Class 6

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science Civics Chapter 21 Urban Development – Local Self Government

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Rural Development and Local Self Government Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
Write a short note on urban development after Independence.
Answer:
After India’s Independence in 1947, urban areas in the country were developed at a fast pace, due to an increase in population. There was a shortage of agricultural land due to the increase in population in rural areas. Consequently, the villagers began to move cities for seeking employment. Besides, the lack of amenities like education and health also compelled the village people to go to urban areas. Modern means of transport and communication have also acted as a bridge between villages and cities. As a result, the village population in India has come down from 90% to 75%.

Due to the fast increasing population in urban areas, cities require more houses, much electricity, much clean drinking water, more means of transport, cleanliness, and disposal of garbage. So special attention is paid to urban development. This is the reason why there is an increase in the number of urban local institutions, viz., Nagar Panchayats, Municipal Committees and Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 2.
Name the urban Local Self-Institutions.
Answer:
There are three urban local self-institutions.

They are :

  • Nagar Panchayat,
  • Municipal Committee (Council)
  • Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Why is city divided into wards on the basis of population?
Answer:
Number of members of urban local institutions is fixed on the basis of population. Therefore, the whole city is divided, on the basis of almost equal population, into wards and one member is elected from each ward.

Question 4.
What age is required for the candidate to be a councillor?
Answer:
The age of 21 years is required for the candidate to be a councillor.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 5.
What is town’s Local Self-Institution known as?
Answer:
Local self-institution in a town is known as Nagar Panchayat or Nagar Council.

Question 6.
Name four officials of Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Four officials of Municipal Corporation are Commissioner, Health Officer, Education Officer and Chief Engineer.

Question 5.
Name any two sources of income of (urban) Local Self-Government.
Answer:
Taxes, fees, government grants and loans are the four sources of income of (urban) local self-government.

Question 6.
What are your duties towards city Local Self-Government?
Answer:
Our duties towards city local self-government are as follows:

  • We should help the local self-government of our city in its functioning.
  • We should make a proper use of the facilities like electricity and drinking water, provided by it.
  • We should help it in keeping the city clean. We should not spread rubbish in the city.
  • We should keep the environment neat and clean and also protect it.

Question 7.
Give two functions of Municipal Cpuncil or Corporation.
Answer:
The following are two functions of Municipal Council or Corporation :
1. Compulsory Functions.

  • It sets up local hospitals and dispensaries.
  • It immunizes.children against smallpox, polio, tuberculosis, cholera, diptheria, etc.
  • It takes care of sanitation and cleanliness of the city. It maintains sewage system and removes rubbish and garbage.
  • It provides good roads and streets in its area and maintains them in good condition.
  • It provides primary schools and opens libraries, reading rooms, museums and adult education centres, etc.
  • It provides safety against fire.

2. Optional Functions:

  • It develops parks, gardens and playgrounds, etc.
  • It provides cheap and efficient bus service.
  • It maintains rest houses, children homes and senior citizen homes, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 8.
Give two functions of District Administration.
Answer:
Two functions of District Administration are given below :

  1. It maintains law and order in the district with help of the police.
  2. It maintains all the land records in the district and collects land revenue from the farmers.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Nagar Panchayat is set in a _______
Answer:
town

Question 2.
Urban local self-government functions are looked after by _______
Answer:
the State Government

Question 3.
To be a councillor, the candidate should be of _______ years of age.
Answer:
21, 18

Question 4.
In each district, there are _______ types of courts.
Answer:
two

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 5.
An area changing from village to town is known as _______
Answer:
transitional area.

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
A foreigner can cast his vote in the election of Municipal Corporation of your city.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
There are 9 Municipal Corporations in Punjab.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The President of the Municipal Corporation is known as Mayor in Punjab.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The voter should be of 17 years for the election of local government.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Deputy Commissioner is the Chief Government official of the District Administration.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 6.
There ard district level officials of various departments to run the District Administration.
Answer:
True

IV. Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Which is the primary unit of local urban self¬government?
(a) Nagar Nigam
(b) Village Panchayat
(c) Nagar Panchayat.
Answer:
(c) Nagar Panchayat.

Question 2.
Which name is given to the head of a Municipal Corporation (Nagar Nigam)?
(a) Pradhan
(b) Mayor
(c) Sarpanch.
Answer:
(b) Mayor.

Question 3.
Who is the executive officer of Municipal Corporation?
(a) Superintendent
(b) Deputy Commissioner
(c) Commissioner.
Answer:
(c) Commissioner.

Question 4.
Which of the following cities does not have Municipal Corporation?
(a) Amritsar
(b) Patiala
(c) Ropar
(d) Ludhiana
(e) Bathinda
(f) Jalandhar
Answer:
(c) Ropar.

Question 5.
Which is the highest administrative officer of a district?
(a) D.E.O
(b) Police Commissioner
(c) D.P.R.O.
(d) Deputy Commissioner.
Answer:
(d) Deputy Commissioner.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 6.
In big cities where the road is overcrowded, to reduce its crowd a road is built up over it. Which name is given to this over built up road?
(a) cycle rickshaw track
(b) underground subway
(c) link road
(d) fly over.
Answer:
(d) fly over.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Urban Development – Local Self Government Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of these is a part of Local Self-government for urban areas?
(A) Nagar Panchayat
(B) Municipalities
(C) Municipal Corporation
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 2.
Municipal Councils are generally set up in those cities whose population is more than
(A) 5,000
(B) 20,000
(C) 50,000
(D) 1,00,000.
Answer:
(B) 20,000.

Question 3.
_______ are established in big cities.
(A) Municipal Councils
(B) Zila Parishads
(C) Nagar Panchayats
(D) Municipal Corporations.
Answer:
(D) Municipal Corporations.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 4.
Elected representative of award is known as
(A) M.L.A.
(B) M.P.
(C) Ward Councillor
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(C) Ward Councillor.

Question 5.
Which of these is the function of Municipal Corporation?
(A) Supply of water
(B) Scavenging and removal of waste
(C) Supply of electricity
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 6.
Which of these is the source of income for Municipal Corporation?
(A) Property tax
(B) Water and other services tax
(C) Entertainment tax
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 7.
Who listens to the problems of local level?
(A) M.L.A.
(B) Ward Councillor
(C) M.P.
(D) D.C.
Answer:
(B) Ward Councillor.

Question 8.
Which of these cities have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Delhi
(B) Mumbai
(C) Kolkata
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 9.
Which of these cities don’t have Municipal Corporation?
(A) Chandigarh
(B) Chennai
(C) Meerut
(D) Lucknow.
Answer:
(C) Meerut.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who presides over the meetings of the Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
Mayor.

Question 2.
Who is Municipal Commissioner?
Answer:
Municipal Commissioner is a senior government employee who looks after the works of Municipal Corporation.

Question 3.
Give one point of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
A Municipal Committee is formed in a small city, while a Municipal Corporation is formed in a big city.

Question 4.
How is the number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation determined?
Answer:
The number of members in a Nagar Panchayat or Municipal Committee or Municipal Corporation is determined on the basis of population of the city.

Question 5.
How is the Mayor elected?
Answer:
The Mayor is elected by the members of Municipal Corporation amongst themselves.

Question 6.
What is the major function of the District Administration?
Answer:
The major function of the District Administration is to maintain law and order in the district.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 7.
Under whose charge are the health services in the district?
Answer:
The health services in the district are under the charge of the District Civil Surgeon.

Question 8.
Which is the Highest court in the district?
Answer:
The highest court in the district is the Court of the Sessions Judge.

Question 9.
Who is the highest police officer in the district?
Answer:
The highest police officer in the district is the Police Commissoner.

Question 10.
What are the main types of litigations?
Answer:
There are two types of litigations. These are civil litigations and criminal litigations.

Question 11.
When and where was the first Municipal Corporation established in India?
Answer:
In India, the first Municipal Corporation was established in 1987 A.D. in Chennai.

Question 12.
What are two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats?
Answer:
Two sources of income of Nagar Panchayats are :

  1. Grants from the State Government.
  2. Income from taxes like house tax, building tax, sales tax and vehicle tax, etc.

Question 13.
Name the cities of Punjab where Municipal Corporations are working.
Answer:
Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, Patiala and Bathinda.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 14.
How many Municipal Corporations are there in India?
Answer:
There are nearly 125 Municipal Corporations in India.

Question 15.
Into how many districts has Punjab been divided?
Answer:
Punjab has been divided into 20 districts.

Question 16.
Name the three levels at which the District Administration works.
Answer:

  1. District level,
  2. Tehsil/Block level,
  3. City/Town/Village level.

Question 17.
What is meant by Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The local self-government which is formed in a town with a population of not more than 20,000 is known as Nagar Panchayat.

Question 18.
What is Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
It is the highest institution of urban local self-government and is established in a large city with population in lacs.

Question 19.
Who is a Councillor?
Answer:
Councillor a member of Municipal Council, Committee or a Corporation. He is elected at local level.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which are the local bodies working in urban areas?
Answer:
Nagar Panchayat, Municipal Committee (Council) and Municipal Corporation are the local bodies working in urban areas.

  • Nagar Panch&yat: It works in a town where the population is not more than 20,000.
  • Municipal Committee (Council): It works in a city where the population is between 20,000 and one lac.
  • Municipal Corporation: It works in a city with a population of over one lac.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 2.
How is a Nagar Panchayat constituted?
Answer:
The whole town is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Every Nagar Panchayat has a President and a Vice-President. The President is elected directly by the people. The members nominate some experienced persons, called Aldermen. The Chief Administrative Officer of a Nagar Panchayat is the Chief Municipal Officer.

Question 3.
What are the main functions of a Nagar Panchayat?
Answer:
The main functions of a Nagar Panchayat are as follows :

  • To prepare plans for the changing face of a village into a town.
  • To beautify the town and to give approval to improve the old houses.
  • To provide civic amenities like safe drinking water and electricity.
  • To construct and maintain roads and to provide parks, playgrounds and dispensaries.
  • To plant new trees to maintain and improve the environment.

Question 4.
How is a Municipal Committee (Council) formed?
Answer:
The members of a Municipal Committee (Council) are elected by the people of the city. The number of these members depends upon the population of the city. This number usually varies from 9 to 29. For the purpose of election, the city is divided into wards and one member is elected from each ward. Some seats are reserved for scheduled castes, scheduled tribes and women. Some other experienced members, known as Aldermen, are elected by the elected representatives of the Municipal Committee. Elected members of Lok Sabha, Rajya Sabha and State Legislative Assembly are also members of the Municipal Committee. A President and a Vice-President are elected by the elected members from amongst themselves.

Question 5.
Discuss the composition of a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
Members of a Municipal Corporation are elected by the voters. The city is divided into wards and one member (councillor) is elected from each ward. Number of councillors is fixed on the basis of the population of the city. Members of State Legislative Assembly, Lok Sabha and Rajya Sabha of that area are also members of Municipal Corporation. The councillors elect a Mayor and a Deputy Mayor from amongst themselves. The term of Municipal Corporation is five years.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 21 Urban Development - Local Self Government

Question 6.
Give the sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:
The main sources of income of a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation are as follows :

  • Taxes such as house tax, property tax, and entertainment tax.
  • Fees and fines from rickshaws and fees from approval of house plans, etc.
  • Loans and grants from the government.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation?
Answer:
The following are the main points of difference between a Municipal Committee and a Municipal Corporation:
1. A Municipal Committee is the local self-government of a small city. It is established in a city having a population of between twenty thousand and one lac.
A Municipal Corporation, on the other hand, is set up in a big city. It is formed in a city, the population of which is over one lac.

2. A Municipal Committee is less powerful as compared to a Municipal Corporation. A Municipal Corporation is the highest and most powerful institution of urban local self-government.

3. In Punjab, the number of elected members of a Municipal Committee is fixed at 9 to 29, whereas the number of elected members of a Municipal Corporation varies between 40 and 50.

Question 2.
What are the various functions performed by District Administration?
Answer:
District Administration performs various types of functions at the district level. Several officers have been appointed in different government departments at the district level. All the officers assist Deputy Commissioner in performing the district-level functions.

The various functions performed by District Administration are as follows:
1. To maintain Law and Order: District Administration maintains law and order in the district. There are a Commissioner of Police, a Deputy Commissioner of Police, and Inspectors of Police to help the District Administration in this task.

2. Functions relating to Land Revenue: District Administration maintains all the land records and collects land revenue from the farmers.

3. Developmental Functions: All the developmental works in the district are carried out under the supervision of the Deputy Commissioner. Civic amenities such as health facilities, means of transport, education, maintenance of government buildings and roads are looked after by various departments.

4. Judicial Administration: There is a separate judicial administration in every district. The two kinds of litigation are dealt with by the two kinds of courts. Civil courts deal with matters relating to property and money, whereas criminal courts deal with cases like theft, murder, and criminal assault.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Electricity and Circuits Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 124)

Question 1.
The part of the bulb which produces light is called ……………….
Answer:
The part of the bulb which produces light is called a filament.

Question 2.
The electric bulb has ……………. terminals.
Answer:
The electric bulb has two terminals.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 128)

Question 1.
What is the function of electric switch ?
Answer:
The function of electric switch is to make (complete) or break the flow of current in the circuit.

Question 2.
In an electric circuit the circuit breaks when switch is in position.
Answer:
In an electric circuit the circuit breaks when switch is OFF in position.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Electricity and Circuits Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) A device that is used to break or make an electric circuit is called …………….
Answer:
switch

(b) An electric bulb glows when …………… flows through it.
Answer:
current

(c) ……………… are the materials through which electric current can pass.
Answer:
Conductors

(d) Current cannot pass through ……………..
Answer:
Insulators

2. Write True or False:

(a) Electric current can flow through metals.
Answer:
True

(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
Answer:
False

(c) Electric current can pass through a pencil lead.
Answer:
True

(d) When chemicals in dry cell are used up, it stops working.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

(e) Led based lamps are eco-friendly.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 1
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 2

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Battery is a combination of:
(a) Conductors
(b) Insulators
(c) Electric cells
(d) Filaments.
Answer:
(c) Electric cells

Question (ii)
The basic electric circuit needs to have:
(a) Only a source of electric current
(b) Only a few conducting wires
(c) Only a device or appliance
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question (iii)
On passing current through an electric bulb, bulb starts emitting light because its:
(a) Filament starts emitting light and then gets heated up
(b) Thick connecting wires start emitting light and then get heated up
(c) Filament gets heated up and then starts emitting light
(d) Thick wires get heated up and then starts emitting light.
Answer:
(c) Filament gets heated up and then starts emitting light

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is electric cell ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 3
Electric Cell.
It is a device used to produce electric current. In electric cell chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. An electric cell has two terminals positive ( + ) terminal and negative (-) terminal. The metal cap is the positive terminal of the cell while the metal disc is the negative terminal.

Question (ii)
What is Electric Current ?
Answer:
Electric Current. The flow of charge per unit time is called electric current. Electric current flows from positive terminal to negative terminal outside the cell.

Question (iii)
What is Electric Circuit ?
Answer:
Electric Circuit.
The arrangement between the two terminals of electric cell that provides complete path for flow of current is called electric circuit.
The diagram of an electric circuit is given in the above figure in which one electric cell is connected to bulb with the help of a switch. The bulb glows when the switch is in its “ON” position.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 4

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Tools like screw drivers and pliers, used by electricians have handles made up of plastic, rubber, wood. Why ?
Answer:
Handles of electirical tools are made up of plastic, rubber or wood to provide insulation, so that the person/electrician can be safe from electrical shock.

Question (ii)
Why should we dry our hands before touching an electric appliance or a switch ?
Answer:
We should not touch electric gadgets live open wires or electric switches with wet hands because in such situation we can get electric shock due to easy flow of current. This may prove fatal in some cases. So we should dry our hands before touching electric appliance or a switch.

Question (iii)
A student while performing an experiment in the science lab, connected an electric bulb to an electric cell through an electric switch. He noticed that the bulb does not glow when the electric switch was set in its ON position. Mention any two reasons for this observation.
Answer:
An electric bulb connected in an electric circuit with switch in its “ON’ position if does not glow there. There can be two possible reasons which are given here below :

  1. The filament of the bulb may be broken or the bulb may be fused. If it is so then the electric circuit will not become complete resulting in not glowing of the bulb.
  2. The connecting wires may have been left loose at same point.

Question (iv)
Distinguish between the terms conductors and insulators of electricity. Give two examples of each type.
Answer:
Conductors. Those substances which allow electric current to pass through them are called conductors of electricity e.g. copper wire, key made of iron. Human body.
Insulators. Those substances (materials) which do not allow current to pass through them are called insulators e.g. Rubber, Plastic and Wood.

Question (v)
Explain why the bulb would not glow in the arrangement shown at below.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 5
Answer:
We know that the bulb would light up when the electric cell starting from one terminal of the cell and ending at the other terminal of the cell is complete so that there is a continuous flow of current. In the present set up we find the elpctric circuit is incomplete (broken) and this is why the electric bulb does not glow.

Question (vi)
Match the labels with the correct parts of the circuit given below :
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 6
Answer:

  1. Switch (A device used for Making/Breaking a circuit).
  2. Cell (Provides Electric Current).
  3. Electric Bulb (Device which Lights up).

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Using the “conduction tester” on an object it was found that the bulb begins to glow. Is that object conductors or insulator. Explain.
Answer:
Because with this object the bulb begins to glow showing that the electric current is flowing in the circuit i.e. The electric circuit is complete. This can be possible only when the material of the object allows the current to flow through it and we know that only conductors allow current to flow through them. Therefore, the object is a conductor.

Question (ii)
The handles of the tools like screw drivers and pliers used by electrician for repair work usually have plastic or rubber covers on them. Can you explain why ?
Answer:
The handles of tools used by electrician for repair work usually have handles made of plastic, rubber or wood. These covers are of non-conducting material and therefore, do not allow current to pass through them. So such handles protect electricians from getting electric shock.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Electricity and Circuits Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
A device which is used to break the circuit is:
(a) Electric cells
(b) Switch
(c) Electric bulb
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Switch

Question 2.
An electric cell has terminals:
(tt) Three
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Two

Question 3.
To make electric wires is used :
(a) Rubber
(b) Aluminium
(c) Plastic
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Aluminium

Question 4.
In electric cell the source of current is:
(a) Positive terminal
(b) Negative terminal
(c) Chemical stored in it
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Chemical stored in it

Question 5.
In an electric circuit the direction of current in a cell is
(a) from positive to negative terminal
(b) from negative to positive terminal
(c) for half time from positive to negative terminal and for other half time from negative to positive terminal.
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) from positive to negative terminal

Question 6.
A subsance through which electric current can flow is :
(a) Conductor
(b) Insulator
(c) Electric circuit
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Conductor

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Question 7.
Cell is a device used to convert:
(a) electrical energy into light energy
(b) magnetic energy into electric energy
(c) chemical energy into electrical energy
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) chemical energy into electrical energy

Question 8.
The filament of electric bulb is made of ……………
(a) Tungsten
(b) Copper
(c) Platinum
(d) Aluminium.
Answer:
(a) Tungsten

Question 9.
What is the name of a device used for making or breaking an electric circuit ?
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 7
(a) cell
(b) wire
(c) bulb
(d) switch.
Answer:
(d) switch

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) A device that is used to break an electric circuit is called …………… .
Answer:
switch

(b) An electric cell has ……………… terminals.
Answer:
two

(c) The bulb glows in the circuit when the circuit is …………… .
Answer:
complete

(d) Our body is a ……………….. of electricity.
Answer:
conductor

(e) Electric cell is a source of ……………….. .
Answer:
current

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) Electric current can flow through matals.
Answer:
True

(b) Instead of metal wires, a jute string can be used to make a circuit.
Answer:
False

(c) Electric current can pass through a sheet of thermocol.
Answer:
False

(d) Switch can only break a circuit.
Answer:
False

(e) Electric current can pass through human body.
Answer:
True

Match the Column:

Match the items in Column A with items in Column B.

Column A Column B
(1) Electric cell Electric Insulators
(2) Bakelite To protect themselves from electric shock
(3) Electric wires Source of electric current
(4) Electricians use rubber gloves Copper

Answer:
(1) – Source of electric current,
(2) – Electric Insulators,
(3) – Copper,
(4) – To protect themselves from electric shock.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the source of electric current on a torch ?
Answer:
In a torch electric energy is obtained from chemicals stored in the cell.

Question 2.
Where is electric cell used ?
Answer:
Electric cell is used in alarm clocks, hand watch, Radio, Camera and other devices.

Question 3.
What is the positive terminal of electric cell ?
Answer:
Carbon rod is the positive terminal of electric cell.

Question 4.
What is the negative terminal of cell ?
Answer:
Zinc disc is the negative terminal of electric cell.

Question 5.
When does electric cell stop working ?
Answer:
When the chemicals stored in the cell are consumed up. the cell stops doing work.

Question 6.
What is filament of bulb made of ?
Answer:
The thin metallic wire which gives out light is called filament.

Question 7.
What do the two terminals of Electric cell or electric bulb represent ?
Answer:
Two terminals of Electric bulb or electric cell represent positive terminal and negative terminal.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Question 8.
If you connect wires connected to two terminals of the cell to a switch and device like bulb then what will happen ?
Answer:
By doing so the chemicals stored in the cell would be used up.

Question 9.
What is Electric circuit ?
Answer:
Electric Circuit. It is the complete path between the two terminals of the cell for continuous flow of current.

Question 10.
What is the direction of flow of current in an electric circuit ?
Answer:
In an electric circuit, the direction of flow of current is from positive terminal to negative terminal of electric cell.

Question 11.
When does electric bulb fuse ?
Answer:
When the filament of the bulb is broken, then electric circuit does not become complete and as a result the bulb does not glow than the bulb is said to have become fused.

Question 12.
What is Switch ?
Answer:
Switch. It is a simple device which is used to make or break electric circuit.

Question 13.
What type of material can be used to complete electric circuit ?
Answer:
For making electric circuit electric conducting materials can be used.

Question 14.
List three such materials which are conductors of electricity.
Answer:

  1. Keys
  2. Alpins
  3. Aluminium strip metal.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Question 15.
Name four electric insulating materials.
Answer:

  1. Cork
  2. Rubber
  3. Glass
  4. Block of wood.

Question 16.
Which metal is used for making electric wires ?
Answer:
Ordinarily copper and Aluminium metals are used for making electric wires.

Question 17.
Is our body a conductor or Insulator ?
Answer:
Human body is conductor of electricity. Therefore, we should not touch uncovered open wires.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the various tasks for which we can use electricity ?
Answer:
Uses of electricity :

  • We light our homes with electricity.
  • Electricity helps us to run fan, refrigerator, television and other devices.
  • Electricity can also work telephones and computers.

Question 2.
Why should an electrician use gloves while repairing an electric switch at your home ? Explain.
Answer:
Electricians use rubber gloves while repairing an electric switch as rubber is an insulator and current cannot pass through it. So electrician uses rubber gloves while carrying out electrical repairs without getting electric shock.

Question 3.
What is the purpose of using an electric switch ? Name some electrical gadgets that have switches built into them.
Answer:
Switches are used to light up an electric bulb and to work other electric devices. Switches used at homes work on same principle but they have complex designs. T.V., computer, automatic electric iron have switches built into them.

Question 4.
Would the bulb glow after completing the circuit shown in the figure; if instead of safety pin we use eraser ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 8
No the bulb will not glow because eraser is a non-conducting (insulating) material which does not allow the current to pass through it and complete electric circuit.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits

Question 5.
Would the bulb light up in the circuit shown in the figure ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 9
Yes, as the current flows easily because wire is connected directly and properly and moreover the circuit is complete.

Question 6.
Pick out conductors and insulators from the following:
Coin, cork, Glass, Rubber, Keys, Pin, Plastic scale, Wooden block, Aluminium foil, Candle, Sewing needle, Thermocol, Paper and Lead of pencil.
Answer:
Conductors. Coin, Keys, Pin, Aluminium foil, Sewing needle, pencil lead.
Insulators. Cork, Rubber, Glass, Plastic scale, Wooden block, Thermocol, Candle, Paper.

Question 7.
Why are metals used for making wire ?
Answer:
Metals are good conductors of electricity therefore, metals are used for making wires. Usually copper and aluminium, metals are used to make wires.

Question 8.
Why should we not keep connected the wires attached to the terminal of an electric cell to the bulb ?
Answer:
The wires attached to the two terminals of cell should not be kept connected to the bulb and devices like switch. If we will do so then the chemicals stored in the cell will be consumed quickly and the cell will stop working as a result of this.

Question 9.
What is the direction of electric current in an electric circuit ?
Answer:
In an electric circuit the direction of electric current will be from positive terminal (+) of the cell to its negative terminal (-) as shown in the figure. When the terminals of electric bulb are joined to the terminals of the cell with the help of connecting wires, then electric current flows through the filament of the bulb and the bulb lights up.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 10

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Explain the construction and working of an electric bulb.
Answer:
Electric bulb.
It is an electric device that provides light when an electric current is passed through it.
Construction.
A bulb has an outer case of glass that is fixed on a metallic base as shown in the figure. A thin wire is fixed in the middle of the glass case which gives off light. This thin wire is called the filament. This filament is fixed to two other thick wires to provide support to the filament. One of two thick wires is connected to the metal case at the base of the bulb. The other thick wire is connected to the metal base. The base and the metal tip at the base are the two terminals of the bulb. These two terminals are so placed that they do not touch each other.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Electricity and Circuits 11
Working.
On connecting the bulb in an electric circuit electric current begins to flow through the filament of the bulb as a result of which the filament first becomes hot and then on more heating the temperature increases and it becomes red hot and ultimately white-hot and starts emitting light.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Fun with Magnets Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 135)

Question 1.
Materials attracted by a magnet are called ……………….
(Magnetic/Non-magnetic)
Answer:
Materials attracted by a magnet are called magnetic.

Question 2.
Materials not attracted by a magnet are called ……………..
(Magnetic/Non-magnetic)
Answer:
Materials not attracted by a magnet are called Non-magnetic.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 136)

Question 1.
A freely suspended bar magnet always points towards direction:
(a) North-South (b) East-West
Answer:
A freely suspended bar magnet always points towards direction : North-South

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 138)

Question 1.
The poles of a bar magnet are ……………… to its ends. (near/far)
Answer:
The poles of a bar magnet are near to its ends.

Question 2.
Bar magnet has ……………… poles.
Answer:
Bar magnet has two poles.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 139)

Question 1.
Magnetic compass is a device to find the ……………. of earth, (directions/time)
Answer:
Magnetic compass is a device to find the directions of earth.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 140)

Question 1.
Like poles of two magnets ……………. each other. (Repel, Attract)
Answer:
Like poles of two magnets repel each other.

Question 2.
Unlike poles of two magnets …………… each other. (Repel, Attract)
Answer:
Unlike poles of two magnets attract each other.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Fun with Magnets Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Magnetite is ……………… magnet.
Answer:
natural

(b) Plastic is not a ……………… material.
Answer:
magnetic

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

(c) A magnet has ………………. poles.
Answer:
two

(d) The poles of a bar magnet are at its ………………
Answer:
ends

(e) ………………. is used for finding directions on earth.
Answer:
Compass

2. Write True or False:

(a) Poles of a magnet can be separated.
Answer:
False

(b) A magnet does not attract glass material.
Answer:
True

(c) Magnet can damage memory devices.
Answer:
True

(d) Magnetic compass always points towards East-West direction.
Answer:
False

(e) Magnets lose their property on hammering.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Wood (a) Repel
2. Iron (b) Natural Magnet
3. North pole-North pole (c) Non-magnetic material
4. Magnetite (d) Attract
5. North pole-South pole (e) Magnetic material

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Wood (c) Non-magnetic material
2. Iron (e) Magnetic material
3. North pole-North pole (a) Repel
4. Magnetite (b) Natural Magnet
5. North pole-South pole (d) Attract

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Non-magnetic material is:
(a) Iron
(b) Needle
(c) Paper
(d) None of them.
Answer:
(c) Paper

Question (ii)
Which can be converted into magnet
(a) Eraser
(b) Iron Nail
(c) Wooden bar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Iron Nail

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write name of any two things used in our daily life that contains magnet.
Answer:
Things containing magnet in daily use : (1) Door Closer (2) Sticker (Chipko).

Question (ii)
When a bar magnet is placed on iron filings, where the filings will be attracted more ?
Answer:
When a bar magnet is placed on iron filings, the iron filings are attracted more at the poles of the magnet. This happens because a magnet has more attractive power at its poles.

Question (iii)
What is a Artificial Magnet ?
Answer:
Artificial Magnet. A magnet made by a man in the laboratory is called Artificial Magnet.

Question (iv)
Write any two properties of magnet ?
Answer:
Properties of Magnet :

  1. A magnet when freely suspended always sets itself in North-South direction.
  2. Every magnet has two poles : (a) North pole and the other (b) South pole which cannot be separated.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is a magnet ? Name the poles of magnet.
Answer:
Magnet. A substance which attracts iron and substances made of iron towards itself, is called Magnet. Every magnet has two poles : (1) North pole and (2) South pole. These two poles cannot be separated.

Question (ii)
Give three reasons by which a magnet loses its property.
Answer:
Reasons by which a magnet loses its property :

  1. By heating a magnet
  2. By striking a magnet with hammer
  3. Dropping a magnet from height
  4. By not properly storing a magnet.

Question (iii)
What is a compass ? For what purpose it is used ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 1
Magnetic compass.
It is an instrument which is used to determine the geographical directions of earth. It has a small magnetic needle enclosed in a plastic or aluminium circular box and is supported on a vertical axis. The needle can freely rotate in a horizontal direction freely.

The north pole of the needle is painted red to distinguish it from the other pole.
Geographical direction are marked on the dial of the compass.

Question (iv)
What are magnetic and non-magnetic materials ? Give examples.
Answer:
Magnetic materials.
Those substances which are attracted towards magnet, are called magnetic materials. As for example Iron, Cobalt and Nickle.

Non-magnetic materials.
Those materials which are not attracted towards magnet are called Non-magnetic materials e.g. Wood, Plastic, Paper and Cloth.

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question (i)
How will you make your own magnet from a given strip of iron ? Describe.
Answer:
Method of making Iron strip a magnet (By Rubbing)
Take an iron strip. Place it on a table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its pole on one end of the strip. Now without lifting the magnet rub it gently along the length of the strip to its other end. Now lift the magnet and bring the same pole of the magnet to the previous end of the strip. Rub the magnet as before. Repeat this process 30-40 times. Now to test whether the iron strip has become magnet or not, bring some alpins or some iron filings near one of its ends. If alpins/iron filings are attracted then the given iron strip has become magnet otherwise not. If not, then continue the process of rubbing till it acquires magnetism. Note that the rubbing pole and the direction of rubbing the strip does not change.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 2

Precautions : (1) The direction of rubbing with magnet has to be the same.
(2) While rubbing the pole of the magnet should remain the same everytime.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question (ii)
Give some uses of magnets in our daily life.
Answer:
Uses of magnets in daily life :

  1. Magnet is used in hard disc of computers which we use daily.
  2. Magnets are used in TV, speakers and radios magnet and coil used in speakers convert electric signals into sound.
  3. These are used in generators which change mechanical energy into electric energy. In some other type of motors magnets are used to convert electric energy into mechanical energy.
  4. Electrically charged magnets in cranes help to lift heavy iron loads and carry them from one place to another place which cannot be done by human labour.
  5. Magnets are used in filter machines where are is separated from crushed rock pieces.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Fun with Magnets Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question (i)
A magnet has poles :
(a) Three
(b) One
(c) Two
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Two

Question (ii)
A magnet attracts :
(a) Iron
(b) Rubber
(c) Glass
(d) Wood.
Answer:
(a) Iron

Question (iii)
On suspending a magnet freely it always stays in:
(a) North-West direction
(b) North-East direction
(c) North-South direction
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) North-South direction

Question (iv)
A magnet made from iron is called:
(a) Artificial magnet
(b) Natural magnet
(c) Spherical ended magnet
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Artificial magnet

Question (v)
To preserve the properties of a magnet the pairs of magnet should be with:
(a) similar poles near each other
(b) dissimilar poles near each other
(c) poles struck with hammer
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) dissimilar poles near each other

Question (vi)
For ascertaining direction is used :
(a) Magnous rod
(b) Non-magnetic substances
(c) Compass
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Compass

Question (vii)
In which part of the magnet, the force of attraction is maximum ?
(a) At the ends
(b) In the middle
(c) Between the end and the centre of magnet
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) At the ends

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question (viii)
The similar poles of the magnet mutually :
(a) attract each other
(b) repel each other
(c) neither attract nor repel
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(b) repel each other

Question (ix)
Between dissimilar poles of a magnet there is :
(a) Attraction
(b) Repulsion
(c) Neither attraction nor repulsion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Attraction

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Artificial magnets are made in different shapes such as …………….. , …………… and ……………..
Answer:
bar magnets, horse-shoe magnet, cylindrical,

(b) The materials which are attracted towards magnet are called ………………
Answer:
Magnetic materials

(c) Paper is not a ……………. material.
Answer:
Magnetic

(d) In olden days, sailor used to find direction by suspending a piece of ………………
Answer:
Natural magnet (load stone)

(e) A magnet always has ……………… poles.
Answer:
two

Write (T) against true and (F) against false Statements:

(a) A cylindrical magnet has only one pole.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

(b) Artificial magnets were discovered in Greece.
Answer:
False

(c) Similar poles of a magnet repel each other.
Answer:
True

(d) Maximum iron filings stick in the middle of a bar magnet when it is brought near them.
Answer:
False

(e) Bar magnet always point towards North-South direction.
Answer:
True

(f) A compass can be used to find East-West direction at any place.
Answer:
True

(g) Rubber is a magnetic material.
Answer:
False

Matching Match the following:

Column A Column B
(1) To find geographical direction at a place Natural magnet
(2) Two dissimilar poles Rubbing with a permanent magnet
(3) Freely suspended magnet stays Magnetic compass
(4) An iron needle becomes megnet Attract
(5) Magnetite North-South direction

Answer:
(1) – Natural magnet,
(2) – Rubbing with a permanent magnet.
(3) – Magnetic compass,
(4) – Attract,
(5) – North-South direction

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Very short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where are stickers (Chipko) generally used ?
Answer:
Stickers are generally used in steel almirahs or refrigerators so that these do not open when not required.

Question 2.
Name some four common things which have magnet in them.
Answer:

  1. Pin holder,
  2. Pencil box,
  3. Tape recorder and
  4. Radio.

Question 3.
Name the shepherd who first discovered natural magnet.
Answer:
Magnus.

Question 4.
What is natural magnet ?
Answer:
Natural magnet. Natural rock of magnetite found in the form of magnet is called natural magnet.

Question 5.
Name three magnetic substances.
Answer:

  1. Iron
  2. Nickle
  3. Cobalt.

Question 6.
List four non-magnetic substances.
Answer:

  1. Plastic
  2. Cloth
  3. Paper
  4. Wood.

Question 7.
How iron particles separated from a mixture of iron, sand and dust ?
Answer:
Iron particles can be separated from the mixture with the help of a magnet.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question 8.
Where do iron particles stick more at the middle of the poles of a magnet ?
Answer:
Iron particles stick more at the poles of a magnet than in the middle.

Question 9.
In which direction a freely suspended magnet stays ?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always stays in the North-South direction.

Question 10.
What is North pole of a magnet ?
Answer:
The end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards the geographical North is called North pole of magnet.

Question 11.
What is South pole of a magnet ?
Answer:
That end of a freely suspended magnet which points towards geographical South pole is called South pole of magnet.

Question 12.
Which property of magnet is used to determine the direction ?
Answer:
A freely suspended magnet always points in N-S direction. This property is used to determine the direction.

Question 13.
Which instrument is used to find direction ?
Answer:
Magnetic compass.

Question 14.
Do the like poles of two magnets attract or repel each other ?
Answer:
Like poles of two magnets repel each other.

Question 15.
Do unlike poles of two magnets attract or repel each other ?
Answer:
Unlike-poles of two magnets attract each other.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question 16.
Where are poles of bar magnet situated ?
Answer:
Poles of bar magnet are situated near its ends.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How was natural magnet discovered ?
Answer:
It is believed that there was a shepherd named Magnes, who lived in ancient Greece. He used to take his herd of sheep and goats to the nearby mountains, for grazing. He would take a stick with him to control his herd. At one end of the stick there was a small piece of iron attached. One day while sitting on a rock, he was surprised to find that he had to pull hard to free his stick from that rock. He felt as if the stick was being attracted by the rock. Actually the rock was a natural magnet. This is how natural magnet was discovered. It was given the name magnetite after his own name.

Question 2.
What is magnet ? What are its different types ?
Answer:
Magnet. A magnet is a substance which attracts iron and iron made things towards it. When freely suspended it points in the North-South direction.

Types of Magnets. Mainly it is of two types.
(i) Natural magnet and
(ii) Artificial magnet

(i) Natural magnet. A magnet found in the nature is called natural magnet. Magnetite is a natural magnet.

(ii) Artificial magnet. A man made magnet is called Artificial magnet. Artificial magnets are made in different shapes. For example Bar magnet, Horse-shoe shaped magnet, Ring magnet, cylinderical magnet, Ball ended magnet.

Question 3.
It was observed that a pencil sharpener gets attracted by both the poles of a magnet although its body is made of plastic. Name a material that might have been used to make some part of it.
Answer:
The blade of sharpener is made of iron which is a magnetic material. Therefore, it is attracted by both poles of a magnet.

Question 4.
How will you separate iron particles from the sand or soil ?
Answer:
Spread mixture of sand and iron particles on a piece of paper. Move a magnet through the mixture. Iron particles will stick to the magnet. In this way, iron particles can be separated from sand or soil.

Question 5.
Show that the strength of a magnet is more at the poles that in the middle.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 3
Take a bar magnet and some iron fillings. Now spread iron filings on a sheet of a paper and then put the bar magnet on the filings. We will observe that iron filings are attracted by magnet most on the both ends of the magnet as shown in the figure.

This activity shows that the strength of the magnet is more at the poles than in the middle of it

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question 6.
Column I shows different positions in which one pole of magnet is placed near that of other. Column II indicates the resulting action between them for each situation. Fill in the blanks.

Column I Column II
N – N ………………
N ………… Attraction
S – N …………..
…….. S Repulsion

Answer:

Column I Column II
N – N Repulsion
N – S Attraction
S – N Attraction
S – S Repulsion

Question 7.
A bar magnet has no marking to indicate its poles. How would you find out near which end is its north pole located ?
Answer:
Identifying poles of a magnet. Take a bar magnet with poles marked on it. Suspend it freely with a thread from a wooden stand. Now take the unmarked bar magnet. Bring its one pole towards the north pole of the magnet suspended from the wooden stand. If it attracts then -it is south pole otherwise it is north pole and the other pole will be south pole.

Question 8.
Write any four properties of a magnet.
Answer:
Properties of a magnet.

  1. Magnet has two poles, which cannot be isolated.
  2. Magnet always rests in North-south direction when suspended freely.
  3. Like poles of a magnet repel each other while unlike pole attract each other.
  4. Magnet attracts magnetic substances like iron, cobalt, nickel etc.
  5. When a magnetic substance is rubbed with magnet, it also becomes a magnet.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is artificial magnet ? Give one method of making an artificial magnet.
Answer:
Artificial magnet. A magnet made by man is called artificial magnet. It can be of different shapes e.g.
(i) Bar magnet (ii) Horse shoe shaped (U-shaped) magnet (iii) cylinderical magnet.
Method of making an artificial magnet.
Method of making Iron strip a magnet (By Rubbing)
Take an iron strip. Place it on a table. Now take a bar magnet and place one of its pole on one end of the strip. Now without lifting the magnet rub it gently along the length of the strip to its other end. Now lift the magnet and bring the same pole of the magnet to the previous end of the strip. Rub the magnet as before. Repeat this process 30-40 times. Now to test whether the iron strip has become magnet or not, bring some alpins or some iron filings near one of its ends. If alpins/iron filings are attracted then the given iron strip has become magnet otherwise not. If not, then continue the process of rubbing till it acquires magnetism. Note that the rubbing pole and the direction of rubbing the strip does not change.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 2

Precautions : (1) The direction of rubbing with magnet has to be the same.
(2) While rubbing the pole of the magnet should remain the same everytime.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets

Question 2.
Show experimentally that like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other.
Answer:
Experiment to show like poles repel and unlike poles attract each other. Take two bar magnets. Suspend one of these bar magnets by a string at some distance away from the other magnet and mark its north and south poles. Now, hold the first magnet in your hand and brings its north pole close to each pole of the suspended magnet, one by one. Repeat the same experiment now with the south pole of the bar magnet held in your hand. You will observe that the north poles of the two magnets, repel one another. The same is true for their south poles. However, the north pole of one magnet attracts the south pole of the other and vice-versa.

The observations can be summarised in the following way:
Like poles repel each other and unlike poles attract each other.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 4

Question 3.
What is a magnetic compass ? Explain it.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 5
Compass.
This is a device which is used to find the directions. It is based on principle that a magnet always rests in North-South direction when suspended freely.

Construction.
A magnetic compass consists of a small magnet pivoted at its centre so that it can rotate freely about that pointed in the horizontal plane. Its north pole is generally paintd red and is enclosed in a small box of aluminium having a glass cover. Its needle always comes to rest in north-south direction. It is used to find directions at any place. Fig. Magnetic Compass

Question 4.
How are magnets’ safety preserved?
Answer:
If the magnets are not kept properly, they get weaken with time. To store magnets safely the following arrangement should be made.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Fun with Magnets 6
1. The opposite poles should be kept near each other with a strip of wood in between them and also place some soft iron pieces near their ends.
2. To store a horseshoe magnet place a soft iron piece in between its poles.
Keep your magnets away from Cassettes Mobiles, Televisions, Music systems, CDs, Computer, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) The respiratory organs of fish are ………………
Answer:
Gills

(b) Environment consist of ……………. and ……………… component.
Answer:
Biotic and Abiotic

(c) Sunlight is ………………. component of a habitat.
Answer:
Abiotic

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(d) Animals that live on land are called …………………
Answer:
Terrestrial animals

(e) All ……………….. beings show growth and reproduction.
Answer:
Living

2. Write True or False:

(a) Cactus carry out photosynthesis using their stems.
Answer:
True

(b) A camel’s hump stores food and water.
Answer:
False

(c) All green plants are consumers.
Answer:
False

(d) Biotic components consist of water, air and soil.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth (a) Plants or animals
2. Arboreal (b) Waxy coating on stem
3. Cactus (c) Monkey
4. Biotic components (d) The sun.

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Main source of energy on earth (d) The sun
2. Arboreal (c) Monkey
3. Cactus (b) Waxy coating on stem
4. Biotic components (a) Plants or animals.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Abiotic components include:
(a) Air, water, plants
(b) Air, water, soil
(c) Plants and animals
(d) Soil, plants, water.
Answer:
(c) Plants and animals

Question (ii)
Cactus is a ……………..
(a) Xerophyte
(b) Decomposer
(c) Hydrophyte
(d) Herb.
Answer:
(a) Xerophyte

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question (iii)
…………….. have a streamlined body.
(a) Earthworms
(b) Tigers
(c) Fishes
(d) Polar bears.
Answer:
(b) Tigers

Question (iv)
Organisms living in water are called ……………….. animals.
(a) Aquatic
(b) Terrestrial
(c) Xerophytes
(d) Aerial.
Answer:
(a) Aquatic

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define habitat.
Answer:
The place where living beings live is called Habitat.

Question (ii)
Define adaptation.
Answer:
The ability of living things to adjust themselves to their surroundings is called adaptation.

Question (iii)
Give two examples -each of terrestrial and aquatic animals.
Answer:
Terrestrial animals : Monkey, Human beings

Question (iv)
What are the producers ?
Answer:
Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers.

Question (v)
What are biotic components ?
Answer:
Living things like plants, animals, human beings and micro-organisms in a habitat are biotic components.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define scavengers and decomposers.
Answer:
Scavengers. The animals that feed on dead animals and help us in keeping our environment clean, e.g. vultures, dogs etc.

Decomposers. Micoorganisms which feed on dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are called Decomposers.

Question (ii)
What are two adaptations of fish ?
Answer:
Two adaptations of fish are :

  1. They have streamlined body to reduce resistance due to water.
  2. Fins in fish and flippers in whales help them in swimming.

Question (iii)
Which animal is called ‘ship of desert’ ? Write its two features.
Answer:
Camel is known as ‘ship of desert’.

Question (iv)
What is Hibernation ? Give one example.
Answer:
The long winter sleep of animals for survival is called Hibernation.
For example : Frogs, Lizards.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write short notes on :
(1) Producers
(2) Consumers
(3) Decomposers.
Answer:
(1) Producers. Organisms that can manufacture their own food are called producers. For example, green plants make their own food by photosynthesis.

(2) Consumers. Organisms that cannot prepare their own food but consume food pepared by green plants are consumers. They also obtain their food by eating other living or dead animals.

Types of Consumers :
(a) Primary Consumers or Herbivores. Animals that get their food directly from plants are Herbivores, e.g. cow, dear, goat etc.
(b) Secondary Consumers or Carnivores. They eat primary consumers, e.g. snakes, frog, lizard.
(c) Tertiary Consumers. They eat secondary consumers, e.g. lion, tiger, leopards etc.

(3) Decomposers. The microorganisms which fed on the dead bodies of plants and animals and break them into simple substances are caled Decomposers, e.g. Bacteria and fungi.

Question (ii)
Briefly describe the various types of habitats.
Answer:
Types of Habitat. There are three main kinds of habitat :
(1) Terrestrial
(2) Aquatic and
(3) Aerial or Arboreal Habitat.

(1) Terrestrial habitat. The organisms that live on land are called Terrestrial organisms and their habitat is terrestrial habitat. Examples of terrestrial habitats are desert, grasslands, mountain.

(2) Aquatic (water) habitat. Organisms that live in lakes, ponds, rivers and oceans are aquatic organisms and their habitats are aquatic habitat. Examples of aquatic habitats are Oceans, seas, certain lakes etc.

(3) Aerial or Arboreal habitat. Organisms that live in air are called aerial or arboreal animals and their habitats are called aerial or arboreal habitats. Most birds and winged animals are arboreal in habit. Organisms are adapted for aerial existence as no organism is bom in air.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question (iii)
Distinguish between living and non-living things.
Answer:

Living things Non-living things
(1) Living things grow. (1) They do not grow.
(2) They show movement. (2) They never move.
(3) They can reproduce. (3) They cannot reproduce.
(4) Living things can respire. (4) They do not respire.
(5) Living beings need food. (5) They don’t feed.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Pick out living among following :
(a) Plough
(b) Mushroom
(c) Water
(d) Wool.
Answer:
(b) Mushroom

Question 2.
The process by which waste materials of a body are thrown out, is:
(a) Digestion
(b) Excretion
(c) Reproduction
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Excretion

Question 3.
Gills are breathing organs of :
(a) Fishes
(b) Frog
(c) Flies
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Fishes

Question 4.
Pups of a dog grows into adult. This characteristic of living organisms is
(a) Reproduction
(b) Growth
(c) Respiration
(d) None
Answer:
(b) Growth

Question 5.
Basic unit of life is:
(a) Tissue
(b) Organ
(c) Cell
(d) None
Answer:
(c) Cell

Question 6.
Average life span of Bacteria is :
(a) Two days
(b) 20 minutes
(c) 10 seconds
(d) 20 seconds
Answer:
(b) 20 minutes

Question 7.
Which of the following is a Decomposer ?
(a) Lion
(b) Deer
(c) Monkey
(d) Bacterium.
Answer:
(d) Bacterium.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 8.
Plants live on desert area are:
(a) Hydrophytes
(b) Xerophytes
(c) Aquatic
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(b) Xerophytes

Question 9.
Which of the following has webbed feet for swimming ?
(a) Fishes
(b) Whales
(c) Jelly fish
(d) Duck.
Answer:
(d) Duck.

Question 10.
Forelimbs are modified in :
(a) Animals
(b) Plants
(c) Birds
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Birds

Fill in the Blanks :

(a) In every habitat, there are many ……………… of various kinds.
Answer:
organisms

(b) Bones are …………… in aerial organisms.
Answer:
hollow

(c) Winter sleep by animals are called ……………….
Answer:
Hibernation

(d) The plants live in water are ………………..
Answer:
Hydrophytes

(e) In cactus plants, leaves are reduced to ……………….
Answer:
spines

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(f) Lion and …………… are animals of ………………..
Answer:
deer, grasslands

(g) Steamlined body is present in …………………
Answer:
fishes

(h) Frogs have ……………….. feet to swim in water.
Answer:
webbed

(i) The ability of animals to adapt themselves according to the environment is called ………………
Answer:
Adaptation

(j) …………….. feed on dead animals.
Answer:
Scavangers

True/False:

(a) There is lot of water available in deserts.
Answer:
False

(b) All animals cannot adapt themselves to their surroundings.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

(c) Sunlight and heat form biotic components of a habitat.
Answer:
False

(d) Desert plants have deep roots for absorbing water.
Answer:
True

(e) Snow leopard has no fur to cover its body.
Answer:
False

(f) All living organisms excrete.
Answer:
True

(g) Aquatic plants are found on the land.
Answer:
False

(h) Frogs have strong back legs for jumping.
Answer:
True

(i) Car, scooter, bus etc. are moving but are non-living.
Answer:
True

(j) All living things have same characteristics.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Match the following:

Column A Column B
(1) Hydrilla Webbed feet
(2) Cactus Streamlined body
(3) Ducks Modified leaves into spines
(4) Whales Hydrophytic plant

Answer:
(1) Hydrilla – Hydrophytic plant
(2) Cactus – Modified leaves into spines
(3) Ducks – Webbed feet
(4) Whales – Streamlined body.

(b)

Column A Column B
(1) Camel Cold habitat
(2) Lion Aerial Habitat
(3) Bat Desert animal
(4) Penguine Aquatic animal
(5) Fish Terrestrial animal

Answer:
(1) Camel – Desert animal
(2) Lion – Terrestrial animal
(3) Bat – Aerial Habitat
(4) Penguine – Cold habitat
(5) Fish – Aquatic animal.

(c)

Column A Column B
(1) Vultures Consumers/carnivores
(2) Fungi Producers
(3) Green plants Decomposers
(4) Lion Scavengers

Answer:
(1) Vultures – Scavengers
(2) Fungi – Decomposers
(3) Green plants – Producers
(4) Lion – Consumers/camivores.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the trees found on mountains.
Answer:
Oaks, pines, deodars.

Question 2.
Give example of unicellular organisms.
Answer:
Amoeba.

Question 3.
Why do living beings need food ?
Answer:
They need food to cany out their daily activities.

Question 4.
Define stimuls.
Answer:
Living things respond to immediate and long term changes in their environment called stimulus.

Question 5.
What do you mean by life span ?
Answer:
The duration if life for which living organisms live.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 6.
What is life span of a housefly ?
Answer:
1 – 4 years.

Question 7.
Can plants reproduce ?
Answer:
Yes, they reproduce with the help of seeds.

Question 8.
Define respiration.
Answer:
Process of taking oxygen in, combining with food and throwing out carbon dioxide and water vapour.

Question 9.
How do plants take carbon dioxide ?
Answer:
Through stomata.

Question 10.
In what forms our body excrete ?
Answer:
Our body exretes in the form of urine, faeces, sweat and exhaled air.

Question 11.
Why do organisms move ?
Answer:
They move to protect themselves from their enemies and natural calamities.

Question 12.
Where cactus plants grow ?
Answer:
Cactus grows in hot and dry areas of deserts.

Question 13.
Name some tertiary consumers.
Answer:
Lion, tiger, leopards.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 14.
How sunlight is helpful ?
Answer:
Plants make their food with the help of sunlight.

Question 15.
How water is essential ?
Answer:
Water is essential for life as the bodies of plants and animals contain large amounts of water.

Question 16.
How cactus is adapted in xerophytic conditions ?
Answer:
Cactus have very long roots, small leaves or spines and wax coated stem to conserve water.

Question 17.
Who is “ship of desert” ?
Answer:
Camel.

Question 18.
What is the function of Humb in camels ?
Answer:
It stores fat as reserve food.

Question 19.
What is the role of air bladder in Ducks ?
Answer:
They help ducks to float on water.

Question 20.
Name the animals who Hibernate.
Answer:
Frogs, Lizards, Bears.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is function of scales on the body of fish ?
Answer:
Functions of scales. The scales present on the body of fish are slippery in nature. They protect the fish and help for easy movement in water.

Question 2.
Why do camels have long legs ?
Answer:
Camels have long legs to keep its body away from the intense heat during hot days.

Question 3.
How are animals adapted to live in mountain regions ?
Answer:
Adaptations of animals for living in mountain regions.

  1. Thick skin or fur to protect from cold e.g. yak.
  2. Strong hooves (goat) for running up rocky slopes.

Question 4.
Name the sea animals which do not have gills. How do they respire ?
Answer:
Dolphins and Whales do not have gills. They respire through nostrils or blowholes, which are present on the upper parts of their heads. They swim near to the surface and breathe in fresh air. They can stay inside the water for a long time without breathing.

Question 5.
Define respiration, growth, and excretion.
Answer:
Respiration. The process of taking in oxygen and giving out carbondioxide is called respiration.
Growth. The process of changing from a child to a-grown up is called growth. A seed grows into a plant.

Excretion. The process of throwing out waste materials from the body is known as excretion.

Question 6.
Show with an example that living things respond to stimuli.
Answer:
Living things respond to stimuli. When we move from a dark room into bright sunlight, our eyes shut themselves automatically for a moment to adjust themselves to the changed conditions. Similarly, when light is switched on in a dark room, cockroaches run to move in dark comers. Some plants also respond to light and touch (e.g. Touch-me not).

Question 7.
What are adaptations of camel ?
Answer:

  1. Camel has no sweat glands in order to reduce water loss.
  2. Hump is present to reserve food in the form of fat.
  3. They have thick skin to bear heat of desert.
  4. Their toes are bread and pedded that are suitable for walking on hot and loose sand.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 8.
Write the adaptations of hydrophyts.
Answer:

  1. They have poorly developed roots.
  2. Their stems are flexible
  3. Leaves are wax coated.

Question 9.
What do you mean by terrestrial and aquatic habitat ?
Answer:
Terrestrial habitat. This includes habitat of all the organisms which live and propagate on land. Example; Cow, camel, horse, dog are terrestrial organisms and forest is their terrestrial habitat.

Aquatic habitat. The habitats of plants and animals that live in water are called aquatic habitat. Examples : fishes, crocodile, snake etc. are aquatic organisms and water is their aquatic habitat.

Question 10.
What are biotic and abiotic components ?
Answer:
All living organisms like plants, animals and human beings include biotic components. All non-living parts such as light, water, soil and air are abiotic components.

Question 11.
What are the characteristics of xerophytes ?
Answer:
Characteristics of Xerophytes.

  1. These plants have extensive long root system.
  2. The stem of plants become thick and store water. Example, Opuntia.
  3. Leaves are modified into spines as in cactus.
  4. Leaves are coated with cuticle to check the loss of water.

Question 12.
Write physical conditions of Terrestrial habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of terrestrial habitat,

  1. Oxygen supply is uniform, sufficient and easily available.
  2. Temperature varies from place to place and season to season.
  3. Light is available in sufficient quantity and for sufficient duration.
  4. In certain region organisms have to adapt to avoid dehydration.

Question 13.
Write physical conditions of aquatic habitat.
Answer:
Physical conditions of aquatic habitat,

  1. Except in deep ocean, uniform supply of light, temperature, oxygen is available.
  2. Light and temperature vary in deep oceans at different depths.
  3. Pressure also varies in deep oceans at different depths.

Question 14.
Write the main characteristics of living and nor living things.
Answer:
We have many things around us which are two types i.e. living and non-living.
Living things. In living things life processes take place, so they need food. They grow upto a certain age. They respire and respond to external stimuli. They have ability to produce their young ones. They die after a certain age.

Non-living things. In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food. They do not grow and do not respond to external stimuli. They do not excrete. There is no death in the case of non-living things.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 15.
What are hydrophytes ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 1
Hydrophytes. These are the plants which grow in watery places or the places which remain wet throughout the year. Examples : Hydrilla, Pista,
Lotus, Vallsneria.

Question 16.
What are the differences between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat ?
Answer:
Difference between Aquatic and Terrestrial habitat:

Aquatic habitat Terrestrial habitat
(1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate in water. (1) These include habitat of organisms that live and propagate on land.
(2) Water absorbs and loses heat gradually therefore, sudden fluctuation in temperature is not found in aquatic habitat. (2) The terrestrial habitat have rapid fluctuation in the climate, temperature, moisture, i.e. it is not uniform everywhere.

Question 17.
What are unicellular of multicellular organisms ?
Answer:
Organisms made up of only one cell are Unicellular organisms, e.g. : Amoeba, Paramoecium. Organisms made up of large number of cells are called multicellular organisms, e.g. Humans, cat, dog etc.

Question 18.
What do you mean by excretion ? Write different modes of excretion in animals.
Answer:
Excretion.
The process of getting rid of waste or removal of waste materials from body is called excretion.

Mode of Excretion.
Larger animals even the human beings remove these wastes in the form of fluids like urine and faecal matter. The removal of waste is necessary since these may be poisonous and harmful to the organism.

Smaller organisms like bacteria, amoeba (one celled animals) remove their waste through body surfaces.

Question 19.
Differentiate living and non-livings on the basis of Growth and Respiration.
Answer:
Living organisms can grow as well as respire but non-living cannot.

Question 20.
What are the saline water habitats and fresh water habitats include ?
Answer:
Fresh water habitat. Rivers, ponds, lakes.
Saline water habitat. Oceans, seas, certain lakes.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by the term ‘Adaptation’ ?
Answer:
Adaptation.
The development of characteristics which help an organism to sun’ive in a particular environment is known as adaptation.
Adaptation commonly involves a combination of characteristics, shape, size, structure, colour and mode of life. For example, a fish shows many adaptations for aquatic life. It has a streamlined body provided with fins which enables it to swim in water, presence of gills for breathing.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings

Question 2.
How biotic and abiotic components of a habitat are interacted ? Draw its chart also.
Answer:
Interaction of biotic and abiotic environment.
All biotic components such as plants, animals and micro-organisms are influenced by abiotic components such as water, light, air, oxygen and temperature in different ways. Green plants prepare their own food and all the animals depend upon plants for the food. Some animals feed on other animals. Plants also provide shelter to the animals thus all the organisms are related through food chain.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
After death and decay of the plants and animals, they are decomposed into simple minerals into soil. These minerals are again used by plants through the roots. Thus they are interrelated and share common surroundings.

Thus we see that all the plants and animals and the abiotic components involving air. light, water are related and interdependent on each other in the habitat.

Question 3.
In what ways living things differ from non-living things ?
Answer:
Differences between living and non-living things :

Living things Non-living things
(1) Food is necessary for the life processes in living things. (1) In non-living things, no life processes take place, so they do not need food.
(2) Respiration is necessary for living things. (2) There is no respiration in non-living things.
(3) Living things grow upto a certain age. (3) These do not grow on their own.
(4) Living things respond to external stimuli. (4) Non-living things do not respond to external stimuli.
(5) Living things excrete waste product from their body. (5) Non-living things do not excrete.
(6) Living things produce their young ones. (6) There is no procreation in non-living things.
(7) The body structure of living things is cellular. (7) Non-living things do not have cellular body.

Question 4.
How is camel adapted for xeric adaptation / deserts ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 9 The Living Organisms and Their Surroundings 2
The camel is superbly adapted for xeric conditions that is why it is rightly called the ‘ship of the desert’. The following adaptations are found in camel :

  • It uses its entire foot while walking and its hooves are covered by a large sole which helps it to move on hot, slippery sand.
  • It has a hump on the back which is filled with fat. This stores food that is utilized during the time when the camel does not get anything to eat.
  • It can drink as much as 50 litres of water in one gulp when water is available to it.
  • It excretes very little water from its body.
  • It passes nearly dry dung.
  • It does not perspire.

Question 5.
What are the abiotic components? Explain.
Answer:
The non-living components like rocks, roil, air, water, sunlight, temperature are abiotic components

  • Air. Both plants and animals require air to live. Animals take oxygen and give out carbon dioxide while plants give out oxygen and take carbon dioxide. Photosynthesis also takes place in the air.
  • Soil. It contains water, air, and living organisms. It provides nutrients to plants.
  • Sunlight. Plants perform photosynthesis in the presence of sunlight. Humans require sunlight for vitamin D. So, All organisms depend on sunlight directly and indirectly.
  • Water. Water is essential for life as it is present in large amounts in plants and animals.
  • Temperature. All living organisms can receive only within a specific range of temperature

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C.

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you understand by Mahajanapada?
Answer:
By about 600 B.C., a part of the Ganga plain had been cleared of forests and people had settled down in different tracts. These territories were called Janapadas and named after the ruling clan in each area. The more powerful Janapadas among these were known as Mahajanapadas.

Question 2.
Write about any four important Mahajanapadas.
Answer:
Magadha, Kosala, Vatsa and Avanti were four important Mahajanapadas.

  • Magadha: Magadha was the most powerful Mahajanapada. It included Gaya and Patna areas of Bihar. Its capital city was Rajagriha.
  • Kosala: Kosala was another powerful Mahajanapada and its capital city was Ayodhya or Sketa.
  • Vatsa: The capital city of Vatsa was Kausambi.
  • Avanti: The capital city of Avanti Mahajanapada was Ujjain.

Question 3.
Write about the rise of Magadha under the Haryanjca dynasty.
Answer:
In the beginning, Magadha has comprised only the areas of Patna and Gaya in Bihar, but later on it saw a great rise under the rule of the Haryanka kings, namely Bimbisara and Ajatasatru.
1. Bimbisara: Bimbisara became the king of Magadha in about 543 B.C. He made his kingdom more powerful in many ways. He occupied the Ganga. He conquered the Artga State in the southeast and occupied the major port of the Gmga, namely Champa. His capital city was Rajagriha near Nalanda.

2. Ajatasatru: Ajatasatru was a son of Bimbisara. He murdered his father in 492 B,C. and became the ruler of Magadha. He invaded his neighbouring states and expanded his kingdom. He defeated Kashi, Kosala and Vaisali and made Magadha the most powerful kingdom of North India. He made Patliputra(Patna) his new capital.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
What do you know about caste system during this period?
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., the caste system and four stages of life were two most important features of society.
1. Caste System: The caste system was rigid. Society was mainly divided into four castes. These castes were Brahmanas, Kshatriyas, Vaishyas and the lower castes. Brahmanas were given great respect in society, whereas low castes’ condition was very bad and they were ill-treated. The caste system was based on birth.

Besides the above four castes, there were several sub-castes based on professions. These sub-castes included carpenters, ironsmiths, goldsmiths, chariot-makers, potters and oil-pressers, etc.

Question 5.
Write a note about the punch-marked coins.
Answer:
In India of 600 B.C. to 400 B.C., copper and silver coins were used for transactions: These coins were mostly irregular pieces of metal in shape but of fixed weight. They were punched with various symbols. Such coins were known as the punch-marked coins.

Question 6.
What do you know about Jainism?
Answer:
Jainism came into existence in 600 B.C. There were twenty-four teachers of this religion, who were known as Tirthankaras. Adriana (Rishabhdeva) was the first and Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankara.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 1
Vardhamana Mahavira

Teachings: Teachings of Jainism are as follows :

  • Ahimsa: Ahimsa is the main teaching of Jainism. Man should not hurt anybody. There is soul in even the smallest particle. So every effort should be made not to kill it.
  • Truth: Man should speak the truth. Truth purifies the soul. We should not speak ill of anybody.
  • Non-Stealing: Stealing is a sin. To take a thing or wealth without permission is stealing. It hurts others.
  • Non-Possession: We should not accumulate property. It causes attachment in life and ties man in worldly affairs.
  • Chastity: Man should follow chastity.
  • Hard Penance: Moksha can be achieved by hard penance, that frees the man from the cycle of birth and death.
  • Three Jewels: Three Jewels (Tri-ratna) is a way of achieving Moksha. These three jewels are Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Conduct.

Sects of Jainism: Shwetambara and Digambara are the two sects of Jainism.

  • Shwetambara: The followers of the 23rd Tirthankara Parshvanatha are called Shwetambaras. Shwetambaras wear white clothes.
  • Digambara: The followers of the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism are known as Digambaras. These saints wear no clothes.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Which are the main teachings of Buddhism?
Answer:
The main teachings of Buddhism are as follows :
1. Four Noble Truths. The Four Noble Truths of Buddhism are :
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India From 600 BC 400 BC 2

  • The world is full of sorrow.
  • The cause of sorrow is desire.
  • We can conquer sorrow by conquering desire.
  • Desire can be conquered by following the Eight Fold Path.

2. The Eightfold Path, Mahatma Buddha has suggested the Eightfold Path for freeing oneself from sorrow and achieving Nirvana. The eight principles of the Eightfold Path are

  • Right Belief,
  • Right Thought,
  • Right Speech,
  • Right Action,
  • Right Means of Livelihood,
  • Right Effort,
  • Right Recollection,
  • Right Meditation.

3. The Middle Path: Mahatma Buddha also taught the Middle Path. It means that one should not torture oneself by severe austerities, nor should one indulge in luxuries of life.

4. Moral Teachings: Moral teachings of Buddhism included non-violence, speaking the truth, non-use of intoxicants, not to accept or keep money, not to eat at odd hours, not coveting others’ property, etc.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Bimbisara ruled from __________ to B.C.
Answer:
543, 492.

Question 2.
Ministers were known as __________
Answer:
Amatyas

Question 3.
Agriculture and cattle rearing were the ____________ occupations.
Answer:
peasants

Question 4.
There have been _____________ Tirthankaras in Jainism.
Answer:
24

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Gautama Buddha’s real name was __________
Answer:
Siddhartha

Question 6.
Lord Mahavir Ji spent Grihastha life till __________ years.
Answer:
30.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(1) Magadha (a) Republic
(2) Ajatasatru (b) Mahajanapada
(3) Vajji (c) Guild
(4) Shreni (d)King
(5) Parsvanatha (e) Ashtangika Marg
(6) Buddha (f) Tirthankara

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(1) Magadha (b) Mahajanapada
(2) Ajatasatru (d)King
(3) Vajji (a) Republic
(4) Shreni (c) Guild
(5) Parsvanatha (f) Tirthankara
(6) Buddha (e) Ashtangika Marg

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in a statement :

Question 1.
Sixteen Mahajanapadas are mentioned in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Bimbisara ruled from 543 to 492 AD.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 3.
The ministers were known as Chera.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Normal agriculture tax was IA of produce
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Sarthavaha was the leader of merchants.
Answer:
False

Question 6.
Gautama Buddha was son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
False

Question 7.
Jains believe that they had 24 Tirthankars.
Answer:
True

Question 8.
Gautama Budhha was not the son of Siddhartha.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Locate the rivers Ganga, Yamuna and Indus on the map of India.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Find books on the lives of the Buddha and Mahavira in your school library and read them. Note down the anecdotes in their lives which interest you.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India: From 600 B.C. – 400 B.C. Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Thirst or desire to get something is known as
(A) Tanha
(B) Prakrit
(C) Atman
(D) Vihara.
Answer:
(A) Tanha.

Question 2.
__________ are the Hindu religious books which literally means “approaching and sitting near.”
(A) Veda
(B) Upanishad
(C) Manu Smriti
(D) Epics.
Answer:
(B) Upanishad.

Question 3.
Followers of Vardhaman Mahavira are known as
(A) Jaina
(B) Buddha
(C) Mahavira
(D) Bhikkshu.
Answer:
(A) Jaina.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Followers of who beg food for themselves were known as Bhikkshu.
(A) Buddha
(B) Vishnu
(C) Mahavira
(D) Shiva.
Answer:
(A) Buddha.

Question 5.
__________ is a stage of life.
(A) Jati
(B) Varna
(C) Ashrama
(D) Purushartha.
Answer:
(C) Ashrama.

Question 6.
__________ was the founder of Buddhism.
(A) Mahavira
(B) Gautama Buddha
(C) Guru Nanak Dev
(D) Kabir.
Answer:
(B) Gautama Buddha.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 7.
Where did the Buddha die?
(A) Pataliputra
(B) Kaushambhi
(C) Magadha
(D) Kusinara.
Answer:
(D) Kusinara.

Question 8.
In __________ language the Buddha taught to the ordinary people?
(A) Hindi
(B) Gurmukhi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(C) Prakrit.

Question 9.
__________ language was used to compose the Vedas.
(A) Vedic Sanskrit
(B) Hindi
(C) Prakrit
(D) Devnagari.
Answer:
(A) Vedic Sanskrit.

Question 10.
Which of these, was a famous woman upanishadic thinker?
(A) Sita
(B) Gargi
(C) Draupadi
(D) Kunti.
Answer:
(B) Gargi.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name two famous republics.
Answer:
The Shakyas and the Lichchhvis were two famous republics.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 2.
Mention the names of two of the earliest kings of Magadha.
Answer:
Bimbisara and Ajatasatru were the two earliest kings of Magadha.

Question 3.
Name two dynasties which ruled over Magadha after the Haryanka dynasty.
Answer:
Shishunaga and Nanda dynasties.

Question 4.
Who was Mahapadma Nanda?
Answer:
Mahapadma Nanda was the most important ruler of the Nanda dynasty.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 5.
Which new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
Several new cities came into existence during 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. The important amongst these were Varanasi, Rajagriha, Shravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, and Patliputra.

Question 6.
Who were known as Amatyas?
Answer:
Ministers were known as Amatyas.

Question 7.
What was the most important source of income of early kingdoms and republics?
Answer:
Taxes.

Question 8.
Who was the founder of Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha.

Question 9.
In which Mahajanapada did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preach?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha preached in Magadha.

Question 10.
What was the position of king in India from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C.?
Answer:
The king held the supreme position. He was regarded as the protector of society and religion.

Question 11.
What message did Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha give to people?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira and Mahatma Buddha taught the people to lead a good life and not to do wrong.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 12.
Who were Sarthvahas?
Answer:
Merchants from 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. were known as Sarthvahas.

Question 13.
What is meant by Jina?
Answer:
Jina means conqueror.

Question 14.
Where was Vardhamana Mahavira born?
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundagram near Vaishali in Bihar.

Question 15.
What was the real name of Mahatma Buddha? Where was he born?
Answer:
The real name of Mahatma Buddha was Siddhartha. He was born at Lumbini in Nepal.

Question 16.
Who was the last Nanda King?
Answer:
Dhan Nanda was the last Nanda King.

Question 17.
Name some of the officials of kings of Mahajan- apadas.
Answer:
Amatyas or Mantries, Purohita, Senapati, Sangrahatri, Cher a and Gramini were some of. the important officials of kings of Mahajanapadas.

Question 18.
What was Ashrama?
Answer:
Whole of the life span was divided into four stages which were known as Ashramas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 19.
Name all four Ashramas.
Answer:
Brahmacharya Ashrama, Grihastha Ashrama, Vanaprastha Ashrama and Sanyasa Ashrama.

Question 20.
What were punch-marked coins?
Answer:
Coins in this age were punched with different symbols and these were known as punch-marked coins.

Question 21.
Which was the supreme body of monks in Buddhism?
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha founded the supreme body of monks which was known as the Buddhist Samgha.

Question 22.
What are Tripitaka?
Answer:
All the teachings of the Buddha are compiled in three major works which are known as Tripitaka.

Question 23.
What was Mahayana?
Answer:
Mahayana was one part of Buddhism which means the great vehicle and its followers believed in the idol worship of the Buddha as a god.

Question 24.
What was Hinayana?
Answer:
It was another part of Buddhism whose followers followed the original teachings of the Buddha and considered the Buddha as a great teacher.

Question 25.
What do you mean by Janapadas?
Answer:
Republics or monarchical states established in Northern India around 600 B.C.were known as Janapadas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 26.
What were Mahajanapadas?
Answer:
Mahajanapadas were the more powerful Janapadas. They were sixteen in number around 600 B.C.. Vatsa, Magadha, Kosala etc. were some of them.

Question 27.
What is meant by Shreni?
Answer:
Persons with some profession organized themselves into guilds or unions. These guilds or unions were known as Shrenis.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the period between 600 B.C. to 400 B.C. known as the period of the second urbanization?
Answer:
Several big cities came into existence during the period between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. These cities were called puras, nagaras or mahanagaras. Varanasi, Taxila, Ayodhya, Mathura, Rajagriha, Sravasti, Kaushambi, Vaishali, Champa, Ujjaiyini and Patliputra were some of the big cities. Because of the emergence of big cities, this period is known as the period of the second urbanisation. The first period of urbanisation was that of the Indus Valley Civilisation.

Question 2.
How did the position of a king grow in a kingdom? What sort of life did he lead?
Answer:
The Brahmanas made the position of the king very strong. They preached that the king was not an ordinary man. He was like a god among men. The Brahmanas also performed certain ceremonies to endow-the king with god-like virtues and powers. The king lived a splendid life. He lived in a big palace, married many wives and spent his days in comfort and luxury.

Question 3.
Write a note on the administration between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
The king was very powerful. He ruled the state with the help of Purohita, Amatyas (ministers), Senapati, Sangrahatri, Chera and Gramini. He had many other officers to carry out the works of the state. To carry out the expenses of the state, the king collected taxes. Some amount was spent on the welfare of the people and some amount was given to the Brahmanas to look after the temples. With this income, the king could pay his soldiers and other state officers.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 12 India: From 600 B.C. - 400 B.C.

Question 4.
Give a brief account of the life of Vardhamana Mahavira.
Answer:
Vardhamana Mahavira was born at Kundanpur near Vaishali in Bihar in 600 B.C. He was the son of a chief called Siddhartha and his mother was Trishala Rani. He was the 24th and last Tirthankara of Jainism. He left his home and wandered about for many years, trying to find the answers to the questions of life which troubled him. After twelve years six months and fifteen days, he attained the truth. He spent the rest of his life in spreading Jainism. He told his followers that their deeds should be based on Right Faith, Right Knowledge and Right Action. He died at the age of 72.

Question 5.
Throw some light on the life of Mahatma Buddha.
Answer:
Mahatma Buddha was bom at Lumbini in Nepalese Tarai. His father’s name was Shuddodhana and his mother was Mayadevi. His real name was Siddhartha and he belonged to a royal family. He was married to Princess Yasodhara and had a son, Rahul. He left home after he had seen a sick man, an old man, and a dead man. He thought that this world is full of sorrow and misery. He wandered in search of salvation and finally found enlightenment under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar. He founded Buddhism and preached his religion for forty years. He died at the age of 80.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the economic life of India between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C.
Answer:
Between 600 B.C. and 400 B.C. in India, the main occupations of people were agriculture and cattle-rearing. Peasants were normally the owners of the land. But there were also landless labourers who worked on others’ land for a living. Several types of crops such as wheat, rice, maize, barley, sugarcane, sesame, mustard, pulses, vegetables, and fruits were grown.

Other professions included industrial crafts and trade. Woodwork, pottery, leather tanning, shipbuilding, weaving, garland-making, iron-smithery, jewellery, ivory-work, and several other professions were adopted by people. Some people earned their livelihood by fishing, hunting, dancing, acting, snake-charming, etc. Persons following the same profession organized themselves into unions or guilds, called Shrines. Each guild had its own president or head.

Trade was carried on both within the country and with foreign lands. There were roads across the country, some of which connected with foreign lands or seaports. Goods were also carried through ships and boats in oceans and rivers. Merchants known as Sarthavaha carried goods from one place to the other and moved in caravans. Indian goods were in great demand in foreign countries. Copper and silver coins were used for transactions.

People had to pay taxes to the king. Normally 1/6th of agricultural produce was charged as tax from peasants. Taxes on industrial goods and trade were charged according to the value of the goods.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Vedic Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Write five sentences about the political life of the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
There were several tribal states in the early Vedic Age. These states often fought with each other. Each state had its own king who was generally selected for his strength and bravery. But later on, the kingship became hereditary. The king ruled according to the wishes of the tribe and he had various persons to assist him. The king’s duty was to protect the tribe. There were two important assemblies, namely Sabha and Samiti, with which the king discussed very important matters.

Question 2.
Which gods were worshipped by the Vedic people?
Answer:
The Vedic people worshipped gods of nature. Their main gods were Indra, Agni, Varuna, Soma, Prithvi, Surya, Pushan, Vishnu and Ashvins.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 3.
What do you know about the social life of the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The important points in the social life of the Vedic Age were as follows :
1. Varna System: The society was divided into four varnas. These varnas were Brahamanas, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas and fourth Varna. The varnas were based on occupation.

  • Brahmanas: The Brahamanas formed the intellectual class. They were devoted to study, teaching and religious affairs.
  • Kshatriyas: The Kshatriyas were the warrior class.
  • Vaisyas: Peasants and traders were included in the Vaishyas.
  • Slave class: Fourth Varna belonged to the slave class.

2. Family: Family consisted of father, mother, sisters and brothers. Joint family system was prevalent. Father headed the family. Each family wanted to have a son.

3. Position of Women: Women were given a great respect in society. They were educated and had the right to marry by their own choice. They participated in all social and religious ceremonies.

4. Food: The food of the Vedic people was simple but nourishing. Wheat, rice, pulses, fruit, vegetables, milk, butter and ghee were their main food items. Some people consumed non-vegetarian food also. They also consumed intoxicating items like Soma.

5. Dress and Ornaments: People wore turban, banian, shirt, dhoti, etc. Both men and women were fond of ornaments.

6. Means of Recreation: Hunting, chariot-races, horse-riding, dancing and singing, -gambling, etc. were the major means of recreation of people of the Vedic Age.

Question 4.
What were the economic activities of the Vedic people?
Answer:
Agriculture, cattle-rearing, workmanship and trade were the major economic activities of the Vedic people :
1. Agriculture: The Vedic people grew wheat, barley, cotton, rice, pulses, vegetables, etc. Fields were ploughed with the help of oxen.

2. Cattle-rearing: The Vedic people reared cow, horse, sheep, goat, ox, etc. Cow was held sacred and cow-slaughter was prohibited.

3. Workmanship: Iron-smiths, carpenters, chariot-makers, weavers, potters, etc. were the major workmen of the Vedic Age. People depended on them for their daily needs.

4. Trade: Trade was carried on both by land routes and by boats and ships in rivers and seas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 5.
Which rivers flowed in the land of Saptasindhu?
Answer:
Saptasindhu stands for the land of seven rivers. Punjab was known as the land of Saptasindhu in the Vedic Age. The rivers forming this land included the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj and Sarasvati.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
There were several small ________ in the early Vedic period.
Answer:
tribal states

Question 2.
The society was divided into four divisions, called the ________
Answer:
varnas

Question 3.
The main food items of the Vedic people were ________
Answer:
wheat and rice, pulses

Question 4.
The Vedic people were fond of ________
Answer:
outdoor games

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 5.
The Vedic people worshipped ________
Answer:
nature.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Vipasa (a) Political body
(ii) Sabha (b) Branch of Science
(iii) Ayurveda (c) A god
(iv) Varuna (d) A river

Answer:
Correct columns :

A B
(i) Vipasa (d) A river
(ii) Sabha (a) Political body
(iii) Ayurveda (b) Branch of Science
(iv) Varuna (c) A god

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Parushni is the name of a river.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Indra was the Vedic God of rain.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Cow was not sacred to Vedic people.
Answer:
False.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 4.
Women were not respected in Vedic Age.
Answer:
False.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods that are worshipped even today.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Collect a few hymns from the Vedas.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Vedic Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which of these is the oldest Hindu religious book?
(A) Vedas
(B) Ramayana
(C) Mahabharata
(D) Manu Smriti.
Answer:
(A) Vedas.

Question 2.
How many Vedas are there?
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answer:
(C) Four.

Question 3.
Which of these is the oldest Veda?
(A) Rigveda
(B) Yajurveda
(C) Atharvaveda
(D) Samveda.
Answer:
(A) Rigveda.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 4.
________were yoked to chariots.
(A) Bulls
(B) Horses
(C) Dogs
(D) Cows.
Answer:
(B) Horses.

Question 5.
Beginning of the composition of the vedas dated back to around years ago.
(A) 3500
(B) 1500
(C) 2500
(D) 500.
Answer:
(A) 3500.

Question 6.
________ were used for all types of work.
(A) Women
(B) Slaves
(C) Men
(D) Children.
Answer:
(B) Slaves.

Question 7.
Megaliths were found in
(A) South India
(B) North-East India
(C) Kashmir
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 8.
What was included in the offerings made’ in Yajnas.
(A) Ghee
(B) Grain
(C) Animals
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 9.
Why were battles fought?
(A) to capture cattles, land
(B) on the issue of water
(C) to capture people to make them slaves
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 10.
Who was Charaka?
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician
(B) Ancient King
(C) Famous ancient Indian mathematician
(D) Famous astrologer.
Answer:
(A) Famous ancient Indian physician.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How do you come to know about the Vedic Civilization? .
Answer:
We come to know about the Vedic Civilization from the hymns and the poems and the stories which were composed during the Vedic Age.

Question 2.
Why is the Aryan period known as the Vedic Age?
Answer:
The Aryan period is known as the Vedic Age because the four Vedas were composed in this period.

Question 3.
What was the language of the Aryans?
Answer:
The language of the Aryans was Sanskrit.

Question 4.
Name the river on the banks of which the Vedas were written.
Answer:
The Sarasvati.

Question 5.
What did the Aryans do to please their gods?
Answer:
To please their gods, the Aryans performed yajnas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 6.
In which part of India did the Aryans settle first?
Answer:
The Aryans at first settled in Punjab.

Question 7.
Make a list of the Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today.
Answer:
The Vedic people’s gods who are worshipped even today are Indra, Agni, Surya, etc.

Question 8.
Name the smallest unit of the Aryan society.
Answer:
Family.

Question 9.
Who was Senani?
Answer:
Senani was the commander of the warriors who assisted the king during a war.

Question 10.
What is Ashwamedha?
Answer:
Ashwamedha was a yajna performed by releasing a horse and claiming the land wherever it roamed.

Question 11.
Name the officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age.
Answer:
The officers who assisted the king during the Early Vedic Age were Purohita, Senani, Gramini and others.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 12.
What was Sabha?
Answer:
Sabha was a smaller assembly of selected people of the village.

Question 13.
What was Samiti?
Answer:
Samiti was the assembly of whole village community. In this assembly anyone could speak his mind about any problem.

Question 14.
What are Upanishads?
Answer:
Upanishads are parts of the Vedas.

Question 15.
Name all four Vedas. Which of these is the oldest?
Answer:
The Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda and the Atharvaveda are the four Vedas. The Rigveda is the oldest Veda out of all four Vedas.

Question 16.
What is meant by Arya?
Answer:
The meaning of Arya is ‘noble’. It means an educated and well mannered person.

Question 17.
Who were Rajan and Samrat?
Answer:
Head of the State was king and was generally succeeded by his son. He was known as Rajan and the more powerful kings were known as Samrat.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 18.
What was Soma and Sura?
Answer:
People consumed a drink on special occasions which v is known as Soma. But few people also consumed alcoholic liquor which was known as Sura.

Question 19.
Why was consumption of Sura condemned?
Answer:
Sura was a alcoholic liquor whose consumption was considered as bad. That’s why its consumption was condemned.

Question 20.
What do you mean by the Epics?
Answer:
The Epics are the poems narrating continuously great events of one or more heroes, about their bravery and the battle which they fought.

Question 21.
Who were the Aryans?
Answer:
The people of the Vedic Civilization are known as the Aryans. They came to India from Central Asia or North-Eastern Iran.

Question 22.
What is meant by Vish and Jana?
Answer:
The meaning of Vish was a clan which was a group of families. The people of the tribe were called Jana.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the religious beliefs and practice’s of the Vedic people?
Answer:
The religious beliefs and practices of the Vedic people were simple. They worshipped all forms of nature. They worshipped sun, moon, sky, rain, air, fire and trees like peepal and animals like cow. They did not make temples or statues of their gods and goddesses. They sang songs in their praise in the open. They performed yajnas to please their gods. Hymns were sung at the time of yajnas.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 11 The Vedic Age

Question 2.
Name the rivers the mention of which is found in the Rigveda.
Answer:
The mention of the rivers like the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab, Ravi, Beas, Satluj, Sarasvati, Yamuna and Ganga is found in the Rigveda. The Sarasvati was the most sacred river in the Vedic Age. The Punjab was known as Saptasindhu or the ‘Land of Seven Rivers’ after these rivers.

Question 3.
Describe the science and technology in the Vedic Civilization.
Answer:
Science and technology flourished during the Vedic Age. Mathematics and its branches like algebra, geometry and trigonometry were highly advanced. Astronomy and astrology were also well known. The Vedic people could calculate the movement of planets, occurrence of the eclipses of the sun and the moon and rotation of the earth on its axis and around the sun. The medical sciences were called Ayurveda and were fairly advanced.

Question 4.
Write few lines about ‘Rigveda’.
Answer:
The Rigveda is a collection of hymns in praise of nature god. It is the oldest book in the world. The Rigveda was not written by a single or one person but its hymns were written by a number of scholars, i.e. Rishis, over a long period of time and were included in it.

Question 5.
What is Vedic Literature?
Answer:
A number of books were written after the Vedas during a long period of time. Some of them explain the rituals mentioned in the Vedas, some of them are commentaries on the Vedas and few others are works of philosophy of religion. They are known as the Brahmans, Aranyakas, Upanishads and the Sutras. Together or collectively they are known as the Vedic Literature because they were composed during the long time of Vedic period.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the administrative set up of the Vedic Age.
Answer:
Society in the Vedic Age was divided into tribes and each tribe had settled in a particular region. Each tribe heeded a leader or head who would defend it from aggression by other tribes.

These tribes fought over grasslands where their animal herds would graze.

  1. King: King was the head of the tribal state. He ruled according to the wishes of the tribe. He was normally succeeded by his son. He was assisted by a number of persons.
  2. Senani: Senani was the commander-in-chief of the king’s army.
  3. Purohita: Purohita was the priest who performed the religious ceremonies for the king and advised him on various matters.
  4. Sabha and Samiti: Sabha and Samiti were the two most important assemblies where the king consulted the members of tribes to take a final decision.
  5. Gramini: Gramini was the head of the village. The king also consulted the Gramini.
  6. Messengers: There were messengers through whom the king made contact with his tribesmen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 7 Input Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Input Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………. is used to click photos on the computer.
(a) Headphone
(b) Web camera
(c) Speakers
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 2.
Bar code Reader consists of ……………
(a) Sensor
(b) Light
(c) Heat
(d) Magnetic.
Answer:
(a) Sensor

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 3.
………….. is a pointing device.
(a) Headphone
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Web Camera
Answer:
(c) Mouse

Question 4.
………….. is used to add text and picture in computer.
(a) Printer
(b) Scanner
(c) Speakers
(d) Mouse
Answer:
(b) Scanner

Question 5.
keys are used to. move cursor in all directions.
(a) Arrow
(b) Special
(c) Function
(d) Numeric.
Answer:
(a) Arrow.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which device is used to capture pictures on the computer?
Answer:
Web Camera.

Question 2.
Which part of Paint window is used to move screen?
Answer:
Window Border.

Question 3.
How many function keys are there on a keyboard?
Answer:
12.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 4.
Which device is used to control video games?
Answer:
Joy Stick.

Question 5.
Which keys are used to move cursor?
Answer:
Arrow Keys.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define input devices.
Answer:
Input devices are those devices which are used to enter data and instructions in the computer.

Question 2.
Write the name of any six input devices.
Answer:
The name of 6 input devices are :

  1. Keyboard
  2. Mouse
  3. Scanner
  4. Webcam
  5. Light Pen
  6. Joy Stick.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Joy Stick.
Answer:
Joy Stick is a pointing device which is used to give input to the computer. A Joy Stick consists of a base and a stick on it. This stick can be moved in all four directions. With the movement of the stick the mouse pointer moves on the computer screen. Joy Sticks are mainly used to play games on the computer.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain any two input devices.
Answer:
The two most commonly used input devices are :
1. Keyboard :
Keyboard is the main input device used in computers. This device is used to enter textual data to the computer. The keyboard is a flat device which has various keys on it. When a key is pressed on the keyboard, it is a special signal to the computer. There are many types of keys available on the keyboard. Also many types of keyboards are available in the market. The user can use the keyboard as per his convenience.

Types of Keys :
Keyboard has the following types of keys. These are :

  • Alphabetical Keys
  • Numeric Keys
  • Functional Key
  • Special Keys
  • Arrow Keys
  • Special Symbols Keys.

2. Mouse :
Mouse is an important input pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

3. Mouse Pad :
The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad. Mouse has following three buttons :

  • Left Button
  • Right Button
  • Scroll Button.

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code Reader.
Answer:
A Bar code reader (or Bar code scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed bar codes. Like a flat bed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different purposes. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of a scanner.

Question 3.
What is Mouse ? Explain the functions of Mouse Buttons.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input Pointing device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called a pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called a mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in the same direction.

Mouse has following three buttons :

  • Left Button
  • Right Button
  • Scroll Button

(i) Left Button :
Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When the left button on the mouse is pressed then it is called a “click” operation. When this button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with a single click.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

(ii) Right Button :
When we press the right button, it is called right click. It is used to open a shortcut menu.

(iii) Scroll Button :
It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of the left and right button of the mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move the screen up and down.

Question 4.
What are pointing devices? Explain with Examples.
Answer:
Pointing devices are those devices which are used to point on screen for or providing instructions to the computer. These devices are used on graphical user interfaces only. Most of these devices control the pointer on the computer screen. These are used to click or select command from the computer screen. There are lot of pointing devices used these days.

Few of these pointing devices are :

  • Mouse
  • Joy Stick
  • Light Pen

Question 5.
Explain Special Keys and their functions.
Answer:
As the name suggests special keys are used for special purposes. Each special key is used to perform a specal function. Some special keys with their functions are mentioned as under :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Group Activity:

Take the students to computer lab in a group to Identify the Keyboard’s keys. Let’s count and write the no. of keys of given type on your keyboard in a list below :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 1
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 3

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Input Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………… devices gives input to computer.
(a) Input
(b) Output
(c) Process
(d) Control.
Answer:
(a) Input

Question 2.
………………… sends pictures to computer.
(a) Mouse
(b) Web camera
(c) Light Pen
(d) Monitor.
Answer:
(b) Web Camera

Question 3.
…………………….. its used to play video games.
(a) Mouse
(b) Screen
(c) Joy Stick
(d) Keyboard.
Answer:
(c) Joy Stick

Question 4.
……………. is used to enter text.
(a) Mouse
(b) Touch Screen
(c) Keyboard
(d) Light Pen.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How many buttons does a common computer mouse has?
Answer:
Three.

Question 2.
What is Light Pen ?
Answer:
Light pen is an input device which is used to draw on screen.

Question 3.
What is Joy Stick ?
Answer:
Joy Stick is an input device used to control pointer on screen.

Question 4.
What is Touch Screen ?
Answer:
Touch screen is a display screen used to get input using fingers.

Question 5.
Name any 6 input devices.
Answer:
Keyboard, Mouse, Scanner, Touch pad, Bar code reader, Light pen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Question 6.
What is Biometric ?
Answer:
Biometric is an input device which gets the input from human body.

Question 7.
What is electronic signature pad ?
Answer:
It is an input device which is used to get digital signature of user.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Input Devices ?
Answer:
An input device is a device which is used to enter data and instructions in the computer, It means input devices read data into a computer system. It allows users to interact with computers and control it.

Question 2.
What is Microphone?
Answer:
Microphone is an input device which is used to input voice or audio in the computer. It is a mic, which is connected to computer using some wire. It is also used to give voice commands to computer.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Web Camera?
Answer:
A web camera is just like a digital camera attached to a computer. It gives pictures and videos as input to the computer. Web Camera is used to click photographs. It works similar to a digital camera, but the web camera saves photos on the computer. Web camera is not an expensive device. We can use this device for video conferencing.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Scanner?
Answer:
Scanner is an input device. It is used to add text and pictures on the computer. It works like a Photostat Machine. Scanner scans a picture or document and gives it to the computer in the form of a digital signal. Scanners are available in many types and shapes in the market.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Keybaord and its Keys.
Answer:
This is main Input Device. A Keyboard is a device with set of keys that enables you to enter text data in to a computer. A keyboard has many buttons which are called keys. A keyboard is used for typing letters, words, numbers and special symbols. It is a standard input device. Number of Keys on a keyboard can be vary among different types of keyboards.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 4

Types of Keys : Keyboard has following types of Keys. These are
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 5
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 6

Alphabetical Keys (A to Z) : Alphabet keys are used to type characters. These keys are present in the middle of the keyboard. All the keys A to Z are called alphabet keys.

Numeric Keys (0 to 9): The numeric keys are used to type numbers. These keys are present below the functional keys. On the right side of keyboard a special pad is present. It contains 17 keys. This key pad is called numeric key pad.This pad is similar to calculator, because along with numbers it also has mathematical signs and enter key. On the left top of the pad, a key named num lock is also provided. The Key’s of this key pad works if num lock is on. The status indicated by the indicator on the keyboard.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Functional keys (F1 to F12): These are 12 keys. These are from F1 to F12. These are located at the top of the keyboard. The function of these keys can be different for different program. Eg. F1 key is generally used for help
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 7

Special Keys: Each special key is used to perform a special function. Some special key with their functions are mentioned as under
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 8

Arrow Keys : These are used to move cursor. These are four in number. These can move up, down, left, right. Arrow Keys are used to
move the cursor in all directions.

Special Symbol Keys :
These are special symbols used in typing to represent some special meaning. These symbols are used to represent pause in sentence, full stop, arithmetic operations etc.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 9

Question 2.
Write a note on Bar Code.
Answer:
A Barcode reader (or Barcode scanner) is an electronic device for reading printed barcodes. Like a flatbed scanner, it consists of a light source, a lens and a light sensor translating optical impulses into electrical ones. It is used in shops, stores for different reasons. These are helpful in stores in order to maintain accurate and updated inventory monitoring. They can help to determine the price of an item. It is a fixed input gadget that is used to capture and read information enclosed in a bar code. This device consists of scanner.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 11

Question 3.
What do you mean by Mouse? Explain.
Answer:
Mouse is an important Input device. It is used to control cursor movements on the screen. It is a small hand holding device. It is also called pointing device. Generally it has three buttons. It is called mouse because of its shape. Mouse is rolled over a flat surface. As you move a mouse, the cursor also moves on the screen in same direction
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices - 10

Mouse pad : The pad on which we move the mouse is known as the Mouse pad.

Mouse has following three buttons:

  1. Left Button
  2. Right Button
  3. Scroll Button

Left Button : Generally left button is used for selecting an item or running a program. When left button on mouse is pressed then it is called “click” operation. When This button is pressed twice, it is called “Double Click”. The programs are opened with double click. While things are selected with single click.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 7 Input Devices

Right Button : When we press right button, it is called right-click. It is used to open shortcut Menu.

Scroll Button : It is just like a wheel fixed in the centre of left and right button of mouse. It rotates the screen which is called scrolling. It is used to move screen up and down.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 8 Output Devices

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Output Devices Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Monitor is soft and is hard output device.
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Printer

Question 2.
………….. is used to listen to sound of computer
(a) Printer
(b) Speaker
(c) Microphone
(d) Mouse.
Answer:
(b) Speaker

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 3.
……………. prints output on paper
(a) Printer
(b) Keyboard
(c) Mouse
(d) Speaker.
answer:
(a) Printer

Question 4.
……………. printer prints by joining dots
(a) Dot matrix
(b) Inkjet
(c) Laser
(d) None of these
answer:
(a) Dot Matrix

Question 5.
Monitors are of …………. types.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
answer:
(a) 2

Question 6.
Headphones are also called …………
(a) IPhone
(b) Earphone
(c) Both of these
(d) None of these
answer:
(b) Earphone.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are output devices?
Answer:
Output devices are those devices which are used to get output from the computer.
They can give us soft as well as hard copies of output.

Question 2.
What are Speakers?
Answer:
Speaker is an output device which is used to get sound output from the computer. It is connected to sound card in the computer.

Question 3.
Where is projector used ?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display the output in big size. These are mainly used in meetings or to display presentations to a large number of people. They are also used in the classroom for teaching.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 4.
What are the types of printers ?
Answer:
The different types of printers are :

  1. Dot Matrix printer
  2. Ink printer
  3. laser printer.

Question 5.
Write a note on Printer ?
Answer:
Printer is an output device which is used to get a hard copy of the output. They can print black and white as well as in color. There are many types of printers available these days. Printers give the output on paper.

Question 6.
Write the name of any three output devices.
Answer:
The name of three output devices are :

  1. Printer
  2. Monitor
  3. Speaker.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write note on the monitor and its types.
Answer:
Monitor is also called visual display terminal. It is used to get a soft copy of the output. It is the most common output device. It looks like a television screen.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

There are different kinds of monitors available these days:

  1. Cathode ray tube
  2. Flat panel display

1. Cathode ray tube monitor :
These monitors were used in earlier days. These monitors use cathode ray technology to display the information. These look like bulky television sets. The size of these monitors is measured by the diagonal length on the screen. Monitors are available in 15, 17, 19 and 21 inches screens. Initially these were black and white but now colored monitors are also available.

2. Flat panel display monitors:
These are the monitors which have a thin display portion. These are reduced in volume, weight and Pi requirement. These monitors can be hung up on the walls. We can see these monitors on calculators, video games, laptop computers etc. These monitors consume less power. Some examples of flat panel display monitors are LCD, LED and plasma.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 1.
Write the difference between Input and Output Devices.
Answer:
Following are the differences between input and output devices :

Input devices:

  1. These are used to give input to computer
  2. Data and instructions are given as input using these devices
  3. Input devices are available in large categories
  4. Some common input devices are keyboard, mouse, scanner, web camera

Output devices:

  1. These devices are used to get output from the computer
  2. After processing information is taken using these devices
  3. The categories of availability of in output devices is less
  4. The common output devices are printer, monitor, speaker

Activity
Let’s check our knowledge in the form of an activity. Count the devices in your school and fill in the boxes against their names. Also Tick (V) in the related box for each device type:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 4
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 6

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Output Devices Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Speakers give ………….. type of output.
(a) Speed
(b) Light
(c) Sound
(d) Text
Answer:
(c) Sound

Question 2.
Headphone work like ……………..
(a) Monitor
(b) Speaker
(c) Printer
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Speaker

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 3.
displays large images ………………
(a) Monitor
(b) Printer
(c) Projector
(d) Plotter
Answer:
(c) Projector

Question 4.
…………….. prints large images
(a) Printer
(b) Plotter
(c) Speaker
(d) Projector
Answer:
(b) Plotter.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name different types of output devices.
Answer:
Output devices are of following types:

  1. Monitor
  2. Printer
  3. Speaker
  4. Headphone
  5. Plotter
  6. Projector.

Question 2.
Name the types of monitors.
Answer:
Monitors are of two types:

  1. Cathode Ray Tube Monitor
  2. Flat Panel Display Monitor.

Question 3.
Where the projectors are used?
Answer:
Projectors are used to display large display to large number of audience.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 4.
Name the types of printers.
Answer:
Printers are of following types:

  1. Dot Matrix Printer
  2. Inkjet Printer
  3. Laser Printer

Question 5.
Writer a note on Plotter.
Answer:
Plotter is an output device which is used to print big sized text and images. It works like printer but on large scale. It is used in CAD. Plotters are of different types.

Question 6.
Name the devices which can be used as both input and output devices.
Answer:
Pendrive, CD, DVD, Modem, Touch Screen.

Question 7.
What are speakers?
Answer:
Speakers are output devices which are used to give audio output. We can listen music, songs etc. using speakers. Speakers are of many types.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 8.
What do you mean by headphones?
Answer:
Headphones are output device which work like speakers. They are used by placing in ears. They are also called ear phones.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are printers? Explain three types of printers.
Answer:
Printer prints output on paper. It is a hard output device. The output of printer is permanent. Its output can be preserved. Printers are available with different speed resolution and size in the market. Black and white as well as coloured Printers are available now a days. Coloured printers
give coloured printout.

Printers are of three types:

  1. Dot matrix Printer
  2. Inkjet Printer
  3. Laser Printer

Dot Matrix Printer:
This type of printers prints by joining dots. Its printing cost is very low.Its speed is slow and their printing output is very poor. It produces sound while working. The resolution of its printing is very low
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 1

Inkjet Printer:
This type of printer is an example of coloured printer. These printers are having less cost and it does not produce sound while working. Its speed is faster than dot matrix printer. The running cost of this type of printers is very high.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 2

Laser Printer:
This type of printers is both black and white as well as coloured. These printers are very costly. Their speed is very fast as compared to other printers. Their printing quality is very high. They work silently and their running cost is very low. These printers are most widely used due to their less running cost and very high printing quality.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices - 3

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 8 Output Devices

Question 2.
Differentiate between CRT and Flat Panel Display.
Answer:
CRT Monitor:

  1. CRT monitors are big in size
  2. CRT monitors are heavy
  3. They produce large amount of heat.
  4. They use more electricity
  5. CRT monitors are cheaper

Flat Panel Display Monitors:

  1. Flat panel monitors are small in size
  2. Flat panel monitors are light weight
  3. Flat panel produce very less heat
  4. They use less electricity
  5. These monitors are costly

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Food Where Does It Come From Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 2)

Question 1.
What are materials needed to prepare food items called?
Answer:
Ingredients.

Question 2.
What ingredients are used to prepare Kheer?
Answer:
Ingredients for preparing kheer are milk, rice, sugar, and dry fruits.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 4)

Question 1.
Which term is used for the part of plant we use as food?
Answer:
The plant parts which are used by us as food are called edible parts.

Question 2.
Which part of mango tree is edible?
Answer:
Fruit.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 6)

Question 1.
Name two animals which eat only plants or plant products?
Answer:
Cow and goat

Question 2.
Name two animals which eat only flesh?
Answer:
Lion and tiger.

Question 3.
Name two animals which eat both plants and animals?
Answer:
Cat and dog.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Food Where Does It Come From Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Materials needed to prepare food items are called ………………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) White part of egg is called …………………
Answer:
albumin

(c) Plants can prepare their own food by the process of ………………
Answer:
photosynthesis

(d) ……………… and ………………… of mustard is used as food.
Answer:
Leaves, seeds,

(e) Honeybee collects ………………… from flowers.
Answer:
nectar

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

2. Write True or False:

(a) All animals are carnivores.
Answer:
False

(b) Root of sweet potato is used as food.
Answer:
True

(c) Egg is not nutritional food as it contains no proteins.
Answer:
False

(d) Stem of sugarcane is used to prepare juice, sugar and jaggery.
Answer:
True

(e) Butter, curd and Honey are milk products.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Carrot (a) Pulses
2. Gram, Peas (b) Fruit
3. Wheat, Rice (c) Root
4. Potato (d) Cereals
5. Orange (e) Stem

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Carrot (c) Root
2. Gram, Peas (a) Pulses
3. Wheat, Rice (d) Cereals
4. Potato (e) Stem
5. Orange (b) Fruit

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is an omnivorous animal?
(a) Lion
(b) Eagle
(c) Dear
(d) Crow
Answer:
(d) Crow

Question (ii)
Which part of cabbage is used as food?
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Leaves
(d) None of above.
Answer:
(c) Leaves

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Exercise-2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are ingredients?
Answer:
The materials needed to prepare food items are called ingredients.

Question (ii)
Name any three milk products.
Answer:
Cheese, butter, curd, and cream.

Question (iii)
Name any two seeds which are used as spices.
Answer:
Ginger, and turmeric.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How are the seeds important source of human food?
Answer:
Seeds are important ingredients of our food. Pulses are seeds of gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are rich sources of protein. Cereals are seeds of grass plants like wheat, rice and maize. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Seeds of many plants are good sources of edible oils like mustard, groundnut and coconut.

Question (ii)
What is the importance of food for living beings?
Answer:
Food is very important because it

  1. provides energy to do work.
  2. helps in growth and development of body.
  3. protects us from diseases.
  4. keeps us healthy.
  5. helps in healing the injured body parts.

Question (iii)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from animals.
Answer:
We get different food ingredients from animals. Some of the examples are milk, eggs, meat, honey, etc.

Milk and Milk Products.
Milk is used worldwide as food. It is also converted into dairy products like cheese, butter, curd, cream etc. We use milk of buffalo, cow, goat and sheep. Milk contains proteins, sugar, fats and vitamins. It is very good for health.

Honey.
Honey is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. Honeybees collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey and store it in their hives. Honey contains sugar, Water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins. Honey is being used as food and medicine since ancient times.

Question (iv)
Write briefly about any two food products that we get from plants.
Answer:
We get different food products from plants. Examples are fruits, seeds, edible leaves, roots and stems.

Fruits.
Fruits are important source of vitamins and minerals and are also essential for good health. Fruits like apple, mango, guava, papaya, orange, etc. are eaten raw. Some fruits are also used to make pickles, jams and juices.

Seeds.
Seeds of many plants used as food and food ingredients.
Gram, peas, kidney beans and green gram (moong) are examples of pulses. These are rich sources of proteins.

Seeds of grass like crops e.g. wheat, rice and maize are known as cereals. These are good sources of carbohydrates. Wheat flour is used to make chapati, bread and biscuits.

Seeds of coriander (dhania), cumin (zeera) and black pepper are used as spices in kitchen. Oil of mustard seeds is used in cooking.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

7. Long Answer Type Question :

Question (i)
How can we categorise animals on the basis of their food habits? Explain with the help of examples.
Answer:
We can categorise animals on the basis of their food habits into three categories. These are :
(1) Herbivores,
(2) Carnivores and
(3) Omnivores.

(1) Herbivores are the animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores, e.g. cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

(2) Carnivores are the animals which eat other animals are called carnivores, e.g. lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

(3) Omnivores are the animals which eat both plant and animals are called omnivores, e.g. Crow, bear, dog and rat, man, etc.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Food Where Does It Come From Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The following root is eaten by us.
(a) Turnip
(b) Rose
(c) Brinjal
(d) Potato
Answer:
(a) Turnip

Question 2.
Fruit of following plant is a food to us.
(a) Wheat
(b) Tomato
(c) Spinach
(d) Sugarcane.
Answer:
(b) Tomato

Question 3.
Which is a herbivore :
(a) Goat
(b) Lion
(c) Hawk
(d) Dog
Answer:
(a) Goat

Question 4.
Cat is an example of :
(a) Herbivore
(b) Carnivore
(c) Omnivore
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) Omnivore

Question 5.
Milk product is :
(a) Curd
(b) Paneer
(c) Ghee
(d) All
Answer:
(d) All

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Food is prepared by using one or two or more ……………
Answer:
ingredients

(b) We get …………….. and ………………. from plants.
Answer:
fruits, vegetables

(c) Animals provide us …………….. and ……………..
Answer:
milk, meat

(d) Paddy is source of ……………….
Answer:
rice

(e) Some plants have more than one parts.
Answer:
edible

(f) Banana leaf is used as a ………………
Answer:
plate (saucer)

(g) Seeds of mustard give us …………….
Answer:
oil

(h) Honey-bees prepare honey from the ……………. of the flowers.
Answer:
nectar

(i) On the basis of eating habits, the living organisms are grouped into ………………. and ………………
Answer:
herbivores, carnivores, omnivores.

Write (T) against True and (F) against False statement:

(a) Plants are source of seeds, fruits, vegetables, spices etc.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

(b) Butter, cream, cheese and curd are milk products.
Answer:
True

(c) Roots of all plants can be eaten as food.
Answer:
False

(d) We can eat stems and flowers of some plants.
Answer:
True

(e) Turmeric is an example of spice.
Answer:
True

(f) Seeds of moong and kidney beans are example of pulses.
Answer:
True

(g) Plants can prepare their food by a process called respiration.
Answer:
False

(h) Lions and tigers eat other animals for their food so they are called carnivores.
Answer:
True

Match the following items given in column A with that in column B:

Column A Column B
(1) Lion Collect nectar
(2) Deer Photosynthesis
(3) Man Eat other animals
(4) Female mosquito Eat plants
(5) Honey bee Take food from plants and animals.
(6) Green plants Human blood.

Answer:
(1) Lion – Eat other animals
(2) Deer – Eat plants
(3) Man – Take food from plants and animals.
(4) Female mosquito – Human blood
(5) Honey bee – Collect nectar
(6) Green plants – Photosynthesis.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List five carnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores :

  1. Lion,
  2. Tiger,
  3. Wolf,
  4. Lizard,
  5. Vulture.

Question 2.
Give examples of five herbivores.
Answer:
Herbivores :

  1. Deer,
  2. Goat,
  3. Elephant,
  4. Cow,
  5. Buffalo.

Question 3.
List three omnivores.
Answer:

  1. Man,
  2. Dog,
  3. Crow.

Question 4.
Which parts of plant are edible?
Answer:
Root, stem, leaf, flower i.e. all parts of a plant are edible.

Question 5.
Which food product is prepared by bees?
Answer:
Honey.

Question 6.
Name plants whose seeds are eaten as food.
Answer:
Moong, chana, peas, wheat etc.

Question 7.
Should we eat unknown plants? Why?
Answer:
No, we should not do so because some plants are poisonous.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Question 8.
Where is nectar collected from and stored by bees?
Answer:
Nectar is collected from flowers and stored in their beehives.

Question 9.
Name some stems which are used as spices?
Answer:
Ginger and turmeric.

Question 10.
List four food products are that obtained from animals?
Answer:

  1. Milk,
  2. eggs,
  3. meat and
  4. honey.

Question 11.
Name four food items prepared from milk.
Answer:

  1. Curd,
  2. cream,
  3. butter and
  4. cheese.

Question 12.
Why do we need to take food?
Answer:
For getting energy and for doing various physical activities.

Question 13.
How can you classify foods?
Answer:
Classification of food. Classification of food is done in the following categories :

  1. Energy giving food
  2. Body building food
  3. Protective food.

Question 14.
Name four examples of animals which (i) give us milk and (ii) give us meat to eat.
Answer:
Animals which give us milk are (i) Cow (ii) Buffalo (iii) Goat (iv) Camel.
Animals which give us meat are (i) Pig (ii) Goat (iii) Chicken (iv) Sheep.

Question 15.
Name two animals which give us eggs to eat.
Answer:

  1. Hen
  2. Duck.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between carnivores, herbivores and omnivores.
Answer:
Carnivores. These are the animals which obtain their food by eating other animals. Examples are lion, tiger, lizard, snake, etc.

Herbivores. Animals which eat only plants and plant products are called herbivores. Examples are cow, goat, rabbit, sheep, deer, elephant, etc.

Omnivores. Animals which eat both plants and animals are called omnivores. Examples are crow, bear, dog, rat, etc. Humans can also eat all types of substances, so they are also an example of omnivores.

Question 2.
Differentiate between pulses and cereals.
Answer:
Pulses are the seeds of plants like gram, peas, kidney beans, green gram (moong). These are good source of proteins.

Cereals are the seeds of plants like wheat, rice, maize, etc. These are good source of carbohydrates.

Question 3.
What are the main sources of food for different animals including man? Give examples.
Answer:
All animals and humans get their food from plants and other animals.
Food from plants : grains, pulses, fruits, vegetables, spices.
Food from Animals : milk, meat, milk products, etc.

Question 4.
Why are plants called producers and animals are called consumers?
Answer:
We know plants can synthesis their food by using carbon dioxide and water from the surrounding using the green pigment called chlorophyll and sunlight. For this reason these are called producers. On the other hand, animals cannot synthesise their food like plants so they depend upon plants or other animals for their food. Hence they are called consumers.

Question 5.
Why is a man called an omnivorous animal?
Answer:
Man is called an omnivorous animal because he eats both, plant food (such as grains, pulses, fruits and vegetables) as well as meat of animals (such as goat, chicken and fish). ‘Omnivorous animals’ are also called ‘Omnivores’.

Question 6.
Give examples of plants which have (i) roots, (ii) leaves and (iii) stems as edible parts.
Answer:
(i) We eat roots of carrot, radish, turnip, sweet potato, etc.
(ii) We eat leaves of mustard, spinach, cabbage, coriander, mint, etc.
(iii) We eat stems of ginger, potato, onion, sugarcane, turmeric, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From

Question 7.
We eat fruits and seeds of some plants. Give some examples of such plants.
Answer:
We eat fruits of plants like mango, apple, guava, papaya, orange, etc. On the other hand we eat seeds of pulses, cereals, etc.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give the main ingredients and their sources for the following food items. Kheer, matar paneer, chapati/roti, karhi and parantha
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 1 Food Where Does It Come From 1

Question 2.
Write a short note on honey and milk.
Answer:
Honey.
It is sweet and thick fluid produced by honeybees. They collect nectar from flowers and convert it into honey. Sugar, water, minerals, enzymes and vitamins are the main ingredients of honey. Honey is stored in the beehives. It is in use as food and medicine since ancient times.

Milk.
It is known as complete food as it gives us all ingredients like fats, proteins, carbohydrates, minerals and vitamins. It is a food consumed all over the world. It can also be converted into many other products like cheese, butter, curd, cream, etc. We obtain milk from animals like buffalo, cow, goat, camel, sheep, etc.

Question 3.
Write down the functions or importance of food.
Answer:
Food is essential for all living organisms because of the following reasons :
(i) It provides energy. The food that we eat is digested, absorbed and then oxidised to
provide energy. The energy thus released, is utilised by all living organisms to perform various
activities like running, walking and various movements.

(ii) It helps in growth and development. The food provides all necessary materials for cell division and helps in growth and development.

(iii) It helps to overcome wear and tear. Food is also needed by living beings for replacement and reparing of their damaged parts.

(iv) It protects the body against diseases. Food gives us resistance against diseases and protects us from infection.

Question 4.
Write short notes on eggs and meat as food items.
Answer:
Eggs and meat are food items obtained from animals. People who eat eggs and meat are known as non-vegetarians.

(i) Eggs. Eggs are also a very common food item for people. We commonly eat eggs produced by hens and ducks. The eggs we eat have a hard shell outside. Inside this shell we have a white part called albumin and a yellow part called yolk. Albumin is rich in proteins whereas yolk is rich in fats.

(ii) Meat. We eat the flesh of some animals which is known as meat. Meat is also eaten by a large number of people all over the world. We generally eat the meat of goat, sheep, chicken, and fish. All types of meat have proteins and fats as the main ingredient. In addition, we also eat sea animals like prawns, oysters, crabs, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

by

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief:

Question 1.
Name some important cities of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
Some important cities of the Harappan Civilization were Harappa, Mohenjodaro, Lothal, Kalibangan, Banawali, etc.

Question 2.
What do you know about the social life of the Indus Valley people?
Answer:
The social life of the Indus Valley people was highly developed. The people ate wheat, barley, rice, pulses, fruits, vegetables, and drank milk. They also ate meat and fish. Both cotton and woollen clothes were worn. The women wore a long skirt and blouse, the skirt being held at the waist by a girdle. The men wrapped long pieces of cloth around themselves. Both men and women were fond of fashion and wearing ornaments. Rich people wore gold, silver and precious stones whereas the poor people wore jewellery made of bones, terracotta and semi-precious beads.

People were fond of games. Dancing and singing, playing of dice and chess, hunting, etc. were the main sources of amusement. For the children, there were toys made of clay.

Question 3.
Write a note on the town planning of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
The town planning of the Indus Civilization was remarkable. The cities were usually divided into two parts. The upper part built on raised platforms was the citadel. It included the public buildings, the granaries, the more important workshops and the religious buildings. The lower part was inhabited by common people. If the city was attacked or threatened by floods, the inhabitants of the lower city found refuge in the citadel. The cities had wide and straight roads and streets that intersected at right angles. The drainage system was quite good that helped in the cleanliness of cities.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 4.
What were the causes of the decline of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The Harappan Civilization lasted for about a thousand years. By 1500 B.C., when the Aryans began to arrive in India, the Harappan Civilization had collapsed. Nothing can be said in certain how this civilization declined.

Various scholars have mentioned different reasons for the decline of the Harappan Civilization.

  • The Aryans waged a war against the people of the Harappan Civilization and defeated them. Consequently, the Harappan Civilization was ruined. But this view is not supported these days.
  • Regular floods in the river Indus and its tributaries destroyed this civilization.
  • About 1900 B.C. the river Sarasvati got dried and the Harappan people moved towards east in the Ganga plain.
  • Earthquakes or an epidemic destroyed this civilization.
  • The climate began to change and the region became more and more dry, like a desert. It resulted in unproductivity of the land.

Question 5.
What were the economic activities of the Indus Valley Civilization people?
Answer:
The Indus people led a prosperous economic life. Agriculture was the main occupation of the people. Plenty of wheat, barley and cotton were grown. Animals like sheep, bulls, cows, pigs, camels and elephants were reared. People living in cities were traders. They had good trade contacts with foreign lands like Mesopotamia. Pottery and brick-making were important industries. Metal workers made tools and implements. Women were engaged in spinning and weaving.

Question 6.
Write about any two centres of Harappan Civilisation in Punjab.
Answer:
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in the Ludhiana district. This town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist. A number of statues and utensils of Indus valley have been found here. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water.

2. Sunat: This site is also situated in Ludhiana district. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found here give us good information about the last period of Harappan Civilization.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Harappan civilization was about ________ times bigger than the Egyptian civilization.
Answer:
20

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 2.
In Punjab, ________, ________, ________ and ________ yielded remains of this civilization.
Answer:
Sanghol, Rohira, Surat, Kotla Nihang Khan

Question 3.
Houses were made of ________ and ________
Answer:
baked bricks, wood

Question 4.
A large ________ hall has been discovered at Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
pillared

Question 5.
Men and women were fond of jewellery and ________
Answer:
other fashions

Question 6.
The people worshipped ________
Answer:
Mother Goddess

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 7.
The Peepal tree was considered ________
Answer:
sacred.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A B
(i) Pasupati (a) Port city
(ii) Mohenjodaro (b) Writing
(iii) Lothal (c) God
(iv) Pictograph (d) Great Bath

Answer:
Correct columns:

A B
(i) Pasupati (c) God
(ii) Mohenjodaro (d) Great Bath
(iii) Lothal (a) Port city
(iv) Pictograph (b) Writing

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Ropar (Roopnagar) is located in Pakistan.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Mother Goddess was not worshipped by the Harappan people.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 3.
Punjab has no remains of the Indus Civilization.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The Indus people did not know the art of writing.
Answer:
False

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit the museum and see the excavated articles of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
On a map of India mark the cities of the Harappan civilization.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 3.
Draw sketches of the seals and the jewellery of the Harappan people and display them in your class.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Harappan Civilization Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name some special buildings which were constructed on the citadel.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate Store houses
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 2.
Which of these materials is used to make things found by archaeologists in Harappan cities?
(A) Stone
(B) Metal
(C) Shell
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 3.
Which of these metals was used in Harappan civilisation?
(A) Gold
(B) Copper
(C) Silver
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The weights were generally made of ________
(A) Chert
(B) Silver
(C) Gold
(D) Stone.
Answer:
(A) Chert.

Question 5.
The Harappan also made seals out of ________
(A) Gold
(B) Silver
(C) Stone
(D) Chert.
Answer:
(C) Stone.

Question 6.
Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and
(A) vessels
(B) chariots
(C) weights
(D) none of these.
Answer:
(A) vessels.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 7.
________ was a very special tank found in Mohenjodaro.
(A) The Great Bath
(B) Fire altars
(C) Elaborate storehouses
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) The Great Bath.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time. When did they excavate?
Answer:
The Indians who started excavations in Harappa for the first time were Daya Ram Sahni and R.D. Banerjee. They excavated in 1921-22 A.D.

Question 2.
What was found at Lothal (Gujarat)?
Answer:
The ruins of a port were found at Lothal (Gujarat).

Question 3.
Which pictures were mostly depicted on seals found out during excavations?
Answer:
The pictures of animals, birds, trees and gods and goddesses were depicted on seals.

Question 4.
Which was the oldest city discovered in India?
Answer:
The oldest city discovered in India was Mohenjodaro. Now it is in Pakistan.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 5.
Name the people with whom the Harappans had trading contacts.
Answer:
The Harappans had trading contacts with the Sumerians.

Question 6.
Which was the centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Lothal (Gujarat) was the main centre of foreign trade in India during the Harappan Civilization.

Question 7.
Name the script used by the Harappan people. Has it been deciphered by now?
Answer:
The Harappan people used the pictographic script. This script has not yet been deciphered.

Question 8.
Which metals did the Harappan people use?
Answer:
The Harappan people used copper, bronze, lead, tin, silver and gold.

Question 9.
Name a tree which the Harappan people treated as sacred.
Answer:
Peepal.

Question 10.
Which crops were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
Wheat and barley were widely grown during the Harappan Civilization.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 11.
When did the Harappan Civilization come to light?
Answer:
Harappan civilization came to light with the Harappan discovery located in Montgomery district of Punjab and Mohenjodaro in the Larkana district of Sind in 1921-22.

Question 12.
Why was a large pillared hall used at Mohenjodaro?
Answer:
Large pillared hall was probably used for public meetings or for some religious purpose.

Question 13.
Which ornaments were used by the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan women wore necklaces, bangles, ear-rings, etc. and men wore earrings, bracelets and pendants.

Question 14.
Which were the favourite pastime games of the Harappan people?
Answer:
Harappan people were fond of both outdoor and indoor games. Playing of dice and chess, dancing, racing, hunting etc. were some of their favourite pastimes.

Question 15.
Which Gods and Goddesses were worshiped by the Harappan. people?
Answer:
Harappan people worshiped Mother Goddess. They also worshiped, Pasupati the another name of God Siva. He was also worshiped in the form of Sivalinga.

Question 16.
When Indus Valley Civilization came to an end?
Answer:
Around 1500 B.C., Indus Valley Civilization came to an end.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 17.
What was Granary?
Answer:
In the citadel at Harappa, the most impressive buildings were the granaries. These buildings were neatly laid out in rectangles and in them grain was stored.

Question 18.
What was the Great Bath?
Answer:
The best known building in the Mohenjodaro citadel was the Great Bath. It was 39 feet long, 23 feet broad and 8 feet deep.

Question 19.
What is meant by Pictographs?
Answer:
The Harappan people knew how to write apd their language was written in picture like signs, called pictographs.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is the Harappan Civilization also called the .Indus Valley Civilization?
Answer:
The cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro were discovered in the Indus Valley. Some other sites sharing the same culture were found in the Indus Valley. That is why the Harappan Civilization is also called the Indus Valley Civilization.

Question 2.
Describe the buildings of the Harappan Civilization.
Answer:
The buildings of the Harappan Civilization were built of baked bricks. The walls were plastered and coloured. The roofs were flat. The buildings had a few windows and plenty of doors. In the building, there was a courtyard. Some buildings had their own wells. Every building had its own bathroom and kitchen.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Question 3.
What do you know about the roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization?
Answer:
The roads and streets of the Harappan Civilization were well planned. They were wide. They ran straight and intersected one another at right angles. The houses were built on both sides of streets.

Question 4.
Describe the Great Bath of Mohenjodaro.
Answer:
The Great Bath is the most remarkable structure found in Mohenjodaro. It was a common bathing place. It had galleries all around. There were many rooms on either side, for changing dress. On one side, there were steps leading into the bath. Arrangements were made to drain the used water through a network of the drainage system.
PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization 1
The Great Bath at Mohenjodaro

Question 5.
Discuss the religion of the Harappan people.
Answer:
We cannot give any definite opinion about the religion of the Harappan people. No temples or houses of worship could be traced from the ruins so far. The female terracotta figurines discovered from various sites indicate that people worshipped Mother Goddess. Some seals bearing the picture of Pasupati (God Shiva) have been found. He was also worshipped in the form of Sivalinga. The Harappan people also worshipped bull and peepal tree.

Question 6.
Which were the main centres of the world’s earliest civilizations?
Answer:
There were four main centres of the world’s earliest civilization and these were :

  • The Valley of river Nile (Egypt)
  • The Valley of rivers Tigris and Euphrates (Mesopotamia)
  • The Valley of river Indus (Indus Valley)
  • The Valley of rivers Hwang-Ho and Yangtse Kiang.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 10 The Harappan Civilization

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the centres of the Harappan Civilization in Punjab.
Answer:
During excavations, the Archaeological Department of Punjab has discovered several places in Punjab which belong to the Harappan Civilization.

A brief account of these centres is as follows :
1. Sanghol: Sanghol is situated in District Ludhiana. The town was excavated in 1968 A.D. by S.S. Talwar and R.S. Bist There have been found many utensils and statues of the Harappan Civilization. This centre had a big trench which always remained full with water. It was built so that the city could be protected from enemies.

2. Rohira: Rohira, is situated in Sangrur District. This place was excavated in 1976-1977 A.D. There found the utensils, bricks, and toys made of clay, etc. It looks like that the Harappan Civilization and the Rohira Civilization had been contemporary to each other.

3. Sunat: Sunat is situated in Ludhiana District. It was excavated in 1983-84 A.D. The remains found at Sunat give us great information about the last period of the Harappan Civilization.

4. Kotla Nihang Khan: Kotla Nihang Khan is situated in District Ropar. It was discovered in 1953 A.D. by Y.D. Sharma The utensils, tools, and ornaments found here are very much similar to those found in the Harappan Civilization.