PSEB Notes

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 8.

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Book Solutions: Geography Resources and their Development

PSEB 8th Class Social Science Guide: History : Our Past-III

Social Science Guide for Class 8 PSEB Civics : Social and Political Life

PSEB 8th Class Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 8th Class Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 8.

PSEB 8th Class Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 8th Class Science Notes in Punjabi Medium

PSEB 8th Class Science Notes in Hindi Medium

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 7.

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes Geography: Our Environment

PSEB 7th Class Social Science Notes History: Our Past-II

Social Science Notes for Class 7 PSEB Civics: Democracy and Equality

PSEB 7th Class Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 7th Class Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 7.

PSEB 7th Class Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 7th Class Science Notes in Punjabi Medium

PSEB 7th Class Science Notes in Hindi Medium

PSEB 7th Class Computer Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 7.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Notes in Punjabi Medium

PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Notes in Hindi Medium

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 6th Class Social Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 6.

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Notes Geography: The Earth – Our Habitat

PSEB 6th Class Social Science Notes History: People and Society in the Ancient Period

Social Science Notes for Class 6 PSEB Civics: Community and its Development

PSEB 6th Class Computer Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 6th Class Computer Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 6.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 6th Class Computer Science Notes in Punjabi Medium

PSEB 6th Class Computer Science Notes in Hindi Medium

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes in Punjabi English Medium

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Punjab State Board Syllabus PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Pdf in English Medium and Punjabi Medium are part of PSEB Solutions for Class 6.

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes in English Medium

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes in Punjabi Medium

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes in Hindi Medium

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

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This PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 7 Crop Diversification will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

→ Crop diversification is also known as multiple cropping.

→ Crop diversification is to reduce some area under rice-wheat crops and to increase the area under alternate crops like maize, pulses, oilseeds, sugarcane, potato, etc.

→ Crop diversification helps in natural resource sustainability.

→ Maincrop rotation in Punjab is wheat-rice.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

→ There is a consumption of 215 cm water for the wheat-rice cycle in Punjab in a year, but 80% of this water is consumed by rice alone.

→ Punjab is divided into three agroclimatic zones-sub mountainous zones, central zone, and southwestern zone.

→ Kandi belt is included in the sub-mountainous zone.

→ The sub-mountainous zone receives heavy rainfall and there persist problem of soil erosion in this zone.

→ Crops cultivated in, sub-mountainous zones are wheat, maize, paddy, basmati, potato, oilseed, etc.

→ The crop cycle in the central zone of Punjab is wheat-paddy rotation.

→ The crop cycle in the southwestern zone is cotton-wheat rotation.

→ An intensive cropping system means growing more than two crops in a year.

→ Green manuring must be done before cultivating Kharif crops like basmati rice and maize.

→ Maize-based cropping cycle is maize-potato-Summer Moong. or sunflower, maize-potato or Toria-sunflower, etc.

→ The soybean-based cropping system is soybean-wheat-cowpea. This cycle helps in maintaining soil fertility.

→ Groundnut-based cropping system is groundnut-potato or toriya or pea or wheat, groundnut-potato-bajra (fodder), groundnut- toria, or gobhi sarson.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Notes Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

→ Fodder-based cropping system is maize-berseem-bajra, maize-berseem-maize, or cowpea (rawanh).

→ Vegetable-based cropping system: potato-onion-green manure-potato-ladyfinger-early cauliflower, potato (seed)- radish or carrot (seed)-ladyfinger (seed).

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

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This PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal will help you in revision during exams.

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

→ Any substance which is no more useful is called waste.

→ Solid waste is called garbage. It is generated by human activities.

→ Garbage has both useful and non-useful components.

→ There are many types of wastes like industrial waste, domestic waste, agricultural waste, biomedical waste, etc.

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

→ Two types of garbage or solid waste are biodegradable wastes and non-biodegradable waste.

→ For proper disposal of garbage, we must do segregation before disposing of the garbage. We can do this by using differently colored dustbins.

→ To manage the waste there is the 4R’s i.e. reuse, reduce, recycle, refuse.

→ Some parts of the garbage can be reused.

→ Usually, garbage is collected and thrown in landfills.

→ Composting or vermicomposting can be done of useful components or biodegradable components of garbage.

→ Dry leaves, husk of wheat, and part of crops should not be burnt as they produce lots of smoke and harmful gases.

→ Red worms are good for vermicomposting of vegetable and fruit waste, coffee and tea leaves, weeds, etc. but oily, pickled, salty food, and milk products are not good for red worms.

→ Some types of plastics, paper, glass, and metal can be recycled.

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

→ Plastics bum with a foul smell and produce lots of harmful gases.

→ Plastic bags cause choking of drains and sewer systems.

→ Plastic bags eaten by animals are the cause of their death.

→ Plastic is useful as things made of them last long.

→ The incineration method releases harmful gases and causes pollution.

→ e-waste includes discarded mobiles or any electronic device.

→ Garbage: The solid waste is called garbage.

→ Dump: A large low-lying area used to dispose of garbage.

→ Landfill: A low-lying area to be filled by garbage is a landfill.

→ Biodegradable Waste: Waste material that can be decomposed by the action of microorganisms into harmless substances.

PSEB 6th Class Science Notes Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

→ Non-biodegradable Waste: The waste materials that cannot be decomposed easily.

→ Incineration: The process of burning waste in closed containers.

→ Compost: The decomposition of organic material into useful material is compost.

→ Vermi-Composting: The method of preparing compost with the help of red worms is vermicomposting.

→ Gizzard: The teeth like hard structures present in red worms for grinding purposes is called the gizzard.

→ Recycling: The process of using a few materials, again and again, is recycling.