रहे। अपोलो-11 ईगल-2 नाम के एक अन्य अन्तरिक्षयान से जुड़ा हुआ था। जिस दौरान अपोलो-11 चांद की धरती पर रहा, ईगल-2 चांद के चक्कर काटता रहा। ईगल-2 में एक तीसरा अन्तरिक्ष यात्री माइकल कॉलिन्ज सवार था, जो अपने दो साथियों के लौटने की प्रतीक्षा करता रहा।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

(Page 116)

After this successful ………… which contain oxygen.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. expedition – अभियान ; 2. series – श्रृंखला ; 3. manned – मानव-संचालित ; 4. misconceptions – ग़लत धारणाएं ; 5. glimpse – नज़ारा ; 6. spaceship — अन्तरिक्षयान ; 7. planets – ग्रह ; 8. robot – यन्त्रमानव ; 9. decades – दशक ; 10. shattered – छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिए ; 11. absolutely – पूरी तरह से ; 12. desolate – निर्जन ; 13. inhabitation – निवास ; 14. tempted – आकर्षित ; 15. exploit – लाभ उठाना, काम में लाना ; 16. elements – तत्त्व।

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After this successful expedition, a series of Apollo spacecraft for making more manned space flights to moon was started. These flights made available extremely useful and wonderful information about the moon. This new information removed all kinds of mis-conceptions about the moon from the minds of the people the world over.

The discovery of moon formed an important part of the space programme. Besides earth, it was the only heavenly mass where man landed and had a glimpse of it. Spacecraft have been landed on other planets too, but man has yet to set his foot on any of these heavenly bodies. The USSR and the USA had worked out programmes for the exploration of moon. The USSR sent there its spaceships, whereas the USA sent its astronauts. The exploration of planets is still going on but there is no more any programme for further exploration of moon.

The Soviet Union did not feel it necessary to land man on the moon. It thought it more appropriate to send spaceships and to carry on exploration with the help of scientific instruments only. The Soviet scientists sent a spacecraft called Luna-16 on the moon in September, 1970. It carried a robot that was placed on the surface of the moon. A robot was found to be as good as a man to carry out experiments on moon’s surface. Moreover, it was also less expensive and above all, human life was not endangered.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

Researches on moon for over three decades have shattered many traditional beliefs about it. The moon is an absolutely desolate place where there is no water and air. The Soviet scientists have declared it unfit for human inhabitation. Of course some useful metals like aluminium, titanium and iron have been found on moon but man has not been tempted to exploit these metal resources of moon. However, some scientists still feel that moon can be made inhabitable for men by separating oxygen from elements which contain oxygen.

अनुवाद

इस सफल अभियान के बाद मानव-चालित अन्तरिक्ष उड़ानें करने के लिए अपोलो अन्तरिक्षयानों की एक श्रृंखला शुरू कर दी गई। इन उड़ानों ने चांद के बारे में अत्यन्त लाभदायक तथा अद्भुत जानकारी उपलब्ध करा दी। इस नई जानकारी ने पूरे संसार भर में लोगों के मनों से चांद के बारे में सभी तरह की ग़लत धारणाओं को दूर कर दिया।

चांद-सम्बन्धी खोज अन्तरिक्ष कार्यक्रम का एक महत्त्वपूर्ण हिस्सा थी। धरती के अतिरिक्त केवल यही एक आकाशीय पुंज था जहां मानव ने पांव रखा. हो और इसका नज़ारा लिया हो। अन्य ग्रहों पर भी अन्तरिक्षयान उतारे गए हैं।किन्तु इन आकाशीय पुंजों में से किसी के भी ऊपर मनुष्य ने अभी अपना कदम रखना है। सोवियत संघ तथा संयुक्त राज्य अमरीका ने चांद सम्बन्धी खोज करने के लिए योजनाएँ बनाई थीं।

सोवियत संघ ने अपने अन्तरक्षि यान भेजे, जबकि संयुक्त राज्य अमेरिका ने अपने अन्तरिक्ष यात्री भेजे। ग्रहों की खोज अब भी जारी है किन्तु चांद सम्बन्धी और अधिक खोज करने के लिए अब और कोई कार्यक्रम नहीं है।

सोवियत संघ ने मनुष्य को चांद पर भेजना ज़रूरी न समझा। इसने इस बात को अधिक उपयुक्त माना कि अन्तरिक्षयान भेजे जाएँ तथा केवल वैज्ञानिक यन्त्रों की सहायता से ही खोज का काम चलाया जाए। सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने लूना-16 नामक एक अन्तरिक्षयान सितम्बर 1970 को चांद पर भेजा। इसमें एक रोबोट था जिसे चांद के तल पर रख दिया गया।

चांद के तल पर प्रयोग करने के लिए एक रोबोट को उतना ही ठीक पाया गया जितना कि एक आदमी को। इसके अतिरिक्त यह कम खर्चीला भी था, और सब से बड़ी बात यह है कि मानव जीवन को ख़तरे में न डाला गया।तीन दशक से अधिक समय की खोजों ने इसके सम्बन्ध में अनेकों पारम्परिक विश्वासों को छिन्न-भिन्न कर दिया है। चांद एक पूरी तरह से बंजर जगह है जहां कोई पानी तथा हवा नहीं है। सोवियत वैज्ञानिकों ने इसे मानव के निवास के लिए अनुपयुक्त घोषित कर दिया है।

निस्सन्देह ऐल्युमिनियम, टायटेनियम, और लोहेजैसी कुछ लाभदायक धातुएं चांद पर पाई गई हैं किन्तु चांद के इन साधनों को इस्तेमाल में लाने के लिए मनुष्य लालायित नहीं हुआ है। तो भी कुछ वैज्ञानिक अब भी ऐसा महसूस करते हैं कि चांद को मनुष्यों के लिए रहने योग्य बनाया जा सकता है, ऐसे तत्त्वों से ऑक्सीजन को अलग करके जिनमें ऑक्सीजन विद्यमान है।

(Page 117) Today we know ………………….. this lovely satellite.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. satellite – उपग्रह ; 2. parent – मूल ; 3. orbits – के गिर्द घूमता है ; 4. pitted – गड्ढे बने होना ; 5. meteorites – उल्का -पिण्ड ; 6. self-luminous – आत्म-दीप्त ; 7. phases – कलाएँ ; 8. delay – देरी ; 9. cosmic – अन्तरिक्ष ; 10. glare – तेज़ चमक ; 11. dull – नीरस।

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Today we know all the important facts about the moon. It ¡s the Earth’s only natural satellite. Compared to satellites of other planets, it is very large in relation to its parent planet. It is a quarter of the earth’s diameter measuring 3476 km. Its distance from the earth is 384,405 km. It orbits the earth once a month, keeping the same face turned towards earth as it does so. Its surface is pitted with craters caused by meteorites.

The moon is the same age as the earth, about 4,600 million years. The moon is not a self-luminous body. The earth and the moon travel around a common centre of gravity in space. As the moon orbits the earth, different amounts of its sunlit surface are visible from the earth. This produces the cycle known as Phases of the moon. We can see the full-moon and no-moon once in a month, and for rest of the days it appears in its phases. The average daily delay in moon-rise and moon-set is about 50 minutes. The moon is lacking water and it

has no atmosphere. A very light ‘rain’ of cosmic dust continually falls here. In the glare of the sun, lunar rocks reach a temperature of 110°C more than the boiling point of water. But in shadows the temperature goes down to less than —100°C. In spite of the knowledge of these ‘dull’ facts about the moon, poets and lovers continue to sing of the beauties of this heavenly body and compare the faces of their beloveds to this lovely satellite.

अनुवाद

आज हम चांद के बारे में सभी महत्त्वपूर्ण बातों को जानते हैं। यह धरती का एक-मात्र प्राकृतिक उपग्रह है। अन्य ग्रहों के उपग्रहों की तुलना में, यह अपने मुख्य ग्रह के हिसाब से बहुत बड़ा है। यह धरती के व्यास का एक चौथाई है जो 3476 किलोमीटर है। इसकी 3476 km. धरती से दूरी 384,405 किलोमीटर है। यह महीने में एक बार धरती का चक्कर काटता है, तथा ऐसा करते समय यह धरती की तरफ़ अपना वही तल घुमाए रखता है। इसका तल बड़े-बड़े गड्ढों से भरा हुआ है जो उल्का-पिण्डों के द्वारा बने हैं।

चांद की आयु धरती की आयु जितनी ही है, लगभग 460 करोड़ वर्ष चांद एक आत्म-दीप्त पुंज नहीं है। धरती तथा चांद अन्तरिक्ष में एक सांझे गुरुत्व आकर्षण केन्द्र के गिर्द घूमते हैं। जब चांद धरती का चक्कर लगाता है, तो सूर्य के प्रकाश से रोशन हुए इसके तल की विभिन्न मात्राएं धरतीपर से दिखाई देती हैं। इससे एक चक्र पैदा हो जाता है जिसे चांद की कलाएँ कहा जाता है।

हम पूर्ण चांद तथा शून्य (अमावस का) चांद महीने में एक बार देख सकते हैं, तथा अन्य दिनों में यह अपने विभिन्न आकारों में दिखाई देता है। चांद के उदय और अस्त होने में 50 minutes. प्रतिदिन की औसतन देरी लगभग 50 मिनट की होती है। चांद पर कोई पानी नहीं है तथा वहां कोई वातावरण नहीं है। यहां अन्तरिक्षी धूल की बहुत हल्की वर्षा निरन्तर होती रहती है। सूर्य की तेज़ चमक में चांद पर की चट्टानें 110°C के तापमान पर पहुंच जाती हैं, जो पानी के उबाल बिन्दु से ज्यादा है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Discovery of Moon

किन्तु छाया वाली जगहों में तापमान -100°C से कम हो जाता है। चांद के सम्बन्ध में इन रुचिहीन तथ्यों की जानकारी के बावजूद कवि और प्रेमी इस आकाशीय पुंज की सुन्दरता के बारे में गाते रहते हैं तथा अपनी प्रेमिकाओं के चेहरों की तुलना इस सुन्दर उपग्रह से करते रहते हैं।

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

The Last Leaf Question Answer Class 9 English Literature Book Chapter 5 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf Question Answers

The Last Leaf Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Who were Sue and Johnsy? What happened to Johnsy?
(स्य और जॉह्नसी कौन थी? जॉह्नसी को क्या हुआ था?)
Answer:
Sue and Johnsy were two young artists. Johnsy was seriously ill. She had pneumonia.
स्यू और जॉह्नसी दो युवा चित्रकार थीं। जॉह्नसी भयानक रूप से बीमार थी। उसे न्यूमोनिया हो गया था।

Question 2.
What did Johnsy feel about her illness ?
(जॉह्रसी अपनी बीमारी के बारे में क्या महसूस करती थी?)
Answer:
She thought she was not going to get well. She thought she would die with the falling of the last ivy leaf.
वह समझती थी कि वह स्वस्थ नहीं होगी। वह समझती थी कि वह बेल के अन्तिम पत्ते के गिरने के साथ ही मर जाएगी।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Question 3.
What did Sue do to make her feel happy ?
(स्यू ने उसे प्रसन्न महसूस करवाने के लिए क्या किया?)
Answer:
She talked about
उसने वस्त्रों और फैशनों के बारे में बातें की। उसने अपनी पेन्टिंग पर काम करते हुए सीटियां बजानी शुरू कर दी।

Question 4.
Why did Johnsy look at the ivy leaves carefully ?
(जॉह्रसी ने बेल के पत्तों की तरफ़ ध्यान से क्यों देखा?)
Answer:
Johnsy thought she was nearing her death with the falling of each leaf. She kept looking at the leaves carefully to see how many of them were left.
जॉह्नसी समझती थी कि प्रत्येक पत्ते के गिरने के साथ वह अपनी मृत्यु के अधिकाधिक नज़दीक पहुंच रही थी। वह पत्तों की तरफ ध्यान से देखती रही, यह जानने के लिए कि वे कितने बचे हुए थे।

Question 5.
Who was Behrman ?
(बरमैन कौन था?)
Answer:
He was an old painter. He was sixty years old. He had always desired to paint a masterpiece. But he could never begin it.
वह एक बूढ़ा पेन्टर था। वह साठ वर्ष की आयु का था। उसने सदा एक श्रेष्ठ रचना बनाने की इच्छा की थी। किन्तु वह इसे कभी शुरू न कर पाया।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Question 6.
Why did Sue call Behrman to her room ?
(स्यू ने बरमैन को अपने कमरे में क्यों बुलाया ?)
Answer:
An ivy creeper went up the wall opposite Johnsy’s window. Only one leaf was left on the creeper. Johnsy thought she would die when this last leaf fell. Sue wanted Behrman to paint a similar leaf on the wall. That was why she took Behrman to her room. She wanted to show him how the last leaf looked from there.

जॉह्नसी की खिडकी के सामने वाली दीवार पर सिरपेंचे की एक बेल चढ़ी हुई थी। बेल पर केवल एक ही पत्ता रह गया था। जॉह्नसी समझती थी कि वह मर जाएगी जब यह अन्तिम पत्ता गिर जाएगा। स्यू चाहती थी बरमैन इसी तरह का एक पत्ता दीवार के ऊपर चित्रित कर दे। इसी कारण वह बरमैन को अपने कमरे में ले गई। वह उसे दिखाना चाहती थी कि अन्तिम पत्ता देखने में वहां से कैसे लगता था।

Question 7.
How was Johnsy saved ?
(जॉह्रसी को कैसे बचाया गया?)
Answer:
Johnsy thought she would die when the last leaf fell. Sue thought of an idea. She asked an old painter to paint an ivy leaf on the wall. When Johnsy woke up the next morning, she saw one last leaf on the ivy. She regained her will to live. Thus she was saved.

जॉह्नसी सोचती थी कि जब आखिरी पत्ता गिरेगा, तो वह मर जाएगी। स्यू को एक विचार सूझ आया। उसने एक बूढ़े पेन्टर को दीवार पर सिरपेंचे का एक पत्ता चित्रित करने को कहा। जब जॉह्रसी अगली सुबह जागी, उसने बेल पर एक आखिरी पत्ता देखा। उस को जीने की इच्छा-शक्ति फिर से प्राप्त हो गई। इस तरह वह बच गई।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Question 8.
What happened to Behrman and why?
(बरमैन का क्या हुआ तथा क्यों ?)
Answer:
In order to save Johnsy, Behrman painted an ivy leaf on the wall. He worked in the night. It was a cold and windy night. It was raining also. Behrman got pneumonia. He died after two days.

जॉह्नसी को बचाने के लिए बरमैन ने दीवार के ऊपर सिरपेंचे का एक पत्ता चित्रित किया। वह रात में काम करता रहा। यह एक ठण्डी और तेज़ हवा वाली रात थी। वर्षा भी हो रही थी। बरमैन को न्यूमोनिया हो गया। वह दो दिन बाद मर गया।

Question 9.
What was Behrman’s masterpiece ?
(बरमैन की श्रेष्ठ कृति क्या थी?)
Answer:
It was the ivy leaf he had painted on the wall. It looked so real that Johnsy could not know it. She regained her will to live. Thus the painting proved Behrman’s masterpiece.

यह सिरपेंचे का वह पत्ता था जो उसने दीवार पर चित्रित किया था। यह इतना वास्तविक लगता था कि जॉह्नसी को इस का पता न चल पाया। उसने अपनी जीने की इच्छा फिर से प्राप्त कर ली। इस तरह वो पेन्टिंग बरमैन की श्रेष्ठ कृति साबित हुई।

Question 10.
Do you think Behrman was right in sacrificing his life ? Why?
(क्या आप समझते हैं कि बरमैन अपने जीवन का बलिदान करने में ठीक था? क्यों?)
Answer:
Behrman painted an ivy leaf on the wall. It looked so real that Johnsy could not know it. She regained her will to live. Thus she was saved. But Behrman got pneumonia and died. His sacrifice was not in vain. He had painted a masterpiece and also saved a life.

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

बरमैन ने दीवार के ऊपर सिरपेंचे का एक पत्ता चित्रित कर दिया। यह इतना वास्तविक लगता था कि जॉह्नसी जान न पाई। उसने जीवित रहने की अपनी इच्छा फिर से प्राप्त कर ली। इस तरह वह बच गई। किन्तु बरमैन को न्यूमोनिया हो गया और वह मर गया। उसका बलिदान व्यर्थ न गया। उसने एक श्रेष्ठ कृति चित्रित कर दी थी और एक जीवन भी बचा दिया था।

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Which great writer has written the story, ‘The Last Leaf”?
Answer:
O. Henry.

Question 2.
In which month had Johnsy fallen seriously ill?
Answer:
In the month of November.

Question 3.
What was the name of Johnsy’s friend ?
Answer:
Sue.

Question 4.
What did Sue hear suddenly ?
Answer:
She heard Johnsy whisper something.

Question 5.
Where was Johnsy’s bed in the room ?
Answer:
Near the window.

Question 6.
Name the vine that climbed the brick wall.
Answer:
Ivy.

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Question 7.
Who was Behrman ?
Answer:
An old painter.

Question 8.
How did the leaf painted by Behrman look like?
Answer:
Exactly like the real leaf.

Question 9.
What did the unfallen leaf fill Johnsy with ?
Answer:
With a new hope.

Question 10.
What had Behrman desired all his life?
Answer:
To paint a masterpiece.

Complete the following:

1. Johnsy and Sue were two ………..
2. The window …………….. the brick wall of the opposite house.
3. The last ivy leaf fell during the …………..
4. Behrman painted a …………………. in green colour.
5. Sue couldn’t ……………….. the curtain as she needed the light.
6. Johnsy was running a high
Answer:
1. friends
2. overlooked
3. night
4. leaf
5. draw
6. temperature.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. It was summer and ivy leaves were falling.
2. Johnsy’s condition worsened with the falling of each ivy leaf.
3. Sue talked about films and fashions to amuse Johnsy.
4. Behrman was a very famous painter.
5. Behrman worked in rain and caught pneumonia.
6. Sue poured out her worries to David.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. False
4. False
5. True
6. False

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
What did Johnsy suffer from ?
(a) Pneumonia.
(b) Cancer.
(c) Jaundice.
(d) Cold.
Answer:
(a) Pneumonia.

Question 2.
Sue sent for the ………….
(a) painter
(b) carpenter
(c) chauffeur
(d) doctor.
Answer:
(d) doctor.

Question 3.
“I can’t draw the curtain for I need the light.” Who said these words ?
(a) Behrman.
(b) Sue.
(c) Johnsy.
(d) Lencho.
Answer:
(b) Sue.

Question 4.
The next morning, Sue came and sat on Johnsy’s ………..
(a) lap
(b) chair
(c) bed
(d) table.
Answer:
(c) bed

The Last Leaf Summary in English

The Last Leaf Introduction:

This story is based on the idea that our way of thinking has a deep effect on our life. If we have a positive approach towards life, we remain happy and enjoy good health. But if our way of thinking is negative, it always results in misery, unhappiness and even death. If a patient thinks positively and hopefully, it can help the doctor a great deal in curing him. Otherwise, he can’t hope to get well in spite of the best efforts on the part of the doctor.

The Last Leaf Summary in English

A girl named Johnsy catches pneumonia. Her bed was near the window which overlooked the brick wall of the opposite house. A very old ivy vine climbed half-way up the brick wall. It was winter and its leaves were falling. A strange idea took hold of Johnsy’s mind. She began to think that when the last ivy leaf fell, she would also pass away.

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 6 The Bewitched Jacket 1

Her condition went from bad to worse with the falling of each leaf from the ivy. Her friend, Sue, tried her best to get this foolish idea out of Johnsy’s mind but in vain. When only one leaf was left on the ivy, Johnsy began to prepare herself for death. Then Sue thought of a plan to save the life of her friend. When Johnsy was asleep at night. Sue went to an old painter named Behrman. It was raining hard and the last ivy leaf fell during the night. Behrman painted a leaf in green colour, which looked exactly like the real leaf.

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

Next morning when Johnsy woke up, she began to wait for the last leaf to fall. But the leaf didn’t fall even after two days and two nights. It filled Johnsy with a new hope. Her condition began to improve. When she was completely out of danger, Sue told her that the last leaf was not the real leaf, but a mere painting by Behrman. She also told her that Behrman worked in rain during the night and caught pneumonia. He died the next day. Behrman had desired all his life to paint a masterpiece but had never been able to begin it. But the last leaf that he painted before his death, really proved a masterpiece.

The Last Leaf Summary in Hindi

The Last Leaf Introduction:

यह कहानी इस विचार पर आधारित है कि हमारे सोचने के ढंग का हमारे जीवन पर गहरा प्रभाव पड़ता है। यदि हम जीवन के प्रति सकारात्मक दृष्टिकोण रखेंगे तो हम प्रसन्न और स्वस्थ रहेंगे। किन्तु यदि हमारे सोचने का ढंग नकारात्मक है तो इसका परिणाम दुःख और यहां तक कि मृत्यु भी हो सकता है। यदि एक रोगी सकारात्मक और आशापूर्ण ढंग से सोचता है तो डॉक्टर को उसका इलाज करने में बहुत मदद मिल सकती है। अन्यथा, डॉक्टर के पूरे प्रयत्नों के बावजूद वह अच्छा होने की आशा नहीं कर सकता है।

The Last Leaf Summary in Hindi

कहानी का विस्तृत सार ‘ जॉह्नसी नाम की एक लड़की को न्यूमोनिया हो जाता है। उसका बिस्तर उस खिड़की के पास था जो सामने वाले घर की ईंट की दीवार की दिशा में खुलती थी। एक बहुत पुरानी सिरपेंचे की लता ईंट की दीवार की आधी दूर ऊपर तक चढ़ी हुई थी। शरद ऋतु थी और उसके पत्ते झड़ रहे थे। जॉह्नसी के दिमाग में एक अजीब विचार आया। वह सोचने लगी कि जब सिरपेंचे का आखिरी पत्ता गिरेगा तो वह भी मर जाएगी। सिरपेंचे से प्रत्येक पत्ते के गिरने के साथ उसकी हालत बद से बदतर होती गई।

उसकी सहेली स्यू ने जॉह्नसी के दिमाग से यह मूर्खतापूर्ण विचार निकालने की बहुत कोशिश की किन्तु सब व्यर्थ गया। जब सिरचे पर केवल एक पत्ता रह गया तो जॉह्नसी स्वयं को मृत्यु के लिए तैयार करने लगी। तब स्यू ने अपनी सहेली की जान बचाने के लिए एक योजना सोची। रात को जब जॉह्नसी सोई हुई थी तो स्यू बरमैन नाम के एक बूढ़े चित्रकार के पास गई। जोरों की वर्षा हो रही थी और रात को सिरपेंचे का आखिरी पत्ता गिर गया। बरमैन ने एक पत्ते को हरे रंग में रंगा जो बिल्कुल असली पत्ते की भान्ति प्रतीत होता था। अगली सुबह जॉह्नसी जागी तो वह आखिरी पत्ते के गिरने की प्रतीक्षा करने लगी। परन्तु दो दिन और दो रातों के बाद भी पत्ता नहीं गिरा।

इसने जॉह्नसी के मन में एक नई आशा भर दी। उसकी हालत सुधरने लगी। जब वह पूरी तरह से खतरे से बाहर हो गई तो स्यू ने उसे बताया कि वह आखिरी पत्ता असली पत्ता नहीं था बल्कि मात्र बरमैन के द्वारा की हुई चित्रकारी थी। उसने उसे यह भी बताया कि रात को बरमैन ने वर्षा में काम किया और उसे न्यूमोनिया हो गया। अगले दिन वह मर गया। बरमैन ने जीवन भर एक उत्तम चित्र बनाने की इच्छा की थी लेकिन वह उसे कभी आरम्भ नहीं कर पाया था। किन्तु अपनी मृत्यु के पहले उसने जो आखिरी पत्ते की चित्रकारी की थी, वास्तव में वही उसकी अति उत्तम कलाकृति सिद्ध हुई।

The Last Leaf Translation in Hindi

(Page 40)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. artist – कलाकार; 2. worried – चिन्तित; 3. respond – जवाब देना; 4. whispered – फुसफुसाई, धीरे से बोली; 5. anxiously – उत्सुकतापूर्वक; 6. creeper – लता, बेल; 7. shedding-झड़ रहे।

अनुवाद-स्यू और जॉहसी, दो युवा कलाकार, एक छोटे घर में इकट्ठी रहती थीं। उनका घर एक पुराने मकान की तीसरी मंजिल पर था। नवम्बर के महीने में जॉह्नसी काफ़ी गम्भीर रूप से बीमार पड़ गयी। उसे न्यूमोनिया हुआ था। वह बिना हिले बिस्तर पर पड़ी खिड़की के बाहर देखती रहती। उसकी सहेली स्यू बहुत चिन्तित हो गयी। उसने एक डॉक्टर को बुलवा भेजा। हालांकि डॉक्टर रोज़ उसको देखने आता था पर उसकी हालत में कोई सुधार नहीं था। एक दिन डॉक्टर जॉह्रसी को देखने के लिए आया, तो वह स्यू को एक तरफ ले गया और उससे पूछा, “क्या जॉह्नसी को कोई बात परेशान कर रही है?” “नहीं,” स्यू ने जवाब दिया। “पर आप क्यों पूछ रहे हैं ?”

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

डॉक्टर ने कहा, “ऐसा प्रतीत होता है कि जॉह्नसी के दिमाग़ में यह बात बैठ गयी है कि वह दोबारा स्वस्थ नहीं हो पायेगी। अगर वह जीना नहीं चाहती तो दवाओं से उसे कोई लाभ नहीं होगा।” । स्यू अपनी तरफ से पूरी कोशिश करती, कि जॉह्नसी अपने आसपास की चीज़ों में दिलचस्पी ले। वह फैशन और परिधानों के बारे में बातें करती, पर जॉह्नसी कोई जवाब नहीं देती। वह बस बिस्तर पर निश्चल लेटी रहती। स्यू अपना ड्राइंग-बोर्ड लेकर जॉह्नसी के कमरे में आ गयी और चित्र बनाने लगी। जॉह्रसी का ध्यान उसकी बीमारी से हटाने के लिए, वह चित्र बनाते हुए सीटी बजाने लगी।

अचानक स्यू ने जॉह्नसी को धीरे से कुछ कहते हुए सुना। वह जल्दी से उसके बिस्तर के पास गयी और उसको उलटी गिनती करते हुए सुना। वह खिड़की के बाहर देख रही थी और कह रही थी, ‘बारह!’ थोड़ी देर बाद वह बुदबुदाई ‘ग्यारह’, फिर ‘दस’, फिर ‘नौ’, फिर ‘आठ’, ‘सात’। स्यू ने उत्सुकतापूर्वक खिड़की से बाहर देखा। उसने उनकी खिड़की के सामने वाली दीवार पर आधी ऊँचाई तक चढ़ी सिरपेंचे की एक पुरानी लता देखी। बाहर की ठण्डी हवा में उस लता के पत्ते झड़ कर गिर रहे थे।

(Page 41 – 42)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. autumn – पतझड़; 2. finality – निश्चयात्मकता, निर्णयात्मकता; 3. nonsense – बकवास, मूर्खतापूर्ण बात; 4. soup-शोरबा; 5. curtain – परदा; 6. begged—प्रार्थना की।

अनुवाद-“क्या बात है प्रिय?” स्यू ने पूछा।
“छ:,” जॉह्रसी धीरे से बुदबुदायी। “अब वे पहले से तेज़ गति से गिर रहे हैं। तीन दिन पहले वहां लगभग सौ थे।
अब केवल पाँच शेष रह गए हैं।”
“पतझड़ का मौसम है,” स्यू बोली, “और पत्ते तो गिरेंगे ही।”
“जब आखिरी पत्ता गिरेगा, तब मैं मर जाऊंगी,” जॉह्नसी ने विश्वास से कहा।
“मुझे तो यह बात तीन दिन पहले से ही पता है।”
“ओह, कितनी मुर्खता भरी बात है!” स्यू ने जवाब दिया।
“उन पुराने सिरपेंचे के पत्तों का तुम्हारे स्वस्थ होने से क्या सम्बन्ध हो सकता है? डॉक्टर को विश्वास है कि तुम अच्छी हो जाओगी।”
जॉह्रसी ने कुछ नहीं कहा। स्यू गयी और उसके लिए एक कटोरा शोरबा ले आयी।
“मुझे शोरबा नहीं चाहिए,” जॉह्नसी ने कहा। “मुझे भूख नहीं लगी अब केवल चार पत्ते शेष रह गए हैं।
मैं अंधेरा होने से पहले अन्तिम पत्ते को गिरता हुआ देखना चाहती हूं। फिर मैं हमेशा के लिए सो जाऊंगी।”
स्यू जॉह्रसी के बिस्तर पर बैठ गयी, उसे चूमा और बोली, “तुम नहीं मरोगी। मैं पर्दा नहीं कर सकती क्योंकि मुझे रोशनी की ज़रूरत है। मैं चित्र को पूरा करके हमारे लिए थोड़े पैसे प्राप्त करना चाहती हूँ। मेरी प्यारी सहेली,” उसने जॉह्रसी से प्रार्थना की, “कृपया वादा करो कि जब तक मैं चित्र बना रही हूँ तब तक तुम खिड़की से बाहर नहीं देखोगी।”

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

(Page 42-43)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. peacefully-शान्तिपूर्वक; 2. miner-खनिक; 3. masterpiece-सर्वश्रेष्ठ कलाकृति; 4. poured out-उंडेल दी, पूरी बात बता दी; 5. convinced—विश्वास होना; 6. stupid-मूर्ख; 7. tiptoed-चुपके से अंदर गए; 8. peeped out-बाहर झांक कर देखा; 9. icy-बहुत ठण्डा ; 10. feebleकमजोर; 11. nervous-घबराई हुई; 12. reluctantly–अनिच्छा से; 13. exclaimed—विस्मयपूर्वक कहा; 14. vine–बेल; 15. fierce – भयंकर, तेज़।

अनवाद-“ठीक है,” जॉह्नसी ने कहा। “अपना चित्र जल्दी पुरा करो क्योंकि मैं अन्तिम पत्ते को गिरता देखना चाहती हूँ। मैं इन्तज़ार करते-करते थक चुकी हूं। मुझे मरना है, इसलिए उन बेचारे, थके हुए पत्तों की तरह शान्ति से चले जाने दो।”

“सोने की कोशिश करो,” स्यू ने कहा। “मुझे एक बूढ़े खनिक की तस्वीर बनानी है। मैं बरमैन को अपना मॉडल बनने के लिए बुला लेती हूँ।”वह जल्दी से नीचे चली गयी। बरमैन मकान की सबसे नीचे वाली मंजिल पर रहता था। वह साठ वर्ष की आयु का एक बूढ़ा पेंटर था। जीवन भर उसका सपना रहा था कि वह कोई श्रेष्ठ कृति बनाये, परन्तु यह अभी तक एक सपना ही था। स्यू ने अपनी सारी व्यथा बरमैन को बता दी। उसने उसे बताया कि किस प्रकार जॉह्नसी को यह विश्वास था कि आखिरी पत्ते के गिरने के साथ ही उसकी मृत्यु हो जाएगी।

“क्या वह मूर्ख है?” बरमैन ने पूछा। “वह इतनी नासमझ कैसे हो सकती है?” “उसे काफ़ी तेज़ बुखार है,” स्यू ने शिकायत की। “वह खाने-पीने से इन्कार कर रही है और मुझे इस बात की बहुत चिन्ता है।” “मैं तुम्हारे साथ चलकर जॉह्नसी को देखुंगा,” बरमैन ने कहा। वे चुपचाप जॉह्रसी के कमरे में गए। जॉह्नसी सो रही थी। स्यू ने पर्दा कर दिया और वे दूसरे कमरे में चले गए। उसने खिड़की के बाहर झांका। लता पर केवल एक ही पत्ता था। बड़ी तेज़ वर्षा हो रही थी और बर्फीली हवा चल रही थी। ऐसा प्रतीत हो रहा था मानो यह पत्ता अब किसी भी पल गिर जाएगा। बरमैन ने एक शब्द भी नहीं कहा। वह वापस अपने कमरे में चला गया।

जॉह्रसी अगली सुबह सोकर उठी। दुर्बल आवाज़ में उसने स्यू को पर्दा हटाने के लिए कहा। स्यू घबराई हुई थी। उसने बड़ी अनिच्छा से पर्दा हटा दिया। “ओह,” लता को देखते ही स्यू विस्मय से बोली। “देखो, उस लता पर अब भी एक पत्ता है। यह काफ़ी हरा और स्वस्थ प्रतीत हो रहा है। आंधी और तेज़ हवाओं के बावजूद यह गिरा नहीं।” “मैंने रात को तेज़ हवाओं की आवाज़ सुनी थी,” जाह्नसी ने कहा, “मैंने सोचा कि यह रात को गिर गया होगा। यह आज ज़रूर गिर जाएगा, फिर मैं मर जाऊंगी।”

(Page 43-44)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. lovingly – प्यार से; 2. cooperated – सहयोग दिया; 3. depressed – निराश; 4. gloomy – उदास; 5. wicked-दुष्ट; 6. sin – पाप; 7. hugged – गले से लगाया; 8. brightly – खुशी से; 9. confident-विश्वस्त; 10. janitor-चौकीदार; 11. paints – चित्रकारी के रंग; 12. flutter – फड़फड़ाना; 13. masterpiece – श्रेष्ठ-कृति, सर्वोत्तम रचना।

अनुवाद-“तुम नहीं मरोगी,” स्यू ने जोश से कहा। “तुम्हें अपने दोस्तों के लिए जीना है। अगर तुम मर गयी तो मेरा क्या होगा?” जॉह्नसी धीरे से मुस्करायी और उसने अपनी आँखें बन्द कर ली। हर एक घण्टे के बाद वह खिड़की से बाहर देखती और पत्ते को वहीं पाती। वह लता से चिपका हुआ प्रतीत होता था। शाम को फिर से आंधी आयी, पर वह पत्ता नहीं गिरा। जॉह्नसी लेटे हुए काफ़ी देर तक पत्ते को देखती रही। फिर उसने स्यू को बुलाया।

“मैं एक बरी लडकी बन गयी थी। तुमने इतने प्यार से मेरी देखभाल की पर मैंने तुम्हें सहयोग नहीं दिया। मैं दुःखी और उदास थी। उस आखिरी पत्ते ने मुझे दिखा दिया कि मैंने कितना बुरा व्यवहार किया है। मुझे पता चल गया है कि मृत्यु की इच्छा करना पाप है।”

स्यू ने जॉह्रसी को गले लगा लिया। फिर उसे बहुत सारा गर्म शोरबा और एक दर्पण लाकर दिया। जॉह्नसी ने अपने बालों में कंघी की और प्रफुल्लता से मुस्कुरायी। दोपहर को डॉक्टर आया। अपने मरीज़ का परीक्षण करने के बाद उसने स्यू ने कहा, “अब जॉह्नसी के पास जीने की इच्छा है। मुझे विश्वास है कि वह जल्दी ही अच्छी हो जाएगी। अब मुझे नीचे जाकर बरमैन को देखना चाहिए। वह भी न्यूमोनिया से ग्रस्त है। पर मुझे उसके बचने की कोई आशा नहीं है।”

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 5 The Last Leaf

अगली सुबह स्यू जॉह्नसी के बिस्तर पर आकर बैठ गयी। जॉह्नसी का हाथ अपने हाथों में लेते हुए उसने कहा, “मेरे पास तुम्हें बताने के लिए कुछ है। बरमैन महोदय की आज सुबह न्यूमोनिया से मृत्यु हो गयी। वह केवल दो दिन बीमार रहा। पहले दिन चौकीदार ने उसे उसके बिस्तर पर पाया। उसके कपड़े और जूते गीले थे और वह कांप रहा था। वह उस तूफ़ानी रात को घर से बाहर रहा था।” “फिर उन्हें उसके बिस्तर के पास एक सीढ़ी और एक जलती हुई लालटेन मिली। फर्श पर सीढ़ी के पास कुछ ब्रुश और हरा और पीला रंग भी था। प्रिय जॉह्नसी,” स्यू ने कहा, “खिड़की के बाहर देखो। उस सिरपेंचे के पत्ते को देखो। क्या तुम्हें यह हैरानी नहीं हुई कि इतनी तेज़ हवा के चलने के बावजूद भी यह फड़फड़ाता क्यों नहीं है? यह बरमैन की श्रेष्ठ-कृति है। उसने इसे उस रात चित्रित किया था जब बेल का आखिरी पत्ता गिर गया था।”

Class 9 English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

No Men are Foreign Question Answer Class 9 English Main Course Book Poem Chapter 2 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Poem 2 No Men are Foreign Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Poem Chapter 2 No Men are Foreign Question Answers

No Men are Foreign Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the theme or central idea of the poem ?
(इस कविता का उद्देश्य अथवा केन्द्रीय भाव क्या है ?)
Answer:
All men are the same. They have the same kind of body. They breathe in the same way. Thus no men are strange or foreign. We should never hate others. They are all our brothers. By hating others, we lose their love. Thus the poet gives the message of love and brotherhood.

सब लोग एक ही प्रकार के होते हैं। वे एक ही प्रकार का शरीर रखते हैं। वे एक ही प्रकार से सांस लेते हैं। इसलिए कोई भी आदमी बेगाने या विदेशी नहीं हैं। हमें कभी भी दूसरों से घृणा नहीं करनी चाहिए। वे सब हमारे भाई हैं। दूसरों से घृणा करके हम उनके प्यार को खो बैठते हैं। इस प्रकार कवि प्यार और भाईचारे का सन्देश देता है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Question 2.
Write the summary of the poem in your own words.
(कविता का सार अपने शब्दों में लिखें।)
Answer:
The poet says that no men are foreign and no countries are strange. Men all over the world have the same kind of body. Similarly, no countries are strange or foreign. It is the same earth everywhere. When there is war, fire and dust pollute the air all around. So the poet says that we should not heed those who tell us to hate others.

कवि कहता है कि कोई मनुष्य बेगाने नहीं होते और कोई देश बाहरी नहीं होते। संसार-भर के लोग एक जैसा ही शरीर रखते हैं। उसी प्रकार हम किसी देश को भी बेगाना या बाहरी नहीं कह सकते हैं। सब जगह वही धरती है। जब लड़ाई होती है, तो आग और धूल पूरी धरती के गिर्द की हवा को दूषित कर देती है। इसलिए कवि कहता है कि हमें उन लोगों की ओर ध्यान नहीं देना चाहिए जो हमें दूसरों से नफरत करने के लिए कहते हों।

Question 3.
What inspiration do we derive from this poem ?
(इस कविता से हमें क्या प्रेरणा मिलती है ?)
Answer:
The poet inspires us to look upon the people of all countries as our brothers. No men are foreign. No countries are strange. Everywhere there are men who live and die in the same manner. Therefore, we should love all and hate none.

यह कविता हमें प्रेरित करती है कि हम सभी देशों के लोगों को अपने भाई समझें। कोई आदमी विदेशी नहीं हैं। कोई देश बेगाने नहीं हैं। हर जगह लोग हैं जो एक ही तरह से जीवन बिताते हैं और मरते हैं। इसलिए हमें सभी से प्रेम करना चाहिए और किसी से घृणा नहीं करनी चाहिए।

Question 4.
What will happen if we hate our fellow beings ?
(यदि हम अपने साथियों से घृणा करने लगें तो क्या होगा ?)
Answer:
If we hate our fellow beings, we shall lose their love. All men are our brothers. Thus when we hate others, we hate ourselves only.
यदि हम अपने साथी जीवों से घृणा करेंगे तो हम उनका प्यार खो बैठेंगे। सभी लोग हमारे भाई हैं। इस प्रकार जब हम दूसरों से घृणा करते हैं तो हम स्वयं अपने से ही घृणा करते हैं।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Question 5.
How are all men similar to one another?
(सभी लोग एक-दूसरे के जैसे किस तरह हैं ?)
Answer:
All people have the same kind of body. They breathe the same air. They sleep and wake up in the same way. They eat in the same way. After their death, they lie under the same earth. Thus all men are similar to one another.

सभी लोग एक ही किस्म का शरीर रखते हैं। वे एक ही किस्म की हवा में श्वास लेते हैं। वे एक ही तरह से सोते हैं और जागते हैं। वे एक ही तरह से खाते हैं। अपनी मृत्यु के पश्चात् वे एक ही धरती के नीचे पड़े होते हैं। इस प्रकार सभी मनुष्य एक-दूसरे के जैसे ही होते हैं।

Question 6.
Write True or False against the following sentences :
(a) No men are strange and no countries are foreign.
(b) People are different from one another.
(c) We should hate our brothers.
(d) We should not defile our earth.
Answer:
(a) True
(b) False
(c) False
(d) True

Question 7.
This poem is an attempt to create ‘brotherhood’ amongst people. Discuss.
(यह कविता लोगों के मध्य ‘भ्रातृभाव’ पैदा करने का एक यत्न है। विवेचना करें।)
Answer:
This poem tries to create a feeling of brotherhood among all people. It says that no men or countries are foreign. All men have the same kind of body. They breathe in the same way. They eat, sleep and wake up in the same manner. After their death, they lie under the same earth. Thus all men are brothers.

यह कविता सभी लोगों में भ्रातृत्व की एक भावना पैदा करने का यत्न करती है। यह कहती है कि कोई भी लोग या देश बेगाने नहीं होते। सभी मनुष्यों का एक जैसा शरीर होता है। वे एक ही ढंग से श्वास लेते हैं। वे एक ही ढंग से खाते, सोते और जागते हैं। अपनी मृत्यु के पश्चात् वे एक ही धरती के नीचे पड़े होते हैं। इस तरह सभी लोग हमारे भाई हैं।

Stanzas For Comprehension

Stanza -1

Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign
Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes
Like ours; the land our brothers walk upon
Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.

Questions
1. Name the poem and the poet.
2. What should we remember?
3. What are all men to us?
4. Where do we all walk upon?
5. Where shall we all lie in the end?
Answer
1. The name of the poem is ‘No Men Are Foreign’. The name of the poet is James Kirkup.
2. We should remember that no men are strange and no countries are foreign.
3. All men are brothers to us.
4. We all walk upon the same earth.
5. We shall all lie in the same land.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Stanta – 2

They, too, aware of sun and air and water
Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter starved.
Their hands are ours, and in their lives we read
A labour not different from our own.

Questions
1. Who does ‘They’ refer to in these lines ?
2. What do they all make use of ?
3. What are they fed by ?
4. What is meant by
(a) ‘peaceful harvests’
(b) ‘war’s long winter’?
5. What do we read in their lives?
Answer:
1. “They’ here refers to all men of the world.
2. They all make use of the same sun and air.
3. They are fed by the harvests that they grow.
4.
(a) ‘Peaceful harvests’ means the crops that we can grow in times of peace.
(b) ‘War’s long winter’ means the painful days when we have to stay in and can have nothing to feed ourselves.
5. We read in their lives that they do the same labour that we have to do.

Stanza – 3

Remember they have eyes like ours that wake
Or sleep, and strength that can be won
By love. In every land is common life
That all can recognize and understand.

Questions
1. Who does ‘they’ here refer to ?
2. What kind of eyes do they have ?
3. How can we win their strength ?
4. What is there in every land ?
5. What can all recognize and understand ?
Answer::
1. The word ‘they’ here refers to all men of the world.
2. They have eyes like ours.
3. We can win it by love.
4. In every land, there is the same kind of life.
5. All can recognize and understand that there is the same kind of life everywhere.

Stanza – 4

Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember we who take arms against each other,
It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own.
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.

Questions
1. Who have been called “our brothers’ ?
2. Who should we not hate and why ?
3. What shall happen if we take up arms against each other?
4. What is everywhere our own ?
5. What message does the poet want to convey in these lines ?
Answer:
1. All men of the world have been called our brothers.
2 We should not hate others because they are all our brothers.
3. We shall defile this earth of ours.
4. The pure and fresh air is everywhere our own.
5. The poet means to say that all men of the world are our brothers. No men are foreign and no countries are strange.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who has written the poem, ‘No Men Are Foreign’ ?
Answer:
James Kirkup.

Question 2.
What type of a poem this poem is ?
Answer:
It is an anti-war poem.

Question 3.
Where do all men move ?
Answer:
They move on the same earth.

Question 4.
Who shouldn’t be heeded, according to the poet ?
Answer:
Those who tell us to hate others.

Question 5.
What will we be doing if we hate others ?
Answer:
We will be robbing ourselves.

Complete the following :

1. The poet ‘says that no men are ……….
2. According to the poet, no …………………. are foreign.
3. By taking up arms against others, we will be defiling the …….
Answer:
1. strange
2. countries
3. earth.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. All other countries are foreign, according to the poet.
2. We should not hate anybody.
3. War pollutes the air that we all breathe.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following :

Question 1.
According to the poem, no countries are
(a) developed
(b) developing
(c) bad
(d) foreign
Answer:
(d) foreign

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Question 2.
The poem is ………….
(a) an anti-war poem
(b) a sonnet
(c) an elegy
(d) a hymn.
Answer:
(a) an anti-war poem

No Men are Foreign Poem Summary in English

No Men are Foreign Introduction:

This poem contains a very noble idea. It advocates the unity of mankind. No men are strange, and no countries are foreign. All men live on the same earth and breathe the same air. If we hate others, it is like hating ourselves because there is no difference between us and others. Love is the best weapon to win others. By taking up arms against one another, we defile the human earth itself. So we should always remember that no men are foreign and no countries are strange.

No Men are Foreign Summary in English:

This is an anti-war poem that teaches the basic oneness of mankind and folly of going to war. The poet says that no men are strange and no countries are foreign. Under the outward superficial differences, the inner essence is everywhere the same. Under all kinds of different dresses, all men have the same kind of body. The bodies of all men breathe in the same way as our body does. All men move on the same earth. And after death, all men lie under the same earth. Everywhere it is the same sun, air and water that people enjoy. Everywhere people are fed on the crops that are grown during times of peace. And everywhere they have to starve when there is a long winter of war.

Everywhere men have the same kind of hands. They do the same kind of labour. They have the same kind of eyes that wake and sleep. They have the same kind of strength that can be won by love. Everywhere, the same kind of life is lived which can be understood and recognized easily.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

Therefore, the poet says that we shouldn’t heed those who tell us to hate others. We should remember that by hating others, it is only ourselves that we rob, deceive and criticize. By taking up arms against others, we only defile this earth that belongs to all of us. The fire and destruction of war pollutes the air that we all breathe. So, the poet asks us to remember that no men are foreign and no countries are strange.

No Men are Foreign Poem Summary in Hindi

No Men are Foreign Introduction:

कविता का संक्षिप्त परिचय इस कविता में एक बहुत ही महान विचार भरा हुआ है। यह मानवता की एकता की वकालत करती है। कोई भी मनुष्य भिन्न नहीं होते और कोई भी देश पराए नहीं होते। सब लोग एक ही धरती के ऊपर रहते हैं और एक ही हवा में सांस लेते हैं। यदि हम दूसरों से घृणा करेंगे, तो यह खुद अपने से घृणा करने के समान होगा क्योंकि हमारे में और दूसरों में कोई अन्तर नहीं है। दूसरों को जीतने के लिए प्यार सबसे बढ़िया हथियार होता है। एक-दूसरे के विरुद्ध घातक हथियार उठाकर हम मानव धरती को दूषित करते हैं। इसलिए हमें सदा याद रखना चाहिए कि कोई मनुष्य विदेशी नहीं होते और कोई देश बेगाने नहीं होते हैं।

No Men are Foreign Summary in Hindi:

यह एक युद्ध-विरोधी कविता है जो मनुष्य-जाति की मौलिक एकता और युद्ध करने की मूर्खता के बारे में शिक्षा देती है। कवि कहता है कि कोई लोग बेगाने नहीं होते और कोई देश बाहरी नहीं होते। बाहरी दिखावे के अन्तरों के नीचे अन्दरूनी वास्तविकता सब जगह एक जैसी ही होती है। भिन्न-भिन्न प्रकार की सब पोशाकों के नीचे सब लोगों का एक ही प्रकार का शरीर होता है। सब लोगों के शरीर उसी प्रकार सांस लेते हैं जिस . प्रकार हमारा शरीर साँस लेता है। सब लोग एक ही धरती के ऊपर चलते-फिरते हैं और मरने के बाद एक ही धरती के नीचे सोते हैं।

हर जगह वही सूरज, हवा और पानी है जिसका लोग आनन्द उठाते हैं। हर जगह लोग उन फसलों से भोजन प्राप्त करते हैं जो शान्ति के समय के दौरान उगाई जाती हैं। और हर जगह उनको भूखों मरना पड़ता है जब युद्ध-रूपी लम्बी सर्दी आ जाती है। हर जगह लोगों के एक ही प्रकार के हाथ होते हैं और वे एक ही प्रकार की मेहनत करते हैं। उनकी एक ही प्रकार की आँखें होती हैं जो जागती हैं और सोती हैं। उनके पास एक ही प्रकार की ताकत होती है जिसको प्यार से जीता जा सकता है। हर जगह एक ही प्रकार का जीवन गुज़ारा जाता है जिसको आसानी से समझा जा सकता है, और पहचाना जा सकता है।

इसलिए कवि कहता है कि हमें उन लोगों की ओर कोई ध्यान नहीं देना चाहिए जो हमें दूसरों से घृणा करने के लिए कहते हों। हमें याद रखना चाहिए कि दूसरों से नफ़रत करने से हम सिर्फ खुद को ही लूट रहे होते हैं, धोखा दे रहे होते हैं और बुरा-भला कह रहे होते हैं। दूसरे लोगों के विरुद्ध हथियार उठा कर हम केवल इस धरती को गन्दी और अपवित्र बनाते हैं जो हमारी सब की सांझी है। युद्ध की अग्नि और विनाश उसी हवा को दूषित करते हैं जिसमें हम साँस लेते हैं। इसीलिए कवि हमें याद रखने के लिए कहता है कि कोई लोग बेगाने नहीं होते और कोई देश बाहरी नहीं होते।

No Men are Foreign Poem Translation in Hindi

(Lines 1-4)

Remember, no men are strange, no countries foreign
Beneath all uniforms, a single body breathes
Like ours; the land our brothers walk upon
Is earth like this, in which we all shall lie.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. strange – पराए ; 2. beneath – के नीचे; 3. uniform – पोशाक ; 4. breathes – श्वास लेती है।

अनुवाद-
याद रखो कि कोई भी मनुष्य पराए नहीं होते; कोई देश बेगाने नहीं होते।
सभी प्रकार की पोशाकों के नीचे उसी प्रकार का शरीर होता है जिस प्रकार का हमारा है ।
सभी शरीर उसी प्रकार साँस लेते हैं जिस प्रकार हमारा शरीर साँस लेता है।
वह जमीन जिसके ऊपर हमारे भाई चलते हैं वैसी ही है, जिसके ऊपर हम चलते-फिरते हैं।
हम सब उसी धरती के नीचे पड़े होंगे जब हम मरेंगे।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

(Lines 5 – 8)

They, too, aware of sun and air and water,
Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war’s long winter starvd.
Their hands are ours, and in their lives we read
A labour not different from our own.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. aware of – ज्ञान होना, प्रयोग करना ; 2. are fed -भोजन प्राप्त करते हैं ; 3. peaceful harvests – शान्ति के समय पैदा की जा सकने वाली फसलें ; 4. starved – भूखे मरना ; 5. labour – परिश्रम ।

अनुवाद- दूसरे सब लोग उसी धूप, हवा और पानी का उपयोग करते हैं जिसका हम करते हैं। वे सब हमारे समान ही शान्ति के समय के दौरान फसलों से भोजन प्राप्त करते हैं और जब युद्ध रूपी लम्बी सर्दी आती है तो सब को समान रूप में भूखों मरना पड़ता है। उनके हाथ उसी तरह के हैं जैसे हमारे पास हैं, तथा उनकी जीवनियों में हम पढ़ सकते हैं वैसी ही मेहनत जो हमें हमारे जीवन में करनी पड़ती है।

(Lines 9-12)

Remember they have eyes like ours that wake
Or sleep, and strength that can be won
By love. In every land is common life
That all can recognize and understand.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. wake – जागना ; 2. common life – एक जैसा जीवन ; 3. recognize – पहचानना ।

अनुवाद-
याद रखो, उनकी आंखें हमारी आँखों के समान ही हैं।
उनकी आँखें उसी प्रकार सोती-जागती हैं
जिस प्रकार हमारी आँखें सोती-जागती हैं।
उनके अन्दर उसी प्रकार की ताकत होती है जिस प्रकार की ताकत हमारे अन्दर होती है
ऐसी ताकत जिसको प्यार के द्वारा जीता जा सकता है। .
प्रत्येक देश में एक ही प्रकार की ज़िन्दगी गुजारी जाती है।
जीवन के उस सांझे तरीके को हम सब पहचान सकते हैं और समझ सकते हैं।

(Lines 13-20)

Let us remember, whenever we are told
To hate our brothers, it is ourselves
That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn.
Remember, we who take arms against each other,
It is the human earth that we defile,
Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence
Of air that is everywhere our own.
Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange.

कठिन शब्दार्थ
-1. dispossess – खो देना, लूटना ; 2. betray – धोखा देना ; 3. condemn – लोचना करना ; 4 defile – गन्दा और अपवित्र बनाना ; 5. human earth – धरती जिसके ऊपर मनुष्य रहते हैं ; 6. outrage – नष्ट करना ; 7. innocence – शुद्धता।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 2 No Men are Foreign

अनुवाद-
जब कभी हमें अपने ही भाइयों से घृणा करने के लिए कहा जाए, तो हमें याद रखना चाहिए कि
यह हम खुद ही होंगे जो खुद को (उनके प्यार से) लूट रहे होंगे।
दूसरों से घृणा करके हम केवल खुद को ही धोखा दे रहे होंगे और केवल खुद की ही
आलोचना कर रहे होंगे।
याद रखो कि जब हम एक-दूसरे के विरुद्ध हथियार उठा लेते हैं,
तो हम केवल इस मानव धरती को ही दूषित कर रहे होते हैं।
युद्ध के दौरान आग और धूल के जो नर्क पैदा हो जाते हैं,
वे उसी हवा को दूषित करते हैं ।
जो सब जगह हमारी अपनी ही है।
इसलिए हमें याद रखना चाहिए कि कोई लोग बाहरी नहीं होते,
और कोई देश बेगाने नहीं होते।

Class 9th English Main Course Book Solutions PSEB Poetry

My Dear Soldiers Question Answer Class 8 English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Poem Chapter 4 My Dear Soldiers Question Answers

My Dear Soldiers Class 8 Questions and Answers

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.
1. Meaning of the word as used in the poem (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

defenders border deed windy scorching
sweltering treading marshes surveillance vibrate

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2.

Write synonyms of the following words.

(a) very hot – Scorching
(b) protect – defend

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

Read the following pairs of words carefully.

1. great sons
2. windy season
3. snowy days
4. scorching sun

All the highlighted words are ‘adjectives’ and the partner words are ‘nouns.’ Sometimes adjectives can be changed to nouns. For example ‘beautiful is an adjective. The noun from the adjective ‘beautiful is ‘beauty’

Sr. No. Adjective Noun
1. strong wind
2. active members
3. rich people
4. wise men
5. loyal soldiers
6. careful student
7. kind person
8. happy lad
9. good friend
10. faithful dog

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 4.

Read the stanza and answer the questions that follow.

A. Oh! Defenders of borders
You are great sons of my land
When we are all asleep in
You still hold on to your deed.
Windy season or snowy days
Or scorching sun’s sweltering rays
You are there guarding all the time awake
Treading the lonely expanses as Yogis.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

(a) Name the poet of the poem ‘My Dear Soldiers’.
‘My Dear Soldiers’ कविता के लेखक का नाम बताएं
Answer:
The poet of this poem is A.P.J. Abdul Kalam.

(b) Who are being referred to as ‘Defenders of borders’ ?
‘सीमाओं का रक्षक’ किसे कहा जा रहा है
Answer:
Indian soldiers are being referred to Defenders of Borders’.

(c) How do these great sons serve their motherland ?
ये महान सपूत मातृभूमि की सेवा कैसे करते हैं ?
Answer:
They guard the borders of their motherland day and night.

(d) What kind of weather conditions do the soldiers have to face ?
सैनिक किस प्रकार की मौसमी दशाओं का सामना करते हैं ?
Answer:
They face windy and snowy weather.

B. Climbing the heights or striding the valleys
Defending the desert guarding the marshes
Surveillance in seas and by securing the air
Prime of your youth given to the nation!!
Wind chimes of my land vibrate your feat
We pray for you brave men!!
May the Lord bless you all!!

(a) Whom has the poem been addressed to ?
कविता किसे संबोधित की गई है ?
Answer:
The poem is addressed to the Indian soldiers.

(b) What do these great sons sacrifice for the nation ?
ये महान सपूत राष्ट्र के लिए क्या त्याग करते हैं ?
Answer:
They sacrifice their lives and their youth for the nation.

(c) What is the intention of the poet ?
कवि का इरादा क्या है?
Answer:
The poet wishes to tribute to our brave soldiers. He also wishes that they should enjoy God’s blessings.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

(d) Explain: ‘Wind chimes of my land vibrate your feat’.
व्याख्या कीजिए : “मेरे देश की पावन की झंकार तुम्हारे कदमों में सुनाई देती है”
Answer:
It means that our soldiers march forward with rhythmical sound.

Learning Language

Formation of Adverbs

A large number of adverbs are formed by adding ‘-ly’ to certain adjectives.

1. Most of the adverbs formed this way are the Adverbs of Manner. For example :

Sl.No Adjective Adverb 
1. strong strongly
2. faithful faithfully
3. sincere sincerely
4. quick quickly
5. slow slowly
6. neat ready
7. busy busily.
8. happy happily
9. true truly
10. severe severely

2. Some adverbs have the same form as the corresponding adjectives. For example :

S. No Adjective Adverb
1. Fie put in a lot of hard work. He worked hard.
2. I want a little sugar. Please move a little.
3. Fie has high aims. He aims high in life.
4. I want an early reply. Please reply early.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

3. Some adverbs are formed by combining a noun and a qualifying adjective. For example : yesterday, otherwise, meanwhile, sometimes.
4. Some adverbs are formed by adding a noun to ‘a’, ‘be’ and ‘to’, etc. For example : today, abreast, ahead, besides, etc.
5. Some adverbs are formed by combining ‘à or ‘be’ and an adjective. For example : aloud, anew, behind, aloud, alone, etc.
6. Some adverbs are formed from participles. For example : wittingly, surprisingly, knowingly, etc.
7. Some adverbs are formed in the following ways. For example : 1… one

1. one once
2. two twice
3. three thrice
4. four fourfold
5. many manifold

8. There are several adverbs which we used together having been joined together with
conjunctions to form adverbial phrases. For example :
(a) by and by (within a short period)
(b) again and again
(c) far and wide
(d) first and foremost
(e) to and fro
(f) off and on (occasionally) etc.

Activity 5.

Change the following adjectives to adverbs.

S. No. Adjective Adverb
1. bad badly
2. angry angrily
3. fast faddy
4. bold boldly
5. brisk briskly
6. meek meekly
7. nice nicely
8. soft softly
9. fair fairly
10. clean cleanly

Activity 6.

In the following sentences, same words are used both as an adjective and as an adverb. Underline the word and write whether it is used as an adjective or an adverb.

(a) You gave a beautiful, presentation. — ‘beautiful’ as an adjective
(b) Your work is beautifully presented. — ‘beautifully as an adverb
(c) I get a monthly paycheque. — ‘monthly’ as an adjective
(d) My company pays me monthly. — ‘monthly’ as an adverb
(e) She dressed elegantly. — ‘elegandy’ as an adverb
(f) She looks very elegant in suit.– ‘elegant’ as an adjective
(g) That boy is so loud. — ‘loud’ as an adjective
(h) That boy speaks so loudly. — ‘loudly as an adverb
(i) He is a gentle person. — ‘gently as an adjective
(j) He hugged me gently. — ‘gently’ as an adverb.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

Activity 7.

You will tell your partner something that she/he doesn’t know about you. You may talk about one of the following topics.

  • your pet
  • yourself
  • something you have bought
  • a neighbour
  • a place

While speaking. include two or three lies too. Take turns in speaking. The listener will listen carefully and note down in the notebook what she/he thinks is not true’ or ‘a lie’. When both of you have taken turns in speaking, you will tell your partner what you think was not true in his/her story.

The teacher must go to each bench to ensure that students are using English. Alternatively, the teacher can give two stories with lies which they can read and the partner can point out the lies.

My Pet

I have a pet. It is dog. It is small. But it is very greedy. It can eat one kilo of rice and twelve eggs for a single meal. It eats its rice with a spoon. When I come from outside, it jumps out me and talks to me in English. It scolds me if I reach home late. My father, is very happy with my dog because it helps him in cleaning the house.
Or
A Visit to Simla

I went to Simla for a vacation. It is a very big city. It is a very warm place. I went there on a shop. I did a lot of shopping there. I bought juices from there. I also bought an aeroplane from there and came home on that aeroplane. I keep the aeroplane in my garage and go to my school on my plane everyday.

Learning to Speak (Pairwork)

There are birds of prey that live on high mountains and trees. They have very good eye sight and can see things on the ground while flying in the sky. If they see something that they can eat, they dive like a thunderbolt to catch their prey.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

Activity 8.

Think of a wild animal or a bird that you like. Write its different qualities in the mind map given below. Take 2-3 minutes to do this work. You can use the following hints.
(a) kind of bird or animal
(b) its appearance and size
(c) its habitat
(d) its eating habits – herbivorous/carnivorous
(e) some special quality
(f) usefulness of the animal/bird
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers 1

Now speak for two minutes about the animal or the bird you have made notes on. You can refer to your notes while speaking.
Answer:
Elephant is my favourite animal. It lives in dense forests, mostly in dry-wet areas. It is a royal animal that walks gracefully. It has big body greyish to brown in colour. It is a herbivorous. Sugarcane is its favourite food. It has a trunk and two long teeth. It carries heavy logs of wood. It gives rides too.
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers 2

Learning to Write

Letter Writing

Letter writing is an important skill. We need to write letters in our daily life. It may be stated that these days people write emails more than letters. However, the art of writing letters and emails is the same though the format is different. Let us look at a complete letter written below:

Write a letter to your younger brother congratulating him on his brilliant success.

A 204 Rishi Apartments
Sector 70
SAS Nagar
June 10, 20…
Dear Harnaaz
Heartiest congratulations on achieving brilliant success in your board examination! I just came to know about it and I am very happy. I hope you are also extremely happy to receive the news of your result. You have stood first in your stater It is the result of your hard work. I am really proud of you. Your parents must also be very happy. If you continue to work hard like this, you will be a successful person in life.
I wish you a lot of success in your future too.
Yours sincerely
Mankeerat.

Activity 9

Now, using the format of letter writing given earlier and the notes written by you in the mind map above, write a letter to your friend telling him/her all about the animal/ bird you wrote about. At the end of the letter, you must write to your friend about why human beings should try to protect birds and animals from getting hunted by poachers.
Answer:
C-203, Sardar Patel Marg
Sector–22
Chandigarh
21 May, 20…..
Dear Divyadeep
India is a land of bio-diversity (जैव – विविधता) We have many kinds of birds and animals wild and domestic. They have different colours, sizes and different food habits. They live in different climatic conditions (जलवायु दशाएं). They are the beauty of our planet. Elephant is a royal animal. He has kingly grace. Bengal Tiger is another wild animal worth mentioning. Lion is the king of forest. Killing of these animals for food and profit is banned. But it is a pity that poachers hunt them for money. They don’t spare even innocent birds like peacock. It must be stopped otherwise our earth will become a poor place to live in.
Yours Sincerely
Jasjeet.

Word Meanings

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers 3

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 4 My Dear Soldiers

My Dear Soldiers Poem Summary in English

My Dear Soldiers Summary in English

It is a patriotic poem by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam. It is dedicated to the Indian soldiers. They are the great sons of India. Sun or shine they do their duty. They don’t care for hot sun rays or chilly winds. They are awake day and night guarding borders, the sea, the air and marshes.

Our soldiers are true patriots and selfless soldiers. They sacrifice their all for the sake of the country. They die for the sake of their motherland in the prime of their youth. They are worthy of our praise, respect and god’s blessing. Every Indian prays for the glory of our brave soldiers.

My Dear Soldiers Summary in Hindi

यह A.P.J. Abdul Kalam द्वारा लिखी गई देशभक्ति की एक कविता है। यह भारतीय सैनिकों को समर्पित है। वे भारत के महान् सपूत हैं। वे हर मौसम में अपना कर्तव्य निभाते हैं। वे सूर्य की गर्म किरणों या शीतल हवाओं की परवाह नहीं करते। वे हमारी सीमाओं-सागरों, हवाई मार्गों तथा दलदली भूमियों-की रक्षा करते हुए दिन-रात जागते रहते हैं। हमारे सैनिक सच्चे देशभक्त और नि:स्वार्थ सिपाही हैं। वे देश के लिए अपना सब कुछ बलिदान कर देते हैं। वे भरी जवानी में देश के लिए अपने प्राण दे देते हैं। वे हमारी प्रशंसा, हमारे सम्मान और परमात्मा के आशीर्वाद के पात्र हैं। हर भारतीय भारतीय सैनिकों के गौरव के लिए प्रार्थना करता है।

Central Idea of The Poem

This poem sings the glory of our soldiers. They are true patriots who sacrifice their all for the sake of their country. They guard our boundaries day and night. Sun or shine they are alert. Let us pray for their honour and glory.

Class 8 PSEB Solutions Poetry

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Question Answer Class 9 English Main Course Book Poem Chapter 1 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Poem Chapter 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Question Answers

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the central idea of the poem.
(कविता का केन्द्रीय भाव लिखें।)
Answer:
Tagore says that we can’t find God in temples. We can’t find Him by chanting and singing. We can’t find Him by telling beads. He lives among poor labourers. So we should go and work with the poor if we want to find God.”

टैगोर कहता है कि हम ईश्वर को मन्दिरों में नहीं ढूंढ सकते हैं। हम उसे भजन बोल कर और गा कर नहीं ढूंढ सकते हैं। हम उसे माला फेर कर नहीं ढूंढ सकते हैं। वह ग़रीब मजदूरों के मध्य रहता है। इसलिए हमें ग़रीबों के साथ जा कर काम करना चाहिए यदि हम ईश्वर को ढूंढना चाहते हैं।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

Question 2.
Why does the poet say that we should leave chanting, singing and telling of beads ?
(कवि यह क्यों कहता है कि हमें भजन बोलना, गाना और माला फेरना छोड़ देना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
The poet believes that God does not live in temples. We cannot find him by chanting, singing and telling beads. So the poet says that we should leave chanting and telling beads.

कवि मानता है कि ईश्वर मन्दिरों में नहीं रहता है। हम उसे भजन बोलकर, गाकर और माला फेरकर प्राप्त नहीं कर सकते। इसलिए कवि कहता है कि हम भजन बोलना और माला फेरना छोड़ दें।

Question 3.
Where can God be found ?
(ईश्वर को कहां पाया जा सकता है ?)
Answer:
We can find God where the tiller is tilling the hard land. We can find Him where the pathmaker is breaking stones. In other words, God lives among the poor hardworking people.

हम ईश्वर को उस जगह पा सकते हैं जहां किसान सख्त ज़मीन पर हल चला रहा होता है। हम उसे वहां देख सकते हैं जहां सड़कें बनाने वाला पत्थर तोड़ रहा होता है। अन्य शब्दों में, ईश्वर कठोर परिश्रम करने वाले ग़रीब लोगों के मध्य रहता है।

Question 4.
What does the poet suggest regarding the presence of God ?
(कवि ईश्वर की उपस्थिति के बारे में क्या सुझाव देता है ?)
Answer:
The poet says that God doesn’t live in temples. He lives among the poor hard working people.
कवि कहता है कि ईश्वर मन्दिरों में नहीं रहता है। वह कठिन परिश्रम करने वाले निर्धन लोगों के मध्य रहता है।

Question 5.
Write ‘True’ or ‘False’ against the following statements :
(a) God lives in temples.
(b) By chanting, singing and telling of beads we can reach God.
(c) God is there where the tiller is tilling the land.
(d) We should not work hard.
Answer:
(a) False
(b) False
(c) True
(d) False.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

Question 6.
Do you agree with Tagore’s contention in his poem, ‘Open Thy Eyes and See Thy God’ ? Why?
(क्या आप इस कविता में टैगोर के विचारों से सहमत हैं ? क्यों ?)
Answer:
I fully agree with Tagore’s contention. True worship does not mean chanting and telling beads. It does not mean going to temples. It means working hard and helping the poor.

मैं टैगोर के विचारों से पूरी तरह सहमत हूं। सच्ची पूजा का अर्थ भजन बोलना और माला फेरना नहीं होता है। इसका अर्थ मन्दिरों को जाना नहीं होता है। इसका अर्थ होता है – कठिन परिश्रम करना और ग़रीबों की मदद करना।

Stanzas For Comprehension

Stanza 1

Leave this chanting and
singing and telling of beads !
Whom dost thou worship in this
lonely dark corner of a temple
with doors all shut ? Open thine
eyes and see thy God is not
before thee !

Questions
1. What does the poet want us to leave? Why?
2. The poet in this stanza asks a question. What is the question?
3. Our eyes are open. Why does the poet say ‘Open thine eyes”?
4. Who are these lines addressed to?
5. What does the poet want the worshipper of God to do?
Answer:
1. The poet wants us to leave chanting and telling beads in temples. He says that God doesn’t live in temples. We can’t find him there by the singing of hymns and telling of beads.
2. The poet asks whom we are worshipping in the lonely dark corner of the temple with doors all shut.
3. Our physical eyes are open but our eyes of the mind are closed. That is why the poet asks us to open our eyes.
4. The poet imagines someone singing hymns and telling beads in a dark corner of a temple. He addresses these lines to such a worshipper of God.
5. He wants the worshipper to open his eyes and see that God whom he is worshipping is not there before him.

Stanza 2

He is there where the tiller is
tilling the hard ground and where
the pathmaker is breaking stones.
He is with them in sun and in
shower, and His garment is covered
with dust. Put off thy holy mantle
and even like Him come
down on the dusty soil !

Questions

1. ‘Thy God is not before thee. Where can we find him?
2. Why are His garments covered with dust?
3. What is the tiller doing?
4. What is the pathmaker doing?
5. How does the poet think we can seek God?
Answers
1. We can find God where the tiller is tilling the hard land and where the pathmaker is breaking stones.
2. His garments are covered with dust because He lives among those who till the hard land and break stones.
3. He is tilling the hard land.
4. He is breaking stones.
5. The poet thinks we can seek God by working among the poor people such as the tillers and pathmakers.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

Stanza 3

Deliverance ? Where is this deliverance
to be found ? ‘Our master himself
has joyfully taken upon him the bonds
of creation; He is bound with us all
for ever.

Question
1. What is meant by ‘deliverance’ ?
2. Does the poet think of deliverance to be a desirable thing?
3. Who is our master ?
4. What bonds has our master taken upon himself ?
5. How is He bound with us all for ever?
Answer:
1. ‘Deliverance’ means freedom from a life of toil.
2. The poet doesn’t think of deliverance to be a desirable thing.
3. God is our master.
4. He has taken upon himself the bonds of creation.
5. We all are God’s creation. Thus God is bound with us for ever.

Stanza 4

Come out of thy meditations and
leave aside thy flowers and incense !
What harm is there if thy clothes
become tattered and stained ? Meet
him and stand by him in toil and in the
sweat of thy brow.

Question
1. What does the poet say about our meditations ?
2. What does he want us to leave aside ? Why?
3. How will our clothes become tattered and stained ?
4. Does the poet see any harm if our clothes become tattered and torn ?
5. ‘Meet him ………’ Who does ‘him’ here refer to ?’
Answer:
1. The poet says that we can’t find God through our meditations. So we should give them up.
2. He wants us to leave aside the flowers and the incense. He says this because he feels that we can’t please God by offering any flowers or incense.
3. Our clothes will become tattered and torn if we go to work with tillers and pathmakers.
4. No, he doesn’t see any harm in this.
5. The word ‘him’ here refers to God.

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Name the poet of the poem, ‘Open Thy Eyes ….
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 2.
Where is the devotee, as given in the poem ?
Answer:
In a dark corner of a temple.

Question 3.
Who is there with the devotee ?
Answer:
He is sitting there all alone.

Question 4.
Where does God live ?
Answer:
He lives where tiller tills the hard ground.

Question 5.
Where can God be found ?
Answer:
He can be found where the poor people work hard.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

Complete the following :

1. The devotee is sitting ……………….. in ………………
2. We can’t find God by …………………. and …………..
3. God lives where the poor people …………… hard and shed ………..
Answer:
1. all alone, a temple
2. chanting hymns, telling beads
3. work / labour, sweat.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The devotee was sitting in his home, doing Pooja.
2. God cannot be found in temples.
3. God has taken upon himself the task of creation.
Answer:
1. False
2. True
3. True.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
God can be found by ……………….
(a) chanting hymns
(b) telling the beads
(c) praising him day and night
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(d) none of the above.

Question 2.
The garment of God, in this poem, is ……..
(a) studded with gems
(b) covered with dust
(c) shining brightly
(d) colourful.
Answer:
(b) covered with dust

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Poem Summary in English

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Introduction:

In this poem, Tagore says that the worship of idols is useless. He says that God can never be found in places of worship. He can be found where the tillers are tilling land. He can be found where the workers are sweating in the sun. Anyone who wants to find God, should go and work with the tillers and the pathmakers.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God 1

Moksha cannot be achieved through empty rituals. In fact, the very desire for deliverance is unholy. Even God has not given Himself deliverance. He always remains busy in the task of creation. A true devotee of God should also work tirelessly. He should work for the poor and the downtrodden.

Character of a Happy Man Summary in English:

The poet sees a devotee in a dark corner of a temple. The devotee is sitting all alone. All the doors of the temple are shut. The devotee is chanting hymns. He is telling beads. The poet asks the devotee whom he is worshipping. He asks him to open his eyes. He asks him to see that his God is not there before him. The poet means to say we can’t find God by chanting hymns. We can’t find Him by telling beads. God does not live in temples.

The poet says that God lives where the tiller tills the hard ground. He lives where the path maker is breaking stones. He lives with the poor labouring people. He lives with them in sun and shower. His garment is covered with dust. So the poet asks the devotee to put off his mantle of worship. Like God Himself, he should go and work with the poor. The poet means to say that God cannot be found in temples. He can be found in places where the poor work hard and shed their sweat.

Then the poet talks of deliverance or moksha. Deliverance means the freedom from labour. The poet says that there is no deliverance for anyone. Even God has no deliverance. He has to do hard labour. He has taken upon Himself the difficult job of creation. He performs this task joyfully.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

So the poet asks the devotee to come out of the dark corner of his meditations. He should leave aside his flowers and incense. He should go and work among the poor. No harm would come if his clothes get stained. Rather he would be able to fulfil his desire. He would be able to meet God and stand by Him.

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Poem Summary in Hindi

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Introduction:

कविता का संक्षिप्त परिचय इस कविता में टैगोर निरर्थक मूर्ति-पूजा की आलोचना करता है। वह कहता है कि ईश्वर को कभी भी पूजास्थलों में ढूंढा नहीं जा सकता। उसे वहां ढूंढा जा सकता है, जहां किसान भूमि जोत रहे होते हैं और जहां मज़दूर लोग धूप में पसीना बहा रहे होते हैं। कोई भी व्यक्ति जो ईश्वर की तलाश करना चाहता है उसे किसानों के साथ और सड़कें बनाने वालों के साथ जा कर काम करना चाहिए। मोक्ष खोखले रीति-रिवाजों द्वारा प्राप्त नहीं किया जा सकता। वास्तव में मोक्ष की इच्छा करना ही एक अपवित्र बात है। स्वयम् ईश्वर ने भी अपने आप को मुक्ति प्रदान नहीं की है। वह सदा रचना के काम में लगा रहता है। ईश्वर के सच्चे भक्त को भी अथक रूप से काम करना चाहिए। उसे गरीबों और दलितों के लिए काम करते रहना चाहिए।

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Summary in Hindi:

कवि को किसी मन्दिर के एकान्त और अन्धेरे कोने में बैठा एक भक्त दिखलाई देता है। मन्दिर के सभी दरवाजे बन्द हैं। भक्त भजन गा रहा है और माला फेर रहा है। कवि उससे पूछता है कि वह किसकी पूजा कर रहा है। वह भक्त से कहता है कि वह अपनी आंखें खोले और देखे कि वहां उसके सामने ईश्वर नहीं है। कवि के कहने का भाव यह है कि ईश्वर को भजन गा कर अथवा माला फेर कर प्राप्त नहीं किया जा सकता है। ईश्वर मन्दिरों में नहीं रहता है। कवि कहता है कि ईश्वर उस जगह पर रहता है जहां खेतिहर मजदूर धरती जोत रहा है। वह उस जगह पर रहता है जहां सड़कें बनाने वाला मज़दूर पत्थर तोड़ रहा है। वह मेहनत करने वाले इन लोगों के साथ धूप तथा वर्षा में खड़ा रहता है। उसके वस्त्र मजदूरों के वस्त्रों की भान्ति धूल से भरे रहते हैं।

इसलिए कवि भक्त से कहता है कि वह अपने पूजा वाले वस्त्र उतार दे। स्वयं ईश्वर की भान्ति उसे गरीब लोगों के साथ जा कर काम करना चाहिए। कवि के कहने का भाव है कि ईश्वर को मन्दिरों में नहीं खोजा जा सकता है। उसे उस स्थान पर देखा जा सकता है जहां निर्धन लोग परिश्रम करते हैं और अपना पसीना बहाते हैं। कवि मुक्ति की बात करता है। मुक्ति का अर्थ होता है कि कठिन परिश्रम करने से छूट। कवि कहता है कि मुक्ति कहीं नहीं मिलती है। स्वयं ईश्वर को भी मुक्ति प्राप्त नहीं है। उसे भी परिश्रम करना पड़ता है। उसने अपने ऊपर संसार की रचना करने का कठिन काम लिया हुआ है। वह उस काम को खुशी-खुशी करता रहता है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

इसलिए कवि भक्त से कहता है कि वह अपनी समाधि को छोड़ दे। उसे अपने फूल और धूपबत्ती एक तरफ रख देने चाहिएं। उसे निर्धन लोगों के मध्य जा कर काम करना चाहिए। कोई हानि नहीं होगी यदि उसके वस्त्र फट जाएंगे अथवा गंदे हो जाएंगे। इसके विपरीत उसे अपनी इच्छा की प्राप्ति हो जाएगी। वह ईश्वर से मिलने और उसके साथ खड़ा होने के योग्य हो जाएगा।

Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God Translation in Hindi

Stanza 1

Leave this chanting and
singing and telling of beads !
Whom dost thou worship in this
lonely dark corner of a temple
with doors all shut ? Open thine
eyes and see thy God is not
before thee !

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. chanting-भजन गाना ; 2. telling of beads—माला फेरना ; 3. dost – do ; 4. thine-your, तुम्हारी ; 5. thee-you, तुम।

अनुवाद

छोड़ो यह भजन बोलना
और गाना तथा माला का फेरना !
किसकी पूजा कर रहे हो तुम इस
एकान्त अन्धेरे कोने में एक मन्दिर के
जिसके सब दरवाजे हैं बंद ? खोलो अपनी
आँखें और देखो तुम्हारा ईश्वर नहीं है
तुम्हारे सामने !

Stanza 2

He is there where the tiller is
tilling the hard ground and where
the pathmaker is breaking stones.
He is with them in sun and in
shower, and His garment is covered
with dust. Put off thy holy mantle
and even like Him come
down on the dusty soil !

कठिन शब्दार्थ-
1. tiller-खेती करने वाला मजदूर ; 2. tilling-खेती कर रहा, हल चला रहा ; 3. sun-धूप ; 4. garment-वस्त्र ; 5. mantle-ओढ़न।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

अनुवाद
वह उस जगह है जहां किसान
चला रहा है हल, सख्त ज़मीन पर और जहां
सड़कें बनाने वाला, तोड़ रहा है पत्थर !
वह उनके साथ है, धूप और वर्षा में,
और उसका वस्त्र भरा हुआ है ।।
धूल से। उतार दो अपना पवित्र ओढ़न .
और आ जाओ उसी की भांति
नीचे धूल-भरी मिट्टी में !

Stanza 3

Deliverance ? Where is this deliverance
to be found ? Our master himself
has joyfully taken upon him the bonds
of creation; He is bound with us all
for ever.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. deliverance-मुक्ति, मोक्ष ; 2. bonds—बन्धन ; 3. creation-संसार की रचना।

अनुवाद

मुक्ति ? यह मुक्ति कहां
मिलती है ? स्वयं हमारे स्वामी ने
प्रसन्नतापूर्वक लिया हुआ है बन्धन |
संसार की रचना का; वह बन्धा हुआ है हम सबसे
सदा के लिए।

Stanza 4

Come out of thy meditations and
leave aside thy flowers and incense !
What harm is there if thy clothes
become tattered and stained ? Meet
him and stand by him in toil and in the
sweat of thy brow.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. meditations-समाधि, चिन्तन ; 2. aside-एक तरफ ; 3. incenseधूपबत्ती ; 4. tattered—कटे-फटे ; 5. stained—दाग-भरे ; 6. sweat of the brow-माथे (अर्थात् कड़ी मेहनत) का पसीना।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Poem 1 Open Thy Eyes and see Thy God

अनुवाद
जागो अपनी समाधि से और
रख दो एक तरफ अपने फूल और धूपबत्ती !
क्या होगा नुक्सान अगर तुम्हारे वस्त्र
हो जाएंगे कटे-फटे और दाग-भरे ? मिलो
उसे और उसकी मदद करो, अपनी मेहनत और
अपने माथे के पसीने के द्वारा।

Class 9th English Main Course Book Solutions PSEB Poetry

A Letter to God Question Answer Class 9 English Literature Book Chapter 4 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God Question Answers

A Letter to God Class 9 Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Where was Lencho’s house located ? Did he have any neighbours ?
(लैंको का घर कहां स्थित था? क्या उसके कोई पड़ोसी थे?)
Answer:
Lencho’s house was on the top of a low hill. It was the only house in the valley. Thus Lencho had no neighbours.
लैंको का मकान एक कम ऊंची पहाड़ी की चोटी पर था। घाटी में यह एकमात्र मकान था। इस प्रकार लैंको का कोई पड़ोसी नहीं था।

Question 2.
When did it start raining ?
(वर्षा होनी कब शुरू हुई?)
Answer:
It started raining when Lencho and his family were having dinner.
वर्षा तब शुरू हुई जब लैंको और उसका परिवार रात का भोजन कर रहे थे।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God

Question 3.
What was Lencho’s family doing when it started raining ?
(जब वर्षा होनी शुरू हुई तो लैंको का परिवार क्या कर रहा था?)
Answer:
They were having dinner.
(वे रात्रिभोज कर रहे थे।)

Question 4.
Why did Lencho go out ? What did he observe ?
(लैंको बाहर क्यों गया? उसने क्या देखा?)
Answer:
It had started raining. Lencho went out to have the pleasure of feeling of rain on his body. He observed the raindrops falling from the sky. He called them new coins. He said, “The big drops are ten-cent pieces and the little ones are fives.”

वर्षा होनी शुरू हो गई थी। लैंको अपने शरीर पर वर्षा को महसूस करने का आनन्द लेने के लिए बाहर गया। उसने आकाश से गिर रही वर्षा की बूंदों को देखा। उसने उन्हें नए सिक्कों का नाम दिया। उसने कहा, “बड़ी बूंदे दस-सेन्ट के सिक्के हैं और छोटी बूंदे पांच-सेन्ट के सिक्के हैं।”

Question 5.
Why did Lencho’s sons run out ? Were they happy ? How do you know?
(लैंको के बेटे भागते हुए बाहर क्यों गए? क्या वे प्रसन्न थे? आप कैसे कह सकते हैं ?)
Answer:
It had started hailing. The sons went out to collect the hailstones. They were very happy. The hailstones seemed to them like frozen pearls. And they ran out to collect them.

ओले पड़ने लगे थे। पुत्र ओले इकट्ठे करने के लिए बाहर गए। वे बहुत प्रसन्न थे। उन्हें ओले जमे हुए मोतियों के जैसे लग रहे थे। और वे उन्हें बटोरने के लिए बाहर को भागे।

Question 6.
Why did Lencho become unhappy after the storm ? What did he say?
(लैंको तूफान के बाद उदास क्यों हो गया ? उसने क्या कहा ?)
Answer:
After the storm, the field was all covered with hailstones. Not a leaf remained in the trees. The corn was totally destroyed. The flowers were gone from the plants. All this made Lencho very unhappy. He said that the hail had left nothing. They would have no corn that year.

तूफ़ान के बाद पूरा खेत ओलों से ढक गया था। पेड़ों पर एक भी पत्ता नहीं रहा था। अनाज पूरा नष्ट हो गया था। पौधों पर से फूल जाते रहे थे। इस सब से लैंको बहुत दुःखी हो गया। उसने कहा कि ओलों ने कुछ नहीं छोड़ा था। उस वर्ष उन्हें कोई अनाज प्राप्त नहीं होगा।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God

Question 7.
What did Lencho think throughout the night ?
(लैंको पूरी रात क्या सोचता रहा?)
Answer:
Lencho thought only of help from God. This was his only hope. He believed that God sees everything. He believed that God sees even what is deep in one’s heart.

लैंको केवल ईश्वर से सहायता के बारे में सोचता रहा। यह उसकी एकमात्र आशा थी। उसका विश्वास था कि ईश्वर हर चीज़ देखता है। उसका विश्वास था कि ईश्वर वह भी देख लेता है जो आदमी के गहरे दिल में होता है।

Question 8.
Who did Lencho write to for help ? What did he write in his letter ?
(लैंको ने सहायता के लिए किसे लिखा? अपने पत्र में उसने क्या लिखा?) ”
Answer:
Lencho wrote to God for help. In his letter, he wrote, “God, if you don’t help me, my family and I will go hungry this year. I need a hundred pesos in order to sow my field again.”

लैंको ने सहायता के लिए ईश्वर को लिखा। अपने पत्र में उसने लिखा, “ईश्वर, यदि तुम मेरी सहायता नहीं करोगे, तो इस वर्ष मेरे परिवार को और मुझे भूखा रहना पड़ेगा। अपने खेत को फिर से बोने के लिए मुझे एक सौ पेसो की ज़रूरत है।”

Question 9.
How did Lencho address the envelope ? What did he do after that ?
(लिफ़ाफ़े के ऊपर लैंको ने पता कैसे लिखा? इसके बाद उसने क्या किया?)
Answer:
Lencho wrote on the envelope only two words : ‘To God’. He put his letter inside the envelope and went to the town. There he got a stamp at the post office. He put the stamp on the envelope and dropped it into the mailbox.

लैंको ने लिफ़ाफ़े के ऊपर केवल दो शब्द लिखे : ‘ईश्वर को’। उसने अपना पत्र लिफ़ाफ़े में डाला और नगर को गया। वहां उस ने डाकघर से एक टिकट लिया। उसने टिकट को लिफ़ाफ़े के ऊपर लगाया और इसे डाक बक्से में डाल दिया।

Question 10.
Who took the letter to the postmaster?
(पोस्टमास्टर के पास पत्र को कौन ले कर गया?)
Answer:
It was a postman who took the letter to the postmaster.
यह एक डाकिया था जो पोस्टमास्टर के पास पत्र ले कर गया।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God

Question 11.
What did the postmaster do after reading Lencho’s letter ? Why did he do so?
(लैंको का पत्र पढ़ने के बाद पोस्टमास्टर ने क्या किया? उसने ऐसा क्यों किया?)
Answer:
The postmaster was struck by Lencho’s faith in God. He thought of sending God’s reply to Lencho’s letter. He collected money from his employees. He himself gave a part of his salary. Thus he collected seventy pesos. The money was handed to Lencho in the form of a letter.

पोस्टमास्टर ईश्वर में लैंको की आस्था पर चकित रह गया। उसने लैंको के पत्र का ईश्वर द्वारा उत्तर भेजने का विचार बनाया। उसने अपने कर्मचारियों से पैसे इकट्ठा किए। उसने स्वयं अपने वेतन का कुछ भाग दिया। इस तरह उसने सत्तर पेसो इकट्ठे कर लिए। ये पैसे एक पत्र के रूप में लैंको को दे दिए गए।

Question 12.
When did Lencho receive the letter from ‘God’ ? Who gave it to him and where ?
(लैंको को ‘ईश्वर’ की तरफ से आया पत्र कब प्राप्त हुआ? यह पत्र उसे किसने दिया और कहां दिया?)
Answer:
It was a Sunday morning. Lencho went to the post office to ask if there was a letter for him. The postman handed a letter to him. Lencho thought it was a letter from God. But it was the same letter which the post office people had sent for Lencho.

रविवार की प्रातः थी। लैंको डाकघर में यह पूछने गया कि क्या वहां उसके लिए कोई पत्र था। डाकिए ने उसे एक पत्र दिया। लैंको ने समझा कि यह ईश्वर की ओर से आया हुआ पत्र था। किन्तु यह वही पत्र था जो डाक-घर के लोगों ने लैंको के लिए भेजा था।

Question 13.
Was Lencho surprised to receive the money ? Why?
(क्या पैसे प्राप्त करने के बाद लैंको को हैरानी हुई ? क्यों ?)
Answer:
Lencho was not at all surprised to receive the money. He was certain that God would reply his letter and send him the money.
लैंको को पैसे प्राप्त करके बिल्कुल भी हैरानी नहीं हुई। उसे पूरा विश्वास था कि ईश्वर उसके पत्र का उत्तर देगा और उसे पैसे भेजेगा।

Question 14.
Why was Lencho angry after counting the money ?
(पैसे गिनने के बाद लैंको को क्रोध क्यों आया?)
Answer:
Lencho had asked God for a hundred pesos. But he found only seventy pesos in the envelope. He thought that the post-office people had taken out the rest of money. That was why he was angry.

लैंको ने ईश्वर से एक सौ पेसो मांगे थे। किन्तु उसे लिफ़ाफ़े में केवल सत्तर पेसो मिले। उसने सोचा कि बाकी के पैसे डाकघर के लोगों ने निकाल लिए थे। इसी कारण से वह क्रोधित था।

Question 15.
Did Lencho write back to God ? Why did he do so ?
(क्या लैंको ने ईश्वर को वापस पत्र लिखा? उसने ऐसा क्यों किया?)
Answer:
Lencho did write back to God. He had asked God for a hundred pesos. But he got only seventy pesos. He thought the post-office people had taken out the money. So he wrote back to God to send him the rest of money.

लैंको ने ईश्वर को वापस पत्र अवश्य लिखा। उसने ईश्वर से एक सौ पेसो मांगे थे किन्तु उसे केवल सत्तर पेसो प्राप्त हुए। उसने सोचा कि डाकघर के लोगों ने पैसे निकाल लिए थे। इसलिए उसने ईश्वर को वापस पत्र लिखा कि वह उसे बाकी के पैसे भेजे।

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God

Question 16.
What did Lencho write in his second letter to God ?
(लैंको ने ईश्वर को अपने दूसरे पत्र में क्या लिखा?)
Answer:
Lencho had asked God for a hundred pesos. But he got only seventy. He thought the post-office people had taken out his money. So he asked God to send him the other thirty pesos. But he asked Him not to send the money through mail. He said that the post-office employees were a bunch of crooks.

लैंको ने ईश्वर से एक सौ पेसो मांगे थे। किन्तु उसे केवल सत्तर पेसो प्राप्त हुए। उसने सोचा कि डाक-घर के लोगों ने उसके पैसे निकाल लिए थे। इसलिए उसने ईश्वर से कहा कि वह उसे शेष तीस पेसो भेज दे परन्तु उसने उससे (ईश्वर से) यह भी कहा कि वह पैसे डाक से न भेजे। उसने कहा कि डाकखाने के कर्मचारी मक्कारों का टोला थे।

A Letter to God Summary in English

A Letter to God Introduction:

Lencho was, a poor farmer. He was very hard-working. Once there was a hailstorm. It destroyed his crops completely. Lencho had great faith in God. He wrote a letter to God. He asked God to send him money. The postmaster saw this letter. He decided to help Lencho. He collected some money. He put it inside an envelope. Lencho came to the post office to check his mail. The post office people gave him the envelope. Lencho opened the envelope. He took out the money and counted it. He found that it was less than he had asked for. He wrote another letter to God. He asked God to send him the rest of the money. But he wanted Him not to send the money through the mail. He said that the post office people were a bunch of crooks.

A Letter to God Summary in English

Lencho was a poor farmer. He was very hard-working. He was expecting a good harvest after the rains. Lencho waited expectantly for the rains. The rain did come but it came with hailstorm and destroyed his crop completely. Lencho’s soul was filled with sadness. He had firm faith in God. He believed that God would not let him starve. He, therefore, wrote a letter to God, asking Him to send one hundred pesos. (Peso is a unit of money in many Latin American countries and the Philippines.) Lencho then went to the post-office. He fixed a stamp on the letter and put it in the mail-box.

One of the postmen laughed to find in the mail a letter addressed to God. He showed it to the postmaster. The postmaster also laughed on seeing the letter. But immediately he became serious. He admired the faith of the man and decided to help him. He asked for contribution from his employees. He himself also gave a part of his salary. Though he could not collect one hundred pesos, yet he was able to send the farmer a little more than half of it. The postmaster put the money inside an envelope and addressed it to Lencho. He also put into the envelope a letter. But his letter had only one single word written on it. The word was in the form of a signature — God.

PSEB 9th Class English Literature Book Solutions Chapter 4 A Letter to God

The next Sunday Lencho went to the post-office to ask if there was any letter for him. The postman took out a letter and handed it over to Lencho. Lencho was not surprised on seeing the money in the envelope. He was rather angry when he counted the money. There were only seventy pesos in the envelope. Lencho was sure God could not have made a mistake. So he wrote another letter to God asking him to send him the rest of the money. He also wrote to God not to send the money through the mail because he thought that the post-office employees were a bunch of crooks.

A Letter to God Summary in Hindi

A Letter to God Introduction:

लैंको एक ग़रीब किसान था। वह बहत परिश्रम किया करता था। एक बार भारी ओले पड़े। इससे उसकी पूरी फ़सल नष्ट हो गई। लैंको को ईश्वर में बहुत भरोसा था। उसने ईश्वर को एक पत्र लिखा। उसने ईश्वर से कहा कि वह उसे पैसे भेज दे। पोस्टमास्टर ने लैंको का यह पत्र देख लिया। उसने लैंको की सहायता करने का निश्चय किया। उसने कुछ पैसे एकत्रित किए। उसने ये पैसे एक लिफ़ाफ़े में डाल दिए। लैंको अपनी डाक देखने के लिए डाकघर में आया। डाकघर के लोगों ने उसे लिफ़ाफ़ा दे दिया। लैंको ने लिफ़ाफ़ा खोला। उसने पैसे निकाले और इन्हें गिना। उसने देखा कि पैसे उस से कम थे, जितने उसने मांगे थे। उसने ईश्वर को एक अन्य पत्र लिखा। उसने ईश्वर से कहा कि वह उसे बाकी पैसे भेज दे। किन्तु वह ईश्वर से चाहता था कि वह उसे पैसे डाक द्वारा न भेजे। उसने कहा कि डाकघर के लोग धोखेबाज़ों का एक टोला थे।

A Letter to God Summary in Hindi

कहानी का विस्तृत सार लैंको एक निर्धन किसान था। वह बहुत परिश्रम किया करता था। उसे आशा थी कि वर्षा होने के बाद उसकी फ़सल अच्छी होगी। लैंको ने वर्षा की प्रतीक्षा की। वर्षा तो आई किन्तु यह ओलों के साथ आई। लैंको की फ़सल पूरी तरह नष्ट हो गई। उसकी आत्मा उदासी से भर गई किन्तु उसे ईश्वर में विश्वास था। उसे विश्वास था कि ईश्वर उसे भूखा नहीं मरने देगा। इसलिए उसने ईश्वर को एक पत्र लिखा कि वह उसे एक सौ पेसो भेज दे। (पेसो अनेक लेटिन अमरीकी देशों और फिलीपीन्ज़ में मुद्रा की इकाई का नाम है।) पत्र लिखने के बाद लैंको डाकघर को गया। वहां उसने पत्र पर एक टिकट लगाई और इसे डाक-पेटी में डाल दिया।

डाकियों में से एक डाकिया भगवान् को सम्बोधन किए उस पत्र को देखकर हंस दिया। उसने यह पत्र पोस्टमास्टर को दिखाया। पोस्टमास्टर भी पत्र देखकर हंस दिया। परन्तु तुरन्त ही वह गम्भीर हो गया। उसने पत्र लिखने वाले द्वारा भगवान् में व्यक्त विश्वास की सराहना की और उसकी सहायता करने का निश्चय किया। उसने अपने साथी कर्मचारियों से कुछ धन एकत्रित किया। उसने अपने वेतन का भी कुछ भाग दिया। यद्यपि वह एक सौ पेसो एकत्रित न कर सका, वह किसान को आधे से कुछ अधिक पैसे भेजने के योग्य हो गया। पोस्टमास्टर ने यह धन एक लिफ़ाफ़े में डाल दिया जिस पर लैंकों का पता लिखा था। उसने इस लिफाफे के अन्दर एक पत्र भी डाला किन्तु इस पर केवल एक ही शब्द लिखा था। वह शब्द हस्ताक्षर के रूप में था-ईश्वर।

अगले रविवार के दिन लैंको डाकघर में यह पूछने गया कि क्या उसका कोई पत्र आया था। डाकिए ने एक पत्र निकाला और इसे लैंको को दे दिया। लैंको लिफ़ाफ़े में पड़े पैसे देखकर चकित न हुआ क्योंकि उसे विश्वास था कि ईश्वर उसकी सहायता अवश्य करेगा। किन्तु जब उसने पैसों को गिना तो वहां केवल 70 पेसो ही निकले। लैंको क्रोध से भर गया। उसे विश्वास था कि ईश्वर ग़लती नहीं कर सकता था। इसलिए उसने ईश्वर के नाम एक और पत्र लिखा तथा उसे शेष पैसे भेजने के लिए कहा। उसने ईश्वर को यह भी लिखा कि वह डाक द्वारा पैसे न भेजे क्योंकि उसके अनुसार डाकघर के कर्मचारी धोखेबाज़ लोगों का एक टोला था।

A Letter to God Translation in Hindi

(Page 35-36)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. entire—पूरी ; 2. crest-चोटी ; 3. dotted—इधर-उधर बिखरा हुआ, छिटका हुआ ; 4. harvest—पकी हुई फसल ; 5. downpour_भारी वर्षा ; 6. intimately-पूरी तरह से ; 7. supper – सायंकाल का भोजन ; 8. predicted-पहले ही बता दिया था ; 9. approaching-नजदीक आते हुए ; 10. pleasure-खुशी।

अनुवाद-वह मकान-जो उस पूरी घाटी में एकमात्र ही था-एक निचली पहाड़ी की चोटी पर खड़ा था। इस ऊंचाई पर से आदमी नदी को तथा पके हुए अनाज के उस खेत को देख सकता था जो हर जगह ऐसे फूलों, से भरा हुआ था जो सदा एक अच्छी फसल के होने का भरोसा दिलाते थे।

एकमात्र चीज़ जिसकी धरती को ज़रूरत थी, वह थी-एक मूसलाधार वर्षा अथवा कम-से-कम एक बौछार। उस पूरी प्रातः के दौरान लैंको-जो अपने खेतों को पूरी तरह से जानता था–ने उत्तर-पूर्व से आकाश को देखने के अतिरिक्त अन्य कोई काम नहीं किया था।

“ए औरत, हमें अब सचमुच कुछ पानी मिलने वाला है।” उस औरत ने, जो सायंकाल का भोजन तैयार कर रही थी, उत्तर दिया, “हां, यदि ईश्वर की इच्छा हुई।” जो लड़के आयु में बड़े थे, वे खेत में काम कर रहे थे, जबकि छोटे लड़के घर के नज़दीक खेल रहे थे, और अन्त में औरत ने उन सब को यह कहते हुए बुलाया, “रात्रि-भोजन के लिए आ जाओ……………।”

इस भोजन के दौरान ही, जैसा कि लैंको ने पहले ही अनुमान लगा लिया था, वर्षा की बड़ी-बड़ी बूंदें गिरने लगीं। उत्तर-पूर्वी दिशा में बड़े-बड़े पहाड़ों के जैसे बादल आते दिखाई दिये। हवा ताजी तथा सुहावनी लग रही थी। वह आदमी बाहर चला गया, तथा इसके अतिरिक्त इसका अन्य कोई कारण नहीं था कि वह अपने शरीर पर वर्षा के अनुभव का आनन्द लेना चाहता था, तथा जब वह वापस आया तो उसने खुशी से चिल्लाते हुए कहा “ये आकाश से गिरती हुई वर्षा की बूंदे नहीं हैं; ये तो नये सिक्के हैं। बड़ी बूंदें दस-दस सेन्ट के सिक्के हैं, तथा छोटी बूंदे पांच-पांच सेन्ट के सिक्के।”

(Page 36)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. expression-चेहरे पर का भाव ; 2. regarded—सन्तोष के भाव से निरन्तर देखता रहा ; 3. draped—ढके हुए ; 4. hailstones-ओले ; 5. resemble-के जैसे लगना ; 6. exposing बिना ढके हुए छोड़ देना ; 7. passes—समाप्त हो जाएगा ; 8. cornfield-अनाज का खेत ; 9. plague-बड़ा भारी दल ; 10. locusts-पंखदार, कीड़े, टिड्डियां ; 11. solitary-एकान्त ; 12. upset-चिन्तित ; 13. instructed—सिखाया ; 14. conscience—दिल, आत्मा।

अनुवाद-संतोष की भावना सहित उसने पके अनाज के उस खेत को देखा जो फूलों से भरा हुआ था तथा जो वर्षा रूपी चादर से ढका हुआ था। किन्तु अचानक एक तेज़ हवा चलने लगी और वर्षा के साथ-साथ बहुत बड़े-बड़े ओले गिरने लगे। ये सचमुच ही चांदी के नए सिक्कों के जैसे लगते थे। वर्षा में भीगने की परवाह न करते हुए लड़के उन जमे हुए मोतियों को इकट्ठा करने के लिए बाहर को भाग लिए। “अब मौसम सचमुच खराब होता जा रहा है,” लैंको ने दु:खी होते हुए कहा, “मुझे आशा है कि यह (ओले पड़ना) शीघ्र ही समाप्त हो जाएगा।”

किन्तु यह शीघ्र समाप्त न हुआ। लगातार एक घण्टा भर ओले बरसते रहे-घर के ऊपर, बाग़ में, पहाड़ी की ढलान पर, अनाज के खेत में और पूरी घाटी के ऊपर। खेत सफ़ेद हो गया, मानो यह नमक से ढका हुआ हो। पेड़ों के ऊपर एक पत्ता भी न रहा। अनाज पूरी तरह से नष्ट हो गया। पौधों पर से फूल जाते रहे। लैंको की आत्मा उदासी से भर गई। जब तूफ़ान समाप्त हो गया तो वह खेत के मध्य में जा खड़ा हुआ, और अपने बेटों से कहने लगा,

“एक बड़ा टिड्डी-दल भी इससे ज्यादा शेष छोड़ जाता ओले तो कुछ भी बाकी नहीं छोड़ गए हैं। इस वर्ष हमारे पास कोई अनाज नहीं होगा ………….” वह रात एक दुःख की रात थी।
“हमारी सब मेहनत बेकार गई है।” “कोई नहीं है. जो हमारी मदद कर सके।”
“इस वर्ष हम सब को भूखे रहना होगा …..” किन्तु उन सभी लोगों के दिलों में, जो घाटी के मध्य उस एकान्त घर में रहते थे, वहां एक-मात्र आशा अब भी थी-ईश्वर से मदद की आशा।
“इतना दुःखी मत बनो, यद्यपि ऐसा लगता है कि सब लुट गया है। याद रखो, भूख से कोई नहीं मरता है।”
“कहते तो ऐसा ही हैं-भूख से कोई नहीं मरता।” (अर्थात् ईश्वर किसी को भूख से नहीं मरने देता)।
पूरी रात भर लैंको अपनी एकमात्र आशा के विषय में सोचता रहा-उस ईश्वर की सहायता के बारे में जिस की आंखें, जैसा कि उसे सिखाया गया था, सब-कुछ देखती हैं, उस चीज़ को भी जो मनुष्य के गहरे अन्तर्मन में होती है।

(Page 37-38)

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. an ox of a man-बैल की भाँति काम करने वाला ; 2. following-अगले ; 3. daybreak-प्रभात ; 4. pesos-अनेक लातीनी अमरीकी देशों का सिक्का ; 5. troubled- चिन्तित ; 6. dropped—डाल दिया ; 7. employees—कर्मचारी ; 8. boss—अधिकारी ; 9. heartily-बहुत ज्यादा ; 10. career-काम, नौकरी ; 11. amiable-मैत्रीपूर्ण ; 12. broke out-शुरू हो गया ; 13. tapping—टपटपाते हुए ; 14. commented—टिप्पणी की ; 15. correspondence-पत्र-व्यवहार ;16. shake-कमज़ोर बनाना ; 17. evident-स्पष्ट ; 18. goodwill-सद्भावना ; 19. stuck-दृढ़-निश्चय बना रहा ; 20. resolution-निश्चय ; 21. obliged—बाध्य हो गए ; 22. charity-दया ; 23. the following–अगले ; 24. a bit थोड़ा सा ; 25. handed—दिया ; 26. experiencing-महसूस करते हुए ; 27. contentment-सन्तोष ; 28. performed—किया होना।

अनुवाद-लैंको बैल की भाँति काम करने वाला व्यक्ति था। वह खेतों में एक पशु की भाँति काम करता था, किन्तु फिर भी उसे लिखना आता था। आगामी रविवार के दिन प्रातः होते ही वह एक पत्र लिखने लगा जिसे वह स्वयं नगर ले जा कर डाक में डालना चाहता था। यह पत्र ईश्वर को लिखे गए पत्र से कोई कम पत्र नहीं था।

“प्रभु,” उसने लिखा, “यदि आप मेरी सहायता नहीं करोगे तो मुझे तथा मेरे परिवार को इस वर्ष भूखा रहना होगा। मुझे अपने खेत को फिर से बोने के लिए अपना गुजारा चलाने के लिए एक सौ पेसो की ज़रूरत है जब तक कि (अगली) फसल नहीं आती क्योंकि ओलों ने ……”

Class 9 English Literature Book PSEB Supplementary Reader

The Aged Mother Question Answer Class 8 English Solutions Chapter 2 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother Question Answers

The Aged Mother Class 8 Questions and Answers

Activity 1

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the lesson (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings.

despotic suggestive failing prompted barbarous abandoning widowed
humble reckless snapped . hastened blaze abolished frailty

Vocabulary Expansion

Activity 2

Put a tick on the option that brings out the meaning of the underlined word.

1. It was governed by a despotic leader.
(a) A person who expects everyone to obey all his orders.
(b) A person who loves his people.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

2. He had a great dislike for anything suggestive of failing health and strength.
(a) giving an idea of
(b) typical

3. This prompted him to make a cruel law for the province.
(a) encouraged to do something
(b) made a rule

4. Those were barbarous days.
(a) uncivilized
(b) crude

5. The custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon.
(a) to leave or desert
(b) to discontinue

6. The narrow road was crossed and re-crossed by many paths made by the hụnters and the woodcutters.
(a) small width
(b) big

7. She stretched forth her hand and snapped the twigs from bushes.
(a) broke
(b) pulled

8. His demand was that his subjects should present him with a rope of ash.
(a) people
(b) studies

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

9. That very hour the cruel law was abolished.
(a) came to an end
(b) destroyed

10. He realised that old age meant experience of life and not frailty.
(a) physical weakness
(b) strength
Answer:
1. (a) A person who expects everyone to obey all his orders
2. (a) giving an idea of
3. (a) encouraged to do something
4. (a) uncivilized
5. (a) to leave or desert
6. (a) small width
7. (a) broke
8. (a) people
9. (a) came to an end
10. (a) physical weakness.

Learning to Read and Comprehend 

Activity 3:

Rearrange the sentences given below in the correct sequence.

Write the numbers in the given brackets. The first one is done for you.
1. The son decided to take his mother back home.
2. A farmer decided to leave his old mother on the top of a mountain.
3. The governor realized his mistake and abolished the law.
4. Once in Shining, a cruel ruler made a law that all the old people must be put to death.
5. Using the idea of his old and experienced mother, the farmer made a rope of ash.
6. When the farmer turned to go back home, the mother advised him to return home with the help of twigs.
7. Filled with fear, he hid his mother in his home.
8. The mother dropped the small twigs as markers on the way to help her son return home safely.
Answer:
1. Once in Shining, a cruel ruler made a law that all the old people must be put to death.
2. A farmer decided to leave his old mother on the top of a mountain.
3. The mother dropped the small twigs as markers on the way to help her son return home safely.
4. When the farmer turned to go back home, the mother advised him to return home with the help of twigs.
5. The son decided to take his mother back home.
6. Filled with fear, he hid his mother in his home.
7. Using the idea of his old and experienced mother, the farmer made a rope of ash.
8. The governor realized his mistake and abolished the law.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Activity 4.

Answer the following questions in one or two sentences.

Question 1.
What was the cruel announcement made by the despotic leader ?
तानाशाह नेता द्वारा क्या घोषणा की गई ?
Answer:
It was to put all the aged in the province to death.

Question 2.
Why was the farmer sorrowful ?
Answer:
The farmer was sorrowful because he loved his old mother very much. He did not want to leave her.

Question 3.
What things did the farmer carry to the top of the mountain ?
किसान पर्वत की चोटी पर क्या-क्या चीजें ले गया ?
Answer:
The farmer carried some cooked rice and a pot filled with cold water to the top of the mountain.

Question 4.
What made the mother anxious as they climbed up the mountain ?
पहाड़ी पर चढ़ते समय माँ को किस बात ने चिंतित किया?
Answer:
Many paths to the top of the mountain were unknown to the son. This made the mother anxious. She got worried about her son to lose his way on his return.

Question 5.
What did the mother drop along the way?
माँ ने रास्ते के साथ-साथ क्या गिरा दिया ?
Answer:
The mother dropped twigs along the way.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Question 6.
What was the advice given by the farmer’s mother for the safe return of her son ?
किसान की माँ ने अपने पुत्र की सुरक्षित वापिसी के लिए क्या परामर्श दिया ?
Answer:
She adviced her son to follow the path dotted with piles of twigs.

Question 7.
Where did the farmer hide his mother?
किसान ने अपनी माँ को कहाँ छिपाया ?
Answer:
The farmer hide his mother in a walled closet under their kitchen floor.

Question 8.
When did the Governor realize his mistake ?
गवर्नर को अपनी गलती का अहसास कब हुआ ?
Answer:
The governor realized his mistake when he came to know the truth of real wisdom. He realized that real wisdom comes with a growing age.

Activity 5

Identify the underlined character(s).

1. He gave orders for the aged to be put to death.
2. He considered the order to be the kindest mode of death.
3. She quietly dropped some twigs on the way.
4. Together we will follow the path, together we will die.
5. He listened and meditated in silence.
Answer:
1. The governor of Shining
2. the farmer
3. the farmer’s old mother
4. the farmer and his old mother
5. The governor.

The Determiners

To determine’ means to mark, to fix or to limit. Therefore, a determiner is a word which limits or fixes the meaning of a noun. It is also called a Noun-marker.

‘Determine’ का अर्थ है कुछ निर्धारित करना या सीमित करना। इस तरह Determiner वह शब्द है जो Noun के अर्थ को ‘निश्चित करता है या एक सीमा में बांधता है। इसे Noun-marker भी कहा जाता है।

Examples :
1. He helped his friend.
2. My friend gave me a pen.
In sentence 1. ‘his’ is a determiner. It tells us that ‘he’ helped only ‘his friend and no one else. In sentence

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

2. the word ‘my’ is a determiner.

Note : A determiner limits or fixes only the noun and not any other part of speech.
For example : Veena is a good girl. In this sentence a refers to the noun ‘girl and the adjective ‘good’ makes no difference to the function of a. Kinds of Determiners.
There are five types of determiners :

1. Articles – a, an, the
2. Possessives – my, our, your, his, her, their, its.
3. Numerals – one, two, three, four, first, second, etc.
4. Quantitative – all, any, little, a little, much, some, etc.
5. Demonstratives – this, that, these, those. 1. Articles
There are two types of articles :
1. Indefinite articles – ‘a’, ‘an’
2. Definite article – the
(a) Indefinite articles : ‘A’and ‘an’ are indefinite articles. They are used before a countable common noun in singular number. They are called indefinite articles because they are used with indefinite names.
Examples : a boy, a pencil, an apple, etc.

Use of ‘a’ and ‘an’
1. ‘An’ is generally used with countable common nouns in singular numbers before words beginning with a vowel sound.
For example : an apple, an egg, an MLA, an umbrella, an incident.

2. If a word begins with a silent h, ‘an’ is used before it.
For example : an hour, an honest man.

3. When a word begins with a vowel letter ‘u’ sounding like ‘you’, ‘& is used before ‘it instead of ‘an’.
For example : a university, a union.

4. If a word begins with a vowel letter é sounding like ‘you’, ‘k’ is used instead of ‘an’.
For example : a European.

5. If a vowel gives the sound of ‘w’, ‘a’ is used.
For example : a one-eyed man, a one-rupee coin.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

6. ‘A’ and an’ are used in expressions denoting price, speed, ratio etc.
For example : thirty miles an hour
twenty rupees a day
two of a trade

7. ‘A’ is used in some numerical expressions.
For example :
a great deal, a lot of, a dozen, a hundred

8. ‘A’ is used with few’ and ‘little’.
For example :
I borrowed a few books from him.
A little knowledge is a dangerous thing.

(b) Definite Article :
“The’ is called the definite article because it points out to a definite person or a thing.
1. I met a boy.
2. The boy told me a story.
3. The story was very interesting.
In the first sentence ‘a boy’ means any boy and not a particular person.
In the second sentence, ‘the boy’ refers to a particular person. Similarly, in the second sentence ‘a story’ means any story. But in the third sentence ‘the story’ means a particular story.

Use of ‘the’
“The’ is used to denote a particular person, place or thing.
For example:
1. He is the boy who won the prize.
2. She has gone to the bus stop.
“The’ is used when a person, place or thing has already been mentioned.
For example :
I bought a bicycle. The bicycle cost me ₹5000.
‘The’ is used to denote the whole class or community.
For example : The dog runs fast.

Special ‘use of the’ :
1. Before the names of rivers, mountain ranges, oceans, groups of islands, bays, descriptive names of states and countries :
the Ganges
the Ravi/Beas
the Shivaliks
the Indian Ocean
the Andaman and Nicobar Islands
the Bay of Bengal
the USA

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

2. Before the names of newspapers, magazines, companies, corporations, organizations :
The Tribune
The Hindustan Times
The Life Insurance
The National Book Trust
The Punjab Roadways

3. Before the names of sacred books :
the Ramayana/the Gita
the Guru Granth Sahib
the Quran
the Vedas
the Bible

4. Before musical instruments :
the sitar
the veena

5. Before the names of unique things :
the sun the moon
the stars

6. Before adjectives in superlative degree :
He is the best doctor of the college.
Mumbai is the biggest city in India.

7. Before adjectives used as nouns :
the sick
the poor

8. As part of the phrase made of the comparative degrees :
The higher we go, the colder it gets.

9. When a family name is used to refer to the whole family:
The Malhotras are a happy family.

The position of the Article
Generally the article is placed before the noun it refers to. But when an adjective or an adverb appears before a noun, the article comes before the adjective or the adverb.
For example :
She is a teacher. (before a noun)
She is a good teacher. (before an adjective)
She is a very good player. (before an adverb)
But when the adjective is preceded by “as,’ ‘so’, ‘too’ and ‘how’, the article is used between :the noun and the adjective.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

For example:
so beautiful a house
too hot a day
When the noun is preceeded by ‘such’, both’ and ‘all, the article is placed after them.

For example :
I have not seen such a fool.
Both the brothers were present.
All the boys had left.

2. Possessives
(सम्बन्धवाचक शब्द) my, her, your,his, its, our, their सम्बन्धवाचक सर्वनाम है और इनका प्रयोग एक वचन और बहुवचन दोनों प्रकार को संज्ञाओं के साथ किया जाता है जैसे
These determiners are possessive forms of personal pronouns. They can be used both before singular and plural nouns.
For example :
1 I do not lend my books to anyone.
2. We love our teacher.
3. One should do one’s duty.
4. My mother is a doctor.

3. Numerals
Numerals are words that relate to numbers. There are three types of numerals :
Definite Numerals : They refer to a definite or exact number.
The definite numerals are further divided into two kinds:
a. Cardinals : one, two, three, five, etc.
These words can be used before nouns which are countable :
1. Please bring one pen for me.
2. He gave him ten coins.

b. Ordinals : first, second, third, etc.
These words are used to indicate order:
1. The first book was very boring.
2.He was the last man to come.

Indefinite Numerals : They refer to vague or indefinite number such as “many’, ‘few’;’a . few’, ‘the few’, ‘several, ‘all’, etc.
1. I have many things to do.
2. Several people witnessed the accident.
3. He has few friends in the city. (almost none)
4. He does have a few friends in the city. (a small number)
5. The few friends he has are loyal to him. (whatever small number)

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Distributive Numerals :
These words refer to each of a group, such as ‘each’, ‘every’, “either’, ‘neither’ etc.
1. Each of us must do so.
2. Each of the boys must do his duty.
3. Either Gurpreet or Harpreet has won the prize.

4. Quantitatives
Words like some’, ‘any’, ‘little’, ‘much etc. are determiners of quantity.
(a) Some and Any: ‘Some’ has positive implications and any’ has negative implications. · Questions with negative implications also take any’. But questions with positive
implications take ‘some’.

Examples :
1. I want some milk. Is there any milk in the house ?
2. I spent some holidays with my uncle.
3. There is hardly any milk.
4. Did you hear any noise ?
5. Do you want books ? We have some very good books.
6. I don’t have any money with me.
7. I have hardly any money.
8. There was hardly any boy in the school.
9. I can lend you some money.

(b) Much : ‘Much’ is used to denote quantity.
He has much money.
Don’t think about it too much.

(c) Little, a little, the little : ‘Little’ has a negative implication. It means ‘hardly any’. A little means ‘some’. “The little means whatever little exists, but the whole of it.
I want to have some water. But there is little water in the pitcher.
However, there is a little in the bucket.
I have drunk the little water the jug had.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

5. Demonstratives
This’, ‘that’, ‘these and those are called Demonstrative determiners. They point out the object denoted by the nouns that follow them. “This and that are singular; ‘these and ‘those are plural. They show which person, place or thing is being talked about.

For example :
1. This book is mine and that is yours.
2. These men are hardworking.
3. Those girls sing very well.

Activity 6

Fill in the blanks with suitable determiners.

1. I went to …………….. window which commanded a large green garden.
2. I have …………………. work to do…
3. Lookout of the window for ………………… minute.
4. …………… shirt is costly but ……………….. shirt is cheap.
5. ………………….. books she had were all lost.
6. ………………… pen costs two rupees.
7. But I had …………………. idea of all this.
8. He didn’t make . …………….. mistakes in the essay.
9. I borrowed ……………….. books from him.
10. It educates both ……………….. blind and the helpers.
11. We should look into ………………….. depth of the problem.
12. It was ………………….. daring idea.
13. ………………….. boys attended the class.
14. This is …………….. good home for him.
15. ………………… teachers were asked to be present on Sunday.
16. …………………. sum cannot be solved by ……….. silly boys.
17. Besides them stood Pasteur, holding a narrow tube in … ………… hand.
18. They took samples from ………………. brain of a dog that had died.
19. ………….. little knowledge is …………….. dangerous thing.
20. He takes ……………… interest in me.
Answer:
1. the
2. much
3. a
4. this, that/ my, your
5. The
6. My
7. no
8. any
9. some
10. the
11. the
12. a
13. only, A few
14. a
15. only
16. This, the,
17. his
18. the
19. A, a
20. no.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Activity 7 :

Rewrite the following sentences after correcting them by adding/deleting a word wherever necessary in each sentence :

Question 1.
Only few men are honest.
Answer:
Only a few men are honest.

Question 2.
The man is mortal.
Answer:
Man is mortal.

Question 3.
He acted like man.
Answer:
He acted like a man.

Question 4.
Beas flows in Punjab.
Answer:
The Beas flows in the Punjab.

Question 5.
You are in wrong but he is in right.
Answer:
You are in the wrong but he is in the right.

Question 6.
He is by far ablest boy.
Answer:
He is by far the ablest boy.

Question 7.
Nobody likes a person with bad temper.
Answer:
Nobody likes a person with a bad temper.

Question 8.
The iron is useful metal.
Answer:
Iron is a useful metal.

Question 9.
Not word was said.
Answer:
Not a word was said.

Question 10.
He has too high a opinion of you.
Answer:
He has too high an opinion of you.

Question 11.
Learn this poem by the heart.
Answer:
I learn this poem by heart.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Question 12.
Never tell lie.
Answer:
Never tell a lie.

Leaning to Listen

Activity 8.

Listen to your teacher carefully. She/he will tell you a story. Write the story in the given space as you hear it. Listen carefully to the pauses and tone and use appropriate punctuation marks.
Answer:
The Lion and the Boar
It was a hot summer day. A lion and a boar reached a small water body for a drink. They began arguing and fighting about who would drink first. After a while they were tired and stopped for breath, when they noticed vultures above. Some. they realized that the vultures are waiting for one or both of them to fall, to feast on them. The lion and the boar then decided that it were best to make up and be friends than fight and become food for vultures. They drank the water together and went their own ways.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Learning to Speak
Role Play

Making Telephone Calls in Emergency
There are special emergency numbers that you can dial in an emergency. For example, to call the police you need to dial 100 from your phone. Other emergency calls could be made to the ambulance service, fire station, trauma centres, etc. When making such calls, we must give quick and adequate information. Our address or location and our contact details are most important. We must also be able to tell them the reason for our call i.e. what kind of emergency we are dealing with.

Look at the following conversation for proper understanding :

Police station : Hello, this is Mullanpur Police Station.
You : Hello, there is a hit and run case. A boy is lying injured on the road.
Police station : Please give us your location details.
You : I am standing near the main office of Omaxe Township. I will send you my mobile location.
Police station : That will be very helpful!
You : Can you also call an ambulance please ? He needs immediate medical attention.

Activity 9.

Create a dialogue between yourself and the Fire station informing them about the fire near your house. Once you have written the dialogue in your notebooks, practise it with your partner. You must take turn to play both roles.
Answer:

I : Hurry up ! There is a big fire in Sector 11.
Fire station : What is the location ?
I : It is just behind the Rose Model School Building.
Fire station : Worry not! The Fire Brigade reaches within five minutes.
I : How can we help you?
Fire station : Look ! Try to keep the traffic away from the road.

Story Writting

Activity 10

Write a short story. You may use some of the following words and phrases :

  • felt scared
  • heard the sound in the cupboard
  • thought it must be a thief
  • might be a killer
  • lay still
  • could hardly breathe
  • felt someone touched my foot
  • shouted with fear
  • parents came and switched on light
  • saw a rat

Begin your story with :
Suddenly, I woke up. It was very dark. I felt there was someone in my room. I tried to guess who it could be. It might be a thief. It could be a killer. I got scared and lay still. I could hardly breathe, out of fear. I felt someone touching my foot. I shouted loudly. At that very moment, my parents came and switched on the light. We all burst into laughter when we saw a rat close to my bed.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

Learning to Use the language (Grop Work)

Activity 11

Suppose your classroom has been attacked by a swarm of bees. It is time to go back home. Get into groups of five and think of how you will take your bags from the classroom full of bees. You will get 5 minutes to discuss.
Answer:
When you have finished discussing, your chosen group leader will present your ideas in front of the class. The teacher will observe and discuss good, practical and impractical points.
Group leader : We are going to cover our body with blankets, lying in the emergency room. We will produce smoke by burning a rags. It will make the bees fly away. We will quickly pick up our bags and come out of the room.
Teacher : This method may work successfully. But some bees may not fly away. You must: keep this point in mind.

Comprehension of passage

Read the following passages and answer the questions given below each :

(1) Long, long ago there was a province in Japan called Shining. It was governed by a despotic leader. He was a good warrior but he had a great dislike for anything suggestive of failing health and strength. This prompted him to make a cruel law for the province. The entire province was given strict orders to immediately put all the aged people to death. Those were barbarous days and the custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon.

In the same province lived a poor farmer and his aged widowed mother at the foot of the mountain. They owned a bit of land which supplied them with food. They were humble, peaceful and happy. The poor farmer loved his aged mother and dealt with her very tenderly. The order by the despot filled his heart with sorrow. Other people did not think twice about obeying the order of the governor but this farmer was very unhappy. However, he had to obey the order so the farmer prepared for what at that time was considered the kindest way of death.

1. What prompted him to make a cruel law ?
उसे किस बात ने क्रूर कानून बनाने के लिए प्रोत्साहित किया ?

2. What was the order given to the people ?
लोगों को क्या आदेश दिया गया

3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The order by the despot filled the heart of the farmer with delight.
(b) The mother and the son were humble and peaceful.

4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) The custom of abandoning old people to die was …….
(b) They owned a bit of land which …
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) entire whole
(ii) barbarous beautiful
cruel

Answer:
1. He disliked failing health and strength. This prompted him to make a cruel law.
2. The people were ordered to put all the aged people to death immediately.
3. (a) False, (b) True.
4. (a) The custom of abandoning old people to die was not uncommon.
(b) They owned a bit of land which supplied them with food.
Or
(i) entire — whole
(ii) barbarous — cruel.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

(2) Just at sunset, when his day’s work ended, he took some unwhitened rice which was the main food for the poor and cooked it, dried it and tied it in a cloth which he swung in a bundle around his neck along with a pot filled with cool water. Then he lifted his helpless old mother on his back and started on his painful journey up the mountain. The road was long and steep. The narrow road was crossed and re-crossed by many paths made by the hunters and the woodcutters. At some places, they got lost and confused but he did not think about it. He was about to abandon his dear mother so it did not matter. which path he took to reach the mountain top. On he went, climbing blindly upward-ever upward towards the high bare summit known as Obatsuyama, the mountain where the aged were abandoned.

1. Where did he take his old mother?
2. Why was the journey painful ?
3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The name of the high bare summit was Shining.
(b) Unpolished rice was the main food for the people.
4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) In this bundle, along with rice there was a pot ……..
(b) The summit where …………… was known as obatsuyama.
Or. Write the meaning of the following words in English : (Any two)
helpless, summit, puzzled.
Answer:
1. He took his old mother to the top of a mountain.
2. The journey was painful because it lay through a mountain. The road was long and steep. Beside, the son was carrying his helpless old mother on his back.
3. (a) False
(b) True.
4. (a) In the bundle, along with rice, there was a pot filled with cool water.
(b) The summit where the aged were abandoned was known as obatsuyama.
Or
poor, top, confused.

(3) The eyes of the old mother were not so dim that they could not notice the reckless hastening from one path to another and her loving heart grew anxious. Her son did not know many paths of the mountain and his return might be dangerous so she stretched forth her hand and snapped twigs from bushes as they passed. She quietly dropped a handful every few steps of the way so that as they climbed, the narrow path behind them was dotted with tiny piles of twigs. At last, the summit was reached. Weary and heartsick, the youth gently released his burden and silently prepared a place of comfort as his last duty to the loved one. Gathering fallen pine needles, he made a soft cushion and tenderly lifted his old mother onto it. He wrapped her padded coat more closely about her stooping shoulders and with tearful eyes and an aching heart, he had farewell to his mother.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

1. Why did the old mother grow anxious ?
वृद्ध मोँ चिंता में क्यों पड़ गई
2. Why did he prepare a place of comfort ?
उसने आरामदायक स्थान क्यों तैयार किया ?
3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The summit was reached easily.
(b) He had farewell to his mother with tearful eyes.
4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Gathering fallen pine needles, he made a
(b) The narrow path behind them was dotted with …
Or
Match the words with their meaning :

(i) Weary softly and slowly
(ii) tenderly heavy
tired

Answer:
1. The old mother grew anxious because her son did not know many paths of mountain. So his return might be dangerous.
2. He prepared a place of comfort for his old mother. It was a symbol of his last duty to his loved mother.
3. (a) False
(b) True.
4. (a) Gathering fallen pine needles, he made a soft cushion.
(b) The narrow path behind them was dotted with tiny piles of twigs.
Or
tired
(i) Weary — tired
(ii) Tenderly — softly and slowly.

(4) The entire province of Shining trembled with fear. The order had to be obeyed but how could any one make a rope of ash ? One night, in great distress, the son whispered the news to his hidden’ mother. “Wait”, she said, “Let me think … Let me think”. On the second day, she told him what to do, “Make a rope of twisted straw.” she said. “Then stretch it upon a row of flat stones and burn it on a windless night.” He called the people together and did as she had said. When the blaze died down, there upon the stones, with every twist and fiber showing perfectly, lay a rope of ash.

The governor was pleased at the wit of the youth and praised greatly but he demanded to know where he had obtained his wisdom from. “Alas! Alas!” cried the farmer, “the truth must be told!” and with deep bows, he narrated his story. The governor listened and then meditated is silence. Finally, he lifted his head. “Shining needs more than the strength of youth,” he said gravely. “Ah, how could I have forgotten the well-known saying, “With the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom !” That very hour, the cruel law was abolished as he realised that old age means experience of life and not frailty.

1. What was the order given to the people of Shining ?
Shining के लोगों को क्या आदेश दिया गया था?
2. Who made the rope and how ?
रस्सी किसने बनाई और कैसे ?
3. Choose true and false statements and write them in your answer-book :
(a) The entire province of Shining jumped with joy.
(b) “With the crown of snow, there cometh wisdom” is a well-known saying.
4. Complete the following sentences according to the meaning of the passage :
(a) Shining needs more than the …………..
(b) That very hour, the cruel law …………….
Or Write the meanings of the following words in English : (Any two) wit, meditated, gravely.
Answer.
1. The people of Shining given the order of making a rope of ash.
2. The young farmer made the rope. He made it by burning some twisted straw on a windless night.
3. (a) False
(b) True.
4. (a) Shining needs more than the strength of youth.
(b) That very hour, the cruel law was abolished.
Or wit—wisdom, meditated—thought over something deeply, gravely—-seriously.

Use Of Words And Phrases in Sentences

1. Warrior – Arjuna was a great warrior.
2. Abolish – The British government abolished the salt law.
3. Prompt – His cruel nature prompted him to tease the poor beggar.
4. Humble – My father is very humble at heart.
5. Peaceful – The villagers are very peaceful.
6. Boast of – Never boast of your wealth.
7. Summit – The Himalayas have many high summits.
8. Distress – He is in great distress these days.
9. Pleased at – I am pleased at his honesty.
10. Blaze – The sudden blaze almost blinded him.

Word Meaning

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother 1

The Aged Mother Summary in Hindi

Long, long ago …………………… aged were abandoned.

बहुत समय पहले जापान में शीनिंग (Shining) नामक एक प्रांत था। वहाँ पर एक निरंकुश नेता का शासन था। वह एक अच्छा योद्धा था परन्तु उसे गिरते स्वास्थ्य और ताकत के बारे में कोई भी बात अच्छी नहीं लगती थी। इस बात ने उसे प्रांत के लिए एक क्रूर कानून बनाने के लिए उकसाया। पूरे प्रांत में सभी वृद्धों को तुरन्त मार डालने के सख्त आदेश जारी कर दिए गए। ये बर्बरता के दिन थे और वृद्ध लोगों को मरने के लिए छोड़ देना कोई असामान्य बात नहीं थी। . इसी प्रांत में पहाड़ी के तल पर एक ग़रीब किसान अपनी बूढ़ी विधवा माँ के साथ रहता था। उनके पास भूमि का एक छोटा सा टुकड़ा था जिससे वे जीवनयापन करते थे।

वे विनम्र, शांतिप्रिय तथा खुश थे। गरीब किसान अपनी वृद्ध माँ को बहुत प्यार करता था और वह उसके साथ बहुत ही नम्रतापूर्वक व्यवहार करता था। तानाशाह के आदेश से उसका मन दु:खी हो गया। अन्य लोगों ने शासक के आदेश का पालन करने पर एक बार भी पुनः विचार नहीं किया। परन्तु किसान बहुत ही अप्रसन्न था। फिर भी उसे आदेश का पालन करना था इसलिए किसान ने वह तरीका अपनाने की तैयारी कर ली जो उस काल में मृत्यु का सबसे दयापूर्ण तरीका माना जाता था।

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Chapter 2 The Aged Mother

शाम के समय जब दिनभर का कार्य समाप्त हो गया, उसने कुछ कच्चे चावल जो गरीबों का मुख्य भोजन था लिये और उन्हें पकाया। उसने चावलों को सुखाकर एक कपड़े में इनकी गठरी बना कर उसने इन्हें अपने गले में लटका लिया। उसने ठण्डे पानी से भरा एक, बर्तन भी उनके साथ लटका लिया। तब उसने अपनी लाचार बूढ़ी माँ को अपनी पीठ पर उठा लिया और पहाड़ी पर अपनी कष्टभरी यात्रा के लिए चल पड़ा। सड़क लम्बी और सीधी खड़ी थी। संकरी सड़क को जगह-जगह पर शिकारियों और लकड़हारों द्वारा बनाए गए रास्ते काटते रहे।

कुछ स्थानों पर वे उलझ गए और भटक गए परन्तु उसने इस बारे में नहीं सोचा। उसे तो अपनी प्रिय माँ को त्यागना था, इसलिए इस बात का कोई महत्त्व नहीं था कि वह किस रास्ते से पहाड़ की चोटी पर पहुँचे। वह अन्धा-धुंध ऊपर की ओर चढ़ता गया और अधिक ऊपर उस वनस्पति हीन शिखर की ओर जो Obatsuyama के नाम से जाना जाता था। यह वह पर्वत था जहाँ वृद्धों को त्यागा (छोड़ा) जाता था। .

The eyes of the old……….. we will die !”

वृद्ध माँ की आँखें इतनी धुंधली नहीं हुईं थीं कि वे लापरवाही से एक मार्ग से दूसरे मार्ग पर जाते हुए कदमों को न भांप सकें। उसका प्रेम भरा मन चिंतित हो उठा। उसके पुत्र को पर्वत के बहुत से मार्गों की जानकारी नहीं थी और इससे उसकी वापसी खतरनाक हो सकती थी। इसलिए आगे बढ़ते हुए उसने अपने हाथों को फैला लिया और झाड़ियों की टहनियां तोड़ती गई। वह ऊपर चढ़ते हुए थोड़ी-थोड़ी दूरी पर चुपचाप मुट्ठी भर गिराती रही। उनके पीछे के संकरे मार्ग पर टहनियों के छोटे-छोटे ढेर लग गए थे।

अंत में वे शिखर पर पहुँच गए। थके हुए और मायूस नवयुवक ने धीरे से अपने बोझ को उतारा और चुपचाप अपने अंतिम कर्त्तव्य के लिए आराम भरे एक स्थान को तैयार करने लगा। उसने चीड़ के पेड़ की नुकीली पत्तियों को इकट्ठा करके एक मुलायम गद्दी बनाई और अपनी वृद्ध माता को उस पर बिठा दिया। उसने उसके नर्म कोट को उसके झुके कंधों के और अधिक निकट तक कर दिया और रोते हुए तथा दुःखी मन से अपनी माता से अलविदा कहा।

उसकी माँ ने कांपती आवाज़ तथा नि:स्वार्थ प्यार से उसे अंतिम निर्देश दिए। उसने कहा, “पुत्र अपनी आँखें बंद न होने देना । पर्वत का रास्ता खतरों से भरा हुआ है। ध्यानपूर्वक देखना और उस मार्ग पर चलना जहाँ तुम्हें टहनियों के ढेर दिखें। वे तुम्हें और नीचे जाने के परिचित मार्ग पर ले जाएंगे।” पुत्र ने हैरानी भरी नज़रों से पीछे मार्ग की ओर देखा और फिर अपनी लाचार वृद्ध माँ के थके-हारे हाथों को देखा जिनमें उसके प्यार भरे कार्य के कारण खरोंचें आई हुई थीं और जो मैले हो गए थे।

गवर्नर नवयुवक की बुद्धिमता पर खुश था और उसने उसकी भरपूर प्रशंसा की। परन्तु उसने यह जानने की माँग रखी कि उसने यह बुद्धिमता कहाँ से प्राप्त की। किसान चिल्लाया, “अरे मर गए !’ सच्चाई तो बतानी पड़ेगी !” पूरी तरह झुकते हुए उसने सारी कहानी कह सुनाई। शासक ने सुना और फिर खामोश होकर सोचने लगा। अंततः उसने अपना सिर उठाया। उसने गंभीरता से कहा, “शीनिंग (Shining) को नवयुवकों की ताकत से ज्यादा कुछ और चाहिए।”आह, मैं इतनी प्रसिद्ध कहावत कैसे भूल गया कि बुद्धिमता सफ़ेद बालों (उम्र) के साथ आती है।” उसी क्षण उसने क्रूर कानून को समाप्त कर दिया। उसे आभास हो गया कि बुढ़ापा जीवन का अनुभव है न कि निर्बलता।

Retranslation From English to Hindi

वहां पर एक निरंकुश नेता का शासन था। उनके पास भूमि का एक छोटा सा टुकड़ा था जिससे वे जीवनयापन करते थे। वे विनम्र, शांतिप्रिय तथा खुश थे।

1. It was governed by a deposite leader. —- वहां पर एक निरंकुश नेता का शासन था।
2. They owned a bit of land which supplied them with food. —- उनके पास भूमि का एक छोटा सा टुकड़ा था जिससे वे जीवनयापन करते थे।
3. They were humble, peaceful and happy. —- वे विनम्र, शांतिप्रिय तथा खुश थे।
4. The poor farmer loved his aged mother. —- ग़रीब किसान अपनी वृद्ध माँ से बहुत प्यार करता था।
5. However, he had to obey the order. —- फिर भी उसे आदेश का पालन करना था।
6. The road was long and steep. —- सड़क लम्बी और सीधी खड़ी थी।
7. They got lost and confused. —- वे उलझ गए और भटक गए।
8. He was about to abandon his dear mother. —- वह अपनी प्रिय माँ को त्यागने ही वाला था।
9. Her son did not know many paths of mountain.—- उसके पुत्र को पर्वत के बहुत से मार्गों की जानकारी नहीं थी।
10. The youth gently released his burden. —- नवयुवक ने धीरे से अपना बोझ उतारा
11. He wrapped her padded coat more closely. —- उसने उसके नर्म कोट को और अधिक निकट तक कर दिया।
12. The mountain road is full of dangers. —- पर्वत का रास्ता खतरों से भरा हुआ है।
13. The son hid his mother. —- पुत्र ने अपनी माँ को छिपा लिया।
14. The governor was pleased at the wit the youth. —- गवर्नर नवयुवक की बुद्धिमता पर खुश था।
15. Finally, he lifted his head. —- अंतत: उसने अपना सिर उठाया।
16. The cruel law was abolished.—- क्रूर कानून को समाप्त कर दिया गया।

English Guide for Class 8 PSEB Prose

Grooming of a Boy Question Answer Class 9 English Main Course Book Chapter 1 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class English Book Solutions English Main Course Book Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 9th English Main Course Book Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy Question Answers

Grooming of a Boy Class 9 Questions and Answers

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
All men are not just and true. Why is the author still hopeful ?
(सभी मनुष्य न्यायवान और सच्चे नहीं होते। लेखक फिर भी आशावान क्यों है ?)
Answer:
The author is hopeful because for every bad person, there is a good one also.
लेखक आशावान इसलिए है क्योंकि प्रत्येक बुरे मनुष्य के साथ-साथ वहां एक अच्छा आदमी भी है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Question 2.
What should Lincoln’s son be steered away from ?
(लिंकन के पुत्र को किस बात से दूर ले जाया जाना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
He should be steered away from envy.
उसे ईर्ष्या से दूर ले जाया जाना चाहिए।

Question 3.
What should one never sell ?
(व्यक्ति को क्या कभी नहीं बेचना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
One should never sell one’s heart and soul.
व्यक्ति को अपने हृदय और अपनी आत्मा को कभी नहीं बेचना चाहिए।

Question 4.
Why does Lincoln not want his son to be cuddled ?
(लिंकन क्यों नहीं चाहता कि उसके बेटे को ज्यादा छाती से लगाया जाए.?)
Answer:
According to Lincoln, one becomes tough only by passing through the difficulties of life. So that is why he doesn’t want his son to be cuddled.
लिंकन के अनुसार, कोई व्यक्ति जीवन की कठिनाइयों में से गुज़र कर ही कठोर बनता है। इसी कारण से वह नहीं चाहता कि उसके पुत्र को ज़्यादा छाती से लगा कर रखा जाए।

Question 5.
How can one gain sublime faith in mankind ?
(व्यक्ति मनुष्य-जाति में उत्कृष्ट विश्वास कैसे रख सकता है ?)
Answer:
It can be done by having sublime faith in oneself also.
ऐसा स्वयं में उत्कृष्ट विश्वास रखने से भी किया जा सकता है।

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Question 6.
What should one ponder about ?
(व्यक्ति को किस विषय में सोच-विचार करना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
One should ponder about the mystery of all the objects of nature.
व्यक्ति को प्रकृति के सभी पदार्थों के रहस्य के बारे में सोच-विचार करना चाहिए।

Question 7.
After listening to all the men, what should one do ?
(सभी लोगों को सुनने के पश्चात् व्यक्ति को क्या करना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
One should accept only that which is good and true.
व्यक्ति को केवल उन बातों को स्वीकार करना चाहिए जो अच्छी और सच्ची हों।

Question 8.
What should one beware of ?
(व्यक्ति को किससे बचना चाहिए ?)
Answer:
One should beware of the flatterers.
व्यक्ति को चापलूसों से बचना चाहिए।

Answer the following questions in your own words:

Question 1.
List the qualities which make a good human being.
(ऐसे गुणों की सूची बनाइए जो किसी व्यक्ति को अच्छा मानव बनाती हैं।)
Answer:
The following qualities make one a good human being : honesty, courage, patience, truthfulness, faith in oneself and faith in the goodness of mankind.
निम्नलिखित गुण व्यक्ति को एक अच्छा मानव बनाते हैं – ईमानदारी, साहस, धैर्य, सच्चाई, अपने ऊपर विश्वास तथा मानव-जाति की अच्छाई में विश्वास।

Question 2.
Make a list of the qualities you have in yourself.
(ऐसे गुणों की सूची बनाइए जो आप अपने में रखते हैं।)
Answer:
My motto of life is – ‘Do good, find good’. So I never think ill of others. I hate cruelty and dishonesty in any form.
मेरे जीवन का आदर्श उसूल है-‘कर भला, हो भला’। इसलिए मैं कभी दूसरों का बुरा नहीं सोचता हूं। मैं किसी भी रूप में निर्दयता और बेईमानी से घृणा करता हूं।

Tick (✓) the correct statements as found in the lesson text :

Question 1.
Lincoln’s son will learn that
a. all men are not just.
b. all men are not true.
Answer:
(a) ✓
(b) ✓

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Question 2.
He should be taught that
a. for every scoundrel there is a hero.
b. for every selfish politician there is a dedicated leader.
c. for every success there is a failure.
d. for every enemy there is a friend.
Answer:
(a) ✓
(b) ✓
(c) ✗
(d) ✓

Question 3.
He should have faith in–
a. everyone.
b. himself.
c. his own ideas.
d. mankind.
Answer:
(a) ✗
(b) ✓
(c) ✓
(d) ✓

Textual Vocabulary & Grammar

Match the words in column A with their meanings in column B :
Answer:
1. selfish — One who is interested in self only.
2. dedicated — One who performs his duty with devotion.
3. scoundrel — One who shows no moral conscience.
4. honourable — One who is respected by all.
5. impatient – One who has no patience.
6. cynic – One who believes that everyone is bad.
7. just — One who is reasonable and fair.

Fill in the blanks with adjective forms of the following words :

honour; courage; enjoy; wonder; faith; envy

1. Mr. Satish is an ………………. man; everyone in the town respects him.
2. Do not be jealous; be ………………
3. The dog is a ………………… animal.
4. Swimming through Palk Straits was a challenge for Mihir Sen, but he was ……………… enough to attempt it.
5. The sunset in the sea presented a ………. sight.
6. Our trip was really …………….. ; we had a lot of fun.
Answer:
1. honourable
2. envious
3. faithful
4. courageous
5. wonderful
6. enjoyable.

Fill in the blanks with the words given in the box :

education; educating; little; called; demanded; requested; amount; buy; cost.

There lived a man who was very rich. He was always worried about the ………. of his son. He ……………….. a philosopher and ……………… him to take upon himself the task of educating his son. The philosopher ………………. one hundred pieces of gold for this. The rich man was surprised at the ………….. demanded and said he could …… a slave for a far smaller amount. The philosopher replied he could get a slave free of ………………. by not …………. his son, for a man without ……………. is ………………. better than a slave.
Answer:
education
called
requested
demanded
amount
buy
cost
educating
education
little.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Fill in the blanks with the passive form of the verbs to complete the following sentences :

1. There is a thief in the house; the police ……… (inform)
2. It is getting dark; the light …….. (switch on)
3. The patient is getting worse; let the doctor ……. (call)
4. We are already getting late; this letter …….. today.
5. He is in trouble; he …….. to the doctor. (take)
Answer:
1. have been informed
2. must be switched on
3. be called
4. must be posted
5. must be taken.

Fill in the blanks with the articles

a, an, the :

1. ……. small tear becomes ….. big hole in ……. same way as ……. small illness grows into ……. big disease. …… good mother does not allow ………. tear that appears on her child’s shirt to grow big. She stitches it in time. Unnecessary labour is spared if it is done before it is too late.
Answer:
A, a, the, a; a; A, the.

2. Most of us have read ……. story of ……… hare and ……. tortoise. ……. steady worker makes his mark sooner than …….. one who works by fits and starts.
Answer:
the, a, a; A, the.

3. ……. apple ……. day keeps …… doctor away. But if ……. doctor is smart, he keeps ……. apple away from you.
Answer:
An, a, the; the, the.

Put proper punctuation marks in the following passage and use capital letters wherever necessary :

After the midday meal, it was suggested that we went for a picnic to another Maori village nearby called Whatarewarewa. “What a tongue- twister !” I could not help saying. “Oh ! we call it Whaka for short,” said my host.

Fill in the blanks with suitable prepositions :

1. Here is the book that you had asked ……
2. The emperor ruled ……… a vast empire.
3. The clock is lying ……. the table.
4. Act according ……. my instructions.
5. Don’t loiter ……. the street.
Answer:
1. for 2. over 3. on 4. to 5. in.

Pronunciation Practice

Note the different spellings for the same sound / i: / in the following words:
PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy 1

Thus one can notice that there is no one-to-one correspondence between sounds and spellings in English.
Spellings (orthographic representation), therefore, are not a proper guide to correct pronunciation of words.

Now, say these words aloud:

conceive – knee – feel – each – keep
police – ski – piece – siege – beat

Creative Writing and Extended Reading

(i) Have you read any of the letters written by Pandit Jawahar Lai Nehru to his daughter indira Gandhi? Do read at least one such letter, What does Nehru want to convey in this letter?

(ii) What type of a boy or girl would you like to become? Write ten sentences in the light of your study of this lesson.

(iii) As a citizen of the world, make a list of five things you would never do.

Use Of Textual Words / Phrases

1. Scoundrel – Some students are real scoundrels.
2. Dedicated – Mrs. Raman is a dedicated teacher.
3. Bully – He was a bully; he was asked to mend his ways or leave the school.
4. Lick – He was quite tough, but we did lick him without much effort.
5. Ponder – My father pondered over the problem, but could not find a solution.
6. Eternal – True love is eternal; it never dies.
7. Scoff at – He scoffed at our foolish answers.
8. Howl – Wolves were howling in the forest.
9. Cuddle – The child cuddled her doll to her chest.
10. Courage – The soldiers showed great courage in the battlefield.
11. Sublime – The food was absolutely sublime.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Objective Type Questions

Answer the following in one word / phrase / sentence :

Question 1.
Who is the writer of the letter on which the chapter, Grooming of a Boy’, is based ?
Answer.
Abraham Lincoln.

Question 2.
Who was the letter written to ?
Answer.
To the teacher of Abraham Lincoln’s son.

Question 3.
What does Lincoln want from his son ?
Answer.
He wants him to learn good things of life.

Question 4.
What does Lincoln tell his son about victory and defeat ?
Answer.
He tells him to take both in an honourable fashion.

Question 5.
What does Lincoln think about bullies ?
Answer.
He says that the bullies are the easiest to defeat.

Question 6.
What does he say about envy ?
Answer.
He advises his son to keep away from envy.

Question 7.
Does Lincoln think that the good qualities can be learned quickly ?
Answer.
No, he says that it will take its own reasonable time.

Question 8.
What does Lincoln say about the crowd ?
Answer.
He tells his son not to follow the crowd blindly.

Question 9.
What should the son do when he is sad ?
Answer.
He should laugh away his sadness.

Question 10.
How should the boy deal with cynics ?
Answer.
The son will do well to scoff at them.

Complete the following :

1. All men are not ……………….. and ……………
2. For every enemy, there is a …………
3. For every ………………., there is a hero.
4. A dollar …………………. is better than five found.
5. The bullies are the …………………. to defeat.
6. The son should have faith in ……………….. ideas.
Answer.
1. just, true
2. friend
3. scoundrel
4. earned
5. easiest
6. his own.

Write True or False against each statement :

1. The bullies are the most difficult to defeat.
2. Envy is to be kept away from.
3. For every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader.
4. It is much more honourable to cheat than to fail.
5. The boy should learn that there is no shame in honest tears.
6. The boy should be friends to those who speak very sweetly.
Answer.
1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. True
6. False.

Choose the correct option for each of the following:

Question 1.
Abraham Lincoln wrote the letter to ……
(a) his son
(b) his daughter
(c) his son’s teacher
(d) his friend.
Answer.
(c) his son’s teacher

Question 2.
Lincoln wants the teacher to teach his son to …….
(a) learn the ways of the world
(b) to cheat when necessary
(c) to speak sweetly
(d) to become a politician.
Answer.
(a) learn the ways of the world

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Question 3.
A dollar earned is better than five ….
(a) as pocket money
(b) as a prize
(c) found somewhere
(d) pounds.
Answer.
(c) found somewhere

Question 4.
There is no …………….. in honest tears.
(a) pride
(b) ego
(c) happiness
(d) shame.
Answer.
(d) shame.

Grooming of a Boy Summary in English

Grooming of a Boy Introduction:

This chapter is an extract from a letter. It was written by Abraham Lincoln to his son’s teacher. In this letter, Lincoln wants the teacher to instill some special qualities in his son. He lists those qualities in this letter. He wants the teacher to teach his son how to behave in different situations. He wants his son to be respectful to others. Lincoln wants that his son should grow into a wise, intelligent, brave and patient person. He wants that his son should be able to decide his own path instead of following the crowd.

Grooming of a Boy Summary in English:

This chapter is an extract from a letter. The letter was written by Abraham Lincoln to his son’s teacher. In this letter, Lincoln lists some of the things he wants the teacher to teach his son :

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy 2

The boy should be taught that all men are not just, and all men are not true. But it is also true that for every scoundrel, there is a hero. For every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader. For every enemy, there is a friend. He should learn that a dollar earned is of far more value than five found. He should learn to take his defeat as well as victory in an honourable fashion. He should keep away from envy.  He should learn the secret of soft laughter. He should learn that the bullies’ are the easiest to defeat.

He should learn about the wonderful world of books, but he should also find time to think about the beauties and mysteries of nature. He should learn that it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat. He should have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong. He should learn to be gentle with the gentle, and tough with the tough. He should not follow the crowd or the beaten path of success. He should have the strength to decide his own path. He should listen to all men, but should be able to sift the good from the bad. He should accept only what is good.

He should learn to laugh even when he is sad. He should learn that there is no shame in honest tears. He should learn to scoff at cynics and to beware of those who speak too sweetly. He should learn that he could charge the highest price for his body and mind, but he should never sell his heart and soul. He should not listen to the howling mob. If he thinks he is right, he should stand firmly and fight bravely.

He should always have sublime faith in himself because only then he can have sublime faith in mankind. He should have the courage to be impatient and the patience to be brave. At the end, Lincoln tells the teacher that he should treat his son gently, but he shouldn’t cuddle him. He says that only the test of fire makes fine steel. Lincoln calls his son a fine little fellow’. Lincoln knows that it is a big task for the teacher to make his son what he wants him to be. But he requests the teacher to do what he can in this respect.

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

Grooming of a Boy Summary in Hindi

Grooming of a Boy Introduction:

यह पत्र अब्राहम लिंकन ने अपने पुत्र के अध्यापक को लिखा था। इस पत्र में लिंकन कुछ विशेष गुणों का उल्लेख करता है जो वह चाहता है कि उसके पुत्र का अध्यापक लड़के में भर दे। वह चाहता है कि अध्यापक उसके पुत्र को विभिन्न परिस्थितियों में और विभिन्न व्यक्तियों के प्रति उपयुक्त व्यवहार करना सिखाए। लिंकन चाहता है कि उसका पुत्र बड़ा होकर बुद्धिमान, योग्य, वीर, धीर और पारखी व्यक्ति बने। वह चाहता है कि उसका पुत्र भीड़ के पीछे चलने की बजाय अपना रास्ता स्वयम् ही बनाए।

Grooming of a Boy Summary in Hindi:

पाठ का विस्तृत सार इस लेख में वह पत्र दिया गया है जो अब्राहम लिंकन ने अपने पुत्र के अध्यापक को लिखा था। इस पत्र में लिंकन उन कुछ बातों का उल्लेख करता है जो वह चाहता है कि अध्यापक ‘उसके पुत्र को सिखलाए

लड़के को यह सिखाया जाए कि सभी लोग न्यायवान् नहीं होते तथा सभी लोग सच्चे नहीं होते। किन्तु यह भी सत्य है कि प्रत्येक दुष्ट व्यक्ति के बदले एक सज्जन भी होता है, एक स्वार्थी राजनीतिज्ञ के बदले एक समर्पित नेता भी होता है, तथा एक शत्रु के बदले एक मित्र भी होता है। उसे यह सीखना चाहिए कि मेहनत से कमाए गए एक डॉलर की कीमत उन पाँच डॉलरों से कहीं अधिक होती है जो वैसे ही मिल गए हों। उसे अपनी हार तथा विजय दोनों को ही एक सम्मानपूर्ण ढंग से लेना सीखना चाहिए। उसे ईर्ष्या से दूर रहना चाहिए।

उसे कोमलतापूर्वक हँसने का रहस्य सीखना चाहिए। उसे सीखना चाहिए कि धौंसिया लोगों को हराना सबसे आसान होता है। उसे पुस्तकों के अद्भुत संसार के बारे में जानना चाहिए किन्तु उसे प्रकृति की सुन्दरताओं अथवा रहस्यों के बारे में सोचने का समय भी निकालना चाहिए।

उसे यह सीखना चाहिए कि धोखा देने की अपेक्षा हारना कहीं अधिक सम्मानपूर्ण होता है। उसे अपने विचारों में विश्वास रखना सीखना चाहिए यद्यपि हर कोई यह कह रहा हो कि उसके विचार गलत हैं।

Grooming of a Boy Translation in Hindi

(Page 1) Abraham Lincoln’s ……. he is right.

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. scoundrel – दुष्ट व्यक्ति ; 2. dedicated – वफ़ादार ; 3. steer – मार्गदर्शन करना ; 4. envy – ईर्ष्या ; 5. bullies – धौंसिया लोग ; 6. lick – हराना ; 7. ponder – ध्यानपूर्वक सोचना ; 8. eternal – अनन्त, शाश्वत ; 9. getting on the bandwagon – सफल होने की आशा में दूसरों के पीछेपीछे चल पड़ना ; 10. scoff – उपहास करना ; 11. cynics – मानव-द्वेषी ; 12. brawn – शक्तिशाली शरीर ; 13. howling – शोर मचाती हुई, चीखती-चिल्लाती हुई।

Text

[Abraham Lincoln’s son is at school. Lincoln writes a letter to his son’s teacher requesting him to mould the boy in such a way that he grows up to be a good human being. What are the qualities which make one a good human being ?]

The Letter

He will have to learn, I know, that all men are not just, all men are not true. But teach him also that for every scoundrel,’ there is a hero; that for every selfish politician, there is a dedicated leader. Teach him that for every enemy there is a friend. It will take time, I know; but teach him, if you can, that a dollar earned is of far more value than five found. Teach him to learn to lose and also to enjoy winning. Steer him away from envy; if you can, teach him the secret of quiet laughter.

Let him learn early that the bullies are the easiest to lick. Teach him, if you can, the wonder of books. But also give him quiet time to ponder the eternal mystery of birds in the sky, bees in the sun, and flowers on a green hillside.

In school, teach him it is far more honourable to fail than to cheat. Teach him to have faith in his own ideas, even if everyone tells him they are wrong. Teach him to be gende with the gende, and tough with the tough. ’

Try to give my son the strength not to follow the crowd when everyone is getting on the bandwagon. Teach him to listen to all men; but teach him also to filter all that he hears on a screen of truth, and take only the good that comes through. Teach him, if you can, how to laugh when he is sad. Teach him there is no shame in tears.

Teach him to scoff at cynics and to beware of too much sweetness. Teach him to sell his brawn and brain to the highest bidders, but never to put a price tag on his heart and soul. Teach him to close his ears to a howling mob and to stand and fight, if he thinks he is right

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

अनुवाद

[अब्राहम लिंकन का बेटा एक स्कूल में पढ़ता है। लिंकन अपने बेटे के अध्यापक को यह प्रार्थना करते हुए एक पत्र लिखता है कि वह उसके लड़के को ऐसे रूप में ढाल दे कि वह बड़ा होकर एक अच्छा इन्सान बने। वे कौन से गुण हैं जो मनुष्य को एक अच्छा इन्सान बनाते हैं|

पत्र

मैं जानता हूँ उसे यह जानना सीखना होगा, कि सभी लोग न्यायप्रिय नहीं होते, सभी लोग सच्चे नहीं होते। किन्तु उसे यह भी सिखाइए कि प्रत्येक दुष्ट के मुकाबले में एक सज्जन व्यक्ति भी होता है; कि प्रत्येक स्वार्थी राजनीतिज्ञ के बदले वहाँ एक समर्पित नेता भी होता है। उसे यह सिखाइए कि प्रत्येक शत्रु के मुकाबले में वहाँ एक मित्र भी होता है। मैं जानता हूँ कि ऐसा करने में समय लगेगा किन्तु यदि आप ऐसा कर सकें तो उसे यह सिखाइए कि अर्जित किए गए एक डॉलर की कीमत कहीं मिले हुए पाँच डॉलरों से कहीं अधिक होती है। उसे हारना सिखाइए और जीत में से आनन्द प्राप्त कर लेना भी। उसे ईर्ष्या से दूर ले जाइए; यदि आप ऐसा कर सकें तो उसे शान्तिपूर्ण हँसी का रहस्य सिखाइए।

उसे यह शुरू में ही सिखा दीजिए कि धौसिया लोगों को हराना सबसे आसान होता है। यदि आप ऐसा कर सकें, तो उसे सिखाइए कि पुस्तकों का संसार कितना अद्भुत होता है। किन्तु उसे आकाश में उड़ने वाले पक्षियों, सूर्य की रोशनी में चमकने वाली मधुमक्खियों तथा हरी-हरी पहाड़ियों की ढलानों पर उगे हुए फूलों के शाश्वत् रहस्य के बारे में सोचने के लिए भी शान्तिपूर्ण समय दीजिए।

स्कूल में उसे यह सिखाइए कि धोखा देने की बजाए फेल होना कहीं अधिक सम्मान की बात होती है। उसे अपने विचारों में भरोसा रखना सिखाइए, यद्यपि उसे हर कोई यह कह रहा हो कि वे (विचार) गलत हैं। उसे विनम्र लोगों के प्रति विनम्र और कठोर लोगों के प्रति कठोर बनना सिखाइए। मेरे पुत्र को यह शक्ति देने का यत्न कीजिए कि वह भीड़ के पीछे न चले जब हर कोई सफलता की गाड़ी पर चढ़ने की कोशिश कर रहा हो। उसे सभी लोगों की बात सुनना सिखाइए; किन्तु उसे यह भी सिखाएं कि वह अपने द्वारा सुनी गई सब बातों को सत्य-रूपी छलनी में से छानकर देखे तथा उसमें से जो अच्छाई निकल कर आए, केवल उसे ही ग्रहण करे।

यदि आप ऐसा कर सकें, तो उसे यह सिखाइए कि कैसे हँसा जाता है जब वह उदास हो। उसे सिखाइए कि आँसुओं में कोई लज्जा वाली बात नहीं होती है। उसे मानव-द्वेषियों की खिल्ली उड़ाना तथा अत्यन्त मीठे लोगों से बचकर रहना सिखाइए। उसे कहिए कि अपना दिमाग और बाहुबल सबसे ऊंची बोली लगाने वालों को बेचे, किन्तु अपने दिल और आत्मा की कभी कोई कीमत न रखे। उसे चीखने-चिल्लाने वाली भीड़ के प्रति अपने कान बन्द रखना सिखाइए तथा खड़े रहकर मुकाबला करना सिखाइए, यदि वह यह समझे कि वह न्याय के रास्ते पर है।

(Page 2) Treat him gently… ………. my son !

कठिन शब्दार्थ-1. cuddle – गले लगाना ; 2. courage – साहस ; 3. impatient – अधीर, व्यग्र ; 4. sublime – उत्तम ; 5. order – मांग।

Treat him gently, but do not cuddle him, because only the test of fire makes fine steel. Let him have the courage to be impatient; let him have the patience to be brave. Teach him always to have sublime faith in himself, because then he will always have sublime faith in mankind. This is a big order, but see what you can do. He is such a fine little fellow, my son !

PSEB 9th Class English Main Course Book Solutions Chapter 1 Grooming of a Boy

अनुवाद
उसके साथ कोमलतापूर्वक व्यवहार कीजिए परन्तु उसे ज्यादा छाती से लगाकर मत रखिए क्योंकि केवल | आग में से गुजरने से ही बढ़िया फौलाद बनता है। उसे अधीर बने रहने का साहस दीजिए; उसे वीर बने रहने का धैर्य दीजिए। उसे यह सिखाइए कि स्वयं | में सदा उत्कृष्ट विश्वास रखे क्योंकि तब वह मानव जाति में सदा उत्कृष्ट विश्वास रखेगा।, यह एक बहुत ऊँची माँग है किन्तु आप देख लें कि आप इस सम्बन्ध में क्या कर सकते हैं। वह एक कितना बढ़िया छोटा-सा बालक है, मेरा पुत्र !

English Main Course Book Class 9 Solutions PSEB Prose

We Who Love Books Question Answer Class 8 English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 PSEB Solutions

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class English Book Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

Class 8th English Solutions Poem Chapter 3 We Who Love Books Question Answers

We Who Love Books Class 8 Questions and Answers

Learning New Words

Activity 1.

Look up the following words in a dictionary. You should seek the following information about the words and put them in your WORDS notebook.

1. Meaning of the word as used in the poem (adjective/noun/verb. etc.)
2. Pronunciation (The teacher may refer to the dictionary or a mobile phone for correct pronunciation.)
3. Spellings. familiar timeless.

familiar timeless refrain
verse companions nourish

Activity 2.

Pick up the rhyming words from the poem and make a list.
Answer:
(a) away — stay
(b) down — gone
(c) again — refrain
(d) me — be/free

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Activity 3.

Match the words with their correct synonyms.

S.No. Word Synonym
1. moment nutrition
2. modern high
3. clever time
4. upset intelligent
5. nourishment new
6. wealthy lift
7. garbage big
8. infant story
9. tall old
10. large unhappy
11. companion bowl
12. secure friend
13. thief known
14. dish trash
15. ancient burglar
16. timeless rich
17. familiar safe
18.  raise permanent
19. tale baby
20. joy happiness

Answer:
1. moment – time
2. modren – new
3. clever – intelligent
4. upset – unhappy
5. nourishment – nutrition
6. wealthy – rich
7. garbage – trash
8. infant – baby
9. tall – high
10. large – big
11. companion – friend
12. secure – safe
13. thief – burglar
14. dish – bowl
15. ancient – old
16. timeless – permanent
17. familiar – known
18. raise – lift
19. tale – story
20. joy – happiness.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Learning to Read and Comprehend

Activity 4.

Read the following stanzas and answer the questions.

A. Some books I’ll never give away.
Though old and worn, their binding torn,
Upon my shelves they’ll always stay,
Alive, still read, still fresh each dawn,
Their magic moments never gone.

(a) Name the poem and the poet.
Answer:
The name of the poem is ‘We Who Love Books and that of the poet is Ruskin Bond.

(b) The poet doesn’t want to part with some books. Where does he keep them?
Answer:
The poet keeps them on his shelves.

(c) What is the condition of the books ?
Answer:
They are old and worn. Their binding is torn.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

B. Familiar friends, these timeless tales
Have been with me since I was ten,
And as I turn their pages once again
I feel and love their old refrain.

(a) The poet calls his books ‘familiar friends”. Why does he call them ‘familiar’ ?
Answer:
The poet calls his books ‘familiar friends’ because they have been his friends since he was ten.

(b) What do you understand by the phrase ‘timeless tales’ ?
Answer:
‘Timeless tales’ means untouched by time. They are as fresh today as they  were years ago.

(c) How does the poet feel when he touches and feels the pages of his books ?
Answer:
The poet’s love for their old refrains.

C. Great verse, great thoughts, still stand the test
Of time that’s passing by so fast.
These good companions never fail
To give me joy, to nourish me.
We who love books will always be
The lucky ones’ our minds set free.

(a) According to the poet, what still stand the test of time ?
Answer:
According to the poet great verse and great thoughts still stand the test of time.

(b) What do you think the poet will always get from his good companions ?
Answer:
The poet will always get joy and nourishment from his good friends.

(c) Who according to the poet will always be the lucky ones ?
Answer:
According to the poet, those who love books will always be lucky ones.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Activity 5.
Books have been described using many names and adjectives. In the given table, list all the names and adjectives used by the poet to describe books.
Answer:

Nouns used for books Adjectives used for describing books
binding some
friends old
tales worn
refrains torn
verse fresh, alive, familiar
companions timeless, great, good

Learning Language

Tenses Tense is the form of a verb used to show the time of an action or a state. The three main tenses are :

  • the Present tense
  • the Past tense
  • the Future tense

Look at the following sentences :

1. I go to school everyday.
2. I went to school yesterday.
3. I shall go to school tomorrow.

  • In sentence 1, the verb ‘go’ refers to the present time and is therefore said to be in the present tense.
  • In sentence 2, the verb ‘went’ refers to an action that happened in the past time and is therefore said to be in the past tense.
  • In sentence 3, the word ‘shall go’ refers to the future time and is therefore said to be in the future tense.

1. Present Tense
Read the following sentences.

  • I help my mother every day.
  • I am helping my mother.
  • I have helped my mother.
  • I have been helping my mother since morning.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

All the four sentences above refer to the present time and therefore are all in the Present Tense. But there is a distinction in the ways in which the action is taking place.

In Sentence 1, the action is mentioned simply. There is no reference to the completeness or incompleteness of the action. The verb ‘help’ is therefore said to be in the Simple Present Tense or the Present Indefinite Tense.

In Sentence 2, the action mentioned is incomplete. It is still going on. The verb ‘am helping’ is said to be in the Present Continuous Tense.

In Sentence 3, the action is mentioned as finished, complete or perfect. The verb ‘have helped’ is said to be in the Present Perfect Tense.

In Sentence 4, the action is mentioned as having been going on continuously but not completed at the present moment.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

The verb ‘have been helping’ is said to be in the Present Perfect Continuous tense. So, the present tense has four forms :

  • Simple Present, or Present Indefinite
  • Present Continuous or Present Progressive
  • Present Perfect
  • Present Perfect Continuous

2. Past Tense
Just as the present tense has four forms, the past tense also has the following four forms :

1. I helped my mother yesterday. (Simple Past or Past Indefinite)
2. I was helping my mother. (Past Continuous or Past Progressive)
3. I had helped my mother. (Past Perfect)
4. I had been helping my mother. (Past Perfect Continuous)

3. Future Tense
Similarly, the future tense has the following four forms :

1. I shall call. (Simple Future or Future Indefinite)
2. I shall be calling. (Future Continuous or Future Progressive)
3. I shall have called. (Future Perfect)
4. I shall have been calling. (Future Perfect Continuous)

Look at the following chart for understanding forms of Tenses :

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 1

Continuous Present Indefinite (Simple Present)

1. to express what is actually taking place now, for example :

  • Here comes the bride.
  • There goes the bus.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

2. to express a habitual action, for example :

  • He gets up early in the morning.
  • He takes exercise everyday.
  • I go to school by bus.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 2

3. to express some universal truth, for example :

  • The earth moves round the sun.
  • The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.
  • The soul is immortal.

4. to express a situation or a fact that is permanent, for example :

  • My house faces the east.
  • This road runs from Ludhiana to Delhi.

5. to express a future action, when the futurity is indicated by them, for example :

  • The college reopens next week.
  • We leave by the 8.30 a.m. train.

Look at the tables below to understand how the present tense works.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 3
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 5

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

When we talk about singular subjects, we add-s/es to the verb. For example ‘he’, ‘she’ ‘iť and other singular subjects such as ‘this toy’, ‘the table etc.
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 4
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 6

More examples :
(a) He drives to work.
(b) She works in an office.
(c) The bank opens at 9:00 a.m.
We do not use ‘be’ verb with the main verb in the simple present tense.
For example :
He works at a bank. (Correct)
He is work at a bank. (Incorrect)

Activity 6.

Underline the correct form of the verb to complete each sentence.
1. Priya love/loves her work.
2. He study/studies agriculture.
3. A salesperson sell/sells products for a company.
4. Sunita work/works in a bank.
5. Nurses help/helps people.
6. We write/writes English books.
7. Your office close/closes at 5:00 p.m.
8. She teach/teaches in a school.
9. I walk/walks to work everyday.
10. I start/starts work at 8:00 a.m. every morning.
Answer:
1. loves
2. studies
3. sells
4. works
5. help
6. write
7. closes
8. teaches
9. walk
10. start.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Present Continuous

It is used to express an action going on at the time of speaking. It is often associated with adverbs and adverb phrases, of present time, such as ‘now’, ‘at present, ‘at this moment’, etc.
For example :

  • What are you doing now?
  • Mohan is singing a song now.

This tense is sometimes used to mark an action that will happen in the future. For example :

  • We are leaving for London tomorrow.
  • She’s coming to meet me next week.

Activity 7.

Fill in the blanks with the correct form of the verb, Present Continuous or Present Simple.

1. I ……………… (not/belong) to Delhi.
2. Hurry! The bus …………….. (come).
3. Seema is a vegetarian. She ……………. (not/eat) meat
4. I ……………. (look) for a maid.
5. Jayati ……………. (eat) oranges.
6. At the moment, we ……………. (make) a video of the party.
7. I ……………… (know) what Mr Sharma wants to buy.
8. I …………….. (apply) for a job in a school but I don’t know if I will be successful.
9. Vanita ……………. (do) some research in the library.
10. She always ……………… (remember) my birthday.
11. Mr Brown …………… (work) in a supermarket.
12. Look! It ……………. (snow).
13. Do you …………… (know) Helen?
14. Look! That woman ……………. (try) to steal that man’s wallet.
15. The Ganges ……………. (flow) into the Bay of Bengal.
Answer:
1. do not belong
2. is coming
3. does not eat
4. am looking
5. eats
6. are making
7. know
8. am applying
9. is doing
10. remembers
11. works
12. is snowing
13. know
14. is trying
15. flows.

Present Perfect

This tense is used :

1. to express an action that has just been completed, for example :

  • The sun has set.
  • We have just arrived.

2. to express a past action the results of which still continue, for example:

  • I have lived in Mumbai for ten years. (the speaker is still living in Mumbai)
  • We have known each other for the past two years.

3. to express a Future Perfect when such words as ‘when’, ‘before’, ‘as soon as’, ’till, ‘after are used before it, for example :

  • I shall go there after I have done my work. (as soon as I finish my work)

Present Perfect Continuous

It shows the action that began in the past and is continuing up to the present time, for example :

  • I have been standing here for two hours.
  • It has been raining since morning.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Note : In the Present Perfect Continuous tense, ‘since’ and ‘for are used to indicate point of time and period of time respectively, for example :

  • We have been living here since 1955.
  • Meena has been dancing since morning.
  • The girls have been playing for three hours.
  • It has been snowing for two hours.

Activity 8.

Fill in the blanks with the Present Perfect or Present Perfect Continuous forms of the verbs given in the brackets.

(a) Someone …………… the window. (break).
(b) Reeta …………….. her pen. (lose)
(c) We ……………. many medals. (win)
(d) I …………… for a house for two months. (search)
(e) The train ………….. just …………… at the platform. (arrive)
(f) ……………. he …………….. a beard ? (grow)
(g) …………….. you …………….. the Gita ? (read)
(h) I …………….. my uncle for months. (not visit)
(i) She …………….. to Paris twice. (be)
(j) We ……………. already …………. Our breakfast. (have)
Answer:
(a) has broken
(b) has lost
(c) have won
(d) have been searching
(e) has arrived
(f) Has, grown
(g) Have, read
(h) have not visited
(i) has been
(j) have, had.

Learning to Listen (Pairwork)

Activity 9.

Your teacher will tell you a story. Listen to it carefully and fill in the blanks with the words from the story. For the last paragraph, you will write all the words. The teacher will read the passage twice and the last part of the story will be read three times. Once upon a time, there was a shepherd who bought a …………. of sheep. He also had ……… who helped him to …………… his sheep. When the sheep grew up a little, the ………4…. realised that these sheep just …………….. not stop bleating. All day long, the sheep bleated-”Baaah baaah.” What a deafening sound they made; and they just ignored the ……………. commands. He used all the ……………. he could to get the sheep to listen to him and to his dog, but the …………….. didn’t care. Finally, seeing as the sheep wouldn’t stop …………….. the shepherd decided to at least have some ……10……. with it. He bought an enormous ear and transported it out to his fields on the ……..11….. of his wagon.
Answer:
1. flock
2. dog
3. control
4. shepherd
5. would
6. shepherd’s
7. means
8. sheep
9. bleating
10. fun
11. back

Learning to Speak (Pairwork)

Activity 10.

Take a currency note of any value. Describe the currency note to your partner. You must talk about various things that are there on the note and their colour, size, number, location
(where on the note) etc.
Answer:
Your partner will write/draw all the items that you describe on the currency note. You will take turns in describing. The teacher will look at the notes made by your partner to check whether the description matches with the drawing/writing.

Currency Note : ₹500

  • Issued By : Reserve Bank of India
  • Guaranteed by : The Central Government
  • Colour : Stone grey
  • Number : 3 NC 7…… 7
  • Size : 63 mm x 150 mm
  • Shape : Rectangular

Special feature (Design Elements)

  • Picture of Mahatma Gandhi
  • Picture of Red Fort (Historical Building)
  • Picture of National Emblem
  • Symbol of Swachh Bharat

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Learning to write (Pairwork)

Activity 11.

Look at the picture below. The pictures are in a sequence. Work together and write a short story based on the pictures.
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 10
It was winter. The days were snowy. There was a thick sheet of snow on the earth. Trees was bare. Birds got no shelter, no food. Little Minni and her father came to their help. They took some cardboard and gum. They made a small hut for the birds. They put some food grains in it also. Now the little birds were happy.

Learning to Use the Language (Pairwork)

Read the following poster very carefully.
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 11

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Activity 12.

Write the dialogue using the hints given in the poster on page

Partner 1 : Engage in a dialogue with your friend to invite him/her over to your home for dinner.
Partner 2 : Decline the invitation after asking questions about the day, time, occasion, etc.
Partner 1 : Hi Ramesh ! You are back to India. I am going to arrange a dinner party tonight. Would you like to come over for that ?
Partner 2 : What is the time? Where are you going to arrange it ? Is this some special occasion ?
Partner 1 : Tonight at 9 p.m. at hotel Sun. Forgot ! It is my birthday today.
Partner 2 : I’d love to come. But I’m afraid I am busy tonight.

Comprehension Of Stanzas

Read the following stanza (extract) and answer the questions given below each :

1. Some books I’ll never give away,
Though old and worn, their binding torn,
Upon my shelves they’ll always stay,
Alive, still read, still fresh each dawn,
Their magic moments never gone.

1. What shows the poet’s love for books ?
क्या बात पुस्तकों के प्रति कवि के प्रेम को व्यक्त करती है ?

2. What do the words ‘Their magic moments’ suggest ?
“Their Magic Moments” शब्द क्या सुझाव देते है?

3. Write in three or four sentences, the central idea of the poem.
तीन या चार पंक्तियों में कविता का केंद्रीय भाव लिखें।
Answer:
1. Some of the poet’s books are old and torn. Still he enjoys reading them everyday.
He keeps them on his shelves.
2. “Their magic moments’ means time for the poet to read his books. He reads them every morning.
3. Read C- ‘Central Idea of the poem.

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

नोट : अन्य Comprehension Stanzas के लिए Textual Exercises में दिए गए Comprehension का अध्ययन करें।

Word Meanings
PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books 9

We Who Love Books Poem Summary in English

We Who Love Books Summary in English

Books have timeless value. They never become old. They are as fresh today as they were long ago. They are a big source of joy and information. The poet has great love for books. He loves reading books since he was ten. He keeps them on his shelves. Though the binding of some books is torn yet he never parts with them. He still reads them with the same interest. He calls them familiar and good friends.The poet says that great thoughts and great verse never lose their charm. They always stand the test of time. Lucky are those who love books.

We Who Love Books Summary in Hindi

पुस्तकों के महत्त्व की कोई समय सीमा नहीं होती। वे आज भी उतनी ही ताज़ा लगती हैं, जितनी वे बहुत समय पहले थीं। वे खुशी तथा जानकारी का बहुत बड़ा साधन हैं। कवि को पुस्तकों से बहुत अधिक प्रेम है। उसे दस साल की आयु से पुस्तकें पढ़ने से प्रेम है। वह उन्हें अपनी शेल्वज़ पर रखता है। यद्यपि उनमें से कुछ पुस्तकों की सिलाई खुल चुकी है, तो भी वह उन्हें वहां से कभी नहीं हटाता। वह अब भी उन्हें पूरी रुचि के साथ पढ़ता है। वह उन्हें जाने-पहचाने और अच्छे मित्र कह कर बुलाता है। कवि कहता है कि महान् विचारों तथा महान् काव्यांश का आकर्षण कभी समाप्त नहीं होता। वे समय की कसौटी पर खरे उतरते हैं। वे लोग भाग्यशाली हैं, जिन्हें पुस्तकों से प्रेम है।

PSEB 8th Class English Solutions Poem 3 We Who Love Books

Central Idea Of The Poem

The poem brings out the pleasure of reading. Love for books is a great blessing. It is a joy for ever. The books have everlasting value. The great thoughts of books are always fresh and stand the test of time. Therefore lucky are those who love books and enjoy books.

Class 8 PSEB Solutions Poetry