Class 6 – Page 40 – PSEB Solutions

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

January 18, 2024January 17, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Getting to Know Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.63)

Question 1.
Rose plant is a ………………
Answer:
Shrub.

Question 2.
Mango plant is a ………………
Answer:
Tree.

Question 3.
Wheat plant is a ……………….
Answer:
Herb.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.65)

Question 1
………….. help in absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Answer:
Roots.

Question 2.
Why does plant in pot B, wilt ?
Answer:
Because, its roots have been cut.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.66)

Question 1.
It is not easy to pull out a plant from the soil because it has strong ……………….
(i) Roots
(ii) Flower
(iii) Stem
(iv) Leaves.
Answer:
(i) Roots.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.67)

Question 1.
…………… always grows upwards.
Answer:
Stem.

Question 2.
Why white flower of balsam plant show specks of red colour ?
Answer:
Because, the coloured water moves through the stem. This proves that stems help in movement of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.69)

Question 1.
What are stomata ?
Answer:
Small pores on the surface of a leaf are called stomata.

Question 2.
Define transpiration.
Answer:
Loss of water vapour from plants through stomata is called transpiration.

Exercise – 1

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Getting to Know Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) ……………… roots do not have any main root.
Answer:
Fibrous

(b) The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called ……………….
Answer:
Venation

(d) The stem of a tree is called ……………….
Answer:
Trunk

2. Write True or False:

(a) Loss of water from leaves is called transpiration.
Answer:
True

(b) Chlorophyll is responsible for the green colour in leaves.
Answer:
True

(d) Stamen is the female reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Root	(a) protects the flower in bud
2. Climber	(b) absorbs water
3. Sepal	(c) keeps the plant upright
4. Stem	(d) money plant

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Root	(b) absorbs water
2. Climber	(d) money plant
3. Sepal	(a) protects the flower in bud
4. Stem	(c) keeps the plant upright

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Mango plant is a …………….
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) Root.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question (ii)
Photosynthesis takes place in:
(a) Stem
(b) Root
(c) Pistill
(d) Leaves.
Answer:
(d) Leaves.

Question (iii)
The points on the stem where leaves grow are called:
(a) Buds
(b) Nodes
(c) Axiles
(d) Internodes.
Answer:
(b) Nodes

Question (iv)
The process of losing water by leaves is known as:
(a) Absorption
(b) Transpiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Anchorage.
Answer:
(b) Transpiration

Exercise – 2

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the flat green portion of a leaf called ?
Answer:
Leaf blade or Lamina is a flat green portion of a leaf.

Question (ii)
What is venation ? Write its different types.
Answer:
The arrangement of veins in a leaf is called venation. It is of two types.

Parallel venation
Reticulate venation.

Question (iii)
What is calyx ?
Answer:
Collection of sepals (the outermost green leafy structure) is called calyx.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the difference between tap root and fibrous root ?
Answer:

Tap root	Fibrous root
(1) Penetrate deep into soil	(1) Shallow and do not penetrate deep.
(2) Have long main root.	(2) Do not contain any main root.
(3) Roots are of different thickness.	(3) Roots are of same thickness
(4) For example: Radish, neem, mango etc.	(4) For example: Grass, wheat, banana etc.

Question (ii)
Write the main functions of leaves.
Answer:
Main functions of leaves are :

To prepare food from carbon dioxide and water, in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight called Photosynthesis.
Stomata present in leaves help in exchange of gases.
Transpiration is performed by stomata in leaves.
In some plants leaves are used for protection. For example opuntia.

Question (iii)
What are creepers ? Give one example.
Answer:
The Herbs which have weak stem that cannot stand upright and spread on ground called creepers.
For example : Pumpkin.

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
What are the different parts of a leaf ? Explain with labelled diagram.
Answer:
Parts of the leaf are : Petiole, Lamina, Leaf base, midrib and veins.
(1) Petiole. The leaf is attached to stem by a short stalk called Petiole.
(2) Lamina. The flat, green, expanded portion of leaf called Lamina or leaf blade.
(3) Leaf base. The end of Lamina joining the petiole is called leaf base.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 1
(4) Midrib. The thick vein in the middle of the leaf called midrib.
(5) Veins. The lines on leaf called veins.

Question (ii)
Draw the diagram of a flower and describe its parts.
Answer:
Flower is an attractive, colourful and beautiful part of flowering plant. It is attached to stem by pedicel.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 2
Parts of a Flower :
Parts of flower consist of : Sepals, petals. Stamens, Pistil.

Sepals. Outermost green leaves are sepals and collectively claled calyx. It protect flower in bud stage.
Petals. The coloured leaf like structure are petals, and collectively called Corolla. Petals attract insects for pollination.
Stamens. It is the male part of flower. It consist of :
(a) Filament : The thin stalk
(b) Anther. The two lobed head that produes pollen grans.
Pistil. It is the female part of flower and is a flask shaped structure in the middle of flower. It consists of :
(a) Ovary. Lower broader portion and contains ovary. It takes part in reproduction.
(b) Style. Narrow middle portion.
(c) Stigma. Sticky end at top of style

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Getting to Know Plants Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Example of climber is :
(a) grape vine
(b) gourd plant
(c) maize
(d) rose.
Answer:
(a) grape vine

Question 2.
Reticulate venation is found in the leaves of:
(a) rose plant
(b) mango plant
(c) money plant
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 3.
The most prominent part of a bud is:
(a) sepal
(b) petal
(c) stamen
(d) pistil
Answer:
(b) petal

Question 4.
The number and colour of petals of rose plants are:
(a) one
(b) two
(c) five
(d) many.
Answer:
(d) many.

Question 5.
The process of producing food by leaves is:
(a) Photosynthesis
(b) Venation
(c) Herb
(d) Stimulus.
Answer:
(a) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
A change that produces a reaction in an organism is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Venation.
Answer:
(b) Stimulus

Question 7.
The process by which living organisms make energy is:
(a) Respiration
(b) Stimulus
(c) Venation
(d) Photosynthesis.
Answer:
(a) Respiration

Question 8.
Tulsi is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Herb

Question 9.
Palm is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Tree

Question 10.
Rose is a:
(a) Herb
(b) Shrub
(c) Tree
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Shrub

Question 11.
Guava, papaya and banana are:
(a) flowering plants
(b) non-flowering plants
(c) stem
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) flowering plants

Question 12.
The autotrophs are:
(a) All animals
(b) All animals and plants
(c) All green plants
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) All green plants

Question 13.
Carrot, radish and turnip are:
(a) Modified stem
(b) Modified root
(c) Modified leaf
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Modified root

Question 14.
Which of the following is not a part of flower?
(a) Petals
(b) Sepals
(c) Pistil
(d) Lamina.
Answer:
(d) Lamina.

Question 15.
Potato is an underground:
(a) Root
(b) Leaf
(c) Stem
(d) Fruits.
Answer:
(c) Stem

Question 16.
Horse is an animal:
(a) Carnivorous
(b) Herbivorous
(c) Omnivorous
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Herbivorous

Question 17.
The growth in animals is:
(a) Reversible
(b) Irreversible
(c) Uncertain
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Irreversible

Question 18.
Which one of the following is a unicellular animal ?
(a) Jelly fish
(b) Mimosa pudica
(c) Amoeba
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(c) Amoeba

Question 19.
Green plants prepare their own food with the help of:
(a) carbon dioxide
(b) water
(c) sunlight
(d) all of the above.
Answer:
(d) all of the above.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants having hard, taller and thicks stem are called ……………….
Answer:
trees

(b) Some unwanted plants grown along with crop are …………………
Answer:
weeds

(d) Climbers take ……………… on neighbouring structures and climb up.
Answer:
support

(e) Stem …………….. water.
Answer:
conducts

(f) There are ……………… tubes inside stem which transport water and mineral to leaves.
Answer:
narrow

(g) The part of a leaf by which it is attached to the stem is called …………….. .
Answer:
Petiole

(h) The thick vein in the middle of leaf is ……………… .
Answer:
midrib

(i) Plants release a lot of water into ………………. through transpiration.
Answer:
air

(j) Roots ………….. the plant to the soil.
Answer:
anchor

(k) There exists a relation between type of a root and leaf ……………….
Answer:
venation

(l) Some roots like …………… ,…………… and …………….. eaten as food.
Answer:
carrot, radish, turnip

(m) …………… are the coloured parts of a flower.
Answer:
Petals

(n) Small bead like structure inside the ovary are ……………. .
Answer:
ovules

(o) Never ……………… flowers.
Answer:
pluck

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Plants having small, green and tender stem are called Shrubs.
Answer:
False

(b) Grape vine is an example of a creeper.
Answer:
False

(d) Plants with parallel venation have fibrous roots.
Answer:
True

(e) Photosynthesis process is done in stems of plants.
Answer:
False

(f) Grass, wheat, maize have flowers.
Answer:
False

(g) Sepals are coloured part of a flower.
Answer:
False

(h) Marigold is group of flowers.
Answer:
True

(i) Different flowers have different number of stamens.
Answer:
True

(j) Pistil of all flowers is same.
False

Match the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) Root	Making food.
(2) Stem	Absorbing salts and water.
(3) Leaf	Supplying food to the plant.
(4) Seed	Creating a new plant.

Answer:
(1) Root – Absorbing salts and water
(2) Stem – Supplying food to the plant
(3) Leaf – Making food
(4) Seed – Creating a new plant.

Match the items given in column A with those given in column B in the following:

Column A	Column B
(1) Neem	Storage of food
(2) Radish	Modified stem
(3) Potato	Tap root
(4) Tendrils	Photosynthesis
(5) Chlorophyll	Grapevine

Answer:
(1) Neem – Tap root
(2) Radish – Stroage of food
(3) Potato – Modified stem
(4) Tendrils – grapevine
(5) Chlorophyll – Photosynthesis.

Very Short ANswer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define Trees.
Answer:
Trees. The tall plants having a single strong stem branched at top are called trees.

Question 2.
Give two examples of herbs.
Answer:
Herbs. Wheat, balsam.

Question 3.
Which type of plants are Moss, Algae and Fern ?
Answer:
Non-flowering type.

Question 4.
Which part of a flower attracts insects ?
Answer:
Petals (colourful part) attracts insects.

Question 5.
Bud is protected by some leaves. What are they known as ?
Answer:
Sepals protect the bud.

Question 6.
Name two root systems found in plants.
Answer:
Two roots systems in plants are :

Tap root
Fibrous root.

Question 7.
What are parts of a leaf ?
Answer:
Parts of a leaf are :

Lamina
Midrib
Petiole.

Question 8.
Which underground stems are used as food ?
Answer:
Potato, Ginger.

Question 9.
Name different parts of a flower.
Answer:
Parts of a flower,

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils.

Question 10.
Name reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:

Stamen
Pistil.

Question 11.
Name the male reproductive part of a flower.
Answer:
Stamen.

Question 12.
In which part of a flower ovary is found ?
Answer:
Pistil.

Question 13.
How plants are classified on the basis of size and structure ?
Answer:
Herbs, shrubs and trees.

Question 14.
What are shrubs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Medium sized plants within branches starting just above the ground are shrubs, e.g. heena, lemon etc.

Question 15.
What are herbs ? Give examples.
Answer:
Herbs. Small and non-woody plants are herbs e.g. wheat, balsam.

Question 16.
What is photosynthesis ?
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process by which green leaves produce food for plants in the presence of sun light, water and carbon dioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 17.
Why are leaves generally green ?
Answer:
The green colour of leaves is because of presence of chlorophyll.

Question 18.
What are non-flowering plants ? Give example ?
Answer:
The plants which do not bear flowers are non-flowering plants e.g. Moss, algae, fern.

Question 19.
What are Creepers ?
Answer:
Creepers. Plants which run on the ground are creepers.

Question 20.
What are Climbers ?
Answer:
Climbers : Plants which need support to stand up are climbers.

Question 21.
Define node ?
Answer:
Node. The part of stem where branches and leaf attached are called nodes.

Question 22.
Define Internode.
Answer:
Internode. The part of stem between two consecutive nodes is intemode.

Question 23.
What is difference between the stems of shrub and tree ?
Answer:
Stem of shrub is hard and thin but that of tree is hard and bulky.

Question 24.
Name two flowers with joined sepals ?
Answer:
Dhatura and Loki.

Question 25.
Name two flowers with separate sepals ?
Answer:
Gurkal and mustard.

Question 26.
What is a cell ?
Answer:
Cell. A cell is a structural and functional unit of life.

Question 27.
What is nutrition ?
Answer:
Nutrition. It is the process of taking food.

Question 28.
What is respiration ?
Answer:
Respiration is the process of taking oxygen and giving out carbon dioxide.

Question 29.
What is food of fish ?
Answer:
Aquatic insects and micro-organisms.

Question 30.
What is food of frog ?
Answer:
Food of Frog. Small insects.

Question 31.
Name an organism whose body consists of only one cell.
Answer:
Amoeba is a unicellular organism.

Question 32.
What are autotrophs ?
Answer:
Autotrophs. Living organisms that prepare their own food.

Question 33.
What are heterotrophs ?
Answer:
Heterotrophs. Living organisms that depend upon other living or dead organisms for their food.

Question 34.
Why do animals need food ?
Answer:
Animals need food for growth and maintenance of the body.

Question 35.
What is the process of removal of wastes by plants called ?
Answer:
The process of removal of wastes in plants is called secretions.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Differentiate between Herbs, Shrubs and Trees.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 3

Question 2.
What is meant by conduction of water ?
Answer:
Conduction of water. The movement or transportation of water from roots to different parts of a plant against the gravity pull is called conduction of water i.e. an upward movement of water.

Question 3.
Write the functions of a leaf.
Answer:
Functions of leaf.

It helps in transpiration of water.
It carries out photosynthesis process to manufacture food.
It stores food also.

Question 4.
What are veins ? What is their arrangement known as ?
Answer:
Veins are small lines present on the lamina of a leaf. They may be parallel to one another or net like on both sides of the midrib. This arrangement is known as Leaf Venation.

Question 5.
Define Photosynthesis.
Answer:
Photosynthesis. The process of preparation of food by leaves of green plants using sunlight, water and carbondioxide is called photosynthesis.

Question 6.
Name the underground part of a plant and state its function.
Answer:
Underground part of a plant is called a Root.
Functions of a root :

It fixes the plant to the soil.
It absorbs water and dissolved salts from soil.
Some roots store food.

Question 7.
What is a flower ? Name its different parts.
Answer:
Flower. It is a modified shoot which develops from the flower buds.
Parts of a flower :

Sepals
Petals
Stamens
Pistils.

Question 8.
What is a thalamus ? What is its function ?
Answer:
Thalamus. The uppermost end of the pedicel is somewhat swollen. This swollen part of the pedicel is known as thalamus.
It is used to bear all the four whorls of a flower.

Question 9.
What are stamens ?
Answer:
Stamens. It is the male reproductive organ. Each consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobed head called anthers. Inside the anthers there are pollen sacs. The pollen sac contains minute pollen grains.

Question 10.
Differentiate between root and stem.
Answer:
Differences between Root and Stem :

Root	Stem
(1) It is an underground part of a plant.	(1) It is the part of the plant mostly above the ground.
(2) It grows away from light but in direction of water.	(2) It grows in the direction of light.
(3) It does not bear nodes and internodes.	(3) It bears nodes and internodes.

Question 11.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Tap roots
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Root Cap
(iv) Root hair.
Answer:
(i) Tap roots. The main root is called tap root. Tap roots have branches which grow sideways and spread all around the main root.

(ii) Fibrous roots. Roots which seem similar are fibrous roots. They are short and fibrelike. They do not have branches. These roots are called fibrous roots.

(iii) Root cap. The yellowish cover over the tip of the root is called the root cap. The root cap protects the delicate tip of the root from injury.

(iv) Root hair. The hair-like structure of the tender ends of the roots is called root hair. Root hairs absorb salt and water from the soil.

Question 12.
State the meaning of the following terms :
(i) Leat blade
(ii) Leaf apex
(iii) Leaf base.
Answer:
(i) Leaf blade. The broad flat portion of the leaf is called the leaf blade.
(ii) Leaf apex. The tip of the leaf is called the leaf apex.
(iii) Leaf base. The part of the leaf which is joined to the stalk is called the leaf base.

Question 13.
State the meaning of following terms :
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla.
Answer:
(i) Calyx. The outermost portion of the flower consisting of a whorl of green leaflike structure is called the calyx.
(ii) Corolla. The whorl inside the calyx is called the corolla. Corolla is made up of partially or fully joined multi-coloured petals.

Question 14.
Why is the leaf an important organ of the plant ?
Answer:
The leaf is an important organ because :

It prepares food by photosynthesis.
It performs the function of respiration.
It performs the function of transpiration.

Question 15.
What is a root ?
Answer:
Root. A root is an underground part of the plant. Roots grow downwards in the soil. Usually roots are light yellow or white in colour. There are small branches on the main root. These branches are known as secondary roots. Small fibre-like structures are seen on the surface of the root. These structures are called root hairs. Root hairs absorb water and minerals from the soil.

Question 16.
Discuss the types of roots.
Answer:
Types of Roots. There are two types of roots
(i) Tap root
(ii) Fibrous root.

(i) Tap root. The root that develops from the radicle is called tap root. It grows vertically down into the soil. The tap root gives out branches.
Examples : Pea, neem, mango.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 4

(ii) Fibrous root. Some plants do not have any main root. They have many fibre-like roots. These roots spread out in the soil and give support to the plant.
Examples : Wheat, maize, millet, grass.

Question 17.
What are fleshy roots ?
Answer:
Fleshy roots. In some plants, for example, radish, carrot and turnip, the roots store the food. Such roots become thick and fleshy due to the storing of food are also called fleshy roots.

Question 18.
Why are stamens and pistils important parts of the flower ?
Answer:
Importance of stamens and pistils. The formation of seeds by the process of fertilisation takes place in the flowers. In this process, pollen grains from the androecium combine with the ovules of the ovary to form a seed.

Question 19.
Give one or two-word terms for the following statements :
(i) The underground part of the plant.
(ii) The type of roots found in wheat, maize and sugarcane.
(iii) The portion of plant above the ground.
(iv) Green expanded part of the plant which arises on the nodes of the stem.
(v) The plants which have stems modified for photosy-nthesis and leaves modified into spines for protection.
(vi) The process of manufacture of food by plants in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll.
(vii) The reproductive part of the plant.
(viii) The stem between two nodes.
Answer:
(i) Root system
(ii) Fibrous roots
(iii) Shoot system
(iv) Leaf
(v) Cacti
(vi) Photosynthesis
(vii) Flower
(viii) Intemode.

Question 20.
Which parts of a flower are useful for reproduction ?
Answer:
Useful parts for reproduction are : (i) Stamens or Androecium and (ii) Carpels or Gynaecium.

Question 21.
Which organ of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed ?
Answer:
Carpel of the flower does the function of producing fruit and seed.

Question 22.
Give two examples of each :
(i) Plants with fibrous roots
(ii) Roots storing food
(iii) Supporting roots
(iv) Stems storing food
(v) Stems with tendrils
(vi) Leaves with tendrils.
Answer:
(i) Coconut tree, Maize plant
(ii) Radish, Carrot
(iii) Maize, Aerial roots of a banyan tree
(iv) Potato, Ginger
(v) Grapevine, Pumpkin
(vi) Pea plant, Gloriosa.

Question 23.
State whether the following are roots, stems or leaves :
(i) Potato
(ii) Carrot
(iii) Cabbage
(iv) Radish
(v) Amorphophallus
(vi) Turmeric
(vii) Ginger
(viii) Beet
(ix) Turnip
(x) Sweet potato.
Answer:
Roots : Carrot, Radish, Beet, Turnip, Sweet potato.
Stems : Potato, Amorphophallus, Turmeric, Ginger.
Leaves : Cabbage.

Question 24.
Name the systems of flowering plants. Draw them.
Answer:
All flowering plants have two main systems : (i) Root System (ii) Shoot System.
The Root System which grows mainly underground. The Shoot system grows above the ground as shown in diagram.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 5

Question 25.
What are herbs, shrubs and trees ? Give examples.
Answer:
Plants are classified as herbs, shrubs and trees.
Herbs. Plants with green and tender stems are called Herbs. They are usually short and sometimes do not have branches e.g. grasses, Dhania etc.

Shrubs. Medium sized plants with branches starting just above the ground are shrubs. Trees. The plants which are very tall and have hard and thick stem. They have branches arising from upper part of the stem. They are called trees. For example, Mango tree, Lemon tree etc.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 6

Question 26.
What is a leaf and what is its role in the life of a plant ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 7
The leaf is a flattened, thin green lateral structure borne on the stem.
A leaf is borne on the stem at a node. It usually has a stalk called petiole and very small leaves at the base of the petiole called the stipules. It has broad expanded green part called leaf blade or Lamina. It has thick midrib in the centre.

Question 27.
What is Venation ? Also classify it.
Answer:
Venation. The pattern of thread-like structures in the leaves forming a network is venation.

Reticulate venation. When the design is net-like on both the sides of mid rib, the venation is said to be reticulate. Examples : rose, tulsi, mint, cabbage.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 8
Parallel Venation. When the leaf has veins parallel to one another. Such venation is called Parallel venation. Examples : grass, maize, sugarcane.

Question 28.
What are the functions of roots ?
Answer:
Roots of plants have following functions :

Fixation. It fixes the plant firmly in the soil.
Absorption. Root hairs help in the absorption of water and minerals from the soil.
Transportation. Water and minerals absorbed by the roots are transported up to the stem and into the branches.
Prevention of soil erosion. Roots prevent soil erosion.

Question 29.
What are the characteristics of roots ?
Answer:
The root and its branches make up the root system of a plant.

Characteristics of roots.
The root is the underground, non-green part of the plant. It generally grows from the radicle of the embryo of a seed. It grows into the soil, away from sunlight. It does not possess nodes or internodes.

Question 30.
Name some modified roots and stems which we eat.
Answer:
Radish, carrot, potato, sweet potato, beet etc.are modified roots and stems which we eat.

Question 31.
Write three modifications each of stems and roots.
Answer:
Modification of roots : (!) Storage roots (ii) supporting roots (iii) Breathing roots. Modification of stems : (i) Storage of food (ii) Support (iii) Protection.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain experimentally that stem helps in conducting water upwards.
Answer:
Experiment. Gently pull out a balsam plant or any other plant with white flowers from the soil. Wash its roots well. Then cut the roots under water. Dip the lower end of the cut stem in a bottle containing water to which few drops of red ink has been added as shown in
fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 10

Leave the plant undisturbed for a few hours. Observe the plant carefully. You will notice that the colour of the white flowers changes to red, this is because of conduction of water from stem to flower. This experiment proves that stem helps in conducting water upwards.

Question 2.
Explain through activity the process of Transpiration.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 11
Experiment.
Take a potted plant and cover it with a polythene bag as shown in figure. Observe it after few hours. What do you see in the bag ? You will notice a few droplets of water in the bag. This shows that the water is lost by the leaves during Transpiration.

Question 3.
Discuss the various parts of a flower.
Answer:
A flower may be defined as a modified shoot highly condensed. It develops from the floral buds.

Parts of a flower. Flowers vary in size, shape and colour but all flowers have the same basic parts. The main parts are :
(i) Pedicel and thalamus
(ii) Calyx or sepals
(iii) Corolla or petals
(iv) Androecium or stamens
(v) Gynoecium or carpels.

(i) Pedicel. A flower is borne on a stalk called pedicel. The upper swollen part of pedicel is called thalamus. It bears all the four whorls of a flower.

(ii) Sepals. It is the 1 st outermost whorl of a flower. It consists of leaf like structures called sepals. Sepals are generally green, manufacture food and supply it to other floral parts.

(iii) Petals. It is 2nd whorl of a flower. Each segment of the petal is known as a petal. These are usually brightly coloured due to presence of pigments. The bright colour, sweet smell and nectar attract the insects which in turn help in pollination.

(iv) Androecium or stamens. It is the third floral whorl which is composed of one or more male reproductive organs called stamens. Each stamen consists of a thin stalk or filament and two lobe head called the anther. Each anther lobe has two pollen-sacs which are filled with pollen grains.

(v) Gynoecium or Carpels. It is the innermost floral whorl which is composed of one or more female reproductive organs called carpels. Each carpel consists of three parts : Stigma, Style and Ovary.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 12

Question 4.
What is a stem? What are the different parts of a stem?
Answer:
Stem. The ascending aerial part of the plant that directly develops from the plumule is called a stem. It is the link between the roots and the leaves and flowers. The stem is the strongest part of a tree and is known as the trunk.

Parts of a stem. A stem consists of the following three parts :
(i) Node. It is a place on the stem or a branch from which a leaf is produced.

(ii) Internode. This is the part of the stem which lies in between the two successive nodes.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 7 Getting to Know Plants 13

(iii) Bud. It is the condensed part of the stem lying either at the apex of a stem or in the axil of a leaf.

Question 5.
Explain the normal and special functions of stems.
Answer:
Normal functions of stems: The normal functions of stems are :
(i) Stems support the branches of the plant bearing leaves, flowers and fruits.
(ii) They spread the leaves so that every leaf gets sufficient light and air.
(iii) They transport water and salts absorbed by the roots upto the leaves and other parts of the plant.
(iv) The food prepared in the leaves is distributed to the different parts of the plant by the stem.

Special functions of stems.
The special functions of the stems are as follows :
(i) The manufacture of food material. Some plants such as Opuntia, Asparagus, etc., have either no leaves or very small leaves. The stems of such plants are green due to the presence of chlorophyll. Such green stems manufacture food material in the presence of sunlight.
(ii) Support. Some plants such as passionflower, bitter gourd, and grapevines have weak stems. Fiber-like tendrils develop.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

January 17, 2024January 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 9 Early Man: The Stone Age

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Early Man: The Stone Age Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about the Old Stone Age?
Answer:
The Old Stone Age is the period when man was a hunter-gatherer. In this age, man’s life depended upon natural objects. He did not know about fire, so he used to eat the fruit of the trees and the flesh of animals. In order to protect himself from wild animals, he moved in groups and at night he took shelter on trees or in caves and rock shelters. He went about naked, but sometimes he wore skins of animals and leaves or bark of trees, to protect himself from extreme heat or cold. For hunting animals; he used stone weapons or branches of trees.

Early Man

Question 2.
Write five important characteristics about the Neolithic Age.
Answer:
The third and the last phase of Stone Age is known as the Neolithic Age. Five important things about this age are as ahead :

Man began to live at one place permanently. He had started growing and cooking food.
Man’s implements had become more refined. They were sharp and lighter in weight, that made them more effective.
Man learnt to make vessels of clay to store his food and also to cook it.
Man learnt to express his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.
Man learnt to make beads of various semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc., and used them as jewellery.

Question 3.
What do you know about the Mesolithic Age?
Answer:
The Mesolithic Age began after the Palaeolithic Age. During this period man’s life improved a bit. He learnt several new things. In place of crude pieces of broken stone, he started making stone- weapons such as axes, spears and cleavers, which were pointed and chiseled. He tied them to long sticks of wood. He also learnt that certain types of food-grains could be stored for a long time. Therefore, he began to gather food-grains. Except these, the caves and rock- shelters, he came to know how to build small huts of reed, wood and leaves. Consequently, man began to lead a settled life in villages.

Question 4.
How did the invention of wheel help man?
Answer:
The invention of wheel led to a big advance in the pattern of living of man. It made life very much easier and comfortable. With the help of wheel, man was able to make wheeled-carts, which could be drawn by animals. It made travel and transport easier. It improved the making of pottery.

Invention of Wheel

Question 5.
Write a note on cave paintings.
Answer:
While living in caves and rock-shelters, early man used to draw figures of human beings, animals and hunting scenes on the walls with the help of pointed stones and pigments. These figures were usually line drawings but sometimes he coloured such figures with the help of a bamboo brush. These rock-drawings have been discovered at several places in India and other parts of the world. The cave-paintings of Bhimbaithaka, near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh, are worth seeing, in which people are seen dancing. It shows that dancing was a major source of entertainment in the Stone Age and people danced in groups.

II. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(b) Cave paintings
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(c) Old Stone Age
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(d) Middle Stone Age

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Paleolithic	(a) Caveman
(ii) Mesolithic Age	(d) Middle Stone Age
(iii) Bhimbaithaka	(b) Cave paintings
(iv) Hunter-gatherer	(c) Old Stone Age

III. Write ‘true’ or ‘falses in the brackets given after each

Question 1.
Visit a museum and see the implements used by early man.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

Question 2.
Cut out diagrams of early man’s tools from an old history book and paste in your scrap book. ‘
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Early Man: The Stone Age Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
__________ is the place where the remains of tools, pots, buildings etc. were found.
(A) Site
(B) Factory
(C) Habitation
(D) Inscription.
Answer:
(A) Site.

Question 2.
__________ are places where people lived including cave and rock shelters.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Palace
(D) Factory.
Answer:
(B) Habitation.

Question 3.
__________ was the place where people made tools.
(A) Site
(B) Habitation
(C) Factory
(D) Palace.
Answer:
(C) Factory.

Question 4.
The Mesolithic period was years ago.
(A) 12000-10,000
(B) 8,000-10,000
(C) 6,000-8,000
(D) 4,000-6,000.
Answer:
(A) 12,000-10,000.

Question 5.
The beginning of the Neolithic age __________
(A) 8, 000 years ago
(B) 10,000 years ago
(C) 6,000 years ago
(D) 4,000 years ago.
Answer:
(B) 10,000 years ago.

Question 6.
Early people painted on the of caves.
(A) walls
(B) roof
(C) floor
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(A) walls.

Question 7.
Tools in Hunsgi were made of.
(A) metal
(B) bone
(C) limestone
(D) stone.
Answer:
(C) limestone.

Question 8.
Which of these qualities are required to hunt animals?
(A) Alert
(B) Quick
(C) Presence of mind
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
In which period were Ostriches found in India?
(A) Palaeolithic
(B) Mesolithic
(C) Stone
(D) Microlithic.
Answer:
(A) Palaeolithic.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When did the man come on the earth?
Answer:
The man came on the earth about four million years ago.

Question 2.
What was the food of early man?
Answer:
The food of early man consisted of fruits, berries and flesh of animals.

Question 3.
What type of clothes did early man wear?
Answer:
Early man used skins of animals, bark of trees and large leaves as clothes.

Question 4.
Name a few implements of early man.
Answer:
Early man’s implements were made mostly of stone. These included crude axes, cleavers, spears, choppers, scrapers, etc.

Question 5.
What is a flint stone?
Answer:
A flint stone is a stone that produces sparks and fire.

Question 6.
What was the first mechanical device learnt by man?
Answer:
The use of solid logs as wheels was probably the first mechanical device learnt by man.

Question 7.
When did the settled life of early man become possible?
Answer:
The settled life of early man became possible when he learnt to produce food.

Question 8.
How did early man express his artistic instincts?
Answer:
Early man expressed his artistic instincts by drawing figures on the walls of caves and rock-shelters where he lived.

Question 9.
What is Bhimbaithaka?
Answer:
Bhimbaithaka is a place near Bhopal in Madhya Pradesh where rock-drawings of early man have been discovered.

Question 10.
What were ornaments of early man-made of?
Answer:
Ornaments of early man were made of semi-precious stones, terracotta, ivory, etc.

Question 11.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘Paleolithic’?
Answer:
The word Paleolithic is made up of two Greek words- Palaeo and lithic. The meaning of Palaeo is old and the meaning of lithic is stone. So the literal meaning of Paleolithic is- old stone.

Question 12.
What is New Stone Age?
Answer:
New stone age was the period of history when early man domesticated animals and learnt the use of polished stone tools. It is also known as Neolithic period.

Question 13.
Which discoveries helped early man to lead a settled life?
Answer:
Beginning of agriculture, the taming of animals, discovery of metals and discovery of wheel were the discoveries that helped early man to lead a settled life.

Question 14.
Who is a Food-gatherer?
Answer:
Food-gatherer is a person who wanders from place to place in search of food. Man in Early Stone Age was a food-gatherer.

Question 15.
Who is a Food-producer?
Answer:
Food-producer is a person who produces plants and crops to meet his food requirements. In Neolithic period, man became food producer from food-gatherer.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is early man called a wanderer?
Answer:
Early man did not know how to grow food. He ate fruit of trees and hunted whatever animals he could. So when he had eaten all that he could find in a certain place, he had to move on to some other places in search of food. That is why he is called a wanderer.

Question 2.
How had early man to defend himself from wild animals?
Answer:
Early man had to defend himself from wild animals either by hiding in caves and trees or by using his crude weapons against them and killing them. But the best mean of defence against animals was fire.

Question 3.
Why did early man start living at one place?
Answer:
It was the discovery of agriculture that made possible for early man to live at one place. Now he did not have to wander from place to place in search of food. He stopped being a nomad and settled down at one place as an agriculturist.

Question 4.
How was fire discovered?
Answer:
The striking together of two pieces of stone called ‘flint produced spark. When it touched dry leaves and twigs, it burst into a flame. This is how the fire was discovered.

Question 5.
How did the fire act as a source of comfort and protection for early inan?
Answer:
The fire acted- as a source of comfort and protection for early man in the following ways :

At night when everyone crowded in a cave, a fire was kept burning at the entrance and this prevented the wild animals from entering the cave.
In the cold of winter, the fire gave early man heat.

Question 6.
What were the advantages of wheels to early man?
Answer:
Early man took great advantages from the invention of wheel. It was very easy for him to carry a round object from one place to another by rolling it instead of carrying a cubical object. Early man must have learnt it by rolling logs of woods. This invention made the advancement quicker and easier for him. It helped him in easy transportation of goods and travel long distances. It also helped him in improving the making of different kinds of pots.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How did the domestication of animals help early man?
Answer:
Early man was a hunter. He killed animals for food. Then he began to domesticate them. This helped him in the following ways :

Food: Man could get meat, milk, and butter from the domesticated animals.
More Animals: Wild animals could only be killed and their flesh is eaten. But domesticated animals could be made to breed and provide more animals.
Help in Agriculture: Animals could be used to draw the plow or the cart.
Clothes: Man used the skin of animals as clothes.
Weapons, Tools, etc: Man used the bones of animals to make weapons, tools, and even ornaments.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

January 17, 2024January 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 8 Our India – In World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 8 Study of Ancient History – Sources

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB Study of Ancient History – Sources Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What is the difference between Pre-history and History?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two periods: Pre-history and History.
1. Pre-history. Pre-history is that period of man’s life for which we have no written records.
2. History. History is that period of man’s life for which we have written records.

Question 2.
Name the works which are included in the Vedic Literature.
Answer:
The following works are included in the Vedic Literature :

Vedas,
Brahmanas,
Aranyakas,
Upanishads,
Sutras,
Epics (Ramayana and Mahabharata),
Puranas.

Question 3.
How do the inscriptions help us to know about history?
Answer:
Inscriptions are those records which are found written on stone-pillars, rocks, copper-plates, clay tablets.ahd walls of temples. These help us a lot to know about history. They record important events of the time when they wdre written. . Inscription of Emperor Ashoka tell us about his religion and expansions of his empire. Inscriptions of Samudragupta and Skandagupta tell us about their achievements. Copper-plates throw a light on the sale, purchase or donation of land in ancient times.

Question 4.
What is meant by archaeological sources of history?
Answer:
Old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins and inscriptions which are found during excavation are known as archaeological sources of History.

Question 5.
How do the Epics serve as a source of history?
Answer:
The two Epics, namely, the Ramayana and the Mahabharata were composed in the Vedic period. From these Epics, we come to know about the social, religious and cultural conditions of ancient India, specially after the advent of the Aryas.

Question 6.
Write a short note on literary sources of history.
Answer:
The literary sources of history include Vedas, Brahamanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, Epics, Puranas and the Buddhist and Jain books. Besides telling us about the religion, these works also throw light on the events and society of the time when they were written. The books related to the laws of ancient times, called the ‘Dharmasastras’ were also written. Manusmriti is prominent among such books. Kautilya wrote a book, namely Arthasastra, on the state administration. Several dramas were written by scholars like Bhasa and Kalidasa. Several stories were also written. The scientists like Aryabhatta and Varahamihira wrote books about their discoveries.

Question 7.
What information do we get by studying monuments?
Answer:
The buildings such as pillars, forts and palaces, constructed hundreds of years ago, are known as monuments. A study of monuments provides us valuable historical information. These tell us about the life of people in ancient India.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
History is the study of _________
Answer:
past

Question 2.
History is the study for better _________
Answer:
information

Question 3.
_________ named book was written by Kautilya.
Answer:
Arthashastra

Question 4.
Books, literary sources, ancient ruins, and things are called sources.
Answer:
archaeological.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Aryabhatta	(a) Epic
(ii) Ramayana	(b) Veda
(iii) Samaveda	(c) Kautilya
(iv) Arthasastra	(d) scientist

Answer:
Correct pairs:

A	B
(i) Aryabhatta	(d) scientist
(ii) Ramayana	(a) Epic
(iii) Samaveda	(b) Veda
(iv) Arthasastra	(c) Kautilya

IV. Write true or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement:

Question 1.
Manusmriti is a work on Dharmasastra.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Aranyakas are not part of Vedic literature.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Coins are not a source of history.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Ashoka got his message engraved on stone pillars.
Answer:
True.

V. Activities (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Visit a museum and prepare a list of things which you think can be reliable sources of ancient history.
Answer:
Do it yourself with the help of your teacher.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide Study of Ancient History – Sources Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
One who study the past is known as _________
(A) Psychologist
(B) Historian
(C) Anthropologist
(D) Sociologist.
Answer:
(B) Historian.

Question 2.
Understanding any code or somebody’s writing is known as _________
(A) Coding
(B) Archaeology
(C) Decipherment
(D) Calligraphy.
Answer:
(C) Decipherment.

Question 3.
The beginning of agriculture is dated back to _________
(A) 4700 years, ago
(B) 5000 year ago
(C) 7000 years ago
(D) 8000 years ago.
Answer:
(D) 8000 years ago.

Question 4.
_________ was the first big kingdom..
(A) Magadha
(B) Patliputra
(C) Kaushambhi
(D) Kashi.
Answer:
(A) Magadha.

Question 5.
_________ are usually written on palm leaf, or on the specially prepared bark of a tree known as the birch.
(A) Inscription
(B) Manuscrfpt
(C) Engraving
(D) Archaeology.
Answer:
(B) Manuscript.

Question 6.
Ordinary men and women were _________
(A) hunters
(B) gatherers
(C) fishing folk
(D) all of these.
Answer:
(D) all of these.

Question 7.
Along the bank of _________ river people have lived for several hundred thousand years.
(A) Tapi
(B) Narmada
(C) Krishna
(D) Kaveri.
Answer:
(B) Narmada.

Question 8.
Which of these animals, men first began to rear?
(A) Sheep
(B) Cattle
(C) Goat
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 9.
_________ are smaller rivers that flow into a larger river.
(A) Tributaries
(B) Ponds
(C) Valleys
(D) None of these.
Answer:
(A) Tributaries.

Question 10.
_________ is the earliest composition in Sanskrit.
(A) Yajurveda
(B) Atharvaveda
(C) Samveda
(D) Rigveda.
Answer:
(D) Rigveda.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is History?
Answer:
History is the study of past.

Question 2.
What do you mean by the literary sources of History?
Answer:
The books written in the past are called the literary sources of History.

Question 3.
What are known as the archaeological sources of History?
Answer:
The material remains of the past are known as the archaeological sources of History.

Question 4.
For which period of the past is archaeology an only mean for knowing about it?
Answer:
Archaeology is the only mean for knowing about the pre-historic age.

Question 5.
Why do we not have written records about the pre-historic age?
Answer:
We do not have written records about the pre-historic age because the early man did not know the art of writing.

Question 6.
Name the four Vedas.
Answer:

The Rigveda,
The Samaveda,
The Yajurveda;
The Atharvaveda.

Question 7.
Name the two Epics. Who composed them?
Answer:
The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are the two Epics. They were composed by Maharishi Valmiki and Maharishi Ved Vyas respectively.

Question 8.
What is an inscription?
Answer:
An inscription is the writing which is engraved either on a stone surface or on metal or brick.

Question 9.
What do you understand by monuments?
Answer:
Monuments are the buildings or structures constructed in the past and which stand today as memorials.

Question 10.
Name two renowned scientists of ancient times.
Answer:
Aryabhatta and Varahamihira were two renowned scientists of ancient times.

Question 11.
What is meant by Pre-history?
Answer:
The long period of man’s life is divided into two parts: Pre-history and history. Pre-history is that period of history for which we don’t have any written record.

Question 12.
What is the literal meaning of the word ‘HISTORY’?
Answer:
The word History is derived from a Greek word ‘HISTORIA’. The meaning of historia is the ‘Knowledge of Past’.

Question 13.
Who is known as the Father of History?
Answer:
‘Herodotus’ is known as the Father of history as he was the first person who wrote history.

Question 14.
What is numismatics and epigraphy?
Answer:
The study of coins is known as numismatics and the study of inscriptions is known as epigraphy

Question 15.
How many shlokas are there in Ramayana and Mahabharata?
Answer:
Ramayana contains about 24,000 shlokas and Mahabharata contains more than one lakh shlokas.

Question 16.
What do you mean by Dharmasastras?
Answer:
Dharmasastras are books written about the laws of ancient times. For example Manusmriti, Arthasastra etc.

Question 17.
Who is an Archaeologist?
Answer:
An archaeologist is a person who studies old buildings, pottery, things of daily use, coins and inscriptions.

Question 18.
Give few examples of ancient Indian monuments.
Answer:
The Sanchi Stupa, The Ashokan Pillars and remains of Nalanda university are some of the ancient Indian monuments.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What information do we get from the study of History?
Answer:
From the study of History, we come to know how man lived in the beginning and how civilizations developed with the passage of time.

Question 2.
What is the advantage of the study of History?
Answer:
History is said to be the study of past for a better future. If we want to build a strong and ideal society in the times to come and if we want to achieve further development, we must learn how we have reached the present state. Information about all these things can be attained only with the study of history.

Question 3.
How do we khow about our historical past?
Answer:
We know about bur historical past from the evidence which our forefathers have left behind. This evidence consists of ancient books, inscriptions on rocks, pillars, stone, metal plates, etc., and ancient buildings.

Question 4.
What is the significance of coins in the study of History?
Answer:
Coins of ancient times have been made of lead, copper, bronze, silver and gold, etc. Such coins have on them portraits of kings, pictures of animals, religious symbols, the names of the issuers and dates, etc. All this information helps us to learn about the kings, their dynasties, religious beliefs and economic life of the past.

Question 5.
What did Ashoka do to spread his message among common people?
Answer:
To spread his message among common people, Ashoka got it engraved on rocks and very big stone-pillars and put them all over the country so that people could read and follow them.

Question 6.
Write in brief about composition of the Ramayana and Mahabharata.
Answer:
Two great epics were written in Vedic period and these were the Ramayana and the Mahabharata. The Ramanaya contains around 24,000 shlokas and was composed by Maharishi Valimiki. The Mahabharata is a gigantic mass of compositions written by different authors which extended over many centuries. But generally it has been believed that it was written by Maharishi Ved Vyas. It contains more than 1,00,000 shlokas and was arranged in 18 chapters.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
How do we know about the past? Mention the various- sources that are used to study the past.
Answer:
History is the one way of knowing the past. We learn about the past from the evidence which our ancestors have left behind.

Our ancestors have left behind the following clues which help us in knowing the past:
1. Literary Works: The important literary works are the religious books like the Vedas, Brahmanas, Aranyakas, Upanishads, Sutras, the Epics, the Puranas, and the Buddhist and Jain books.

2. Archaeological Sources: Archaeological sources include old buildings, pottery, things of everyday use, coins, and inscriptions. All these give us a lot of information which could help us to study the past.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups

January 17, 2024January 16, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 4 Sorting Materials into Groups

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Sorting Materials into Groups Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 36)

Question 1.
The density of an object is slightly less than that of water will it sink or float in water?
Answer:
It will float on water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 37)

Question 1.
Is clear water opaque, transparent, or translucent?
Answer:
Clearwater is transparent.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Sorting Materials into Groups Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Name five objects which can be made from wood. ………….., …………….., …………….., ………………, …………..
Answer:
table, chair, plough, door, cricket bat

(b) Sugar is …………….. in water.
Answer:
soluble.

2. Write True or False:

(a) Stone is transparent.
Answer:
False

(b) A piece of wood floats on water.
Answer:
True

(d) Oil mixes with water.
Answer:
False

(e) Vinegar dissolves in water.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Book	(a) Glass
2. Tumbler	(b) Wood
3. Chair	(c) Paper
4. Toy	(d) Leather
5. Shoes	(e) Plastics

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Book	(c) Paper
2. Tumbler	(a) Glass
3. Chair	(b) Wood
4. Toy	(e) Plastics
5. Shoes	(d) Leather

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following is not matter ?
(a) water
(b) sound
(c) air
(d) fruits.
Answer:
(b) sound

Question (ii)
Which property is common to all matter ?
(a) Matter takes up space and has no mass
(b) Matter takes up space and some mass
(c) Matter takes up space and has mass
(d) Matter takes up space and may or may not have mass.
Answer:
(c) Matter takes up space and has mass

Question (iii)
Which of the following is transparent ?
(a) wood
(b) glass
(r) paper
(d) plastic.
Answer:
(b) glass

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is an atom ?
Answer:
Atom is the smallest particle that is present in all types of matter.

Question (ii)
Define density.
Answer:
The mass per unit volume of substance is known as density.

Question (iii)
What are transparent objects ?
Answer:
The substances through which one can see, are called transparent.

Question (iv)
What are opaque objects ?
Answer:
The substances through which one cannot see are called opaque.

Question (v)
What are translucent objects ?
Answer:
The substances through which one can see partially but not clearly, are called translucent.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is the difference between transparent and translucent objects ? Give examples.
Answer:
The substances, through which one can see, are called transparent substances. Examples are glass, water, air, etc. The substances through which one can see partially but not clearly, are called translucent substances. Examples are frosted glass used in windows, paper sheet having an oily patch, etc.

Question (ii)
Select the objects from the following which shine.
Glass bowl, plastic mug, steel chair, cotton shirt, gold chain silver ring.
Answer:
Glass bowl, steel chair, gold chain and silver ring.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

(i) Are all liquids soluble in water ?
Answer:
No, all liquids are not soluble in water. When we mix any liquid we observe three things. Some of the liquids will dissolve completely in water. Some of the liquids mix with water only to some extent. Some liquids do not mix with water.

Liquids which mix with water are called miscible liquids. Examples are vinegar and water.
Liquids which do not mix with water are called immiscible liquids. Examples are oil and water.
Liquids which mix only partially are called partially miscible liquids. Examples are phenol and water.

Question (ii)
List any four item that can float on water and five items that can not float on water ?
Answer:
Objects which can float on water. The items which have density less than that of water will float on water. Examples are dried leaves, piece of wood, cork piece, paper, cardboard, cloth, etc.

Objects which can not float on water. The items which have density more than that of water cannot float on water. Examples are items made of iron, gold ring, silver chain, stone, lead ball, etc.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Sorting Materials into Groups Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Glass tumbler is made of :
(a) wood
(b) glass
(c) steel
(d) cloth.
Answer:
(b) glass

Question 2.
Stone is an example of :
(a) opaque substance
(b) transparent substance
(c) translucent substance
(d) none.
Answer:
(a) opaque substance

Question 3.
Some solids can dissolve in water. These are called :
(a) soluble
(b) insoluble
(c) transparent
(d) opaque.
Answer:
(a) soluble

Question 4.
Paper can ……………… on the surface of water.
(a) sink
(b) float
(c) both (i) and (ii)
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) float

Question 5.
Sponge can be compressed easily. So, it is a ………….. material.
(a) hard
(b) gas
(c) soft
(d) none
Answer:
(c) soft

Question 6.
………………… has no shine at all.
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Wood
(d) Aluminium.
Answer:
(c) Wood

Question 7.
Grouping of material is done for :
(a) decoration
(b) covering less space
(c) convenience
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) convenience

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) All objects around us are made of one or more ……………….
Answer:
materials

(b) We can group objects in many …………….. ways.
Answer:
different

(d) Silver and gold have a …………….
Answer:
lustre

(e) ………………. material can be compressed easily.
Answer:
Soft

(f) …………. is a hard material.
Answer:
Iron

(g) Some ………….. are soluble in water, are known as ………………… materials.
Answer:
materials, soluble

(h) Vinegar and lemon juice …………………. well with each other.
Answer:
mix

(i) Glass is a ………………. material.
Answer:
transparent

(j) Opaque materials are those which …………… light to pass through them.
Answer:
do not allow

(k) We cannot ………………… clearly through a translucent material.
Answer:
see

(l) We group materials for …………….. and to ……………. their properties.
Answer:
convenience, study

(m) Materials are grouped together on the basis of …………… and dissimilarities.
Answer:
similarities

Write ‘T’ against true and ‘F’ against false Statements:

(a) All objects are not made of one material only.
Answer:
True

(b) One material can be used for making different objects.
Answer:
True

(d) Hard materials can be compressed easily.
Answer:
False

(e) Some objects lose their shine after sometime.
Answer:
True

(f) Oil and water mix well to form a clear solution.
Answer:
False

(g) Water is important for functioning of body.
Answer:
True

(h) Some gases are soluble in water.
Answer:
True

(i) Glass containers are made so that things placed inside them can be seen from outside.
Answer:
True

(j) Grouping of objects is done to store them in small places.
Answer:
False

(k) Materials can be grouped on the basis of their size and colour.
Answer:
True

Matching

Match the column A with column B

Column A	Column B
(1) Wax	glass
(2) Rubber	magnetic material
(3) Common salt	floats in water
(4) Tumbler	bad conductor
(5) Iron nail	dissolves in water.

Answer:
(1) Wax – Floats in water
(2) Rubber – bad conductor
(3) Common salt – dissolves in water
(4) Tumbler – glass
(5) Iron nails – magnetic material.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are objects made of ?
Answer:
Materials.

Question 2.
Which materials can be compressed easily ?
Answer:
Soft.

Question 3.
Name two substances which shine.
Answer:
(i) Gold, (ii) Aluminium.

Question 4.
Is wood hard or soft ?
Answer:
Hard.

Question 5.
Are oil and water soluble in one another ?
Answer:
No.

Question 6.
Which gas dissolves in water and is important for survival of sea life ?
Answer:
Oxygen.

Question 7.
Which materials do not sink in water- heavy or light ?
Answer:
Light materials.

Question 8.
The materials which do not allow light to pass through them completely are translucent materials. Give examples.
Answer:
Butter/Oiled paper, Coloured glass.

Question 9.
What is grouping of materials ?
Answer:
To store and collect different materials on basis of their size, shape, colour, smell, use etc. is grouping of materials.

Question 10.
Why is grouping of materials needed ?
Answer:
For convenience.

Question 11.
What is classification ?
Answer:
Classification. The process of grouping things on the basis of their common properties, is called classification.

Question 12.
How various objects are grouped ?
Answer:
Various objects are grouped according to their similarities and necessities like size, shape, colour, hardness, transparency, conduction of heat etc.

Question 13.
Name some materials that can be used to make school bags.
Answer:
Cloth of cotton, jute or nylon, plastic, metals etc.

Question 14.
Name some objects made from glass.
Answer:
Jug, bowl, bottle, cup, test tube etc.

Question 15.
List some solutions that are used in your home.
Answer:
Salt solution, cold drinks, sugar solution and lime juice etc.

Question 16.
List some transparent liquids.
Answer:
Water, petrol, spirit, alcohol etc.

Question 17.
Why water is called universal solvent ?
Answer:
Water as universal solvent. Water has property of dissolving a large number of materials in it, which makes it a universal solvent.

Question 18.
Name some liquids which are miscible in water.
Answer:
Milk, soft drinks, glycerine etc.

Question 19.
Name some liquids which are immiscible in water.
Answer:
Petrol, kerosene oil, edible oils etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Some materials lose their shine after sometime. How can they be made to shine again ?
Answer:
Steps to make materials shine again :

By rubbing them with sand paper
By cutting their surfaces.

Question 2.
Name few properties of materials used in daily life ?
Answer:
Properties of materials used in daily life :

Lustre
Hardness/softness
Solubility/Insolubility
Lightness/heaviness
Transparency etc.

Question 3.
Fill the following table :
Different things made from same material :

Material

Things

Wood

Paper

Leather

Plastic

Cotton

…………….

……………..

Answer:
Material Things

Material	Things
Wood	Plywood, utensils, house windows, house doors.
Paper	Fibrous stem of plant is used to make paper, covering material, notebooks, books.
Leather	Bags, purses, shoes, chappals, sandles etc.
Plastic	Buckets, mugs, tubs, household utensils, containers etc.
Cotton	Clothes, raw material for rayon, mattresses, pillows, quilts, curtains.

Question 4.
Fill the table :
Things made from different materials :

Item

Material from which they can be made

Chair

Schoolbag

Tumbler

Shoes

Shirt

………………

……………….

Answer:

Item	Material from which they can be made
Chair	Wood, plastic, iron.
Schoolbag	Leather, cotton, heavy cloth.
Tumbler	Glass, steel, brass, wood, plastic.
Shoes	Leather, cloth, plastic.
Shirt	Cotton cloth, synthetic cloth.

Question 5.
Why grouping of materials is necessary?
Answer:
Need of Grouping. The things around us are made up of large variety of materials. The same materials can be used to make large number of things. Similarly, same thing can be made from different type of materials. Different materials have different properties so grouping of materials is done on the basis of their similarities and differences in their properties.

Question 6.
What are miscible and immiscible substances ?
Answer:
Miscible substances. Those liquids which mix well with water to form homogeneous mixtures are said to be miscible substances.
Example. Vinegar, Lemon Juice, etc. are miscible in water.

Immiscible substances. Those substances which do not mix well with water are known as immiscible substances.
Examples. Coconut oil, mustard oil, etc. are immiscible in water.

Question 7.
Why do we not cook our food in the utensils made of wood ?
Answer:
Wood is a combustible substance. So, utensils made of wood bum on heating on a direct flame. So we do not cook our food in utensils made of wood.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Transparent, Translucent, and Opaque materials with the help of examples.
Answer:
Transparent. Those substances or materials through which things can be seen clearly are called transparent. Glass, plastic bottles used in the kitchen are transparent.

Opaque. Those substances or materials through which we are not able to see, are called opaque. For example, wooden almirah, metal containers are opaque materials.

Translucent. The substances through which things are only partially visible are called translucent materials. For example, cellophane paper (tracing paper), Oiled portion of the paper, etc.

Question 2.
What are the different criteria on the basis of which materials can be grouped?
Answer:
Materials are abundant in nature. It is very difficult to know and study each and every object in the world. Materials have different properties which make them capable of grouping. Some of these are:

States of matter, (a) Solid (b) liquid (c) gas.
Visibility of the matter, (a) Transparent (b) translucent (c) opaque.
Magnetic property, (a) Magnetic (b) Non-magnetic.
Conductivity, (a) Conductors (b) Insulators.
Elements, (a) metals (b) non-metals (c) metalloids.
Taste, (a) Sweet (b) sour (c) bitter (d) salty.
Size, (a) big (b) small
Shape, (a) round (b) square (c) pyramid (d) cone.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 18 India and the World

January 17, 2024January 16, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 18 India and the World Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 18 India and the World

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB India and the World Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions in brief :

Question 1.
What is Silk Route?
Answer:
The route connecting China with Europe is known as the Silk Route. In ancient times, silk was the major item of trade on this route.

Question 2.
Name some important seaports of the Satavahana period.
Answer:
The ports of the Satavahana period can be divided into two parts :

Ports of Southern Coast: Ports of the southern coast included Kaveripattnam, Mahabalipuram, Puhar and Korkai.
Ports of the Western Coast: Suraparaka and Bhrigukachehha were ports of the western coast.

Question 3.
How did India come in contact with Iran?
Answer:
India’s contacts with Iran started in 600 B.C. Rulers of Iran occupied north-western parts of India. Consequently, contacts between the two countries were established.

Question 4.
What was exported from India to Rome?
Answer:
The items exported from India to Rome were :

Spices,
Precious stones,
Fine cloth,
Perfumes,
Ivory,
Iron,
Dyes,
Rice,
Birds like parrots and peacocks,
Animals like monkeys.

Question 5.
What articles were imported from Europe?
Answer:
Glassware and lead were imported from Europe.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
______ A.D. rulers of ______ of Iran occupied parts of North-western India.
Answer:
600, Atchiminid

Question 2.
During the reigns of Ashoka and Kanishka, Buddhist missionaries were sent to ______, ______, ______ and ______ for preaching Buddhism.
Answer:
Sri Lanka, Burma, China, Central Asia

Question 3.
The______, ______ and ______ rulers encouraged ship building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
Chera, Cholas, Pandyas

Question 4.
The Arabs occupied Sind in ______ A.D.
Answer:
712

Question 5.
The ______ temple in Kampuchea has sculptures depicting scenes from the Indian epics ______ and ______
Answer:
Angkarvat, Ramayana, Mahabharata.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(i) Gold coins	(a) Suraparaka
(ii) Seaport	(b) Silk
(iii) China	(c) Land Route
(iv) Silk Road	(d) Rome

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(i) Gold coins	(d) Rome
(ii) Seaport	(a) Suraparaka
(iii) China	(b) Silk
(iv) Silk Road	(c) Land Route

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
India’s culture became the identity of Indians.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
India had no contacts with Egypt.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Huge rock-cut statues of the Buddha were found at Bamiyan in Afghanistan.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Indian products fetched high prices in Roman markets.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
The Chera, Chola and Pandya rulers encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
True.

V. Activitiy (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Collect pictures and Buddhist temples built in South¬East Asian Countries and paste them in your notebook.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide India and the World Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Silk Road is the route connecting with Europe.
(A) China
(B) India
(C) Russia
(D) Japan.
Answer:
(A) China.

Question 2.
The Angkorvat Temple is situated in
(A) Combodia
(B) Kumpuchea
(C) Malasia
(D) Java.
Answer:
(B) Kumpuchea.

Question 3.
What was exported to Europe through Silk Routes?
(A) Jewellery
(B) Spices
(C) Ivory goods
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 4.
The gave a great contribution to the spread of Indian Culture.
(A) Arabs
(B) Chinese
(C) Japanese
(D) Sri Lankans.
Answer:
(A) Arabs.

Question 5.
The Arabs occupied in 712 A.D.
(A) Baluchistan
(B) Sind
(C) Punjab
(D) Kashmir
Answer:
(B) Sind.

Question 6.
Where does Bamiyan lie?
(A) India
(B) Pakistan
(C) Afghanistan
(D) Russia.
Answer:
(C) Afghanistan.

Question 7.
What was exported from India to Rome?
(A) Spices
(B) Precious stones
(C) Fine Cloth
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the countries with which the people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had trade relations.
Answer:
The people of the Indus Valley Civilisation had trade relations with Mesopotamia, Egypt and other countries.

Question 2.
When did India’s contacts with Europe develop further?
Answer:
India’s contacts with Europe developed further after the invasion of Alexander on India in 326 B.C.

Question 3.
In which countries were Indian luxury goods in great demand?
Answer:
Indian luxury goods were in great demand in Western countries, especially in Greece and Roman Empire.

Question 4.
Through which countries did the land routes pass?
Answer:
The land routes passed through Afghanistan, Central Asia and Western Asia.

Question 5.
What led to the decline of trade with the West?
Answer:
The Roman Empire imposed restrictions on trade with India after the 3rd century A.D. It led to the decline of trade with the West.

Question 6.
What features did India’s contact with Iran introduce?
Answer:
India’s contact with Iran introduced features like pillars topped by capitals, inscriptions on pillars, the Kharoshti script and a new style of coinage in India.

Question 7.
Name the Indian items which became very popular in Egypt.
Answer:
Precious stones, spices, cows and hunting dogs were the Indian items which became very popular in Egypt.

Question 8.
To which countries were the Buddhist missionaries sent during the reigns of Ashoka and Kanishka?
Answer:
The Buddhist missionaries were sent to *feri Lanka, Myanmar, China and Central Asia, etc. for preaching Buddhism.

Question 9.
In which books is India’s overseas trade with Rome mentioned?
Answer:
India’s overseas trade with Rome is mentioned in Ptolemy’s Geography and in the Sangam literature.

Question 10.
What did India receive in return for her trade with Rome?
Answer:
India received gold and silver coins, metals, wine and glass in return for her trade with Rome.

Question 11.
Name the dynasties which encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.
Answer:
The Chera, Chola and Pandya dynasties encouraged ship-building and overseas exploration.

Question 12.
What marked the beginning of Indo-Islamic tiulture?
Answer:
The Arab invasion of India marked the beginning of Indo- Islamic culture.

Question 13.
Name the countries influenced by Indian culture.
Answer:
There are several countries which have been influenced by Indian culture. Prominent among them are Myanmar, Malaya, Kampuchea, Java, Indonesia and Vietnam.

Question 14.
Where is the Borobudur Temple located?
Answer:
The Borobudur Temple is located in Java (Indonesia).

Question 15.
What are the ancient names of Burma, Malaya, Kampuchea and Java?
Answer:
The ancient names of Burma, Malaya, Kampuchea and Java are Suvarnabhumi, Suvarnadvipa, Cambodia and Yavadvipa, respectively.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Describe the first contacts between the Arabs and India.
Answer:
In 712 A.D., the Arabs conquered Sind and set up trade settlements in India. But they were held by the local rulers of what is now called Rajasthan. However, they kept their political control over Sind.

Question 2.
How did the people of South-East Asia accept Indian religions?
Answer:
Indian merchants went to South-East Asia from various parts of India from Saurashtra, Tamil Nadu, Orissa and Bengal. They took with them their own religious customs ^nd ideals. They were mostly Jainas, Vaishnavas, Shaivas and Buddhist. The people of South-East Asia were influenced by their culture and they accepted Indian religions.

Question 3.
Give an information about India’s relations with Kampuchea.
Answer:
Kampuchea was founded by a Hindu king. The region south¬east of Kampuchea, namely Kubuja was also ruled by the Hindu king. The Hindu gods and goddesses were worshipped in Kampuchea. The Hindu scriptures in Sanskrit were studied there. Hymns from the Ramayana, the Mahabharata and the Puranas were recited in temples of Kampuchea.

Question 4.
What were India’s relations with Java in ancient times?
Answer:
The kingdom of Java was established in 56 A.D. by a Hindu ruler. In 78 A.D. Ajisaka started the Java Samvata. The Chinese traveller Hiuen Tsang visited Java in 418 A.D. and saw that the Brahmanism was a prominent religion in Java. Several temples were built in Java. Shiva, Vishnu and Brahma were worshipped in temples. Indians cast a deep influence on the people of Java. Caste system in Java started with the advent of Indians there.

Question 5.
Write about the spread of Indian culture in Myanmar.
Answer:
Myanmar lies to the east of India. There, Indian culture spread to a great extent. India had relations with Myanmar since the time of the Buddha. Indian culture was prevalent in Myanmar. Several inscriptions found there are in Sanskrit and Pali languages. There the Hinayana branch of Buddhism was preached. Historians believe that the Ananda Temple of Myanmar had been constructed by Indian artisans.

Question 6.
What Indian influence can be seen at the Angkorvat Temple?
Answer:
The Angkorvat Temple lies in Kampuchea. It is a Hindu temple. The stories of the Ramayana and the Mahabharata are written on the walls of the-temple. It has sculptures depicting scenes from the two epics. It shows the influence of Indian culture on the people of Kampuchea.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What were the reasons for the growth of India’s contacts with South-East countries?
Answer:
India had close contacts with South-East Asian countries in ancient times. The following were the reasons for the growth of these contacts :

The Indian merchants made voyages to these countries to exchange their goods for spices. These spices brought much wealth to Indian merchants because they were sold to traders from Western Asia.
There was peace and prosperity during the 6th and 7th centuries. Kings encouraged trade and it was secure.
Religious missionaries were sent to South-East Asian countries.
Indian traders settled down in these countries for the purpose of trade. Some of them married local women. Slowly and slowly, some aspects of Indian culture were accepted by people of South-East Asia.

Question 2.
Give an account of the spread of Indian culture abroad.
Answer:
Indian culture was spread mainly in South-East Asian countries. It was carried there by the merchants who settled there to carry out their trade.

Kampuchea: A Hindu merchant Kaundinya set up the Kampuchean kingdom. He built many ‘ emples. The most famous is the Vishnu Temple of Angkorvat. It contains beautiful sculptures and scenes from the Ramayana and the Mahabharata.
Java: The kingdom of Java was set up by a Hindu prince. Fahien also makes a mention of this kingdom in his accounts. Java was ruled by a Hindu king. Both the ruler and the people worshipped the Hindu gods. But later on they adopted Buddhism. The Buddhist Stupa at Borobudur is the biggest stupa in the world.
Sumatra: The state of Sumatra was establihsed by a Hindu prince Sri Vijaya. It was a great centre of learning.
Bali and Borneo: These were Hindu colonies. Even today some people are Hindus there.
Champa: It was also a Hindu colony. Its capital city was Amaravati. It was the centre of Sanskrit learning.
China and Tibet: Indian culture also spread in China and Tibet. The Chinese* and the Tibetan people adopted Buddhism.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 8 Drug Addiction-A Curse

January 12, 2024January 11, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 8 Drug Addiction-A Curse Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Physical Education Chapter 8 Drug Addiction-A Curse

Physical Education Guide for Class 6 PSEB Drug Addiction-A Curse Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Which intoxication eliminates the power of thinking and digestion of a person?
Answer:
Alcohol is an intoxicant that eliminates the power of thinking and digestion of a person. Alcohol affects the brain first of all. Nervous system gets affected and the brain weakens. The thinking power or faculty declines. With the effect of this intoxicant, respiration increases, and one suffers from diseases pertaining to respiratory system.

Question 2.
Which poisonous element is found in a cigarette?
Answer:
‘Nicotine’ is a poisonous element that is found in a cigarette. This is an alkaloid from tabacco plant. Nicotine has its adverse effect on the head which begins to feel giddy, and then the heart is badly affected. The possibility of suffering from cancer increases with the excessive use of tobacco, particularly the cancer of lungs and throat.

Question 3.
Write down the effects of Alcohol on our health.
Answer:
Effects of Alcohol on our Health:
Alcohol is a liquid intoxicant. It is legally binding to write on each bottle of alcohol-“Drinking is injurious to health.” Even then more and more people are becoming addict to alcohol, and seem to ignore the statutory warning totally. Thus, more and more such people are becoming prey to many diseases. Their lungs get defected. The liver is damaged. Age declines. Alcohol, in fact, adversely affects all parts of the body. At first man fakes alcohol, then alcohol begins to take (consume) him. Alcohol has several bad effects, some of which are listed below:

Alcohol affects the brain first of all. Nervous system gets affected and the brain weakens. The thinking power or faculty declines.
The kidneys in the body weaken.
Alcohol becomes a hindrance in the production of digestive juices, as a result of which digestion becomes poor.
Respiration increases, and one suffers from diseases pertaining to respiratory system.
Blood vessels expand under the influence of regular drinking. Brain has to exert more, and one may suffer a heart attack any moment.
Regular drinking decreases the work capacity of muscles, The body gets weak to face the attack of disease germs.
The studies have revealed that a drunkard works less than a normal person. A drunkard also suffers from various diseases sooner than a normal individual.
Drinking is a social evil as it ruins home, health and wealth.

Question 4.
What are the intoxicants that cause cancer?
Answer:
Cancer causes with the consuming of cigarettes, bidis, jarda, Kheni etc. These are made from tobacco.

Effects of Smoking on Health:
In our country smoking and consuming tobacco has become a habit and fashion. There are several ways to consume tobacco such as smoking cigarettes, bidis, cigars, hubble-bubble, etc. Tobacco is also eaten in many forms such as eating “paan”, tobacco mixed with lime, “jarda”, etc. There is a dangerous toxic substance; called nicotine in tobacco. There are other toxins like ammonia, carbon dioxide, etc. Nicotine has its adverse effect on the head which begins to feel giddy, and then the heart is badly affected.
The harms of tobacco on health are as under:

Eating or taking tobacco weakens eyesight.
It increases heart beat. One suffers from heart diseases which often prove fatal.
Studies have revealed that tobacco consuming contracts blood vessels.
Tobacco benumbs the body tissues. One does not have good sleep and ultimately suffers from sleeplessness.
Stomach begins to remain upset with tobacco consumption.
Tobacco also causes cough, and the consumer of tobacco is prone to lung diseases like T.B.
The possibility of suffering from cancer increases with the excessive use of tobacco, particularly the cancer of lungs and throat.

Question 5.
What is the identity of the drug user in Society?
Answer:
Ever since time immemorial man has been using intoxicants. He was of the opinion that their use was helpful in removing some diseases and in making one feel fresh. But later on the harmful effects of intoxicants came to light. In today’s world, many types of intoxicants have come into use and are easily available. The sports world, in particular, feels concerned and worried. There is no doubt that man can work overtime by consuming some intoxicants, but in the long ran overwork results in his fast decay and death. Among these intoxicants some are worse than leprosy. Such intoxicants as alcohol, tobacco, opium, hashish, bhang, etc. are very harmful to one’s health.

The problem of drag addiction affects the drag user as well as his family and society. Drug user does not take interest in any kind of work. As a result he himself becomes a responsibility of the society and family. Nobody wants his friendship and respects him. It becomes more difficult for him to purchase costly drags daily. As a result he commits crimes to pay for his drags. Thus he loses his character and the relationship with
society becomes unhealthy.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Guide Drug Addiction-A Curse Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Name four intoxicants:
(A) Alcohol
(B) Tobacco
(C) Bhang and Opium
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 2.
Name any two systems which are being affected by intoxicants?
(A) Digestive and circulatory system
(B) Mentle system
(C) Bone system
(D) None of them.
Answer:
(A) Digestive and circulatory system
(B) Mentle system

Question 3.
Write any harms of intoxicants on sports person.
(A) Carelessness
(B) Irresponsibility
(C) Headache
(D) None of them.
Answer:
(A) Carelessness
(B) Irresponsibility

Question 4.
Write measures to get rid of drag addiction.
(A) Motivation
(B) Conference
(C) Psychological method
(D) All above
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 5.
Effects of smoking on health:
(A) The possibility of suffering from cancer.
(B) Tobacco is prone to lung diseases like T.B.
(C) Stomach begins to get weaker.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Question 6.
Effects of alcohol on our health.
(A) Alcohol affects the brain.
(B) The kidneys in the body get weaker.
(C) Digestive system become poor.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name any two systems which are being affected by intoxicants.
Answer:
Digestive system and circulatory system.

Question 2.
Write any two harms of intoxicants.
Answer:

Face becomes pale.
Disturbance of mental concentration.

Question 3.
Write any two harms of intoxicants on sportsperson.
Answer:

Carelessness and irresponsibility.
End of Sportsmanship

Question 4.
Alcohol affects brain. (Right or wrong)
Answer:
Right.

Question 5.
Chewing tobacoo causes weak eyesight. (Right or wrong)
Answer:
Right.

Question 6.
Smoking causes cancer or not.
Answer:
Causes cancer.

Question 7.
Use of Tobacco does not cause cough and the consumption of tobacco is not prone to T.B. (Right or wrong)
Answer:
Wrong.

Question 8.
Under the influence of intoxicants player become careless. (Right or wrong)
Answer:
Right.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Prepare a list of some commonly used intoxicants.
Answer:

Alcohol
Bhang
Caffeine
Opium
Hashish
Ademwin
Tobacco
Snuff
Kheni
Cigarette
Bidi
Jarda.

Question 2.
What is the harmful effect of narcotics?
Answer:
Narcotic drugs weaken the human body and affects the mind also. The behaviour of the person seems out of control. This affects his personal and social life.

Question 3.
Write any two measures to get rid of drug addiction.
Answer:
1. Motivation: The parents, school teachers and elders of the family play an important role to motivate the children to avoid narcotics.

2. Psychological Method: If it seems difficult, then the person should be prepared to give up drugs with the counselling of a psychologist.

Question 4.
Why is it important to get rid from Drug addiction?
Answer:
Drugs have become a great problem in the society nowadays. Drugs affect the user’s body by weakening the digestive system, immune system, circulatory system, respiratory system, metabolism, nervous system, etc. The persistent use of drugs may cause many severe diseases such as hypertension, numbness, diabetes, jaundice, cancer, etc. The risk of heart related diseases also increases, hands start shaking, the person suffers mental imbalance as well.

Use of narcotic drugs affects the behaviour of the person very badly. He loses control over his senses and quarrels with people without any genuine reason. The drug addict remains irritated all the time as the narcotics severely affects all the systems of his body. People of the society avoid him which further adds to his irritation. So it is very important to get rid of drug addiction.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 7 National Song and Anthem

January 12, 2024January 11, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 7 National Song and Anthem Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Physical Education Chapter 7 National Song and Anthem

Physical Education Guide for Class 6 PSEB National Song and Anthem Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Write the national anthem Jana-Gana-Mana.
Answer:
Jana-Gana-Mana adhinayak jaya hai
Bharat-Bhagya Vidhata
Punjab-Sindh, Gujrath Maratha
Dravid Utkala Vanga
Vindhaya Himachal Yamuna, Ganga
Uchchala Jaladhi Taranga
Tav shubh naame jage
Tav shubh aashish maghe
Gahe tava jaya gaatha
Jan-Gan-Mangal-dayak-Jaya hai
Bharata Bhagya Vidhata
Jaya hey, jaya hey, jaya hey
Jaya jaya jaya jaya hey.

Question 2.
Write the national song Vande Mataram.
Answer:
Vande Mataram
Sujalam Suphalam Malayaj-Sheetalam
Sasya Shyamalam Mataram
Vande Mataram
Shubhrajyotsna Pulkita Yaminim
Phula Kusumit Drumadala Shobhinim
Suhasini Sumadhura Bhashinim
Sukhdam Vardam Mataram
Vande Mataram
Koti-koti kantha kalakala ninada Karale
Koti-Koti bhujair dhrita-Khara Kuravalc
Abala kena mueta bale.
Bahubaladharinim, namami tarinim,
Ripudalavarinim Mataram!
Tumi Vidya, tumi dharma,
Tumi hridi, tumi marma,
Tvam hi pranah sharire,
Bahute tumi ma shakti,
Hridaye tumi ma bhakti,
Tomarayipratima gari mandire mandire!
Tyam hi Durga dashap raharana dharini,
Kamala, kamaladalvaiharini,
Vani, Vidyadayini namami tvam,
Namami, Kamalam, amalam, atulam,
Sujalam, Suphalam, Mataram,
Vande Mataram!

Question 3.
What is the significance of the Anthem Jana-Gana-Mana?
Answer:
O Lord! you are the master of the minds of innumerable people and the architect of the destiny of India. Further, illustrating the picture of the dear land it has been said that the people of our provinces Punjab, Sindh, Gujrat, Maharasfitra, Orissa and Bengal our mountains Vindhayachal and the Himalayas and our holy rivers, Ganga, Yamuna and the rising waves of the vast ocean, recite your (God’s) name. We pray to receive your blessings and sing the glory of your countless qualities.

Question 4.
What is the meaning of Vande Mataram?
Answer:
O! Mother Bharat, we salute you.Your water is very pure. You are laden with beautiful flowers. The breezy winds of the south fascinate our minds. Hey! Motherland, we salute you time and again.

Dear Mother! your nights are brightened by the white blooming lights of the moon. And we derive pleasure out of it. The whole of you are laden with flowers and the green and fresh trees lend grace to you. Your smiles and your words bless us with it.

Question 5.
Fill up the blanks:
(a) Jana-Gana-Mana has been composed by- Rabindranath Tagore.
(b) Vande Matram has been written by- Bankim Chandra Chatterjee.

Question 6.
On what occasions can the tune of the National Anthem be played?
Answer:

On 15th August at the time of unfurling the National Flag.
On 26th January, the Republic Day celebrations at the time of unfurling the National Flag.
At the time of salutation to the President and the Governor.
At the time of giving prizes to the winning Indian players at International Sports Matches.
At some vast national congregation, at the time of giving honour to the presiding officer.

PSEB 6th Class Physical Education Guide National Song and Anthem Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
On what occasion can the tune of the National Anthem be played?
(A) On 15th August
(B) On 26th January
(C) At the time of salutation to the President and the Governor.
(D) All above.
Answer:
(A) On 15th August
(B) On 26th January

Question 2.
The name of our two National Songs.
(A) Jana-Gana-Mana and Vande Mataram
(B) Jana-ManS-Gana
(C) Vande Mataram
(D) None of them.
Answer:
(A) Jana-Gana-Mana and Vande Mataram

Question 3.
Who wrote the Jana-Gana-Mana?
(A) Rabindranath Tagore
(B) Bankim Chandra
(C) Gandhi Ji
(D) None of them.
Answer:
(A) Rabindranath Tagore

Question 4.
When was our National song firstly sung?
(A) On 27th December 1911
(B) 1920
(C) 1925, December
(D) None of them.
(A) On 27th December 1911
Answer:
(A) On 27th December 1911

Question 5.
When Vande Mataram was sung in congress’s function firstly?
(A) 1896
(B) 1900
(C) 1920
(D) None of them.
Answer:
(A) 1896

Question 6.
When we sing National Anthem or its tune, what things should be kept in mind?
(A) Standing straight
(B) While singing do not move
(C) Do not talk with each other
(D) All above.
Answer:
(D) All above.

Very Short Answers Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of our two national songs.
Answer:
Jana-Gana-Mana and Vande Mataram.

Question 2.
Who wrote Jana-Gana-Mana?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 3.
Who wrote our national song Vande Mataram?
Answer:
Bankim Chandra Chatarjee.

Question 4.
When and in which book Vande Mataram is printed?
Answer:
In 1882, Anandamath.

Question 5.
Who gave the music to Vande Mataram?
Answer:
Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 6.
When was our National song firstly sung?
Answer:
On 27 December, 1911.

Question 7.
When was Jana-Gana-Mana sung as a national anthem?
Answer:
On 26 January, 1950.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write a note on Vande Matram.
Answer:
This song was written in the book ‘Anandamath’ in 1882 by Bankim Chandra Chaterjee. In 1886 the Indian National Congress recited it for the first time on a political occasion. Its music was composed by Rabindranath Tagore.

Question 2.
Write a note on Jana-Gana-Mana.
Answer:
The anthem was recited on 27th December, 1911 at a political, meeting of the Congress. On 24th January, 1950, the Constitution approved the Jana-Gana-Mana as the National Anthem.

Question 3.
When we sing Vande Matram, what things should be kept in mind?
Answer:

Standing straight.
While singing do not talk with each other.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 17 The Chalukyas and the Pallavas

January 12, 2024January 11, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 17 The Chalukyas and the Pallavas Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 17 The Chalukyas and the Pallavas

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Chalukyas and the Pallavas Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about the Chalukyas of South India?
Answer:
The Chalukyas established their rule in South India in the early 6th century A.D. Pulakeshin-I and his son Kirtivarman were early notable kings of this dynasty. Vatapi (modern Badami) in District Bijapur of Karnataka was their capital city. The most famous and strong king’of this dynasty was Pulakeshin-II. He wanted to establish his rule over the whole of the Deccan. He achieved some success in the beginning. He conquered several areas in South India and defeated the Pallavas of Tamil Nadu. He defeated great king Harshavardhana near the river Narmada. But he was defeated by the Pallava king Narasimhavarman-I. This was a big defeat for the Chalukyas. Pulakeshin-II died in 642 A.D. His successors were inefficient and they failed to control the empire. In the middle of the eighth century, the Rashtrakutas defeated them, and ended their rule.

Question 2.
Write a note about the temples of the Chalukyas.
Answer:
The Chalukyas were great lovers of art. They constructed several famous temples at.Aihole, Vatapi and Pattadkal. The Virupaksha and the Pampanatha temples were the most famous. These temples were dedicated to Brahma, Vishnu and Shiva. They had beautiful panels of scenes from the Ramayana. The Chalukyas also got beautiful cave temples built at Vatapi (Badami). These temples are known for their artistic carvings. Most of the sculptures found at Ellora were due to the patronage of the Chalukyas.

Question 3.
What do you know about the Pallavas?
Answer:
The Pallavas were officers of the Satavahanas. When the Satavahana kings became weak, they strengthened their position and captured power. They gradually expanded their state towards the region of Kanchipuram near Chennai in Tamil Nadu. They had to fight many wars against the Pandyas and the Chalukyas. They conquered regions south of Kanchipuram, Tanjore and Puddukottai.

Mahendravarman-I was a famous king of the Pallava dynasty. He was involved in a long struggle with the Chalukya ruler Pulakeshin-II. He was not just a warrior but also a poet and a musician. His son Narasimhavarman-I was also a great warrior. He defeated the Chalukyas and thus avenged the defeat of his father. He also sent two expeditions against Sri Lanka and came out victorious.

The Pallavas were locked in a long struggle with the Cholas. Ultimately, they were defeated and ousted in the 9th century A.D.

Question 4.
Write about the art and architecture of the Pallavas.
Answer:
The Pallavas were great patrons of art and architecture. They were deeply interested in temple building. They got several temples constructed. Some of them were cut out of large rocks such as the Ratha Temples at Mahabalipuram. The Ratha Temples are named after the’ Pandavas of the Mahabharata. Another Pallava temple at Mahabalipuram is known as the Shore Temple. At their capital city Kanchipuram the Pallavas constructed the famous Kailashanath Temple. Besides the sculptures of gods and goddesses, statues of the Pallava kings and queens were»also built in these temples.

The Pallavas also patronised music, dance and painting.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
_______ and _______ were the famous kings of the Chalukyas.
Answer:
Pulakeshin I

Question 2.
Chalukya rulers were the famous patrons of _______
Answer:
Kirtivarman art

Question 3.
_______ founded the Pallava dynasty.
Answer:
Simhavishnu

Question 4.
Pallavas had their capital at _______ near Chennai in Tamil
Answer:
Kanchi,

Question 5.
Pallavas were great patrons and lovers of _______ and _______
Answer:
art, architecture

Question 6.
Pallava rulers were mainly followers of _______ and _______
Answer:
Jainism, Saivism.

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Persian ambassador	(a) Chalukya temple
(2) Virupaksha	(b) Pulakeshin II
(3) Mahabalipuram	(c) Pallava king
(4) Mahendravarman	(d) The Ratha temple.

Answer:
Correct columns :

A	B
(1) Persian ambassador	(b) Pulakeshin II
(2) Virupaksha	(a) Chalukya temple
(3) Mahabalipuram	(d) The Ratha temple.
(4) Mahendravarman	(c) Pallava king

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Pulakeshin-II fought with Harshavardhana.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Aihole and Pattadkal are known for the seashore.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Kanchipuram was the capital of the Chalukyas.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Kailashanath temple was built by the Pallavas.
Answer:
True.

V. Activity (Something To Do) :

Question 1.
Collect pictures of the famous rock-cut temples of South India.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Chalukyas and the Pallavas Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Which was the capital Chalukyas?
(A) Madwari
(B) Varanasi
(C) Aithole
(D) Kanaj.
Answer:
(C) Aithole.

Question 2.
Who was the best chalukya ruler?
(A) Vijayaraja I
(B) Vijayraja II
(C) Samudragupta
(D) Pulakeshin II.
Answer:
(D) Pulakeshin II.

Question 3.
_______ was the court poet of Pulakeshin II?
(A) Ravikirti
(B) Xuan Zang
(C) Banabhatta
(D) Harishana.
Answer:
(A) Ravikirti.

Question 4.
After the decline of kingdom, the Chalukyas and Pallavas emerged in south India.
(A) Rashtrakuta
(B) Satavahana
(C) Pala
(D) Chera
Answer:
(B) Satavahana.

Question 5.
Mahendravarman-I was a powerful king of _______ dynasty
(A) Satavahana
(B) Chera
(C) Pallava
(D) Chola.
Answer:
(C) Pallava.

Question 6.
Ratha Temple at Mahabalipuram was made under _______dynasty.
(A) Pallava
(B) Chera
(C) Satavahana
(D) Chola.
Answer:
(A) Pallava.

Question 7.
Pallavas were ousted by the __________
(A) Cheras
(B) Cholas
(C) Rashtrakutas
(D) Palas.
Answer:
(B) Cholas.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the capital city of the Chalukyas.
Answer:
Vatapi (Badami).

Question 2.
Who was the most powerful ruler of the Chalukya dynasty?
Answer:
Pulakeshin-II.

Question 3.
Name the ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty who was defeated by Pulakeshin-II.
Answer:
Harshavardhana.

Question 4.
Name the Chinese traveller who visited the kingdom of Pulakeshin-II.
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang.

Question 5.
When did Pulakeshin-II die?
Answer:
Pulakeshin-II died in 642 A.D.

Question 6.
Name the most famous temples constructed by the Chalukyas.
Answer:
The Virupaksha and the Pampanatha.

Question 7.
Where did the Pallavas rule?
Answer:
The Pallavas ruled in Tamil Nadu and parts of Andhra Pradesh.

Question 8.
Who defeated the Pallava king Vishnugopavarman?
Answer:
The Gupta ruler Samudragupta defeated Vishnugopavarman.

Question 9.
When and by whom was a new Pallava dynasty established?
Answer:
A new Pallava dynasty was established in the last quarter of the 6th century A.D. by Simhavishnu.

Question 10.
Who ousted the Pallavas and when?
Answer:
The Cholas ousted the Pallavas in the 9th century A.D.

Question 11.
Who were Alwars and Nayannars?
Answer:
The Alwars were the devotees of Vishnu and Nayannars were the devotees of Shiva.

Question 12.
Who built the Ratha Temple at Mahabalipuram?
Answer:
The Pallavas.

Question 13.
Name the two important enemies of the Chalukyas.
Answer:
The Rashtrakutas in the north and the Pallavas in the south were the two important enemies of the Chalukyas.

Question 14.
Besides religious centres, what other functions were performed in the Pallava temples?
Answer:
Besides religious centres, the Pallava temples were also centres of social activities and education.

Question 15.
Name two important books written during the Pallava period.
Answer:
Manimekhalai and Shilpadikaram.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Who was Hiuen Tsang? About which state did he write his account?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang was a Chinese traveller who visited India during the reign of Pulakeshin-II of the Chalukya dynasty. Then the Chalukya kingdom was at its height. Hiuen Tsang wrote an account about the life, administration and economic and religious conditions of the Chalukya state.

Question 2.
What do you know about the Pallava king Narasimhavarman-I?
Answer:
The Pallava king Narasimhavarman-I was a powerful ruler. He defeated Pulakeshin-II of the Chalukya dynasty. He also made several other victories and expanded his empire. He fought battles against the Pandya, Chera and Chola kings. He sent two expeditions against Sri Lanka and was successful. He made Kanchipuram his capital city.

Question 3.
Write a brief note on the religion of the Pallava age.
Answer:
The Pallava kings were mainly followers of Jainism and Shaivism. But they adopted the policy of religious tolerance. They respected all religions. Hiuen Tsang visited the Pallavas’ capital city Kanchipuram in 642 A.D. He writes that Buddhism, Jainism, and Hinduism flourished side by side in the Pallava kingdom.

Question 4.
How is the age of the Pallavas of Kanchi memorable?
Answer:
The age of the Pallavas of Kanchi is memorable in the political and cultural history of India. The Pallavas established a great empire. Kanchi became a great centre of Brahminical as well as Buddhist learning. Many of the Vaishnav Alwars and Shaiva Nayannars flourished during the rule of the Pallavas of Kanchi.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 6 Changes Around Us

January 12, 2024January 11, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Changes Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 6 Changes Around Us

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Changes Around Us Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 53)

Question 1.
Before preparing roti your mother makes a ball from the dough. Can the ball be reversed into dough?
Answer:
Yes, the ball can be reversed into the dough.

Question 2.
You make a toy boat from a piece of paper. Can you obtain back the paper in original form?
Answer:
Yes, we can obtain back the paper in original form.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 54)

Question 1.
Observe the height of students of class 5th and of class 8th. Is the change in height a reversible or irreversible change ?
Answer:
The change in height is an irreversible change.

Question 2.
Is burning of candle reversible or irreversible change ?
Answer:
The burning of candle is an irreversible change.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 55)

Question 1.
Which type of change is involved in tearing of paper ?
Answer:
Physical change.

Question 2.
Which type of change is involved in melting of ice to water ?
Answer:
Physical change.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 56)

Question 1.
What type of change is observed in formation of paneer from milk ?
Answer:
Irreversible change.

Question 2.
Name the change involved in formation of wax from burning candles.
Answer:
Physical change.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 57)

Question 1.
Have you seen Bunsen Burner in the shop of goldsmith? What is its purpose there ?
Answer:
It is used for melting of gold.

Question 2.
When you put clinical thermometer in your mouth, why do Mercury in the thermometer rises and why it falls down when you take it out ? (noted that Mercury is a metal which is liquid at room temperature)
Answer:
Metals expand on heating and contract on cooling. When we put clinical thermometer in our mouth due to higher temperature inside the mouth the mercury in the thermometer rises. When we take out the mercury falls because the outside temperature is lower than the temperature of the mouth.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Changes Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) A new substance is always formed in …………….. change.
Answer:
chemical

(b) Melting of ice is ……………… and ……………… change.
Answer:
physical, reversible

(d) On heating, metals ………………
Answer:
expand

(e) Change that is repeated after regular interval of time is known as …………….
Answer:
periodic change

Write True or False:

(a) Converting milk into paneer is a reversible change.
Answer:
False

(b) Rusting of iron is a slow change.
Answer:
True

(d) Melting of snow from mountains is a natural change.
Answer:
True

(e) Bursting of crackers is a fast change.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A	Column B
1. Freezing of water	(a) Non-periodic
2. Milk to curd	(b) Physical and reversible
3. Burning of matchstick	(c) Periodic
4. Earthquake	(d) Fast
5. Change of season	(e) Chemical.

Answer:

Column A	Column B
1. Freezing of water	(b) Physical and reversible
2. Milk to curd	(e) Chemical.
3. Burning of matchstick	(d) Fast
4. Earthquake	(a) Non-periodic
5. Change of season	(c) Periodic.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Cooking of food is which type of change ?
(a) Physical
(b) Fast
(c) Reversible
(d) Irreversible.
Answer:
(d) Irreversible.

Question (ii)
Which of the following is change a non-periodic ?
(a) Heart beat
(b) Earthquake
(c) Occurence of day and night
(d) Motion of pendulum.
Answer:
(b) Earthquake

Question (iii)
Which of the following expand on heating ?
(a) Wood
(b) Paper
(c) Metal
(d) Cloth.
Answer:
(c) Metal

Question (iv)
Rusting of iron is which type of change ?
(a) Reversible
(b) Slow
(c) Periodic
(d) Fast.
Answer:
(b) Slow

Question (v)
Growth in plants and animals is which type of change :
(a) Slow
(b) Reversible
(c) Chemical
(d) Periodic.
Answer:
(a) Slow

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are changes ?
Answer:
Change is an act by which a thing becomes different from its previous one.

Question (ii)
Define slow and fast changes with examples.
Answer:
Slow changes are those which takes more time to happen. For example, growing of tree, a baby becoming adult, etc.
Fast changes are those that happen very fast. For example, burning of match stick, bursting of crackers, etc.

Question (iii)
Give two examples of reversible change.
Answer:
Melting of ice and expansion of metals on heating.

Question (iv)
Why, the iron rim is slightly smaller in diameter than the wooden wheels ?
Answer:
The metal rim used is slightly smaller in diameter than the wooden wheels because
on heating the rim expands and can easily lie on the wheels. When the rim cools, it contracts and fits tightly onto the wheel.

Question (v)
Give two examples of chemical change.
Answer:
Converting milk into cheese and curd, cooking of vegetables.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Give differences between periodic and non-periodic changes with examples.
Answer:
Periodic change. Changes that are repeated after regular interval of time are called periodic changes.
Examples are change of day and night, swinging of pendulum of clock, beating of heart, change of seasons.

Non-periodic change. Changes that are not repeated after regular interval of time are called non-periodic changes.
Examples are occurrence of earthquakes, occurrence of rain, etc.

Question (ii)
Give differences between reversible and irreversible changes with examples.
Answer:
Reversible change. When a change in a substance can be reversed by changing the conditions it is said to be a reversible change.
Examples are melting of ice, evaporation of water, etc.

Irreversible Change. If a substance after change cannot be brought back to its original state then the change is said to be an irreversible change.
Examples are cooking of food, converting milk into cheese and curd, etc.

Question (iii)
Why a candle in reduces in size on burning ?
Answer:
On burning, some of the wax melts and some of it changes to carbon dioxide and water. Due to these changes the size of the candle reduces on burning.

Question (iv)
Give differentce between physical and chemical changes with examples.
Answer:
Physical Change.
Physical change is a temporary change in which no new substance is formed and chemical composition of the original substance remains the same. During this change colour, shape, size, state, etc. may change. It is a reversible change. Melting of ice, blowing of balloon, stretching of rubber, tearing of paper, folding a paper, etc. are some of the examples of physical changes.

Chemical changes.
Any change which is permanent, in which new substances are formed whose physical and chemical properties are completely different from those of the original substance is called a chemical change. Chemical changes are irreversible in nature.
Ripening of mango, cooking of food, converting milk to paneer, growth of plants, etc. are some of the examples of chemical changes.

7. Long Answer Type Question:

Question (i)
What is expansion ? Define thermal expansion ? Explain with two examples.
Answer:
Expansion. It can be defined as the increase in the dimension of a body when
subjected to high temperature and high pressure. For example blowing of balloon, stretching of spring.
When expansion is due to increase in temperature it is called as thermal expansion.
We can explain this with the help of many examples.

When we put clinical thermometer in our mouth, the level of mercury increases. This is because mercury is a metal and metals expand on heating.
A metal ball which can pass through a ring on heating becomes larger in size and cannot pass through the same ring.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Changes Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Balloon bursts:
(a) when we blow it.
(b) when we put water into it.
(c) when it is pricked.
(d) all the above.
Answer:
(c) when it is pricked.

Question 2.
Water changes into vapours:
(a) on cooling
(b) on heating
(c) by both (i) and (ii)
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) on heating

Question 3.
Cow dung changes to biogas. It is an example of:
(a) Reversible change
(b) Irreversible change
(c) both
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) Irreversible change

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) When a fully blown balloon is pricked, it ………………
Answer:
bursts

(b) Pencil changes its …………….. and size with repeated use.
Answer:
shape

(d) Ice ……………. when it is heated.
Answer:
melts

(e) The change of milk to paneer is a ……………….. change.
Answer:
irreversible

(f) When two substances are mixed together, they undergo …………… only on heating.
Answer:
changes

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statement:

(a) Salt cannot be separated from its solution.
Answer:
False

(b) Flowers bloom and wither away.
Answer:
True

(d) When a candle bums, its size decreases.
Answer:
True

(e) Iron expands on heating.
Answer:
True

(f) Many changes occur due to some magical power.
False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What type of a change is cooking of food ?
Answer:
Irreversible change.

Question 2.
What happens when we blow a balloon ?
Answer:
It expands and grows in size.

Question 3.
Can rolled out roti be reversed to dough ?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 4.
Give an example of irreversible change.
Answer:
Cutting of paper into bits.

Question 5.
When candle burns which change takes place ?
Answer:
Irreversible change.

Question 6.
Define solution.
Answer:
Solution. A clear homogeneous mixture of solid and liquid is called solution. For example, salt dissolved in water.

Question 7.
What type of change is a change of climate ?
Answer:
Slow change.

Question 8.
What type of change is a cooking of food ?
Answer:
Irreversible change.

Question 9.
What type of change is rusting of iron ?
Answer:
Irreversible change. During rusting a reddish brown substance iron oxide is formed.

Question 10.
State whether burning of a piece of paper is a reversible or an irreversible change.
Answer:
Burning of a piece of paper is an irreversible change.

Question 11.
Is printing a reversible or an irreversible change ?
Answer:
Printing is an irreversible change.

Question 12.
Can we say that ironing of a cloth is a reversible change ?
Answer:
Yes, ironing of a cloth is a reversible change.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the various changes taking place in nature.
Answer:
Changes in nature.

Falling of leaves from trees.
Blooming of flowers.
Ripening of fruits.
Drying of wet clothes.
Growth of nails and hair.

Question 2.
Give examples of changes which can be reversed easily.
Answer:
Reversible changes.

Blowing air into a balloon.
Rolling out a roti.
Folding paper toys.
Melting of ice.

Question 3.
Write few changes which cannot be reversed at all.
Answer:
Irreversible Changes.

Growth of a person.
Baked roti.
Baked earthen pot in oven.
Burning of candle.

Question 4.
Why is curd formation an irreversible change ?
Answer:
Curd formation is done by adding little curd to warm milk. In this method, the milk sets into curd and curd cannot be churned back into milk. So curd formation is an irreversible change.

Question 5.
Classify the following changes :
(i) Heating black material (tar) for repairing a road.
(ii) Melting of ice cubes.
(iii) Growth of hair.
(iv) Heating wax.
(v) Burning of candle.
(vi) Burning of incense stick.
Answer:
(i) Reversible change.
(ii) Reversible Change.
(iii) Irreversible Change.
(iv) Reversible Change.
(v) Irreversible Change.
(vi) Irreversible Change.

Question 6.
Write some changes that you see around yourself.
Answer:

The flowers bloom
Nails grow
Hair grow
body weight increases or decreases
Leaves fall from tree
Colour of leaf changes from green to yellow etc.

Question 7.
Write few changes that cannot be reversed.
Answer:

Breaking of a glass.
Germination of seed.
Grain to its flour.

Question 8.
Write few changes which can be reversed.
Answer:

Cold milk to hot milk.
Melting of ice cream.
Stretched rubber band to its normal size.

Question 9.
Most physical changes are reversible. Give reasons with two examples.
Answer:
Most physical changes are reversible because no new products are formed. The original products can be obtained on reversing the reaction. For example,

Water on freezing changes to ice and on heating ice, again water can be obtained.
Wax melts on heating. On cooling, again the wax can be obtained.

Question 10.
Classify the following as reversible or irreversible changes :
(i) Growth of a plant.
(ii) Ploughing a field.
(iii) Melting of wax.
(iv) Falling of rain.
(v) Pulling of rubber string.
(vi) Breaking of a glass rod.
(vii) Cooking of food.
Answer:
Reversible changes : Ploughing a field, Melting of wax, Pulling of rubber string.

Irreversible changes : Growth of a plant, Falling of rain, Cooking of food, Breaking a glass rod.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the following terms :
(i) Reversible change
(ii) Irreversible change
(iii) Contraction
(iv) Evaporation
(v) Condensation
(vi) Combustion.
Answer:
(i) Reversible changes. The changes in which original substances can be recovered by reversing the process, are called reversible changes, e.g. when wax is heated, it melts and when the liquid wax is cooled, it solidifies.

(ii) Irreversible changes. The changes in which the original substance cannot be recovered by reversing the process are called irreversible changes, e.g. formation of ash by burning coal.

(iii) Contraction. It is the property of substance by which the size of the substances decreases on cooling.

(iv) Evaporation. The process of conversion of liquid into vapour state by heating is known as evaporation.

(v) Condensation. The process of conversion of vapours into liquid by cooling is known
as condensation.

(vi) Combustion. Some substances start burning on heating. This is called combustion. If we light a candle, the wax in the wick bums.

Question 2.
State the reason for following :
(i) Heating of metal rim to fix on wooden wheel.
(ii) Storing of cooked food in refrigerator.
(iii) Coating of iron sheet with tin before making a can.
(iv) Cutting of trees for fuel and furniture.
(v) Burning of a candle.
Answer:
(i) Metal rim is at first heated so that it increases in size. It is then slipped on wooden wheel. Water is poured on it so that iron rim contracts on cooling and fixes firmly to hold the wooden wheel.

(ii) Bacteria and microbes can easily spoil cooked food at room temperature. But in refrigerator, the temperature is low as compared to outside which prevents (inhibits) the growth of the microbes. So, cooked food is kept in refrigeration to prevent it from spoiling.

(iii) Iron sheet can easily rust in presence of air and moisture. But tin cannot rust. So, iron sheet is coated with tin to prevent from rusting.

(iv) Trees are being cut for fuel and other numerous wood items. But cutting of trees lead to many adverse effects, such as soil erosion, less rain fall, unfertile soil etc. So, cutting of trees must be banned.

(v) A candle burns involves both chemical and physical change. In it some wax melts into liquid form while some converts into gas which bum in air to give a flame.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Solutions Chapter 16 The Period of Harshavardhana (600 – 650 A.D.)

January 12, 2024January 11, 2024 by Bhagya

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Social Science Book Solutions History Chapter 16 The Period of Harshavardhana (600 – 650 A.D.) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 16 The Period of Harshavardhana (600 – 650 A.D.)

SST Guide for Class 6 PSEB The Period of Harshavardhana (600 – 650 A.D.) Textbook Questions and Answers

I. Answer the following questions :

Question 1.
What do you know about Hiuen Tsang?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang: Hiuen Tsang was a famous Chinese traveller who visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana. He was the royal guest in Harsha’s court. He spent nearly 15 years in India. He wrote about India and her people in detail.

Question 2.
Write a note about Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Harshavardhana was the most important ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty. His brother Rajyavardhana and his sister’s husband Grahavarman who was the ruler of Maukhari, were assassinated by Shashanka, the king of Bengal, with the help of the king of Malwa. Therefore, Harshavardhana ascended the throne in 606 A.D., after the death of his brother.

After ascending the throne Harshavardhana moved his capital from Sthaneshwar to Kannauj and became the joint ruler of both (Pushyabhuti and Maukhari) the states. He vowed to take revenge of the death of his brother and sister’s husband. After a few years he killed Shashanka and thus conquered Bengal. He conquered several other territories also and became the most powerful ruler of North India. He also led a military campaign against Pulakeshin- II of Chalukya dynasty of South India but failed.

Harshavardhana was a great scholar. He wrote three plays in Sanskrit, namely Priyadarshika, Ratnavali and Nagananda.

Harshavardhana was a follower of Shaivism but he respected other faiths also. He had special respect for Buddhism. He convened an assembly of Buddhists at Kannauj under the chairmanship of Hiuen Tsang. He also held assemblies at Allahabad after every five years. In one such assembly he is said to have given away all his wealth in charity.
Harshavardhana passed away in about 647 A.D. and with his death the rule of the Pushyabhuti dynasty also ended.

Question 3.
What do you know about the society of this period?
Answer:
The caste system was in existence in India during Harshavardhana’s period. The untouchables were treated badly. They had to live outside the towns. The houses of rich people were beautifully built. On the other hand, the poor lived in small houses having mud floors. The dress of the people varied from region to region. The people were honest and lovers of freedom. They loved and respected each other. Most of the people were vegetarians. There were not many criminals. The Hinduism was much popular among the people, whereas the Buddhism was less popular among them.

Question 4.
Write about the administration of Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Harshavardhana was supreme in his empire. He himself made a visit of empire in order to know about the problems and difficulties of his people.There was a council of ministers to help him in administration. He himself appointed the ministers. The entire empire was divided into provinces, districts and villages. Villages were administered by Panchayats. Justice was imparted to all. Judicial system was efficient. Punishments were rigorous. Land revenue was the main source of income of the state. It was 1/ 6th of the produce and paid both in cash and kind.

II. Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Harshavardhana made ________ his capital.
Answer:
Kanauj

Question 2.
________ a faftious Chinese visited India during the reign of Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Hsuan Tsang

Question 3.
An account of Hashavardhana tells us that he donated the income of about ________ villages for Nalanda University.
Answer:
200

III. Match the columns :

Question 1.

A	B
(1) Pushyabhutis	(a) Writer
(2) Hiuen Tsang	(b) Khurtkshetra
(3) Banabhatta	(c) Chinese traveller
(4) Dutaka	(d) Messenger

Answer:
Correct columns:

A	B
(1) Pushyabhutis	(b) Khurtkshetra
(2) Hiuen Tsang	(c) Chinese traveller
(3) Banabhatta	(a) Writer
(4) Dutaka	(d) Messenger

IV. Write ‘true’ or ‘false’ in the brackets given after each statement :

Question 1.
Harshavardhana ascended the throne in, 606 A.D.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
Pulakeshin-II was the king of Bihar.
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
People did not pay any taxes to the king.
Answer:
False.

Question 4.
Most of the people were vegetarians.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Rajyavardhana was the father of Harsha.
Answer:
False.

V. Activities (Something To Do):

Question 1.
Draw a sketch map of India and indicate Thanesar, Kanauj, Nalanda, Vatapi, Ellora on it.
Answer:
Do it yourself.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Guide The Period of Harshavardhana (600 – 650 A.D.) Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The rule of Harshavardhana was around ________ years ago.
(A) 1400
(B) 1500
(C) 1600
(D) 1700.
Answer:
(A) 1400.

Question 2.
Who among the following wrote a about Hershavardhana?
(A) Banabhatta
(B) Xuna Zang
(C) Ravi Kirti’
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Question 3.
Harshacharitta was written by ________
(A) Harishana
(B) Banabhatta
(C) Arya Bhatta
(D) Xuan Zangt
Answer:
(B) Banabhatta.

Question 4.
________ dynasty rose in northern India after the decline of the Gupta empire.
(A) Pushyabhuti
(B) Mauryan
(C) Kushana
(D) Slave.
Answer:
(A) Pushyabhuti.

Question 5.
________ was the most important ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty.
(A) dynasty
(B) Harshavardhana
(C) Ashoka
(D) Bindusara.
Answer:
(B) Harshavardhana.

Question 6.
Shashanka was the king of ________
(A) Bengal
(B) Bihar
(C) Bengal
(D) Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
(A) Bengal.

Question 7.
Hiuen Tsang visited India during the times of.
(A) Ashoka
(B) Harshavarardhaka
(C) Sheshanka
(D) Chandragupta II.
Answer:
(B) Harshavardhana.

Question 8.
Nalanda is situated in
(A) Bengal
(B) Odisha
(C) Bihar
(D) Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
(C) Bihar

Question 9.
Which of these play was written by Harshavardhana?
(A) Priyadarshika
(B) Rathavali
(C) Nagananda
(D) All of these.
Answer:
(D) All of these.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name some of the states that rose in Northern India after the decline of the Gupta Empire.
Answer:
The Maukharis of Kannauj, the later Guptas of Magadha, the Maitrakas in Gujarat and Shashanka in Bengal.

Question 2.
Where did the Pushyabhutis start their rule?
Answer:
The Pushyabhutis started their rule in the region of Kurukshetra in the present day Haryana.

Question 3.
Name the capital city of the Pushyabhuti dynasty.
Answer:
Sthaneshwar (Thanesar).

Question 4.
Who was the most important ruler of the Pushyabhuti dynasty?
Answer:
Harshavardhana.

Question 5.
Where and why did Harshavardhana change his capital?
Answer:
Harshavardhana changed his capital from Sthaneshwar to Kannauj. He believed that Kannauj was a central place to rule whole of India.

Question 6.
Who wrote biography of Harshavardhana?
Answer:
Banabhatta.

Question 7.
Name the South Indian ruler who defeated Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Pulakeshin-II.

Question 8.
What was Harshavardhana’s religion?
Answer:
Shaivism.

Question 9.
Name the plays written by Harshavardhana.
Answer:
Priyadarshika, Ratnavali and Na

Question 10.
When did Harshavardhana die?
Answer:
In about 647 A.D.

Question 11.
What was the effect of Harshavardhana’s death on his kingdom?
Answer:
His kingdom was divided into several smaller units which kept fighting with one another.

Question 12.
From where do we come to know about Harsha-vardhana’s period?
Answer:
From Hiuen Tsang’s accounts and Banabhatta’s Harshachrita.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the kings defeated by Harshavardhana. Did he conquer the kings of the Deccan?
Answer:
Harshavardhana defeated the kings of Punjab, Eastern Rajasthan and Assam. He ruled over almost the whole of North India.

After he had taken over Northern India under his control, he launched several campaigns against the Deccan rulers. But he did not conquer the Deccan. He was stopped by the army of Pulakeshin- II of the Chalukya dynasty.

Question 2.
What was Harshavardhana’s religion? How did he behave towards other religions?
Answer:
Harshavardhana was a follower of Shaivism but he bestowed his patronage on other religions as well. At Prayag he held a great assembly. He followed a tolerant religious policy. He r generously gave gifts to the Brahamanas as well as to Jains.

Question 3.
How did Hiuen Tsang describe the people of Indip?
Answer:
Hiuen Tsang described the people of India as hot tempered and quick to anger but honest. Indians were also particular about cleanliness. Except for some robberies, there were not many crimes, There was no death sentence.

Question 4.
What do you know about the economy of Harshavardhana’s period?
Answer:
In Harshavardhana’s time, agriculture was the main occupation of people. Cattle rearing was also done. Trade and carftsmanship were other occupations. People paid taxes regularly to the king both in cash and kind.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Describe the achievements of Harshavardhana as a ruler.
Answer:
Harshavardhana became the king of Sthaneshwar at the age of sixteen. He soon gathered the courage and ability to establish one of the largest kingdoms of his time.

His achievements can be described as under :
1. A Great Conquerer: Harshavardhana conquered the five kingdoms of the North, namely Punjab, Kannauj, Bengal, Bihar, and Orissa. However, he was defeated by Pulakeshin-II of the Chalukya dynasty.

2. A Great Ruler: Harshavardhana administered his empire efficiently. Taxes were reasonable. Punishments were severe. He also kept a strong army. He acted on the advice of his ministers.

3. A Patron of Literature: Harshavardhana was a great patron of literature. Banabhatta was one of his court poets. He wrote Harsha’s biography, Harshachrita. Harshavardhana himself was a great scholar. He wrote three plays in Sanskrit, namely Ratnavali, Nagananda, and Priyadarshika.

4. Religious Tolerance: Harshavardhana was a follower of Shaivism but he respected all other religions also. He had special respect for Buddhism. He convened an assembly of Buddhists at Kannauj. In the Prayag Assembly, he worshipped the Buddha, the Sun, and Shiva.