PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 14 Water Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 14 Water

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Water Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 145)

Question 1.
Does every person use same quantity of water every day ?
Answer:
No, every person does not use same quantity of water every day.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 146)

Question 1.
What happens to ice-cream when it is taken out of the refrigerator ?
Answer:
It melts.

Question 2.
What is the state of ice-cream ?
Answer:
Solid.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens when you spill water on the floor in hot summer days ?
Answer:
It evaporates

Question 2.
Why cow’ dung cakes are kept in sunlight ?
Answer:
To become dry as a result of evaporation of water.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 148)

Question 1.
Why do we observe water droplets outside water bottle when taken out from a refrigerator ?
Answer:
The temperature outside refrigerator is warmer and when the bottle comes out of refrigerator, the water vapour present in air condenses and forms droplets of water on surface of bottle. This process is known as condensation.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Water Textbook Questions and Answers

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The process of changing of water into its vapour is called ………………….
Answer:
evaporaion

(b) The process of changing water vapour into water is called …………………
Answer:
condensation

(c) No rainfall for a year or more may lead to ……………… in that region.
Answer:
drought

(d) Excessive rains may cause …………………..
Answer:
clood

(e) Three states of water are …………………….. , ……………….. and ………………. .
Answer:
solid, liquid and gas

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(f) In plants, transpiration takes place through …………….
Answer:
stomata

2. Write True or False:

(a) Ice on cooling changes to steam.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Evaporation of water takes place in sunlight.
Answer:
Flase

(c) We should not repair the pipe having leakage.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Water in ocean is fit for drinking.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Drip irrigation method is useful for farming.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Water conservation (a) Solid form of water
2. Snow (b) Sunny day
3. Precipitation (c) Rainwater harvesting
4. Evaporation (d) Ground water
5. Fresh water (e) Rain from clouds

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Water conservation (c) Rainwater harvesting
2. Snow (a) Solid form of water
3. Precipitation (e) Rain from clouds
4. Evaporation (b) Sunny day
5. Fresh water (d) Ground water.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
How much part of earth is covered with water ?
(ci) two third
(b) half
(c) one third
(d) three fourth.
Answer:
(d) three fourth

Question (ii)
Fog appearing on a cold winter morning is the result of:
(a) Condensation
(b) evaporation
(c) Precipitation
(d) none.
Answer:
(a) Condensation

Question (iii)
Which of the source of water is not used for drinking?
(a) river
(b) ocean
(c) dam
(d) lake.
Answer:
(b) ocean

Question (iv)
Process of conversion of gas into liquid is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Melting
(c) Condensation
(d) Boiling.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question (v)
About how much percentage of water is present in human body:
(a) 60%
(b) 70%
(c) 80%
(d) 90%.
Answer:
(b) 70%

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What are two main sources of water ?
Answer:
Main sources of water are surface water and ground water.

Question (ii)
What is the advantage of drip irrigation ?
Answer:
Advantage of drip irrigation is that water and other nutrients are directly delivered to plants.

Question (iii)
What is the effect of temperature on evaporation ?
Answer:
The rate of evaporation increases with increase of temperature.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question (iv)
Differentiate between ground water and surface water.
Answer:
Ground water is found below the surface of earth and is safe for drinking.
Surface water is found in lakes, rivers, wells and reservoirs.

Question (v)
What is transpiration ?
Answer:
The process by which water is lost in the air by plants is called transpiration.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain floods and its effects.
Answer:
The overflow of large amount of water beyond its normal limits is known as flood. Effects of Flood.

  1. Many people and animals die.
  2. Some people become homeless.
  3. Wide-spread of communicable diseases.

Question (ii)
Define condensation. Give two examples.
Answer:
The process of conversion of gaseous form back to liquid form is called condensation.
Examples are :

  1. Fogging of windshield or rear view of car.
  2. Dew on leaves of grass on a winter morning.

Question (iii)
Explain formation of clouds.
Answer:
When we go higher from the surface of earth, the temperture falls. The air becomes so cool that the water vapours condense to form water droplets. These water droplets together in air are clouds.

Question (iv)
Write three ways to conserve water.
Answer:
Three ways to conserve water are :

  1. Rain water harvesting
  2. Recycling of water
  3. Turning off tap when not in use.

Question (v)
What is drought and what are its effects ?
Answer:
A period when there is very little or no rainfall is called drought. Effects of Drought :

  1. Soil becomes dry and infertile due to loss of water.
  2. Ponds become dry and level of water in wells goes down.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain the uses of water.
Answer:
Water is a very vital resource and is used for many purposes. Some of the uses of water are mentioneded below :
Uses of Water.

  1. It maintains temperature on earth.
  2. It is used for drinking, bathing, washing, etc.
  3. Running or flowing water is used for generating electricity.
  4. It is used for irrigation of crops.
  5. It is also used for cleanng, cooking, watering plants, etc.

Question (ii)
Explain water cycle with diagram.
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
water falls in ponds, streams, oceans and some water seeps down the earth. With the heat of sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans etc. and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

Question (iii)
Why there is need to conserve water ? Write technique of rain water harvesting.
Answer:
Fresh water is only 2.59% on earth and is in very low amount that can be used for drinking or human consumption. So, we must conserve the water.

Rain Harvesting. It is a technique which involves collection and storage of rain water and its reuse, it is the simplest and oldest method.

Techniques of rain harvesting. The most commonly used technique used for rain water harvesting is roof top rain water harvesting.

Roof Top Rain Water harvesting. In this rain water is collected on the roof of house and then stored in storage tank through pipes. This stored water can be used for any purpose.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 2

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Water Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The process of conversion of water into vapours is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Evaporation

Question 2.
The process of converting water vapours into water is:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Question 3.
We use water in:
(a) Industry
(b) Agriculture
(c) Domestic needs
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.
Answer:
(d) Industry agriculture and domestic needs.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 4.
Saline water is found in:
(a) Seas
(b) Taps
(c) Lakes
(d) nowhere.
Answer:
(a) Seas

Question 5.
Hot air causes:
(a) Transpiration
(b) Evaporation
(c) Condensation
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Evaporation

Question 6.
Water cycle is a phenomenon:
(a) Fast
(b) Slow
(c) Medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Slow

Question 7.
To get 1 kg of wheat grains evaporated. from wheat plant litre water gets
(a) 100
(b) 200
(c) 400
(d) 500.
Answer:
(d) 500

Question 8.
Excessive rainfall causes:
(a) Drought
(b) Flood
(c) Storm
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Flood

Question 9.
of earth is covered with water.
(a) 33%
(b) 67%
(c) 25%
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) 67%

Question 10.
Water is available in plenty from:
(a) River
(b) Well
(c) Sea
(d) Rain.
Answer:
(c) Sea

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 11.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Vaporisation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Vaporisation

Question 12.
Change of water vapours into water is called:
(a) Evaporation
(b) Transpiration
(c) Condensation
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Condensation

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) We use water for many …………….. .
Answer:
activities

(b) We get water from …………… .
Answer:
taps

(c) ……………. , ……………… and …………… are sources of water.
Answer:
Ponds, lakes, wells

(d) About …………… of earth is covered with water.
Answer:
2/3rd

(e) ………………. water is saline.
Answer:
Sea

(f) ………………… is needed to convert water into water vapour.
Answer:
Heat

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(g) The warm air provides heat for evaporation of water in ……………… areas.
Answer:
shady

(h) About …………….. litres of water is transpirated by wheat plants to provide 1 kilogram of wheat.
Answer:
500

(i) Clouds are ………………. that remain floating in air.
Answer:
tiny droplets

(j) Snow is another form of ……………… .
Answer:
water

(k) Open wells are fed by ………….. .
Answer:
ground water

(l) Water cycle is a ……………. process.
Answer:
slow

(m) Excess rainfall leads to many ………………..
Answer:
problems

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(n) In ……………… conditions, food and fodder are scarce.
Answer:
drought

(o) The ………………. of water is increasing day-by-day.
Answer:
demand

(p) Collecting rain water is ……………… .
Answer:
rain water harvesting

(q) Excess rains are cause of …………….. .
Answer:
floods

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements.

(a) Every region in the world get same amount of water.
Answer:
False

(b) Plants need water to grow.
Answer:
True

(c) Industries have no use of water.
Answer:
False

(d) Water can evaporate from any place either in shade or sunlight.
Answer:
True

(e) Plants transpirate water in the absence of sunlight.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

(f) Heating increases the evaporation.
Answer:
True

(g) Clouds are nothing but condensed water.
Answer:
True

(h) Never waste water.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In which structures, the vast quantity of water is available ?
Answer:
Seas or Oceans.

Question 2.
What is nature of water in seas ?
Answer:
Salty (Saline).

Question 3.
When water evaporates from the seas, lakes, rivers etc, what happens to the salts dissolved in it ?
Answer:
Salts remain behind.

Question 4.
Is evaporation a fast process ?
Answer:
No, it is a slow process.

Question 5.
What is dew ?
Answer:
Dew is condensed water vapour.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 6.
What is rain ?
Answer:
Falling of droplets on earth after becoming heavy is rain.

Question 7.
Besides rain, how water returns to the earth ?
Answer:
In the form of hail or snow.

Question 8.
Evaporation, Transpiration, Condensation are processes of which cycle ?
Answer:
Water cycle.

Question 9.
What is ground water ?
Answer:
Rain water seeps into the soil and gets collected on a rock. This collected water is ground water. It is pure.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write few uses of water.
Answer:
Uses of water.

  1. For drinking, bathing, washing etc.
  2. For cooking, cleaning, watering the plants etc.
  3. For crop growth.
  4. For generating electricity.
  5. In many industries like textile industries and food processing industries.

Question 2.
What is evaporation ? Which factors increase the evaporation ?
Answer:
Evaporation. The process of conversion of liquid into its vapours is called evaporation. Factors responsible for increasing evaporation are :

  • Wind. More wind results in speedy evaporation
  • Sunlight. More sunlight increases the speed of evaporation. This is why evaporation is fast during summer and slow during winter.
  • Exposed Surface Area. When the surface area is large, the speed or rate of evaporation is high.
  • Humidity. If the humidity in the surrounding is high then the speed of evaporation is low and if the humidity is low then the rate of evaporation is low.

Question 3.
Water disappears from the wet clothes. Why ?
Answer:
Heat from sun converts water into water vapours which get disappeared in the air.

Question 4.
What are clouds ?
Answer:
Clouds are nothing but condensed water vapours in the sky.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water

Question 5.
Why is sea water not fit for drinking purposes ?
Answer:
Sea water contains many salts in it thus giving water a salty or saline taste. This salty water is not fit for drinking purposes.

Question 6.
What are effects of excessive rains ?
Answer:
Effects of excessive rains.

  • Excessive rains will increase the level of water in ponds, rivers, seas etc. resulting in floods.
  • Excessive rains can result in floods. These floods can cause damage to property, life and crops.

Question 7.
What is rain water harvesting ? Why is it done ?
Answer:
Rain water harvesting. The collection of rain water in tanks etc. is called rain water harvesting.
Need of rain water harvesting. We must do rain harvesting because of the following reasons :

  1. To increase the availability of water.
  2. To store water for later use when its scarcity is felt.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
List sources of water. Explain briefly.
Answer:
Sources of water. At homes we get water from taps, but the main sources of water are :
(i) Ponds
(ii) Lakes
(iii) Rivers
(iv) Wells
(v) Sea water
(vi) Rain.

(i) Ponds. Ponds are low lying areas in which rain water or river water gets collected.

(ii) Lakes. Lakes are natural sources of water. They may contain salts in them.

(iii) Rivers. Rivers contain water formed by melting of snow on the mountains. These rivers many be flowing all year round or temporarily during a particular season. These rivers also have rain water in it. There may be or may not be impurities in them.

(iv) Wells. A part of rain-water seeps into the ground through soil. It reaches the bottom areas of earth’s crust and collects there as a water body. This water is put to use by bor wells and hand pumps.

(v) Sea water. Oceans are big reservoirs of water. Most of the rivers fall into the sea and thus carry dissolved salts and impurities into the sea. That is why, sea water is salty in taste.

(vi) Rain. The rain drops in the form of a cloud are almost pure. But rain water gets contaminated due to gases from atmosphere, particulate matter, acid fumes and micro-organisms floating in the air. We get rain only during specific period i.e. monsoon season in our country.

Question 2.
What is Rain ? What will happen if it does not rain at all ?
Answer:
Rain. When the water vapours in the cloud become too heavy, it falls back to the ground as rain. The earth receives heavy rain at some part of the year. Some parts do not get enough of rainfall. It affects the human, plants and animal life. If at certain places there will not be rain for a year then the soil becomes dry and drought. As most of the soil water evaporates and transpirates from the plants, rivers, ponds and wells, it will dry and water table would lower down. All this affects the humans, animals and wild plants. If it continues for one or two years in continuation, it results into drought.

Question 3.
What will happen if it keeps raining continuously ?
Answer:
Consequences of continuous rains. Rains bring a lot of enjoyment and pleasant weather especially after hot days. However, if it rains heavily, you might have noticed water getting collected here and there and at times causing disruption of normal life.

In case of continuous rains the water level of rivers, lakes and ponds will rise. The soil surface will get laden with water resulting into flood. When the soil gets too much of water, air in the soil comes out of it. Due to lack of air the animals living inside the soil also come out of it. Heavy rains also result in the loss of crops due to overflooding.

Question 4.
Explain and draw a neat diagram of water cycle in nature.
Answer:
Answer:
Water cycle in nature. Water falls on earth in the form of rain, dew, snow etc. This
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 14 Water 1
waterfalls in ponds, streams, oceans, and some water seep down the earth. With the heat of the sun, the water evaporates from the streams, ponds, oceans, etc., and fills the atmosphere with water vapours. These water vapours on cooling get condensed and form clouds. These clouds come back on earth in form of rains. So, this cycle goes on.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 13 Sound Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Chapter 13 Sound

PSEB 8th Class Science Guide Sound Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercises

Question 1.
Choose the correct answer.
Sound can travel through
(a) gases only
(b) solids only
(c) liquids only
(d) solids, liquids and gases.
Answer:
(d) solids, liquids and gases.

Question 2.
Voice of which of the following is likely to have minimum frequency ?
(a) Baby girl
(b) Baby boy
(c) A man
(d) A woman.
Answer:
(c) A man.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 3.
In the following statements, tick T against those which are true, and F against those which are false:
(a) Sound cannot travel in vacuum.
Answer:
True

(b) The number of oscillations per second of a vibrating object is called its time period.
Answer:
False

(c) If the amplitude of vibration is large, sound is feeble.
Answer:
False

(d) For human ears, the audible range is 20 Hz to 20,000 Hz
Answer:
True

(e) The lower the frequency of vibration, the higher is the pitch.
Answer:
False

(f) Unwanted or unpleasant sound is termed as music.
Answer:
False

(g) Noise pollution may cause partial hearing impairment.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Fill in the blanks with suitable words.
(a) Time taken by an object to complete one oscillation is called ………………….
(b) Loudness is determined by the ………………. of vibration.
(c) The unit of frequency is ……………… .
(d) Unwanted sound is called ………………… .
(e) Shrillness of a sound is determined by the …………………. of the vibration.
Answer:
(a) Time period,
(b) amplitude,
(c) Hertz (Hz),
(d) noise,
(e) frequency.

Question 5.
A pendulum oscillates 40 times in 4 seconds. Find its time period and frequency.
Number of oscillations
Solution:
Frequency = PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 1
= \(\frac{40}{4}\)
= 10 Hz.
Time period = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
= \(\frac{1}{10}\)
= 0.1 s.

Question 6.
The sound from a mosquito is produced when it vibrates its wings at an average rate of 500 vibrations per second. What is the time period of the vibration ?
Solution:
Frequency 500 vibrations = 500 Hz
Time period = ?
We know, time period = \(\frac{1}{\text { Frequency }}\)
= \(\frac{1}{500}\)
= \(\frac{2 \times 1}{2 \times 500}\)
= \(\frac{2}{1000}\)
= 2 × 10-3 s

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 7.
Identify the part which vibrates to produce sound in the following instruments ?
(a) Dholak
(b) Sitar
(c) Flute.
Answer:

Instrument Vibrating part
(а) Dholak Stretched membrane
(b) Sitar String
(c) Flute Air column.

Question 8.
What is difference between noise and music ? Can music become noise sometime ?
Answer:
Differences between noise and music:

Noise Music
1. It is an unpleasant sound. 1. It is a pleasant sound.
2. It causes discomfort. 2. It has a soothing effect.
3. It can lead to health problems. 3. No health problems are associated with it.

Yes, music can become noise when music is too loud, then it becomes a noise.

Question 9.
List sources of noise pollution in your surroundings.
Answer:
Sources of noise pollution:

  1. Sounds of vehicles.
  2. Loudspeakers.
  3. Working Machines.
  4. Bursting of crackers.
  5. Desert coolers.
  6. Radios and televisions at high volumes.
  7. Kitchen appliances.
  8. Hawkers.

Question 10.
Explain in what ways noise pollution is harmful to humans.
Answer:
Harmful effects of noise pollution:

  1. Lack of sleep.
  2. Hypertension.
  3. Anxiety.
  4. Partial deafness.

Question 11.
Your parents are going to buy a house. They have been offered one on the roadside and another three lanes away from the roadside. Which house would you suggest your parents should buy ? Explain your answer.
Answer:
Parents should buy a house three lanes away from the roadside because roadside house has many disadvantages such as:

  1. Lot of noise due to passing vehicles.
  2. Smoke and dust produced by running vehicles.
  3. Sound of loud horns of vehicles at the time of traffic jams.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 12.
Sketch larynx and explain its function in your own words.
Answer:
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 2
Function of Larynx.
When air passes through the vocal cords, they produce sound. Vocal cords may become loose/thick or tight/thin on vibration, thus causing different types of voices.

Question 13.
Lightning and thunder take place in the sky at the same time and at the same distance from us. Lightning is seen earlier and thunder is heard later. Can you explain why ?
Answer:
The speed of light is 3 × 108 m/s while that of sound is only 340 m/s. So, lightning and thunder although taking place simultaneously in the sky at the same distance will be seen and heard at different intervals of time.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Science Sound Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
The unit of frequency is:
(a) dB
(6) Hz
(c) dB and Hz
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Hz.

Question 2.
The intensity of disagreeable sound for human ear is
(a) 60 dB
(b) 10 dB
(c) 90 dB
(d) 30 dB.
Answer:
(c) 90 dB.

Question 3.
Ultrasonic sound is:
(a) Sound of frequency less than 20 Hz
(b) Sound of frequency more than 20 KHz
(c) Sound of frequency 20 Hz to 20000 Hz
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Sound of frequency more than 20 KHz.

Question 4.
Speed of sound at 20°C is approximately:
(a) 430 m/s
(b) 304 m/s
(c) 340 m/s
(d) 3400 m/s
Answer:
(c) 340 m/s

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 5.
The intensity of sound at ordinary inhale is:
(a) 10 dB
(b) 20 dB
(c) 60 dB
(d) 70 dB.
Answer:
(a) 10 dB.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is sound ?
Answer:
Sound. It is a form of energy which produces in us the sensation of hearing.

Question 2.
How is sound produced ?
Answer:
Sound is produced by vibrations of a body.

Question 3.
Will sound travel in vacuum ?
Answer:
No, it will require some medium.

Question 4.
Does sound travel in gases ?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 5.
Does sound travel in liquids ?
Answer:
Yes.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 6.
Does sound travels in solids ?
Answer:
Yes.

Question 7.
On what factor does loudness of sound depend ?
Answer:
Loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of vibrating body.

Question 8.
If an object makes 10 oscillations in a second, then what is its frequency ?
Answer:
10 Hertz.

Question 9.
Will the sound travel faster, in wood or water ?
Answer:
In solids, the sound travels faster than liquids. So sound will travel faster in wood than in water.

Question 10.
Sound is produced when objects …………………. .
Answer:
Sound is produced when objects vibrate.

Question 11.
The number of oscillations per second is called …………………… .
Answer:
The number of oscillations per second is called frequency.

Question 12.
We can respond to the frequency of sound more than ……………….. hertz and less than ……………… hertz.
Answer:
We can respond to the frequency of sound more than 20 hertz and less than 20,000 hertz.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 13.
Name the section of throat in which the human voice is produced.
Answer:
Larynx.

Question 14.
Name the characteristics of sound which help us to distinguish different sounds.
Answer:
The characteristics of sound which distinguish different sounds. The pitch or loudness of the sound.

Question 15.
What is the audible range of human ear ?
Answer:
Audible Range. The human ear responds to sounds having frequencies 20 hertz to 20,000 hertz.

Question 16.
Define the term pitch.
Answer:
Pitch. A sensation depending upon the frequency is known as the pitch.

Question 17.
Which sound has higher frequency ? Sound produced by a buzzing mosquito or sound produced by roaring lion.
Answer:
The frequency of sound produced by a buzzing mosquito will be more than the frequency of sound produced by a roaring lion.

Question 18.
Write the following frequencies in their increasing order:
(i) Voice of a child
(ii) Voice of man
(iii) Voice of a woman.
Answer:
Voice in increasing order of their frequencies:
Voice of a man < Voice of a child < Voice of a woman.

Question 19.
How do we hear sound ?
Answer:
When sound waves travelling through air strike our ears, diaphragm of ear starts vibrating. These vibrations reach the ear nerves by small bones and send the messages to our brain and which we hear.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 20.
What is length of vocal cords in man ?
Answer:
About 20 mm.

Question 21.
Unpleasant sounds are called ………………. .
Answer:
Noise.

Question 22.
Which sound is produced by musical instruments ?
Answer:
Musical sound.

Question 23.
What is unit of loudness of sound ?
Answer:
Decibel (dB).

Question 24.
Name an instrument with pleasant sound.
Answer:
Harmonium/Guitar/Piano.

Question 25.
What is hearing impairment ?
Answer:
The disability to hear sounds is hearing impairment.

Question 26.
What are causes of hearing impairment ?
Answer:
Ear disease, injury, age and loud noise.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 27.
Give an example of loud noise.
Answer:

  1. Sound produced by machinery in a factory.
  2. Loudspeakers at full volume.

Question 28.
At which unit, sound becomes harmful ?
Answer:
More than 80 dB (Average factory range).

Question 29.
Which is the major cause of noise pollution ?
Answer:
Vehicles.

Question 30.
Which natural organism is important to reduce noise pollution ?
Answer:
Plants and trees.

Question 31.
What is noise pollution ?
Answer:
Noise Pollution. Presence of excessive or unpleasant sound in the atmosphere is called, noise pollution.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Define the term time period, frequency and amplitude.
Answer:
Time Period.
It is the time taken by a vibrating particle to complete one vibration.

Frequency.
The number of oscillations per second is called the frequency of the oscillation. Frequency is measured in hertz [Hz].

Amplitude.
The maximum distance through which a vibrating body is displaced from its central resting position, is called amplitude of oscillations.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 2.
One astronaut speaks with another astronaut on Moon. Can the other astronaut listen to the first astronaut ?
Answer:
There is no atmosphere on the moon, thus, the astronauts cannot listen to each other. Therefore, a material medium is required for the propagation of sound.

Question 3.
Sound produced by a mosquito is quite different from the roar of a lion. Explain.
Answer:
The loudness of sound depends upon the amplitude of the wave. A mosquito produces sound by the vibration of its wings, in open air while the lion roars by the vibration of its vocal chords. The amplitude of the sound produced by mosquito will be less than the sound produced by a lion. The pitch and quality of the two sounds is quite different, which makes the two sounds different and distinguishable.

Question 4.
Explain with simple experiment to show that sound propagates through solid substance.
Answer:
Experiment.
Connect two empty match boxes by tying them with the two ends (15 to 20 m long). Request your friend to keep one match box close to his ear. By stretching the string speak into one match box. Sound will be heard very clearly by your friend. This shows that sound can propagate through solids.

Question 5.
How is the human voice produced ?
Answer:
Production of Human voice.
The human voice is the result of vibrations. It is produced in the larynx, a section of the throat. Muscles in the larynx tighten the vocal cords. Air from the lungs rushes past the tight stretched cords and causes the vocal cords to vibrate. The vibrations produced in the vocal cords produce the sound or the voice.

Question 6.
What are ultrasounds ?
Answer:
Ultrasound.
Our ear does not respond to sounds of frequencies less than 20 hertz or greater than 20,000 hertz. Sound of frequency greater than 20,000 hertz is called ultrasonic. The instrument used for producing ultrasonic sound is ultrasonic CT.

Question 7.
What are the uses of ultrasonic sound ?
Answer:
Uses of ultrasonic sound:

  1. Dogs can listen ultrasonic sounds. So to call their dogs people use ultrasonic sounds.
  2. In medical science, ultrasonics are used for forming the images of internal organs of human body.

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Question 8.
A boy claps his hands in front of stair-case and hears a musical sound. Explain.
Answer:
The distance of each step of stair case increases from the boy. When a boy claps, sound will not strike all the steps simultaneously but it will strike in short and regular intervals. The reflected sound from them will be received by the ear in the form of a number of waves at regular intervals. Thus a periodic disturbance produces a musical sound.

Question 9.
Give an activity to prove that sound travels faster in water than in air.
Answer:
Sound travels faster in water (liquids) than in air, we can prove this fact by the following activity.
Activity. Take a longer balloon and fill it with water. Hold it close to your ear and scratch it gently with index finger on the farther side of the balloon. A sound will be heard. Repeat this experiment with air-filled balloon. On comparing the two sounds, it is proved that sound travels faster in water than in air.

Question 10.
What is noise ? What is its unit ?
Answer:
Noise.
The unpleasant sounds which are not soft and sweet are known as noise such as sound of machines, automobiles, crackers, etc.
The unit of voice is Decibel (dB).
Noise level is 0-120 dB.

Question 11.
State one difference between noise and a musical sound.
Answer:
Noise is a sound, which produces disagreeable (jarring) effect on the ear. On the other hand, musical sound produces pleasing effect on the ear of the listener.

Question 12.
How do children with impaired hearing communicate ?
Answer:
Children with impaired hearing communicate using sign language and with technically developed devices.

Question 13.
Identify the part which vibrates to produce sound in the following instruments ?

Sr. No. Musical Instrument Sound producing part
1. Flute
2. Dholak

Answer:

Sr. No. Musical Instrument Sound producing part
1. Flute Air column
2. Dholak Stretched membrane

PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give an activity to show that sound needs medium to be heard.
Answer:
Sound needs medium.
Sound produced by a vibrating object reaches our ears due to vibrations of the molecules of the medium (air) in succession. If there is no air between the vibrating object and our ear, we would not hear any sound at all. We can study this by the following activity.
PSEB 8th Class Science Solutions Chapter 13 Sound 3
Activity.
Take a wooden stick and hold one end close to your ear. Ask your friend to scratch the other end gently, you will hear the sound.

This activity shows that sound can travel through wood. Sound can travel through liquids as well. You can check this by filling a balloon with water. Hold a water filled balloon close to you ear and scratch the opposite surface of the balloons with your finger.You will again hear sound. Now do the same experiment with an air-filled balloon. This time the sound heard is very feeble in comparison.
Thus, we conclude that sound requires a medium to be heard.

Question 2.
What is noise pollution ? What are its causes and its effects ?
Answer:
Noise pollution.
The unwanted sound which is not soft and is disagreeable to the ear, is called noise. The presence of loud sound in atmosphere is only noise pollution.

Causes of noise pollution.

  1. The loud sounds produced by machines in factories.
  2. Loud speakers.
  3. Generators.
  4. Railway stations.
  5. Air ports.
  6. Music programmes.
  7. Crackers.

Effects of noise pollution:

  1. The worst effect of noise pollution is deafness.
  2. It raises the heart beat.
  3. It also effects the pupil of eyes, thus causing night blindness or colour blindness.

Question 3.
What is music? Name the various types of vibrating objects used in
different kinds of musical instruments.
Answer:
Music.
Music is the arrangement of the sound of different frequencies called notes or Swara in a way that it produces a pleasing effect on the ear.
In musical instruments, we use vibrating objects such as strings, membranes, and columns of air. There are, thus, three families of musical instruments:

  1. Stringed instruments (tantu vadya) e.g. violin, sitar, etc.
  2. Wind instruments or reed instruments (sushir vadya) e.g. the flutes or the shahnai.
  3. Membranous instruments (avanaddha vadya). Many of these are percussions or rhythm instruments e.g. tabla or mridangam.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Reproduction in Plants Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 147)

Question 1.
What happens in the regeneration method of reproduction?
Answer:
In the regeneration method, the living organisms (plants and animals) repair themselves or grow their lost parts. In this way they replace their old or dead cells with new ones. Plants have a higher capacity of regeneration than animals.

Question 2.
Give two examples of organisms reproducing through binary fission.
Answer:
Asexual reproducing organisms by binary fission method are:

  1. Moss,
  2. Mould.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Reproduction in Plants Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Anther and filament form the ………………. of a flower.
Answer:
Stamens

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

(ii) In …………………….. reproduction seeds are formed.
Answer:
Sexual

(iii) Flowers having, both stamens and pistil are called …………………. .
Answer:
Bisexual

(iv) …………………… is an asexual mode of reproduction.
Answer:
Vegetative propagation

2. State True or False:

(i) Yeast reproduces by sexual and asexual means.
Answer:
False

(ii) Pollen grains are the male gametes of a flower.
Answer:
True

(iii) Ginger is a stem which bears nodes and internodes.
Answer:
True

(iv) Cutting and grafting are natural means of reproduction.
Answer:
False

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Sweet potato (a) Micropropagation
(ii) Potato (b) Bryophyllum
(iii) Leaf buds (c) Artificial propagation
(iv) Grafting (d) Yeast
(v) Tissue culture (e) Spirogyra
(vi) Bud (f) Adventitious root
(vii) Fragmentation (g) Stem tuber

Answer:

Column ‘A’ Column ‘B’
(i) Sweet potato (f) Adventitious root
(ii) Potato (g) Stem tuber
(iii) Leaf buds (b) Bryophyllum
(iv) Grafting (c) Artificial propagation
(v) Tissue culture (a) Micropropagation
(vi) Bud (d) Yeast
(vii) Fragmentation (e) Spirogyra

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

4. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
In which mode of reproduction new plants are formed from only one parent ?
Answer:
By Asexual reproduction method new plants are formed from one parent. The different examples are:

  1. Grafting,
  2. Layering,
  3. Tissue culture.

Question (ii)
Which part of the flower develops into fruit ?
Answer:
After fertilization, the ovaries become fruit.

Question (iii)
How does yeast multiply ?
Answer:
The most common method of reproduction in yeast is asexual reproduction by budding in which a tiny bud forms on the outer surface of parent cell.

Question (iv)
Give one example where air helps in pollination.
Answer:
When the pollen cells ripe, they burst and the pollen grains come out of them. Pollen grains are very light. So when the wind blows, they are blown away by the wind. These pollinators reach the stigma of the flowers of the same plant or of another flower of the same species where the pollination takes place.

Question (v)
Name the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:
The reproductive parts of the flower are:

  1. Stamen (male reproductive part)
  2. Pistil (female reproductive part.)

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name different methods of asexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Asexual reproduction method is one in which no seed is required for growing new plants. A single plant produces a new plant. Asexual reproduction occurs in the following ways:

  1. Binary fission,
  2. Budding,
  3. Fragmentation,
  4. Spore formation,
  5. Regeneration.

Question (ii)
What is artificial propagation in plants ?
Answer:
Artificial Propagation. Artificial methods of reproduction are adopted to increase the number of useful plants. In these methods neither the reproductive organ takes part nor the seed is produced. In this artificial reproduction new plants grow through roots, stems, branches or leaves.

Below are some of the artificial methods:

  1. Grafting (stems and roots),
  2. Burying,
  3. Pruning,
  4. Tissue culture.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (iii)
What is tissue culture technique or micro propagation ?
Answer:
Tissue culture or micro-reproduction: This method involves taking some percent of the tissue from the tip of a plant branch because it contains rapidly developing, underdeveloped and undifferentiated cells. This mass has essential nutrients and hormones stored in it. Small parts of the tissue are kept in a medium until they begin to regenerate as plantlets. These buds (small plants) are transplanted in moist soil. This process is of reproduction is called tissue culture.

Question (iv)
Describe advantages of seed dispersal.
Answer:
Advantages of Seed dispersal:

  1. Seed dispersal spreads the plant over a large area.
  2. The probability of dense vegetation in one place decreases.
  3. Plants have the right growth.
  4. Plants get proper sunlight, water and minerals as competition for nutrients get reduced.

Question (v)
What is germination ? What are the conditions needed for germination ?
Answer:
After reaching the fertile soil, the seeds absorb water and swell up. Now the embryo
begins to germinate and its radical (root sprout) grows down into the soil and forms a root. The plumule grows upward in the air and develops leaves and shoot. It is a form of young small plant.

Essential conditions for germination:
All seeds need (i) water, (ii) oxygen (air) and (iii) proper temperature for germination. Some seeds also need the right amount of light. When the seed finds the right conditions, it activates and germinates the enzyme by moving water and oxygen inward from the outer layer and forms the seed root which receives water from the ground and forms a stem which moves towards the wind and leaves come out on the trunk from which the sun makes food in the light.

6. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Describe different kinds of asexual reproduction with examples.
Answer:
Different kinds of post-asexual reproduction :
1. Fission.
This is the most common method of asexual reproduction in which an organism is divided into new organisms. It is common in plants and some single-celled organisms such as fungi, some mosses. In this method of reproduction the organism is divided into equal parts. The nucleus is divided into two parts and both parts evolve as individual adult.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 1

2. Budding.
The word bud means small outgrowth. In the process of budding, a small bud grows on the body of the parent organism and when it grows to full size individual, it detaches itself to form a new organism.
Budding is commonly seen in hydra and yeast.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 2

3. Fragmentation.
This type of reproduction occurs commonly in Algae. It appears as green spots in ponds, lakes or other standing water bodies. When abundant water and nutrients are available, they are multiplied by fragmentation. In this method an algae is divided into two or more pieces. Each piece develops into new organisms. This process is repeated many times.
Other examples are Star fish, some Worms, Lichens etc.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 3

4. Spore formation.
Spores are very small, round-shaped structures for asexual reproduction. Spores have a hard outer layer and can stay in the air for a long time. Under favourable conditions, each spore germinates to develop into a new organism. Spore formation occurs in both unicellular and multicellular organisms. Rhizopus, a fungus that grows on bread, is produced by asexual reproduction by spores. Plants such as moss and fern also reproduced by spores.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 4

5. Regeneration.
The organism repairs and enhances its broken limbs in one form or another. New cells replace old or dead cells. The ability of living beings to repair themselves and grow their lost parts is called regeneration. Plants have a higher capacity of regeneration than animals.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (ii)
Explain different ways with examples in which plants can be reproduced vegetatively by artificial means.
Answer:
Artificial methods of vegetative reproduction.
Humans have adopted artificial methods of vegetative reproduction to increase the number of useful plants. Here are some of the methods:

1. Cutting, (i) (Cutting of stem). Cuttings are small nodules of stems or twigs, when they are pressed in moist soil then under favourable conditions roots germinates to grow as individual plant. As Bougainvillea, sugarcane, cactus and rose can grow by grafting of stem.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 5

(ii) Root Cuttings. When the roots of plants like lemon, tamarind are buried in moist soil new shoots get developed.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 6

2. Layering.
A twig of a plant is twisted so that it touches the ground. The portion of plant in contact of ground is then covered with soil. This buried part develops roots under suitable conditions and upper end of this branch is already in the air. The plant thus developed is cut from the original plant and grown in a new place. Jasmine, Strawberry, Yoganvelia plants are grown by layering.

3. Grafting.
The desired plant is derived from two different individuals. Portion of one plant is called stock while stem portion from the other is called seion. Seion is from the plant that wants to propagate and is, therefore, grafted on the stock. Their ends are obliquely cut and the two are placed face to face. Then the two ends are tied tightly and wrapped with polythene.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 7

4. Tissue culture.
This method involves taking a tissue from the tip of a plant branch as it contains rapidly dividing, underdeveloped and undifferen-tiated cells. This tissue, is cultured and nurtured in a sterilized medium. The mass of tissue develops as an individual plant let. This technique is useful in growing a number of rare and endangered plants which cannot grow under natural conditions.
With this method many plants can be grown in a very short time. This technique is used in disease free orchids, carnations, gladiolus, chrysanthemums, potatoes.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 8

Question (iii)
What is pollination ? What are the two types of pollination ? Discuss the different agents of pollination with examples.
Answer:
Pollination.
It is the act of transferring pollen grains from the male anther of a flower to the female stigma. The goal of every living organism, including plants, is to create offspring for the next generation. One of the ways that plants can produce offspring is by making seeds. Seeds contain the genetic information to produce a new plant
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 9

Types of pollination. There are two types of pollination action:

1. Self-pollination.
This type of pollination occur in asexual flowers, when the pollens of the same flower from the pollen cell (Anther) go to the pollen stem (Stigma) of saffron, this action is called self-pollination, because their genes are similar. This type of pollination is seen in Tomato, mustard etc.

2. Cross-pollination.
In this type of pollination the pollen grains move from the pollen cells (Anther) of one flower to the pollen stalk (Stigma) of another flower. This pollination takes place between the flowers of the same plant or between the flowers of two different plants of same species. In plants cross-pollination is done by air, insects, water and animals.

Various factors of pollination:
1. Air pollination. Many plants are pollinated by wind. With strong winds, pollens of one flower reach the stigma of the other plant. Examples – wheat, cotton, sunflower, millet,

2. Insect pollination. Insects (butterflies and bees) are attracted to flowers because of the color and fragrance of the flowers. Insects help in transferring pollen grains from one flower to another through their feet. Examples are figs, flies, bees etc.

3. Pollination by water. The pollen of the flowers of the plants growing in the water flows with the water and the pollens of the one flower reach the stigma of other flower. Examples are lotus flower, water lily etc.

4. Pollination by animals. Some plants are pollinated with the help of birds and animals like- bats, humming bird and squirrels.

Question (iv)
Explain the process of fertilization.
Answer:
Fertilization action after pollination.
After pollination pollen grains enter a small tube, called the pollen tube. The female pollen reaches the-ovaries through the stigma or vertebrae and then enters the ovule. There is a combination of male and female gametes. The combination of male gamete and female gamete (to form a zygote) is called fertilization.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 10

Question (v)
List the different steps in the formation of seeds and fruits.
Answer:
Fruit and seed formation. The following changes occur in the flower after fertilization:
(1) After fertilization the ovaries get transformed into fruits and ovules get transformed into seeds. The rest of the flowers wither and fall off.

(2) A seed is a developed egg that contains embryos and nutrients. This is covered with a secure layer. This is called seed peel.

(3) Fruits can be fleshy and juicy or dry and hard. Mangoes, apples, oranges are fleshy and juicy fruits while almonds and walnuts are dry and hard fruits.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (vi)
What is dispersal ? Explain with examples the different ways in which seeds get dispersed.
Answer:
Seed dispersal. The movement of seeds from one place to another by any means / factor like air, water, insects, birds, human beings and animals so that the seed survives is called seed dispersal.
Different methods of seed dispoersal:
(1) By wind
(2) By water
(3) By animals
(4) By humans
(5) By explosive process.

1. By wind. The seeds to be scattered by wind are small and light. Maple and Drumsticks seeds have wings. So they fly in the air and go far away. Seedlings with light grass seeds, acacia, cactus, cotton seeds and sunflower also fly with wind.

2. By water. Water lilies, lotuses and coconut fruits keep floating on the water so as their pollens. Water waves cany them far.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Reproduction in Plants Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Production of new individuals from the vegetative part of parent is called ……………. .
Answer:
vegetative propagation

(ii) A flower may have either male or female reproductive part. Such a flower is called ……………………
Answer:
unisexual

(iii) The transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of the same or of different flower of the same kind is known as ………………. .
Answer:
self- pollination

(iv) The fusion of male and female gametes is termed as ………………. .
Answer:
fertilization

(v) Seed dispersal takes place by means of ……………….. , ………………. , and ……………… .
Answer:
water, wind, animals

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(a) Bud (i) Maple
(b) Eyes (ii) Spirogyra
(c) Fragmentation (iii) Yeast
(d) Wings (iv) Bread mould
(e) Spores (v) Potato
(vi) Rose.

 Answer:

Column ‘I’ Column ‘II’
(a) Bud (iii) Yeast
(b) Eyes (v) Potato
(c) Fragmentation (ii) Spirogyra
(d) Wings (i) Maple
(e) Spores (iv) Bread mould

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The production of new individuals from their parents is called:
(a) Transportation
(b) Excretion
(c) Reproduction
(d) Respiration.
Answer:
(c) Reproduction.

Question (ii)
Out of the followings which is the vegetative part of a plant ?
(a) Stem
(b) Leaves
(c) Root
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question(iii)
Out of the following which is reproductive organ of a plant ?
(a) Root
(b) Flower
(c) Leaf
(d) Stem.
Answer:
(b) Flower.

Question (iv)
Union of male and female garnets is called:
(a) Fertilization
(b) Pollination
(c) Zygote
(d) Reproduction.
Answer:
(a) Fertilization.

Question (v)
Which method is used for reproduction in a unicellular yeast ?
(a) Fragmentation
(b) Budding.
(c) Spore formation
(d) Binary fission.
Answer:
(b) Budding.

Question (vi)
Bryophyllum reproduces by its:
(a) Leaves
(b) Roots
(c) Stem
(d) Flowers
Answer:
(a) Leaves.

Question (vii)
Name the commonest method of vegetative reproduction in rose and sugarcane
(a) Fragmentation
(b) Budding
(c) Binary Fission
(d) Cutting.
Answer:
(d) Cutting.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question (viii)
Name the factors, which are helpful in cross-pollination ?
(a) Air
(b) Water
(c) Insects
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

4. State True or False

(i) Asexual reproduction is more common than sexual reproduction.
Answer:
False

(ii) Bacteria and yeast reproduce by asexual reproduction.
Answer:
True

(iii) The ability to regenerate in many organisms is through some method,
Answer:
False

(iv) A fertilized organ becomes a seed.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is reproduction ?
Answer:
Reproduction. It is the ability of an organism to produce young ones of its own kind.

Question 2.
What is the role of reproduction ?
Answer:

  1. Propagation of species
  2. Evolution of species.

Question 3.
Name the two major kinds of reproduction.
Answer:

  1. Asexual reproduction and
  2. Sexual reproduction.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 4.
Name the various methods of vegetative propagation in plants.
Answer:

  1. Cutting
  2. Layering
  3. Grafting.

Question 5.
Name common method for vegetative propagation of Rose and Sugarcane.
Answer:
Cutting.

Question 6.
How do Spirogyra and Mucor reproduce asexually ?
Answer:
Spirogyra – Fragmentation and Regeneration,
Mucor – Spore formation.

Question 7.
Name the mode of vegetative propagation in (i) Begonia (ii) Mint.
Answer:
(i) Begonia – Leaf buds,
(ii) Mint – Runners.

Question 8.
How do yeast, sponges and hydra reproduce asexually ?
Answer:
All the three reproduce by budding.

Question 9.
Which part of bryophyllum can be used for vegetative propagation ?
Answer:
Leaf of Bryophyllum.

Question 10.
Give one example of each : Vegetative propagation by (i) root (ii) stem.
Answer:
(i) Vegetative propagation by root : Sweet potato.
(ii) Vegetative propagation by stem : Potato.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 11.
What is pollination ?
Answer:
Pollination. It is the transference of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of a flower.

Question 12.
What term is used if the pollen is transferred to the stigma of same flower ?
Answer:
Self-pollination.

Question 13.
Where are pollens and ovules presents in flower ?
Answer:

  1. Pollens – Anther lobes
  2. Ovules – Ovary.

Question 14.
Which floral part is very attractive and coloured ?
Answer:
Petal.

Question 15.
What is fruit ?
Answer:
A ripened ovary.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is reproduction ? What are it basic types ?
Answer:
Reproduction.
All organisms show characteristic life cycle, involving birth, growth, maturation, reproduction and death. Rerproduction is one of the most important processes by which continuation of the species from one generation to another generation takes place. Older and aged organisms are replaced by new and younger organisms by reproduction.

There are two types of reproduction.

  1. Asexual reproduction
  2. Sexual reproduction.

Question 2.
Define asexual and sexual reproduction.
Answer:
Asexual Reproduction. It is a type of multiplication in which a young one is formed from a specialised or unspecialised part of a parent without the formation and fusion of sex cells, gametes.

Sexual Reproduction. It is a type of reproduction which takes place by the formation and fusion of gametes. It involves two major processes :
(a) Meiosis (reductional division) by which diploid sporophytic cells give rise to haploid gametes, and
(b) Fertilization, which reconstitutes the sporophytic diploid generation through gametic fusion.

Question 3.
Where do the moulds on bread come from ?
Answer:
The spores of the moulds are present in the air. The spores of the moulds under suitable conditions settle on the bread and grow.

Question 4.
Define the term unisexual and bisexual giving one example of each.
Answer:
Unisexual Organism. Male and female sex organs are present in different individuals such organisms are called unisexual. Example : Human.

Bisexual organism. Single individual having both male and female sex organs.
Examples : Most of the plants, Tapeworm, Earthworm.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants

Question 5.
Mention the reproductive parts of a flower.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 11
Reproductive parts of a flower:
Stamens. It consists of stalk and a flattened top called anther. Anthers produce pollen grains. The pollen grains produce two male gametes.

Carpels. It has a swollen ovary at the base and an elongated middle style and terminal stigma.
The ovary contains ovules. Each ovule has an egg or female gamete.

Question 6.
Differentiate between ovule and ovary.
Answer:
Ovule. A structure in the ovary of a plant that develops into a seed after fertilization.
Ovary. The enlarged basal portion of a pistil that bears the ovules in angiosperms.

Question 7.
Describe the different methods of asexual reproduction. Give examples.
Answer:
Type of asexual reproduction
(1) Budding
(2) Fragmentation
(3) Spore formation
(4) Vegetative propagation.

(1) Budding. It is a common method of reproduction in Sponges and Hydra. In this process, the new individual develops from a small outgrowth on the surface of parent called bud.

(2) Regeneration. It is a form of fission in which a parent individual divides into a number of parts, each of which regenerates the missing structures to form a complete organism. It occurs in flatworm, ribbon worm and annelids.

(3) Spore formation. An individual produces spores which during favourable conditions give rise to new individuals e.g. Mucor.

(4) Vegetative propagation. A part of plant body other than reproductive organ gives rise to new individual plant e.g. Rose stem cutting gives to new rose plant.

Question 8.
Explain the process of sexual reproduction in plants.
Answer:
Sexual Reproduction in plants. Plants have male and female reproductive organs respectively called stamens and pistil. Stamens produce male gametes. The eggs are produced by ovules of pistil. These two genitals can be in the same or different flowers. Male and female gametes fuse to form a zygote. Sexual reproduction in plants takes place by seeds.

Question 9.
State the main difference between Asexual and Sexual reproduction.
Answer:
Differences between Asexual and Sexual forms of Reproduction

Asexual Reproduction Sexual Reproduction
1. The process involves only one cell or one parent. 1. This process involves two cells or gametes belonging to either the same or different parents.
2. The whole body of the parents may act as reproductive unit or it can be a single cell or a bud. 2. The reproductive unit is called gamete which is unicellular and haploid.
3. Only mitotic division takes place. 3. Meiosis and fertilization are essential events.
4. No formation of sex organ. 4. Formation of sex organs are essential.

Question 10.
Explain the differences between Self-pollination and Cross-pollination.
Answer:
Difference between Self-pollination and Cross-pollination.

Self-pollination Cross-pollination
1. It occurs within a flower or between two flowers of the same plant. 1. It occurs between two flowers borne on different plants of the same species.
2. Flowers do not depend on the other factors for pollination. 2. Agents such as insects, water and wind are required for ensuring pollination.

Question 11.
How does the process of fertilization take place in flowers ?
Answer:
Process of fertilization in flowers:

  • Pollination is transfer and deposition of pollen grains on stigma.
  • Pollen grain germinates on the stigma. It gives rise to pollen tube which carries male gametes.
  • A hypodermal cell of the nucleus in ovule enlarges and forms megaspore mother cell,
  • The diploid mega-spore mother cell undergoes meiosis to form four mega-spores.
  • The functional mega-spore enlarges into embryo sac.
  • The process of nuclear fusion (syngamy) of the male nucleus and one egg nucleus is termed as fertilization. It forms diploid zygote. Second male gamete fuses with secondary nucleus to form primary endosperm nucleus.
  • Angiosperms exhibit double fertilization.
  • Fall of the petals, stamens, style and stigma.
  • The ovules develop into seeds.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write the various steps involved in the formation of a plant seed, starting from pollination.
Answer:
The transference of pollen grains from anther to stigma is called pollination. The stamens in flower have anthers which produce pollen grains. Gynaecium or pistil bears three parts ovary, style and stigma. After pollination pollen grains from pollen tubes. Inside the pollen tube the nucleus divides into vegetative nucleus and generative nucleus. This generative nucleus gives rise to two male gametes inside the pollen tube. Pollen tube after piercing through the style reaches the ovary. One of which fuses with the egg to form a zygote. The second male gamete fuses with two polar nuclei to form a triploid endosperm nucleus which finally gives rise to endosperm. So, the higher plant (angiosperms) shows the process of double fertilization.

Soon after fertilization the petals, stamens, stigma, and style fall off. The sepals wither and hold on to the ovule. The zygote divides in a fixed fashion to form an embryo. It may bear one or two cotyledons, an embryo axis made up of plumule and radicle. Radicle gives rise to root and plumule to shoot after germination of seed. Cotyledons contain food reserves.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 12 Reproduction in Plants 12

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-II) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
To select a whole word, ……….. click on it.
(a) Single
(b) Double
(c) Triple
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Double

Question 2.
The …………….. group of home tab allows us to change our text font, style, size, color and many other elements.
(a) Font
(b) Paragraph
(c) Styles
(d) Editing.
Answer:
(a) Font

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 3.
…………. means draw a horizontal line underneath the letters.
(a) Bold
(6) Italic
(c) Underline
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Underline

Question 4.
………………. Option means that the text is shown like it was marked with a highlighter pen.
(a) Font Color
(b) Text Color
(c) Text Highlight Color
(d) All of above.
Answer:
(c) Text Highlight Color

Question 5.
After inserting a shape, a new tab will appear which is called ……………….. .
(a) Drawing Tools Format
(b) Shape Tools Format
(c) Drawing Shapes Format
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) Drawing Tools Format

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

2. Write the Shortcut keys of the following

1. To cut the selected text
Answer:
Ctrl + X

2. To paste the copied/cut contents
Answer:
Ctrl + V

3. To increase the font size
Answer:
Ctrl + >

4. To Underline the Text
Answer:
Ctrl + U

5. To change the case of the Selected Text
Answer:
Shift + F3

6. For Center Alignment
Answer:
Ctrl+ E

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

7. For double line spacing
Answer:
Ctrl + z

8. To Replace the text
Answer:
Ctrl + H

9. To Undo the last operation
Answer:
Ctrl + z

10. To Insert a Page Break.
Answer:
Ctrl + Return.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write about Undo commend.
Answer:
If we have made a mistake while editing the text in the document, we can correct it by clicking on the Undo command from the “Quick access” toolbar and this will undo the last change we made to the document. Or you can press the Ctrl + Z keys from the keyboard.

Question 2.
Which are basic three font styles?
Answer:
Word processor software uses three basic font styles for text, these are as below:
1. Bold:
If you want to thicken the text in your document, then use Bold option, by pressing the “Ctrl + B” shortcut or by clicking “B” button from the font group.

2. Italic:
If you want to italicize the text in your document, then use Italic option by pressing the “Ctrl + I” shortcut or by clicking “I” button from the font group.

3. Underline:
If you want to underline the text in your document, then use underline option by pressing the “Ctrl + U” shortcut or by clicking “U” button from the font group.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 3.
What are Headers and Footers in MS Word?
Answer:
Header and Footer are parts of a document that contain specific information such as page number and total number of pages, title of the document, company logo, any photo, etc. A header appears at the top of each page, and footer appears at the bottom of each page. To insert the header and footer in your document, click the “Header/Footer” option from the Header & Footer group on the insert tab.

Question 4.
How many change cases options are available in MS Word? Write their names.
Answer:
There are five options available to change the case in Microsoft Word, these are:

  • Sentence case: It capitalizes the first letter of each sentence.
  • Lowercase: It changes the text from uppercase to lowercase.
  • Uppercase: It capitalizes all the letters of your text.
  • Capitalize Each Word: It capitalizes the first letter of each word.
  • Toggle case: It allows you to shift between two case views, e.g. to shift between Capitalize Each Word and Captalized each word.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 5.
How many alignments are available in MS Word? Write their names and shortcut keys.
Answer:
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group, which are as follows:

  • Align Text Left: Aligns the selected text with the left margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + L).
  • Align Text Right: Aligns the selected text with the right margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + R).
  • Center: This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + E).
  • Justify: Aligns text to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary. Shortcut key is (Ctrl + J).

Question 6.
How can we insert page break in MS Word?
Answer:
This option is used to delete a page at the current cursor position and start a new page. In simple words we can say that it divides the page into two parts.
The steps to insert page break are given below:

  • Place the cursor where you want to insert the break.
  • Click the Page Break Option on the Pages Group from the Insert Tab.
  • Your page will break into two parts.
  • Long Answer Type Questions

(ii) Cut Paste Option:
Cut Paste Option means to move the selected text from one place to another. In Microsoft Word, you can cut text from a document and paste that text into another document or anywhere in the same document. After cutting the text, it is stored in the clipboard.

MS Word offers a variety of ways to cut and paste text. Some popular methods are given below :
Method 1.

  • First select the text you want to cut.
  • Click the Home tab and then click the Cut command.
  • Place the cursor where you want to paste the text.
  • Click on the Paste command in the Home tab.

Method 2.

  • First select the text you want to cut.
  • Now click the right button of the mouse on selected text.
  • A menu will appear; select the “Cut” option from this menu.
  • Now, move the cursor to the desired position and right click on the mouse.
  • A menu will appear; select the “Paste” option.

Method 3.

  • First select the text you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + X button.
  • Now, move the cursor to the desired position and press the Ctrl + V button.

(iii) Format Painter:
With the help of Format Painter we can copy the format already applied to the text in our document very easily and without wasting time. Below are the steps for copying text formatting :

Method 1.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Click the Home tab and click the Format Painter command.
  • The pointer changes to a paintbrush icon.
  • Use the brush and drag it over the text where you want to apply the formatting.
  • To cancel formatting, press the Esc key or click on the Format Painter command.

Method 2.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + C button.
  • Click on the text where you want to apply the copied formatting.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + V button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 2.
Write about the options available in Font group of Home tab in MS Word.
Answer:
The Home tab’s font group gives us many commands for character formatting. These commands are as follows:

  • Font Style: This button is used to change the font type (Font face) for the entire document or for the selected text within the document.
  • Font Size: This button is used to change the font size for the entire document or for the selected text within the document.
  • Font Color: This button is used to change the font color for the entire document or for the text selected within the document.
  • Bold: This button is used to make the selected text or entire document bold.
  • Italic: This button is used to italicize the entire document or the selected text within the document.
  • Underline: This button is used to underline the entire document or the selected text within the document.
  • Changing the Text Case: This button is used to convert the selected text to lower case or to apply other capitalization.
  • Grow Fonts: With the help of grow fonts we can increase the size of the selected text by one size.
  • Shrink Font: With the help of Shrink font we can reduce the size of selected text by one size.
  • Strike Through: This button is used to draw a line in the middle of the selected text in a document.
  • Subscript: This button is used to create lowercase letters below the text baseline, such as X2.
  • Superscript: This button is used to create lowercase letters above the line of text such as X2.
  • Clear Formatting: This option works to remove the formatting applied to the text document.
  • Text Highlight Color: Used to highlight the selected text.

Question 3.
What is Word Art? How will you insert Word Art in a Word document?
Answer:
Word Art is designed to allow you make your text more attractive. You can format your text to make it look like a picture or 3D art and enhance its appearance in different ways. The steps to insert Word Art are given below:

  • Select the text you want to change.
  • Then click on the Insert tab.
  • Click on the Word Art drop-down arrow in the Text group.
  • A drop-down menu of Word Art style will appear. Click the style you want to use.
  • Word will automatically create a text box for the text.
  • Now click Ok button, the text will appear in the selected style.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-II) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………. is used to create documents.
(a) Word processing
(b) DOS
(c) Numbers
(d) Word Art.
Answer:
(a) Word processing

Question 2.
MS Word is an important …………… Processor.
(a) Text
(b) Word
(c) DOS
(d) Number.
Answer:
(b) Word

Question 3.
In Word, there are ………….. types of tool bars.
(a) 2
(6) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5.
Answer:
(a) 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
………… is a blinking line.
(a) Mouse
(b) Insertion Point
(c) Command
(d) Instructions.
Answer:
(b) Insertion Point

Question 5.
To Select a …………. double click on it.
(a) Word
(b) Text
(c) Sentence
(d) Paragraph.
Answer:
(a) Word

Question 6.
Cut and Copy commands are available in ………….. menu.
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) Format
(d) Help.
Answer:
(b) Edit

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 7.
Backspace key is used to delete the alphabet from the ………….. side of Cursor.
(a) Right
(b) Left
(c) Above
(d) Below.
Answer:
(b) Left

Question 8.
color line appears below the wrong word.
(a) Green
(b) Yellow
(c) Red
(d) Blue.
Answer:
(c) Red

Question 9.
The Page number, Page name, date and time are written in the and, which appears on every page of document.
(a) Upper, Lower
(b) Header, Footer
(c) Margin, Footer
(d) Word, Spreadsheet.
Answer:
(b) Header, Footer

Question 10.
Margins and tabs are available in page setup dialog box.
(a) Orientation
(b) Layout
(c) Page
(d) Columns.
Answer:
(b) Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

2. True/False

1. Title bar appears below the Screen of word.
Answer:
False

2. Word Pad is a Word Processing Package.
Answer:
False

3. The small screen that appears on the right side of the window is called task pane.
Answer:
True

4. The text is added to where the insertion point is.
Answer:
True

5. To exit from the word click File Exit.
Answer:
True

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

3. Match the Columns
Table 1
Answer:
Table 2

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the steps to select a text with the help of mouse.
Answer:
Place the cursor in front of the text and then left click on the mouse button, hold it and drag it over the text and then release it. The text will be selected.

  • Double click on the word to select the same word.
  • To Select the entire paragraph, click within the paragraph three times.
  • To select the complete document, in the Home tab from the editing group, click Select command and then click the Select All button.

Question 2.
Write steps to select the text with the help of keyboard.
Answer:
Press Shift + Arrow keys from the keyboard; Hold down the Shift key and press the arrow button, Word will select the text in the direction of the arrow button. There are three arrow keys in numeric keypad, so you can select text in three different directions.

Question 3.
What do you mean by font?
Answer:
A Font is a graphical representation of the text that may include type, size, design, color, weight of the text.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
Write steps to change case of the text.
Answer:

  • Sentence case: It capitalizes the first letter of each sentence.
  • Lowercase: It changes the text from uppercase to lowercase.
  • Uppercase: It capitalizes all the all letters of your text.
  • Capitalize Each Word: It capitalizes the first letter of each word.
  • Toggle Case: It allows you to Shift between two case views, e.g. to Shift between Capitalize Each Word and CAPITALIZE EACH WORD.

Question 5.
What do you mean by alignment?
Answer:
You can change the text alignment in your document to make it more presentable and readable.
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group which is as follows :

  • Align Text Left (Ctrl + L): Aligns the selected text with the left margin.
  • Align Text Right (Ctrl + R): Aligns the selected text with the right margin.
  • Center (Ctrl + E): This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin.
  • Justify (Ctrl + J): Aligns text to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 6.
Write down the ways to delete page number.
Answer:
If you want to delete the previously, entered page number, click on the Page Number option from the Header & Footer group of the Insert tab and click on the Remove Page Number option from the drop-down list.

Question 7.
How can you format the shapes?
Answer:
Shapes: This button is used to insert the shapes such as circles, squares, arrows and triangles into a document, When the button is clicked. Here are the steps to insert the shape:

  • In the Insert tab, click on the Shapes option from the Illustrations tab.
  • A gallery of different shapes will appear.
  • Click the desired shape and then drag the shape into the document.

If you want to write something in the drawn shape, here are the steps :

  • Right click on the drawn shape.
  • Click Add Text from the pop-up menu.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by Format Painter? How can we use it?
Answer:
Format Painter:
With the help of Format Painter we can copy the format already applied to the text in our document very easily and without wasting time. Below are the steps for copying text formatting :
Method 1.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Click the Home tab and click the Format Painter command.
  • The pointer changes to a paintbrush icon.
  • Use the brush and drag it over the text where you want to apply the formatting.
  • To cancel formatting, press the Esc key or click on the Format Painter command.

Method 2.

  • First select the text whose formatting you want to copy.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + C button.
  • Click on the text where you want to apply the copied formatting.
  • Now press the Ctrl + Shift + V button.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 2.
What is Font Color? How can we change it?
Answer:
Font Color:
If you want to change the color of a word or paragraph in your document, you must select a font color for this purpose. Here are the steps to change the color of the text.
1. Select the text you want to change color.
2. Select the appropriate color from the Font dialog box as shown in the picture above.
Or
1. Select the text you want to change the color.
2. Click on the Font Color option from the Font group as shown in thepicture below. Now a pull down menu will open.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 1
3. Choose your favorite color from this menu. Now your text will change to that color.

Question 3.
What is text highlight color? Write steps to use it.
Answer:
Text Highlight Color:
Just as we can highlight a word or a sentence in our written document with the help of a pen, we can highlight our text with any color in MS Word.

  • Select the text you want to highlight.
  • Click on the Text Highlight option from the Fonts group. Now a pull down menu will open.
  • Now choose your favorite color from this menu. Your text will be highlighted in that color.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II)

Question 4.
What do you mean by Word Art? How can we add it?
Answer:
Word Art:
Word Art is designed to allow you make your text more attractive; you can format your text to make it look like a picture or 3D art and enhance its appearance in different ways. The steps to insert Word Art are given below :

  • Select the text you want to change.
  • Then click on the Insert tab.
  • Click on the Word Art drop-down arrow in the Text group.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 2
  • A drop-down menu of Word Art style will appear. Click the style you want to use.
  • Word will automatically create a text box for the text.
  • Now click Ok button, the text will appear in the selected style.

Question 5.
Write steps to change the alignment of the text.
Answer:
You can change the text alignment in your document to make it more presentable and readable.
There are four types of alignments available in the paragraph group which is as follows:

  • Align Text Left (Ctrl + L): Aligns the selected text with the left margin.
  • Align Text Right (Ctrl + R): Aligns the selected text with the right margin.
  • Center (Ctrl + E): This aligns the selected text to the center within the margin
  • Justify (Ctrl + J): Aligns text : to both left and right margins, adding extra space between words as necessary.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Microsoft Word (Part-II) 3

Here are the steps to change the alignment:

  • Select the text.
  • Click the appropriate alignment button from the Paragraph group of the Home tab.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-I) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Ctrl + S used to …………………
(a) Save
(b) Open
(c) New
(d) Close.
Answer:
(a) Save

Question 2.
Below the ruler, the large area is called the ………………..
(a) Text Area
(b) Open Area
(c) Close Area
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Text Area

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
There are two scroll bars in a word document ……………. and …………… .
(a) Horizontal, vertical
(b) Left, Right
(c) Upper Bar, Lower Bar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Horizontal, vertical

Question 4.
To Open a new document, ……………. Press keys from the keyboard.
(a) Ctrl + O
(b) Ctrl + N
(c) Ctrl + S
(d) Ctrl + 5.
Answer:
(b) Ctrl + N

Question 5.
The view shows the document as it will look when it is printed.
(a) Print Layout
(b) Draft
(c) Outline
(d) Full size.
Answer:
(a) Print Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of option that is present at the bottom-right corner of every group.
Answer:
Dialog Box Launcher.

Question 2.
Write the name of the top most bar of the Word window.
Answer:
The top bar of the Word window is the title bar.

Question 3.
Which View of MS Word displays the document in the same way as we get it after printing?
Answer:
Print layout View

Question 4.
Write the shortcut to create a New document.
Answer:
The Ctrl + 0 shortcut key is used to open a new document.

Question 5.
Which layout view shows the outline of a document?
Answer:
Outline view represents the outline of the document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is a Word Processor?
Answer:
Word processing is a process by which we can create, save, and print any type of document in a computer and it can be used anytime in the future and can be edited if required. The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Question 2.
Write the name of some Word Processing Software.
Answer:
The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Question 3.
How to start the MS Word?
Answer:
The steps to start MS Word are as follows:
2. Now click on All Program from the popup menu as shown in the picture below.
3. Now click MS Office→MS Word.
Or
Type ‘Word” in the search bar as shown in the picture below and press Enter key from the keyboard

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 4.
Write the name of different parts of MS word window.
Answer:
Components of MS word window are as follow:

  • File menu/Office button:
    • Home
    • Insert
    • Page layout
    • References
    • Review
    • view
  • Quick access toolbar
  • Title bar
  • Ribbon
    • Tabs
    • Group
    • Commands
  • Ruler
  • Help
  • Document area
  • Status bar
  • Dialog box launcher 10, view Buttons
    • Print layout view
    • Full Screen view
    • Web Layout view
    • Draft view
    • Outline view

Question 5.
Define the Text Area.
Answer:
Right below the ruler, there is a large space called the text area. This is the area where we type our document; the blinking line in this area is called the insertion point which indicates that your typing will start from this place.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the special features of MS Word.
Answer:
Some of the special features of Microsoft word are as follows:

  • MS Word allows us to include text anywhere in the document.
  • We can delete any word, line or page from the document as easily as we erase the words written on paper.
  • We can cut and copy the text and paste it anywhere in the same document or any other document.
  • MS Word allows us to set the page margin and page size according to our needs.
  • We can add Bold, Italic and Underline effects to the text.
  • We can change the size, style, color of the text.
  • We can add header on the top of pages and footer on the bottom of the page.
  • We can add pictures, chart, graphs and smart art.
  • We can convert the text into tables.
  • You can also set different margins in a document and also determine the different locations to start a paragraph.
  • It also provides us with the facility of macro. This is a list of many commands with which our time is saved.
  • MS Word also provides us the facility of spelling checks. It shows a red line below the words that are incorrect.
  • MS Word also provides us the facility of grammar checks.
  • It also provides Find and Replace option.
  • It also provides the facility of dictionary with which we can find many words with the same meaning and use them in our document.

Question 2.
Explain Document views in MS Word.
Answer:
At the bottom right of the window screen is a set of 5 buttons that allow us to view the document in a different view.
1. Print Layout:
This is the default document view in Word. The Print Layout view shows the document as it would appear after printing. Full Screen Layout view: This view opens the document to a full screen. This layout helps us to make our document easily readable above the screen.

2. Web Layout:
This view displays a document on the screen the way it will look when viewed in a Web browser if you saved it as a web page. Out Line view: The outline view shows the document as an outline form.

3. Draft view: This is the most commonly used view, in this view we can edit our document very quickly and easily.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
How to Create and Save a New Document in MS Word?
Answer:
Follow these steps to create a new document:
2. Now click on New option from the drop down menu.
3. A New Document dialog box will appears on the screen.
4. Click Blank Document option from this dialog box and then Click Create Option.
5. Now a blank document will appear on the screen.
Or
You can create a new document by pressing the Ctrl + N keys from the keyboard.
Saving A File:
To save a newly created document follows these steps:
1. Click the File tab or Office Button.
2. Click Save option. The Save dialog box appears.
3. Now type the name of your document in File name box and then click Save button.
Or
You can also save your document by pressing the Ctrl + S keys from Keyboard.
Now your document is safe for future use.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-I) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
……………… is used to open other options in any group.
(a) Open button
(b) New button
(c) Dialog Box Launcher
(d) All these.
Answer:
(c) Dialog Box Launcher

Question 2.
The …………….. tab is used to prepare the thesis or books.
(a) Insert
(b) design
(c) Review
(d) Reference.
Answer:
(d) Reference.

Question 3.
Orientation option is available in …………..tab.
(a) Design
(b) insert
(c) Page Layout
(d) home.
Answer:
(c) Page Layout

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 4.
Which keys are used to secure the work done.
(a) Ctrl + N
(b) Ctrl + S
(c) Ctrl + 0
(d) Ctrl + P.
Answer:
(b) Ctrl + S

Question 5.
The total number of pages and words appears on the …………… bar.
(a) Title
(b) Status
(c) Horizontal
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) Status

Question 6.
Document can be typed in ………………. area in Word window.
(a) Text
(b) font
(c) Format
(d) View.
Answer:
(a) Text

Question 7.
The table option is available in the ……………. menu.
(a) File
(b) home
(c) Insert
(d) design.
Answer:
(c) Insert

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 8.
Prepared documents are called …………………… .
(a) Template
(b) Blank document
(c) Table
(d) Margin.
Answer:
(a) Template

2. True/False

Question 1.
MS-Word is not a word Processing Software.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
We cannot find and replace a word in MS-Word.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Tabs appear on the top of ribbon.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Ctrl+C keys are used to create a document.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
In MS-Word there are three types of ruler.
Answer:
False

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Microsoft Word?
Answer:
MS Word is word processor software published by Microsoft Company that works on formatting text and graphics and creating a variety of documents.

Question 2.
Write the names of all the groups available in the Home tab.
Answer:
It consists of clipboard, font, paragraph, styles and editing groups.

Question 3.
Which option is used to check grammatical errors in a document?
Answer:
The grammar check option is used to check the grammatical errors.

Question 4.
Which option is used to check the spellings of words in the document?
Answer:
The Spell check option is used to check the spellings of words.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 5.
What are tabs?
Answer:
Tabs are groups of related commands that appear at the top of the ribbon.

Question 6.
Which view can you use to view the document as an outline form?
Answer:
Outline view is use to view the document as an outline form.

Question 7.
Which option is used for MS-Word related help?
Answer:
Help icon is used for MS-Word related support.

Question 8.
Which option is used to add one document to another document?
Answer:
Mail-Merge option is used to add one document to another document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is word processing? Write down its features also.
Answer:
Wort Processing:
We make a lot of mistakes when typing a document with the help of typewriter, which we can’t correct again, we have to type the document again to make it better, but word processing gives us a facility through which we can easily correct our mistakes in typed documents without having to retype them.

Word processing is a process by which we can create, save and print any type of document in a computer and it can be used anytime in the future and can be edited if required. The software that is used for word processing process called word processor. For example: MS Word, Note Pad, Word Pad and word perfect all are word processors.

Features of Word Processing:
Following are the features of word processor :

  • A word processor provides an easier and faster method to type the text.
  • It offers so many styles, size, color, effects for text.
  • Using a word processor, you can apply editing operations to the text.
  • It stores all your documents for. future use.
  • It allows you to insert photos, music, background etc. into the document.
  • It can move any document from one place to another with the help of cut, copy, and paste option.
  • You can delete, edit, update the data in the pre-created document at any time.
  • It helps us to find and correct mistakes in the typed text.
  • It also provide the facility to check the grammar mistakes in the typed text.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 2.
How we can open a document in MS Word?
Answer:
Open an Existing Document:
Follow these steps to open an existing document:

  • Click the File tab or Office Button.
  • Click Open option. The Open dialog box appears.
  • As shown in picture below select a document which you want to open and then Click Open button.
  • Now your document will open on the screen.
    Or
    You can open an existing document by pressing the Ctrl + O keys from the keyboard.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I) 1

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Microsoft Word (Part-I)

Question 3.
Write down all the commands of File Menu.
Answer:
1. File Menu:
This option is available in the upper left corner of the window, it contains many of the following commands:

(a) Home:
It has options like font color, font size, font style, alignment, bullets, line spacing, etc. All the basic elements that someone might need to edit their document are available in the Home option.

(b) Insert:
Tables, sizes, images, charts, graphs, headers, footers, page numbers, etc. are available in insert options.

(c) Design:
The template (pre-created document design) or the design in which you want your document to be created can be selected under the Design tab.

(d) Page layout:
Under the Page Layout tab we can find the options such as Margins, Orientation, Columns, Lines, Indentations, Spacing, etc.

(e) Reference:
This tab is most useful for those who are preparing thesis or writing books or working on a long document. Footnote, table of content, bibliography, captions etc. options can be found under this tab.

(f) Review:
Spell check, grammar, thesaurus, word count, language, translation, comments, etc. can all be tracked under the Review tab.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Light Shadows and Reflections Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Classify different objects depending on whether an object allows light to pass through it completely, partially or not at all.
Answer:
Depending upon the amount of light passing through the object we can classify objects into the following three types.

  1. Transparent objects. Those objects which allow light to pass through them completely.
  2. Translucent objects. Those objects which allow only partial amount of light to pass through them.
  3. Opaque objects. Those objects which do not allow light to pass through them at all.

Question 2.
Classify the objects given in following table as transparent, opaque or translucent.

Object/material Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water
Tissue paper
Stone
Air
Book
Mirror
Thin cloth

Answer:

Object/material Transparent/opaque/translucent
Water Transparent
Tissue paper Translucent
Stone Opaque
Air Transparent
Book Opaque
Mirror Transparent
Thin cloth Translucent

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 109)

Question 1.
Light travels in ……………. line path.
Answer:
Light travels in straight line path.

Question 2.
Light cannot pass through …………….. material.
Answer:
Light cannot pass through opaque material.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 111)

Question 1.
For shadow formation, how many things are required ?
Answer:
For shadow formation, the following three things are required :

  1. Source of light.
  2. An opaque object and
  3. For getting shadow a surface or screen (which may be a wall or it can be earth surface)

Question 2.
A shadow is observed, on a screen, when an …………….. object comes in between
screen and a source of light.
Answer:
A shadow is observed on a screen, whenever an opaque object comes in between screen and a source of light.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No.112)

Question 1.
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative ………….. of source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
The size of shadow of a given opaque object depends on relative position of source of light and the opaque object.

Question 2.
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be …………….. (black/white)
Answer:
What may be the colour of opaque object, shadow will always be black.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 115)

Question 1.
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in ………………… path.
Answer:
Pin-hole camera is based on the fact that in ordinary conditions light travel in straight line path.

Question 2.
The images formed by pin-hole camera is …………….. and ………………..
Answer:
The images formed by pin-hole camera is inverted and small.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 116)

Question 1.
A mirror does not change the direction of light that falls on it. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
A polished or shining surface like plane miror produces reflection.
Answer:
A polished or shining surface like plane mirror produces regular reflection.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Light Shadows and Reflections Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) An object that allow light to pass through them partially are known as …………….. object.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) Light source like the sun that emit light of their own are called …………… objects.
Answer:
Luminous

(c) Never ever look directly at the Sun because it could be extremely …………… for the eyes.
Answer:
harmful

(d) The change in direction of propagation of light when light allowed to fall on polished
surface is called ……………….. of light.
Answer:
Reflection

(e) Due to ……………… phenomenon rooms are lighted up in day time though no direct
sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
irregular reflection

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

2. Write True or False:

(a) Moon is a luminous object.
Answer:
False

(b) We can clearly see through transparent material.
Answer:
True

(c) Shadow of opaque object is always black.
Answer:
True

(d) Light doesn’t travel in straight line path.
Answer:
False

(e) Due to reflection of light, rooms are lighted up during day time though no direct sunlight enters the room.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Natural sources of light (a) Light moves along a straight path
2. CFL, LED and tube light (b) Opaque object
3. Rectilinear propagation of light (c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
4. Eclipse (d) Man-made sources of light
5. Cardboard, wood and metal (e) Sun, stars and firefly.

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Natural sources of light (e) Sun, stars and firefly
2. CFL, LED and tube light (d) Man-made sources of light
3. Rectilinear propagation of light (a) Light moves along a straight path
4. Eclipse (c) Shadow cast by a heavenly body
5. Cardboard, wood and metal (b) Opaque object.

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Objects, like moon, which do not emit light of their own, are called:
(a) Luminous objects
(b) Absorbers of light
(c) Non-luminous objects
(d) Reflectors of light.
Answer:
(c) Non-luminous object

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question (ii)
An object, through which we can see partially, but not very clearly, is:
(a) A rubber ball
(b) A sheet of plane glass
(c) A sheet of tracing paper
(d) A compact disk.
Answer:
(c) A sheet of tracing paper

Question (iii)
When sun (during evening) is behind an object, the size of its shadow in comparison to that of the object M ould be:
(a) Smaller
(b) Almost zero
(c) Larger
(d) Equal.
Answer:
(C) Larger

Question (iv)
The image, formed by a pinhole camera, is:
(a) Inverted and diminished
(b) Inverted and enlarged
(c) Erect and enlarged
(d) Erect and diminished.
Answer:
(a) Inverted and diminished

Question (v)
For shadow formation, we require :
(a) An opaque object
(b) A source of light
(c) The screen to obtain the shadow
(d) All of the above.
Answer:
All of the above

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State the type of path that light ordinarily follows while going from one point to another.
Answer:
Light follows straight line path.

Question (ii)
Fishes do not cast shadow in water. Why ?
Answer:
Fishes do not cast their shadows when the bed river or swimming pool which acts as a screen is far away from the fishes.

Question (iii)
State the relative position of sun, earth and the moon during solar eclipse.
Answer:
During solar eclipse, the position sun will be between earth and the moon and the
three are in a straight line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question (iv)
In a completely dark room, if you hold a mirror in front of you, will you see a reflection of yourself in the mirror ?
Answer:
If you hold a mirror in front of you in a completely dark room you cannot see your image because light is required for formation of image.

Question (v)
Two identical bed sheets, of pink and grey colour are hanging on a rope under the sun. What would be the colour of shadow of these two bed sheets ?
Answer:
We know that the shadow of an opaque object is always black. The colour of shadow does not depend on the colour of an object. So the colour of shadows of these two bed sheets would be black.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is regular reflection ?
Answer:
Regular reflection. When light falls on a plane mirror or smooth and polished surface of some metal then it is reflected in a regular manner. This type of reflection is known as regular reflection.

Question (ii)
Why shadow in afternoon is smaller than shadow formed in the morning ?
Answer:
During noon the sun is vertically above our head and the sun rays directly fall on the
objects so that a small image is formed whereas in the morning the sun rays fall obliquely resulting in a large shadow. The size of the shadow depends upon the position of the source of light relative to the object.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Using suitable diagrams show that size of shadow formed, depends on relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
Answer:
It is clear from the figure that by increasing the distance between the source of light and the opaque body the size of the shadow decreases. And if the distance between the source of light and the opaque object decreases the size of the shadow becomes light. Thus we can say that the size of shadow formed depends on the relative position of source of light and the opaque object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 1

Question (ii)
Using diagram, show the formation of image by pinhole camera.
Answer:
Pinhole camera. It is a simple camera which can be made from wood or cardboard box. Take two boxes such that one can slide into the other tube easily.

Cut the small flaps of one side of each box. Make a hole in the centre of other side of big box. Similarly cut a rectangular flap in the centre of other side of small box. Put a piece of tracing paper on this cut. Slide the smaller box inside the bigger box. A pinhole camera is ready.

Working. Try to view from the open side of small box. Cover your head and box with a black cloth. View some trees or far off objects. Fix camera on object which is completely under sunlight. Slide small box inside bigger box so that a picture can be obtained on butter paper.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 2

Formation of sun’s shadow with pinhole camera.
To make shadow of sun, we need a big cardboard sheet with a pinhole in centre. Hold this sheet in front of sun to get a clear shadow. We will see round image of sun in the centre of the cardboard sheet.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 3

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Light Shadows and Reflections Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
The substance through which light can pass is called:
(a) Translucent
(b) Opaque
(c) Transparent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Transparent

Question 2.
For formation of shadow, the object in the path of light should be:
(a) Transparent
(b) Opaque
(c) Traslucent
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Opaque

Question 3.
Seeing across Translucent objects is possible:
(a) Completely
(b) Partially
(c) Not at all
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Partially

Question 4.
Luminous bodies:
(a) Emit light
(b) Do not emit light
(c) Take light from other body and then emit light
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Emit light

Question 5.
Moon is a body:
(a) Luminous
(b) Non-luminous
(c) Both luminous and non-luminous
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Non-luminous

Question 6.
During reflection, light after striking polished surface is:
(a) Sent back into the same medium
(b) Is passed on to the other medium
(c) Some part of light returns to the same medium
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Sent back into the same medium

Question 7.
Reflection of light occurs at :
(a) Regular surface
(b) Irregular surface
(v) Some part of the surface is regular and some part is irregular.
Answer:
(a) Regular surface

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question 8.
When an opaque object is brought near a source of light, then :
(a) The size should become equal to that of the object
(b) The size of the shadow becomes smaller
(c) The size of the shadow increases
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Question 9.
The image formed in a pinhole camera is of :
(a) Object situated near
(b) Distant object
(c) Distant object at rest
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Distant object

Question 10.
The shadow of a transparent object is :
(a) Dark black
(b) Circular
(c) Large sized
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(d) None of these.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Those objects through which light can not pass completely are called ……………….. objects.
Answer:
Translucent

(b) An opaque object placed in the path of light rays coming from source of light forms a black region behind the object which is called ………………
Answer:
Shadows

(c) Reflection of light occurs from surface of a ……………..
Answer:
mirror

(d) Irregular reflection of light takes place from a …………….. surface.
Answer:
rough

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

(e) Images of sun and other luminous objects are formed by ………………….
Answer:
Pinhole camera

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) The size of the shadow of an object does not depend on the position of source of light.
Answer:
False

(b) During lunar eclipse the moon is in between sun and earth and three are in a straight line.
Answer:
False

(c) Light travels in a straight line and does not bend around large objects.
Answer:
True

(d) Moon is a non-luminous body.
Answer:
True

(e) Taking source of light away from an opaque object forms large shadow of the object.
Answer:
False

Match the following :

Match statement of column A with that of Column B.

Column A Column B
1. Light travels in straight line Earth lies in between moon and sun.
2. Lunar eclipse Formation of shadow
3. Solar eclipse Pinhole camera.
4. Inverted and small image Opaque objects, source of light and screen
5. Shadows Moon is between Earth and Sun.

Answer:
(1) Light travels in straight line – Formation of shadow.
(2) Lunar eclipse – Earth lies in between moon and sun.
(3) Solar eclipse – Moon is between Earth and Sun.
(4) Inverted and small image – Pinhole camera.
(5) Shadows – Opaque objects, source of light and screen.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is luminous body ?
Answer:
Luminous body. An object which gives out light of its own is called luminous body.

Question 2.
Name some luminous bodies.
Answer:
The sun, electric bulb, lighted candle, stars etc.

Question 3.
What are non-luminous bodies ?
Answer:
Non-luminous bodies. The bodies which donot give out light are called non-luminous bodies.

Question 4.
Name four non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Card board, Table, Chair, Stone.

Question 5.
What is a transparent material ?
Answer:
Transparent. The matrial which comdpletely transmits light rays through it, is called transparent.

Question 6.
Name four transparent materials.
Answer:
Air, glass, water, alcohol.

Question 7.
What is an opaque material ?
Answer:
Opaque. The materials which do not allow the light to pass through them, are called opaque.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question 8.
Name four opaque materials.
Answer:
Card board, Stone, wood piece and brick wall.

Question 9.
What is traslucent material ?
Answer:
Translucent. The material which transmits only part of light through it, is called translucent.

Question 10.
Name four translucent materials.
Answer:
Smoke, Fog, Butter paper, Rubber glass.

Question 11.
What is to be done to see shadow ?
Answer:
To see a shadow, place an opaque object in the path of source of light.

Question 12.
What are shadows ?
Answer:
Shadows. It is the dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light.

Question 13.
Why should not we see directly towards the Sun ?
Answer:
It can affect our eyes.

Question 14.
How is image in a pinhole camera, possible ?
Answer:
When light travels in a straight line, then an inverted image is formed in a pinhole camera.

Question 15.
What is reflection of light ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. When a ray of light falls on a mirror/polished surface, it is sent back in to the same medium. This change of path of light is known as reflection of light.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Is moon a Luminous or non-luminous body ?
Answer:
Moon is a non-luminous body as it does not give out light but reflects the sun light falling on its surface.

Question 2.
What are the conditions necessary for seeing objects ?
Answer:
Conditions necessary for seeing objects :

  1. The object to be seen
  2. Eye
  3. Presence of light

We cannot see objects in the dark. It is the light that helps us to see objects.

Question 3.
Differentiate between luminous and non-luminous bodies.
Answer:
Luminous bodies. Those bodies which give out light of their own are called Luminous bodies. For example, the Sun, the stars, jugnu, candle, an oil lamp etc.

Non-Luminous bodies. Some objects around us do not give out light themselves, but become visible only when light from a luminous body falls on them and some part of the reflected light enters our eyes.
Examples. Wood, Iron, cardboard and brick etc.

Question 4.
Why does an opaque body form shadow when light falls on it ?
Answer:
When light falls on an opaque body, it does not allow light to pass through it, so it forms its shadow.

Question 5.
What is a shadow ? What happens when an object is moved towards source of light ?
Answer:
Shadow. It is a dark space formed on the other side of the opaque object, when it is placed in the path of light. The opaque object does not allow the light to pass through it and light travels in a straight line only.

Question 6.
When we see some opaque object at height in the sun, black spots are seen on the earth. Why ?
Answer:
When we see some opaque objects at a height in the sun we notice some black spots on the earth which are shadows of the objects formed on the earth. Here earth acts as a screen.

Question 7.
Is a screen needed for shadow formation ? Which type of material, act as screen for shadows in daily life ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 4
Yes, screen is needed for shadow formation as shadows can be seen on screens only.
Walls of a room, building and such surface etc. act as screen for shadows in daily life.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question 8.
Show with an experiment that light travels in a straight line.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 5
Take a small piece of long rubber pipe and place a candle on a table. Light the candle. Stand a little far away from the table and see the candle flame through the pipe. It is visible. Now bend the pipe or move it to the right or left and again look for the candle flame. The candle flame will disappear. This shows that light travels in a straight line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 6
The reason is that light rays coming towards our eye through pipe is stopped due to bend. Since pipe is made up of opaque material, so light cannot pass through it. Hence light cannot reach our eye, due to which candle is not visible to us. This shows that light travels along a straight line.

Question 9.
What is reflection of light ? Which objects can cause reflection ?
Answer:
Reflection of light. The phenomenon of coming back of light into the same medium in a particular direction after falling on any surface, is called reflection of light. Ordinarily reflection takes place from polished surfaces but sometimes we see reflection of trees and buildings from water of tank or lake.

Question 10.
Classify the objects or materials given below as opaque, transparent or translucent luminous and non-luminous.

Air, water, a piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a miror, a wooden board, a sheet of polythene, a CD, smoke, a sheet of plane glass, fog, a piece of red hot iron, an umbrella, a lighted fluorescent tube, a wall, a sheet of carbon paper, the flame of a gas burner, a sheet of cardboard, a lighted torch, a sheet of cellophane, a wire mesh, kerosene stove, sun, firefly, moon.
Answer:
Opaque. A piece of rock, a sheet of aluminium, a wooden board, a CD, a sheet of carbon paper, a wall, a sheet of cardboard.
Transparent. Air, water, a sheet of plane glass.
Translucent. A sheet of cellophane, a sheet of polythene, smoke, fog, an umbrella, a wiremesh.
Luminous. A mirror, a lighted fluorescent tube, lighted torch, a flame of a gas burner, a piece of red hot iron, kerosene stove, sun, firefly.
Non-Luminous. A piece of rock, aluminium sheet, a wooden board, a sheet of cardboard moon.

Question 11.
Can you think of creating a shape that would give a circular shadow if held in one way and a rectangular shadow if held in another way ?
Answer:
A cylindrical box can give rectangular shadow when placed in vertical direction while a round/circular shadow when placed horizontally.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 7

Question 12.
What are the conditions necessary for formation of shadow of an opaque objects ?
Answer:
For formation of shadow of an opaque object, the following conditions are necessary :

  1. A source of light
  2. An opaque object
  3. The screen (may be a wall or ground

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections

Question 13.
What is Irregular Reflection ?
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 8
Irregular Reflection. When light falls on some rough or uneven surface then after reflection light gets scattered. Such type of reflection is called irregular reflection. Due to this phenomenon we see various objects around us.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is the reflection of light ? Show the phenomenon of reflection with the help of an activity.
Answer:
Reflection of light : The phenomenon coming back of light into the same medium after following on a smooth and polished surface is called reflection of light.

Activity 1.
Ask your friend to hold a plane mirror in his hand and stand in a corner of a dark room. Cover the glass of a torch with your palm and switch it on. To get a beam of light leave some space between your fingers. Throw this beam of light on the plane mirror held by your friend, you would notice the spots of light. Now change the direction of torch so that the image of some other friend standing in the room is formed in the mirror.
This activity shows that the mirror relflects the light falling on its surface.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 9

Activity 2.
Fix a comb on one side of a white thermocol sheet and fix a mirror on the other side as shown in fig. Fix a dark cloured sheet of paper between the comb and the mirror. Now project a beam of light from a torch through the comb on the mirror. You will see a pattern as shown in the figure.
This activity shows that mirror changes the direction of light that falls on it. which is due to reflection of light.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 10

Question 2.
Show an activity to study the factors which are responsible to affect the size and colour of shadows.
Answer:
Study of factors that affect the size and colour of shadows:
Activity.
Throw a beam of light from a torch over a cubical block as shown in the figure to get its shadow on the ground. First, move the torch towards the cubical block and then away from it.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 11 Light Shadows and Reflections 11

You will notice that when the torch is closer to the cubical block, the shadow is small and when it is away, the shadow is large in size.

Now use cubical blocks of different colours like chalk boxes, books, copies, tiffin boxes for getting shadows. You will see that in each case shadow is black.

In this way from the above activity we conclude:

  1. The size of the shadow of a given opaque object depends on the relative position of the source of light and the opaque object.
  2. The shadow of an opaque object is always black whatever may be the colour of the opaque object.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 15 Air Around Us

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Air Around Us Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Plants give out ……………….. gas and breathe in ……………….. gas.
Answer:
oxygen, carbon dioxide

(b) …………………. gas can not be used directly from the atmosphere.
Answer:
nitrogen

(c) Earth is protected from the harmful rays of sun by …………………… layer.
Answer:
ozone

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

(d) ………………. is important for the water cycle.
Answer:
air.

2. Write True or False:

(a) Oxygen gas protects us from the harmful UV rays of the sun.
Answer:
Flase

(b) Carbondioxide is required for burning of fuel.
Answer:
Flase

(c) Composition of air always remain the same.
Answer:
Flase

(d) Air contains equal amount of oxygen and nitrogen.
Answer:
Flase

(e) Aquatic animals breathe carbon dioxide which is dissolved in water.
Answer:
Flase

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Most abundant gas in the air (a) ozone
2. Gas required for photosynthesis (b) water vapours
3. Gas used for respiration (c) carbondioxide
4. Form of water present in the air (d) nitrogen
5. Layer that protects us from harmful rays of Sun (e) oxygen

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Most abundant gas in the air (d) nitrogen
2. Gas required for photosynthesis (c) carbondioxide
3. Gas used for respiration (e) oxygen
4. Form of water present in the air (b) water vapour
5. Layer that protects us from harmful rays of Sun (a) ozone

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Air contains highest percentage of which gas ?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Smoke
(d) Carbondioxide.
Answer:
(b) Nitrogen

Question (ii)
Which gas is a supporter of combustion ?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Carbondioxide
(c) Smoke
(d) Oxygen.
Answer:
(d) Oxygen

Question (iii)
Moving air is known as:
(a) Wind
(b) Water vapour
(c) Ozone
(d) Wind mill.
Answer:
(a) Wind

Question (iv)
Earthworms come out of soil during:
(a) heavy rains
(b) cold weather
(c) snow
(d) hot weather.
Answer:
(a) heavy rains.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Which gas is essential for breathing of animals ?
Answer:
Oxygen gas is essential for breathing of animals.

Question (ii)
Name one component of air that does not support burning.
Answer:
Carbon dioxide does not support burning.

Question (iii)
Name the components of air.
Answer:
Components of air are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapours, and smoke.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Which gas in the atmosphere is essential for respiration ?
Answer:
Oxygen gas is essential for respiration.

Question (ii)
Why does a lemp of cotton wool shrink in water ?
Answer:
A lemp of cotton has air trapped in it in the spaces between the cotton wool. When water is poured on it or lemp of cotton is dipped in water, the air so trapped gets displaced and appears in the form of bubbles with the result no air space is left between the glasswool. In this way, the size of the lemp decreases so that it shrinks.

Question (iii)
How will you show that air dissolves in water ?
Answer:
To show that air dissolves in water, we can perform the following experiment.
Steps of the Procedure.

  1. Take some water in glass vessel and heat it on a tripod stand before it begins to boil.
  2. Look at the inner surface of vessel.
  3. The tiny bubbles appear inside before water starts boiling.
  4. These are air bubbles.

From this experiment it is proved that air is dissolved in water.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How will you show that air supports burning ?
Answer:
Experiment. Take a candle and fix it on a table.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 1
The candle is lighted by using a burning match stick. The candle will continue to bum in this case. This is because air is continuously available to the candle for its burning process.

Now cover the burning candle by putting an inverted jar over it. After a short time, the candle stops burning. It gets extinguished (see Figure). This can be explained as – when the burning candle is covered with glass jar, then the candle takes the oxygen necessary for burning from the air enclosed in gas jar. Since only a small amount of oxygen is available in the gas jar which is used in short time then the burning candle gets extinguished. Thus when a burning candle is covered with gas jar, then the fresh supply of air to the candle is cut off and hence it stops burning.
From this experiment, we conclude that air is necessary for burning.

Question (ii)
How is the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen gases is maintained in the atmosphere ?
Answer:
Air contains both, oxygen gas and carbon dioxide gas. Plants use carbon dioxide of air and produce oxygen during photosynthesis. Oxygen is used by animals for respiration and carbon dioxide gas exhaled by them is produced which goes into the air and is used by plants. This is how the balance of carbon dioxide and oxygen gases is maintained in the atmosphere.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Air Around Us Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which gas is needed for burning ?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) All.
Answer:
(a) Oxygen

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

Question 2.
Oxygen and Nitrogen constitute , ……………… of air.
(a) 1%
(b) 99%
(c) 100%
(d) None.
Answer:
(b) 99%

Question 3.
The plants release ……………….. during photosynthesis.
(a) Oxygen
(b) Nitrogen
(c) Carbon dioxide
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Carbon dioxide

Question 4.
Air is:
(a) A mixture of gases
(b) A compound
(c) An element
(d) None.
Answer:
(a) A mixture of gases

Question 5.
Oxygen in air is replaced by:
(a) Respiration
(b) Burning
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) None.
Answer:
(c) Photosynthesis

Question 6.
Air helps in moving:
(a) Yachts
(b) Parachutes
(c) Windmills
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) The ………………… air sways the clothes on cloth line.
Answer:
moving

(b) Air ……………… space.
Answer:
occupies

(c) Our earth is …………….. by a thin layer of air.
Answer:
surrounded

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

(d) Air is a ………………. of many gases.
Answer:
mixture

(e) For burning ……………….. is needed.
Answer:
oxygen

(f) Suffocation is result of excess ……………….. in the room.
Answer:
carbon dioxide

(g) The burning of fuels ……………….. smoke.
Answer:
produce

(h) ……………………. particles are always present in the air.
Answer:
Dust

(i) Hair in nose ……………….. dust particles from getting into our body.
Answer:
prevent

(j) Air is present in the tiny …………………. of soil.
Answer:
particles

(k) The wind makes the ………………… rotate.
Answer:
wind-mill

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

(l) ………………… plays an important role in water cycle.
Answer:
Air

Write T against true and F against false statement:

(a) Air is found in soil only.
Answer:
False

(b) Air has no visibility but it is transparent.
Answer:
True

(c) Nitrogen is needed for burning.
Answer:
False

(d) Smoke disturbs birds in the sky.
Answer:
True

(e) We should breathe through open mouth.
Answer:
False

(f) Water has air in it.
Answer:
True

(g) Composition of air is constant everywhere.
Answer:
False

(h) Earthworms live in holes in the earth.
Answer:
True

(i) Plants consume oxygen for respiration.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

(j) Windmills generate electricity.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Where is air found ?
Answer:
All around us i.e. everywhere.

Question 2.
What makes the leaves rustle ?
Answer:
Air.

Question 3.
What is colour of air ?
Answer:
No colour/colourless.

Question 4.
Which gas is filled in cylinders carried by mountaineers ?
Answer:
Oxygen.

Question 5.
Presence of which particle is important for water cycle ?
Answer:
Water vapour.

Question 6.
Which gas is produced during burning/respiration ?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide.

Question 7.
From where do roots get oxygen for respiration ?
Answer:
Air present in soil.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

Question 8.
What is layer of air around the earth known as ?
Answer:
Atmosphere.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is air ?
Answer:
Air is a mixture of gases such as oxygen, nitrogen, carbondioxide, water vapour, dust particles etc.

Question 2.
Why is oxygen important ?
Answer:
Oxygen is important because it is needed for burning and respiration.

Question 3.
How do animals living on soil and roots of plant respire ?
Answer:
Soil contains air in the space between its particles. Burrows of animals also allow air to circulate through these spaces. So this air is used by animals and roots for respiration.

Question 4.
List uses of air.
Answer:
Uses of air :

  1. It is used for rotating wind mills.
  2. It is used for moving yachts, gliders etc.
  3. It is used by brids for flying.
  4. It is used for burning.
  5. It is used for dispersal of seeds and pollen grains.
  6. It is used for respiration.
  7. It is used for winnowing.

Question 5.
Write few uses of wind mills.
Answer:
Wind mill is a set up which runs on moving air or wind. This is very useful for many activities.
Uses of wind mills :

  1. For drawing water from tube wells.
  2. For generating electricity.
  3. For running flour mills.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How will you show that an empty glass bottle is filled with air ?
Or
How will you show that air occupies space ?
Answer:
Air occupies space. We take an empty glass bottle and hold it in the inverted position. The inverted glass bottle is put in water kept in a vessel (Fig. A). We will find that the water does not enter into the inverted glass bottle because the bottle is filled with air. Actually, all the space in the bottle is occupied by air. From this experiment we conclude that air occupies space.

If we tilt the bottle held in water we will find that the air present in the bottle goes out in the form of bubbles (Fig. B.)

As the air from the bottle escapes, water starts entering the glass bottle. Actually, the space vacated by the air leaving the bottle is now occupied by water.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 2

Question 2.
Give an experiment to show the presence of water vapours in the air.
Answer:
Experiment showing presence of water vapours in air. The presence of water vapours in the air can be shown as follows:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 3

We take a steel or glass tumbler and put some well crushed ice into it. (See Fig.). Wipe the tumbler from outside with a piece of clean and dry cloth so as to make its outer surface completely dry.

Allow the ice-containing steel or glass tumbler to stand undisturbed for five minutes. A large number of tiny drops of water appear on the outer surface of steel tumbler. This is because the air around the steel tumbler contains water vapours in it. When they come in contact with cold, they condense to form tiny drops of liquid water.

Thus, by observing the formation of drops of water on the outside surface of the steel or the glass tumbler containing crushed ice we conclude that water vapours are present in air.

Question 3.
Besides water, what other thing is present in the lump of soil ? Show its presence.
Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 4
Air is also present in the lump of soil. It can be shown as follows :
We take the lump of soil and put it in a vessel full of water. We will see air bubbles escaping from the lump of soil into the water.

Actually the lump of soil contains air in its pores. When the lump of soil is put in water, the water displaces air from its pores. So, the air present in the lump of soil is seen going out in the form of air bubbles in the vessel containing
water.

Question 4.
How will you show that air contains dust particles ?
Answer:
The presence of dust particles in air can be shown as follows :
We darken a room completely by putting black chart papers on its windows and a black curtain on its door. A small hole is made in the black chart paper fixed on that window, which faces the sun. See Fig.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Air Around Us 5
A thin beam of sunlight enters the darkened room through the small hole made in the window. We can see the small dust particles moving in the beam of light in the darkroom. Actually, the air in the room always contains some dust particles but they are so small that normally they are not visible to us. These tiny dust particles become visible and can be seen by us only when a thick beam of sunlight falls on them. This experiment shows that air contains dust particles.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Motion and Measurement of Distances Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 103)

Question 1.
The length of a curved line can be measured by a metre scale directly. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 2.
The metre is standard unit of length. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Motion and Measurement of Distances Textbook Questions and Answers

Exercise – 1

1. Fill in the Blanks :

(a) One metre is ………………… cm.
Answer:
100

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

(b) Five kilometre is ………………. m.
Answer:
5000

(c) Motion of a child on a swing is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(d) Motion of the needle of a sewing machine is ……………….
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion of wheel of a bicycle is ……………..
Answer:
Circular motion

2. Write True or False:

(a) Handspan or foot step are standard units of measurement.
Answer:
False

(b) Standard unit of length is metre.
Answer:
True

(c) Motion of train on railway track is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

(d) Length of a curved line can be measured by a scale.
Answer:
False

(e) Motion of hands of a clock is a circular motion.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Metre (a) Periodic Motion
2. Circular Motion (b) Length
3. 1 Km (c) Linear Motion
4. Train on track (d) Hands of Clock
5. Swing (e) 1000 m

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Metre (b) Length
2. Circular Motion (d) Hands of Clock
3. 1 Km (e) 1000 m
4. Train on track (c) Linear Motion
5. Swing (a) Periodic Motion

Exercise – 2

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
In motor vehicles which of the following is used for measuring the distance covered by the vehicle ?
(a) Speedometer
(b) Odometer
(c) Thermometer
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Odometer

Question (ii)
A student want to take the measurements of a brick, for this purpose which unit he should use ?
(a) Kilometre
(b) Meter
(c) Centimetre
(d) Hand span.
Answer:
(c) Centimetre

Question (iii)
Which one among the following is false ?
(a) 1000 m = 1 km
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm
(c) 100 cm = 1 m
(d) 10 mm = 1 cm.
Answer:
(b) 100 mm = 1 cm

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (iv)
The motion of wings of a moving fan is …………….
(a) Circular Motion
(b) Linear Motion
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Circular Motion.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Name some means of transport used in ancient time.
Answer:
Ancient means of transport :

  1. Bullock Cart,
  2. Hand drawn and hand pushed carts,
  3. Palanquin carried by men,
  4. Boats made of wood,
  5. walked on foot,
  6. rode on animals back (horse and donkey),
  7. Tonga, (8) Coracles.

Question (ii)
Give two examples of periodic motion.
Answer:
Examples of Periodic motion :
(1) Motion of simple pendulum
(2) Up and down motion of needle of sewing machine.
(3) Motion of swing.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Give two examples of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Examples of transport :
(1) On land : (a) Bus, (b) Car, (c) Train.
(2) On Water : (a) Ship, (b) Boat.
(3) In Air : (a) Aeroplane, (b) Helicopter.

Question (ii)
What is distance ?
Answer:
Distance. It is measurement of length between two points. It is also a length and S.l. unit of distance is metre.

Question (iii)
Arrange the following lengths in their incresing magnitude :
1 metre, 1 centimetre, 1 kilometre, 1 millimetre.
Answer:
Arrangement of lengths in increasing magnitude :
1 millimeter < 1 centimeter < 1 metre < 1 kilometer.

Question (iv)
Write the similarities and differences between the motion of a bicycle and a ceiling fan that has been switched on.
Answer:
Both bicycle and ceiling fan have circular motion. But wheel of a bi-cycle also performs linear motion on the road which is not undertaken by ceiling fan.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (v)
The distance between Radha’s home and her school is 3250 m. Express this distance into km.
Solution.
Distance between Radha’s home and school = 3250 m
= \(\frac{3250}{1000}\) km [∵ 1 km – 1000 m]
= 3.250 km
Answer:

7. Long Answer Type Questions :

Question (i)
Describe what precautions should be taken while measuring length or breadth of an object.
Answer:
The following precautions must be taken while using a metre scale for measuring length :
(1) The scale should be placed close and along the length of the object to be measured.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 1

(2) If the ends of the scale are broken then in such a case one should coincide any other full mark of the scale with one edge of the object. The correct length is obtained by subtracting the reading of the mark from the reading coinciding with the other end of the object.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 2

(3) The eye must be kept on the end point of the object where the measurement is to be taken.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 3

Question (ii)
How many types of motion are there ? Give examples for each type.
Answer:
Different types of motion that we generally observe in our daily life are given below :
1. Linear Motion,
2. Circular Motion,
3. Periodic Motion.

1. Linear Motion. The motion of an object in a straight line is called Linear Motion.
Examples :
(a) A car or bus moving on a straight road.
(b) An athlete running on a straight track.
(c) Train running on straight track.

2. Circular Motion. Motion of an object on a circular path is called circular motion.
Examples :
(a) Motion of blades of a ceiling fan.
(b) Motion of hands of a wall clock.
(c) Motion of stone tied to the string when whirled around.

3. Periodic Motion. When an object repeats its motion after a fixed interval of time is said to have Periodic Motion.
Examples :
(a) The motion of a swing.
(b) Motion of needle of a sewing machine.
(c) Heart beat.
(d) The revolution of earth around the sun.

Question (iii)
Write an activity for measuring the length of a curved line.
Answer:
Measuring length of curved line using a thread :
The following steps should be taken while measuring the length of a curved line :
(1) Take a long, thick piece of thread.
(2) Tie a knot at one end of the thread.
(3) Place this knot on one point of curve, let it be A.
PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances 4
(4) Place small portion of thread along the line using fingers and thumb.
(5) Hold the thread at this end point with one hand.
(6) Using other hand, stretch a little more portion of thread along the curved line.
(7) Repeat this process till you reach the other end of line, let it be point B,
(8) Mark the point on the thread with ink.
(9) Stretch this thread on a metre scale and measure the length between the knot and the end mark on the thread. This is the length of the curved line.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question (iv)
Why handspan or foot steps cannot be used as standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
A standard unit must be same at all places so that it is understood similarly by different persons. If a length is measured by handspans or foot steps of different person it will not be the same.
As their measure is not fixed and varies from person to person. So handspan and foot step cannot be considered as a standard unit of measurement.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Motion and Measurement of Distances Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question 1.
Which of the following is a standard unit of length ?
(a) Decimeter
(b) Centimeter
(c) Millimeter
(d) Metre.
Answer:
(d) Metre.

Question 2.
1 kilometre = ……………..
(a) 100 m
(b) 1000 m
(c) 100 cm
(d) 10 mm.
Answer:
(b) 1000 m

Question 3.
Length of curved line can be measured by:
(a) Tailors measuring Tape
(b) Metre scale
(c) Thread
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Thread

Question 4.
The means of transportation used in water surface is:
(a) Aeroplane
(b) Boat
(c) Train
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Boat

Question 5.
The motion of a child on a swing is:
(a) Circular motion
(b) Periodic motion
(c) Linear motion
(d) Both Circular motion and Linear motion.
Answer:
(b) Periodic motion

Question 6.
1 millimetre is what part of one metre ?
(a) \(\frac{1}{10}\)th
(b) \(\frac{1}{100}\)th
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) \(\frac{1}{1000}\)th

Question 7.
To express the distance between Delhi and Mumbai, the standard unit of length used would be :
(a) Metre
(b) Quintal
(c) Kilometer
(d) Kilogram.
Answer:
(c) Kilometer

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question 8.
The precaution while measuring length with metre scale is:
(a) Correct position of eye
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale
(c) Only correct end of meter scale
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Correct position of eye and proper end of metre scale

Question 9.
The SI unit of length is :
(a) Kilometre
(b) Centimetre
(c) Metre
(d) Inch.
Answer:
(c) Metre

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Curved lengths are measured by using a ……………… .
Answer:
thread

(b) Linear motion is the movement of the object in a …………….. .
Answer:
straight line

(c) The motion of blades of ceiling fan is an example of ………………. .
Answer:
circular motion

(d) The revolution of earth around the sun is an example of ……………… .
Answer:
Periodic motion

(e) Motion is the change in …………………. of an object in comparison to surrounding with time.
Answer:
position.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements :

(a) Swinging of our arms forward and backward is an example of a periodic motion.
Answer:
False

(b) Periodic motion helps us to measure time.
Answer:
True

(c) Metre is a convenient scale for measuring long distances.
Answer:
False

(d) S.I. unit of length is centimeter.
Answer:
False

(e) Vehicle moving on a straight road is an example of linear motion.
Answer:
True

Match the following :

Column A Column B
(1) Metre An ancient unit of measuring length
(2) Motion Motion of tip of ceiling fan blade
(3) Circular Motion S.I. Unit of length
(4) Linear Motion State of moving objects
(5) Hand span Apple falling from a tree.

Answer:
(1) Metre – S.I. Unit of length
(2) Motion – State of moving objects
(3) Circular Motion – Motionof tip of ceiling fan blade
(4) Linear Motion – Apple falling from a tree
(5) Hand span – An ancient unit of measuring length.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the S.I. unit of length.
Answer:
S.I. unit of length is metre.

 

Question 2.
State the unit of distance used in each of the following cases :
(i) The height of a person
(ii) The height of mountain peak
(iii) The distance between Mumbai and Delhi.
Answer:
(i) Centimetre,
(ii) Metre,
(iii) Kilometre.

Question 3.
What type of motion does the wheel of a bicycle perform ?
Answer:
The wheel of moving bicycle performs simultaneously circular motion and linear motion.

Question 4.
Can we measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale ?
Answer:
No, we cannot measure the length of a curved line directly with a metre scale.

Question 5.
What type of measuring device would you use to measure the girth of a tree ?
Answer:
We can make use of either a measuring tape or a thread and metre scale to measure girth of a tree.

Question 6.
What type of motion does striker of a carrom game execute when it moves ?
Answer:
Striker in the game of carroms moves in a straight line and therefore, its motion is linear motion.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Why is it necessary to have standard units of measurement ?
Answer:
Measurement means comparing a given quantity with another known quantity of the same kind. For the same measurement, a variety of objects can be used. But when you tell others about the measurement made by you, they will not be able to understand how much the actual measurement is. Thus to make others understand for the sake of uniformity, there is a necessity of having standard units of measurement.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Motion and Measurement of Distances

Question 2.
Name two types of motions of the Earth.
Answer:
The earth has two types of motion :

  1. Motion of the earth around the Sun. It repeats after a fixed interval of time. So, it is called periodic motion.
  2. Motion of the earth around its axis. This motion is both periodic and circular motion as it is repeated after a same interval of time and it is along an orbit.

Question 3.
Write precautions needed while using a metre scale.
Answer:
Precautions to be taken while using a metre scale are :

  • The eye position should be correct.
  • The scale should be placed properly parallel to the length.
  • The scale must not have broken end. In case of broken end, any other complete mark must be taken as the initial reading coinciding with the first end.

Question 4.
The height of a person is 1.65 m. Express it into cm and mm.
Answer:
1.65 m = 1.65 × 100 = 165 cm [∵ 1 m = 100 cm]
1.65 m = 1.65 × 1000 — 1650 mm. [∵ 1 m = 1000 mm]

Question 5.
While measuring the length of a knitting needle, the reading of the scale at one end is 3.0 cm and at the other end is 33.1 cm. What is the length of the needle ?
Answer:
The length of the needle is = (33.1 – 3) cm = 30.1 cm.

Question 6.
What were different units used for measurement of length in ancient times ?
Answer:
Units for measurement in ancient times were:

  1. length of a foot.
  2. the width of fingers.
  3. distance of a step.
  4. cubit.
  5. yard etc.

Question 7.
Give two examples each, of modes of transport used on land, water and air.
Answer:
Modes of transport.

  1. On land are Bus, Car.
  2. On Water. Motorized boats and ships are used as means of transport on water.
  3. In Air. Aeroplanes and helicopters are used as means of transport in air.

Question 8.
Classify the motion of the following objects into linear motion, circular motion and Periodic motion:
Motion of child on swing, motion of a plough, motion of the needle of a sewing machine, motion of a deer, motion of earth, motion of an electric fan.
Answer:
Linear motion. Motion of a deer, motion of a plough.
Circular motion. Motion of the earth, motion of an electric fan.
Periodic motion. Motion of child on the swing, motion of the needle of a sewing machine.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Which things were being used for measurement in ancient times ?
Answer:
In ancient times length of the foot, the width of finger and distance of a step, were used for measurement.

During the Harappa civilization, some exact unit of length must have been chosen as proved by geometrical structures procured during excavation.

The length from one end of the finger to elbow, called cubit was also used as a unit of measure in ancient Egypt. It was also accepted in some other parts of the world.

In a different parts of the world, ‘foot’ was also taken as a unit of measurement of length. Different areas have a different measures of the foot.

People used to measure a yard of cloth with an open arm upto the chin. Romans measured length with their steps.

In ancient India, small measures of lengths were taken by the width of fingers or fists. These days also in some cities of India, flower sellers can be seen measuring the length of flower garlands with their arms. For convenience sake, different parts of the body have been used for measurement.

Because every person has a different measure of body parts so problems occurred during measurement. In 1970, French people invented a measurement scale known as ‘Metric System.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Microsoft Word (Part-III) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
After selecting the picture tab appears.
(a) Format
(b) Page Layout
(c) insert
(d) View.
Answer:
(a) Format

Question 2.
For text wrapping, we can use option.
(a) Square
(b) Tight
(c) Behind Text
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 3.
To remove any unwanted parts of picture, option s used.
(a) Crop
(b) Rotate
(c) Group
(d) Compress.
Answer:
(a) Crop

Question 4.
Which of the following option is not available in the Adjust group of Format tab?
(a) Corrections
(6) Artistic Effects
(c) Remove Background
(d) Picture Styles.
Answer:
(d) Picture Styles.

Question 5.
We can find the number of words in the bar at the bottom of the window.
(a) Task Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Title Bar
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(b) Status Bar

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which option splits the text into two or more Columns?
Answer:
The Columns option from the Page Setup group in the format tab divides the text into two or more sections.

Question 2.
Which page orientation sets the page in horizontal direction?
Answer:
Landscape Orientation.

Question 3.
Which option is used to group two or more images together so that they can be treated as a single object?
Answer:
Two or more images can be grouped together as one object using the Group command from the Arrange group in the Layout tab.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Which option can be used to change the colors of the picture in MS Word?
Answer:
From the Picture Format tab, the color of the picture can be changed with the Color option from the Adjust group.

Question 5.
Which option is used to count words in MS Word?
Answer:
Words can be counted using the Word Count option from the Proofing group in the Review tab or the Word Count Dialog box from the Status bar.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Margins?
Answer:
A margin is the space between the text and the edge of the page. By default, a new document’s margins are set to Normal, which means it has a one-inch space between the text and each edge. Depending on your needs, Word allows you to change your document’s margin size.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
What do you mean by Compress Picture?
Answer:
With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image.

Question 3.
Write about Reset Picture.
Answer:
If you want to remove all formatting changes to a picture in the document, “Reset Picture’ command will be used. This button is used to undo all formatting changes made to the picture and restore it to its original format.

  • Select the picture.
  • in the Format tab, click on the Reset picture option from the Adjust group.

Question 4.
What is Crop option?
Answer:
Crop button is used to delete the unwanted part of an image. When you crop an image, an unselected part of the picture is removed. Steps to crop the image are as follows:

  • Select the image you want to crop. The Format tab appears.
  • On the Format tab, click the Crop command.
  • Black handles will appear around the image. Click, hold and drag a handle to crop the image.
  • Click the Crop command again. The image will be cropped.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Give the name of two page orientation in MS Word.
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

Question 6.
Write the name of various options available in the adjust group of Picture Tools Format tab.
Answer:
Correction, Picture Color, Artistic Effect, Compress Picture, Change Picture, Reset Picture, Remove Background.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Watermark? Write steps to add watermark in a word document.
Answer:
Watermark: it is just like a stamp. it is used for confidential documents. A watermark is an image that appears blurred behind the text on a page. The steps to add a watermark to the document are given ahead:

  • Open the document to which you want to include the water-mark.
  • Click the Page Layout tab and then click the “Watermark” button to display a list of standard watermark options.
  • You can select any available standard watermark by clicking on it. This will apply to all pages of the document.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps to run a Spelling and Grammar Check.
Answer:
To do Spelling and Grammar check, steps are as follows:

  • From the Review tab, click the Spelling & Grammar command.
  • The Spelling and Grammar dialog box will appear.
  • This dialog box offer one or more suggestions for spellings and grammatical errors.
  • You can select a suggestion and click “Change” to correct the error.

Question 3.
Explain the steps to Print a Document.
Answer:
Once you’ve created your document, you may want to print it to view and share your work offline. it’s easy to preview and print a document in Word using the Print option.

  • On the File tab or Office button, click Print command.
  • A print dialog box will appear.
  • In the “Name” drop-down list select the name of you printer.
  • In the “Copies” box, enter the number of copies you want.
  • In “Page Range” option select “All” option if you want to print all pages of your document.
  • If you want particular page to print then click “Pages” radio button and type page number in the box.
  • Now click “Print” option. Your document will be print.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Microsoft Word (Part-III) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The text of the paragraph is selected by pressing the arrow keys and the ………….. key together.
(a) Special
(b) Shift
(c) Number
(d) Function.
Answer:
(b) Shift

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
The default line spacing is …………… point.
(a) Single
(b) Double
(c) Triple
(d) Four.
Answer:
(a) Single

Question 3.
The fill color option is used to color in ………………… .
(a) Text
(b) Line
(c) Shape
(d) Word.
Answer:
(c) Shape

Question 4.
For border and shading …………… menu is used.
(a) File
(b) Edit
(c) Format
(d) Home.
Answer:
(c) Format

Question 5.
Auto Shapes are submitted from the …………….. tool bar.
(a) Shapes
(b) Home
(c) Word
(d) Drawing.
Answer:
(d) Drawing.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

2. True/False

1. The left mouse button is clicked three times to select the entire paragraph.
Answer:
True.

2. By default paragraph text is right aligned.
Answer:
False

3. indentation command is used for shading.
Answer:
False

4. To fill ClipArt, Click insert Picture then click ClipArt command.
Answer:
True.

5. Arial and Times New Roman are the names of the fonts.
Answer:
True.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

3. Match the Columns

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (a) For double line spacing
2. Ctrl + E (b) For bold the text
3. Ctrl+ 2 (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify
4. Font style (d) For Center Alignment
5. Alignment (e) Bold, Italic, Underline

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Ctrl + B (b) For bold the text
2. Ctrl + E (d) For Center Alignment
3. Ctrl+ 2 (a) For double line spacing
4. Font style (e) Bold, Italic, Underline
5. Alignment (c) For Left, Right, Center, Justify

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Picture Border?
Answer:
Picture border means the line around a picture.

Question 2.
What is picture position?
Answer:
Picture position means where the picture is located into the document.

Question 3.
What are the various options available in page layout tab?
Answer:
The Page Layout tab has more than one Page layout and Formatting options. This affects the look of a page’s content. Depending on how we want to present our document, we can choose Page Orientation, Paper Segment and Page Margin commands.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write steps for formatting page margins.
Answer:

  • Click on the Page layout tab.
  • Click on the Margins command from page setup group. A drop-down menu will appear. By default “Normal” margin will be selected.
  • Click on the Predefined margin as you want.

Question 5.
Describe the steps for using custom margin.
Answer:

  • Click on Margin command from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear. From this menu click “custom margin” option.
  • A Page Setup dialog box will appear.
  • Adjust the margin size for each side of the page, and click Ok.

Question 6.
What is Orientation?
Answer:
To change the position of a document from a portrait to a landscape, click this button. To change the position of the page, steps are as follows:

  • Select the Page Layout tab.
  • in the Page Setup group, click on the “Orientation” command.
  • Click “Portrait” or “Landscape” to change the position of the page. Landscape format means the page is horizontal, while portrait format means it is vertical.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
What are the steps to change the paper size?
Answer:

  • Select Page Layout.
  • Click on the Page-Size command and a drop-down menu will appear. The current page size will be highlighted.
  • Click on the Size option as per your requirement. The page size of the document will change.

Question 8.
What does the column option do?
Answer:
This option splits the written text into two or more columns.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are corrections? How are they used?
Answer:
Adjust Group:
You do not need to use additional picture editing software to create high quality images for your document. Instead, you can use Adjust tools to correct and improve your photos.
1. Select photo.
2. In the Format tab, click on the Correction option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will now open. From this menu, select 3. Sharpen/Soften and Brightness/ Contrast settings according to your needs.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 1
To make these settings more detailed, go to Picture Format>> Corrections>> “Picture Corrections Options” option. The Format Picture sidebar appears. This allows you to provide special settings for Sharpness, Brightness and Contrast.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 2.
Write the steps for using the color option.
Answer:
Picture Color:
Microsoft Word allows you to control the color and tone of your picture and you can repaint the whole picture for special effects.
Steps to change the picture color are as follows:
(a) Select picture.

(b) In the Format tab, click on the Color option from the Adjust group. A drop-down menu will open.

(c) In this menu there are 3 options:

  • Color Saturation: This controls how bright the colors are in the image.
  • Color Tone: This controls the temperature of the color, from cool to warm.
  • Recolor ; This controls the overall color of the image. Use this option to make the image black and white or gray scale, or to colorize it with a different color.

(d) Choose any of the options as per your need.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 2

Question 3.
Write the steps for compressing a picture.
Answer:
Compress Picture: With this button the image can be compressed. To reduce the size of documents, pictures can be reduced in storage size. You can change the resolution of an image or delete a cropped part of an image. The steps to compress a picture are given below:

  • Select the picture.
  • In the Format tab, click on the Compress picture option from the Adjust group.
  • Now a Compression Settings dialog box will open.
    PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 3
  • If you want to print the picture, click on the Print (220 ppi) option.
  • If you want to reduce the size of the file to e-mail, click on the E-mail (96 ppi) option.
  • If you want to upload the file to a web page or projector, click on Project Options.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 4.
Write the steps to remove the background of the picture.
Answer:
Remove Background:
This option is used to automatically remove unwanted parts of an image. Areas to remove or keep can be marked in the picture. Following are the steps to remove the background of a photo:

(a) Select the image from which you want to remove the background.

(b) Click the “Remove Background” option from the Adjust group in the Format tab.

(c)Now the default background area will be marked with magenta color, while the foreground will remain its natural color.
(d)If the default area isn’t correct, go to Background Removal > Picture Tools and do one or both of the following:

  • If parts of the picture that you want to keep are magenta, select
  • “Mark Areas to Keep” option and use the drawing pencil to mark the areas on the picture that you want to keep.
  • To remove more parts of the picture, select Mark Areas to
  • Remove option and use the drawing pencil to mark those areas

When you’re done, select “Keep Changes” or “Discard All Changes”.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 4

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 5.
Write down the steps to apply a picture style.
Answer:
Picture Style Group:
Picture Styles Gallery offers many preset styles that make it easy for you to add borders and special effects with one click.
1. Picture Style Gallery:
This field provides a list of different formats that can be applied to an image. To see what each style will do, just move the mouse pointer over each style. To apply the style on a picture steps are as follows:
(a) Select the photo whose style you want to change.
(b) On the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click any style you like.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 5

2. Picture Border:
Use this command to change the color, width, or line style of the border of the image. Steps to add border as follows:

  • Select the image to which you want to add a border.
  • On the Picture Format tab, in the Picture Styles gallery, select Picture Border command. A drop-down menu will appear.
  • From this menu select color for border line.
  • Select weight (thickness) of boarder line.
  • Select whether the line of the border is dashed.

3. Picture Effects:
Click this button to add visual effects to the picture such as shadows, 3-D effects, and glows. Steps to add an effect to a picture are as follows:

  • Select the picture for which you want to add or change an effect.
  • Under the Format tab, in the Picture Styles group, click Picture Effects command.
  • A drop-down list will appear. From this menu select appropriate effect for image.

Question 6.
Write the steps of wrapping text.
Answer:
Text Wrapping:
This feature is used to apply wrapping to an image. When wrapping is applied, text can be typed around the image. Make it easy to move images from one place to another in a document. To apply the text wrapping on the image follow these steps:
(a) Select the image which you want to apply wrapping.
(b) From the Picture Tools tab, in the Arrange group, click on the “Text Wrapping” option.
Do one of the following:

  • Click “Square” command to type the text around the border of your picture.
  • Click ‘Tight” command to type text around a clip art image or an irregularly shaped image.
  • Click “Behind Text” command to display the text on the image.
  • Click “In Front of Text” command to display the image on the text.
  • Click “Top and Bottom” command to place the image on your line.
  • Click “More Layout Options” command for more layout Options.

From this dialog box, specify the distance between the text and the image.
PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III) 6

PSEB 7th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 Microsoft Word (Part-III)

Question 7.
Write the steps for adding background color or texture.
Answer:
Page Color:
With the help of this option we can apply different colors, textures and pictures to the background of the page in our document. Steps to add background color or texture are as follows:

  • Click on “Page color” command in the Page Background group from the Page Layout tab.
  • A drop-down menu will appear.
  • Choose one of the following options from this drop-down menu:
  • To apply the background color click any color from “Theme Colors or Standard Colors”.
  • To apply the texture, Gradient, pattern and pictures into the background, click “Fill Effects” option.
  • A Fill Effect dialog Box will appear. Select appropriate design for you background.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Science Guide for Class 6 PSEB Garbage Management and Disposal Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 164)

Question 1.
Vegetable peels are ………………… waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Question 2.
Glass is a ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Non-Biodegradable.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Question 3.
Plant leaves are ………………. waste. (Biodegradable/Non-Biodegradable)
Answer:
Biodegradable.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 165)

Question 1.
Compost is rich in nutrients. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
We can use non-Biodegradable waste in composting. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Vermicomposting is done by ……………..
Answer:
Earthworms.

Question 4.
Kitchen waste (biodegradable waste) is used in Vermicomposting. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 167)

Question 1.
We can also recycle glass and metals to useful product. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

PSEB 6th Class Science Guide Garbage Management and Disposal Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(a) Solid waste is commonly called ………….. .
Answer:
garbage

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

(b) Plastic is a ……………….. material.
Answer:
non-biodegradable

(c) Composting done by earthworms is called ………………
Answer:
vermicomposting

(d) …………… dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
Blue

2. Write True or False:

(a) Green dustbin is used for collecting non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:
False

(b) Biomedical wastes are hazardous and infectious.
Answer:
True

(c) A large, low lying area used to dispose off garbage is known as a dump.
Answer:
True

(d) Landfill site is ideal for making parks and playgrounds.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column A with Column B:

Column A Column B
1. Biomedical waste (a) fly ash
2. Industrial waste (b) medicines and syringes
3. Domestic waste (c) Paddy husk
4. Agricultural waste (d) vegetable peels

Answer:

Column A Column B
1. Biomedical waste (b) medicines and syringes
2. Industrial waste (a) fly ash
3. Domestic waste (d) vegetable peels
4. Agricultural waste (c) Paddy husk

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Hospital waste is generally:
(a) Recycled
(b) Incinerated
(c) Dumped in landfill
(d) Composted.
Answer:
(b) Incinerated

Question (ii)
The earthworms used for composting are called:
(a) Redworms
(b) Blueworms
(c) Greenworms
(d) Whiteworms.
Answer:
(a) Redworms

Question (iii)
……………. is a non-biodegradable waste.
(a) Plastic
(b) paper
(c) Vegetable
(d) Animal dung.
Answer:
(a) Plastic

Question (iv)
We can recycle ……………. .
(a) Glass
(b) Metals
(c) Plastic
(d) All.
Answer:
(d) All.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is meant by dump ?
Answer:
The low lying areas used for disposing off garbage are called dumps.

Question (ii)
What type of garbage is collected in blue dustbin and green dustbin ?
Answer:
Blue dustbins are used for collecting non-biodegradable wastes like polythene bags, plastics, glass, etc.
Green dustbins are used for collecting biodegradable wastes like sewage waste, news papers, etc.

Question (iii)
What is meant by recycling ?
Answer:
The process of changing the waste and non-useable materials into useful material is called recycling.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Distinguish between biodegradable and non-biodegradable waste.
Answer:

Biodegradable Non-biodegradable waste
(1) Waste materials that can be decomposed by micro-organisms. (1) The waste materials that cannot be decomposed easily.
(2) For example-Sewage waste, vegetable peels, etc. (2) For example-Plastics, glass, chemicals, construction site wastes, etc.
(3) Such wastes are not harmful to environment. (3) Such wastes are harmful to environment.

Question (ii)
What is vermicomposting ? How is it done ?
Answer:
The method used to prepare compost with the help of earthworms is called vermicomposting. The redworms eat the waste material using their gizzards along with soil and convert it into compost.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Explain how plastic is a boon.
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Useful aspects. Everything found around us is made of plastic – shoes, toys, buckets, tubes, pens, bags etc. Even electronic things have plastic components. Life seems to come to an end when we consider to abolish plastic. It is used for making things because it is tough, hard, shiny, durable and above all inexpensive.
From the different uses we can consider that plastic is a boon.

Question (ii)
List various methods of garbage disposal. Explain any one.
Answer:
There are three methods for disposal of garbage. These are :
(1) Composting
(2) Landfill
(3) Incineration
Landfilling. This is a commonly used method for disposing the waste.

Method : Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.
Group I : Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II : Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into . separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question (iii)
Explain the 4R’s.
Answer:
4R’s are used for waste management. These are (1) Reuse, (2) Reduce (3) Recycle and (4) Refuse.

(1) Reuse. It means to use an item again instead of throwing it away. We can reuse things after separating. For example fans and mobiles can be reused.

(2) Reduce. Reducing the amount of waste we produce is the best way to protect our environment. We can use glass and metal utensils instead of disposable utensils.

(3) Recycle. Conversion of waste material into usable form is called recycling of the waste. We can recycle old news papers into cardboard. Similarly plastic, glass, metals can be recycled.

(4) Refuse. Refuse the plastic and polythene bags. Disposable plastic pollutes our environment. For example using a reusable metal water bottle instead of disposable water bottle.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Science Garbage Management and Disposal Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

Question (i)
Name the material which can be recycled ?
(a) paper
(b) old clothes
(c) toys
(d) all.
Answer:
(d) all

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Question (ii)
Domestic waste constitutes :
(a) bandages
(b) kitchen waste
(c) syringes
(d) none.
Answer:
(b) kitchen waste

Question (iii)
The following item is not one of the waste material:
(a) broken glass
(b) a new bottle
(c) wrappers
(d) broken toy.
Answer:
(b) a new bottle

Question (iv)
Some animals die when they swallow
(a) fruit peels
(b) pieces of clothes
(c) plastic bags
(d) food.
Answer:
(c) plastic bags

Question (v)
Red worms survive at:
(a) high temperature
(b) low temperature
(c) average temperature
(d) none.
Answer:
(c) average temperature

Fill in the Blanks:

(a) All the wrapping materials go out as ………………..
Answer:
garbage

(b) Garbage has both ……………….. and non-useful components.
Answer:
useful

(c) Burning of …………….. produces smoke and ……………… gases which affect the health.
Answer:
agricultural waste, harmful

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

(d) ……………. , ……………………. and ……………. do not rot in the garbage heaps.
Answer:
Iron, glass, plastic

(e) The rotting and conversion of some materials into ……………… is called composting.
Answer:
manure

(f) The food of red worms is ……………….. and ……………….. waste.
Answer:
fruit, vegetables

(g) Red worms have structures like …………….. which help in grinding the food.
Answer:
gizzards

(h) Paper-mache is a paste made of clay and ……………. .
Answer:
paper

(i) Same kind of plastic can be …………… .
Answer:
recycled

(j) The plastic bags are cause of ………………… of drains and sewer system.
Answer:
choking

(k) We should not use ……………. to store eatables.
Answer:
plastic bags

(l) We should never bum ……………… and plastic ………………. .
Answer:
plastic bags, items

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Write (T) against true and (F) against false statements:

(a) Garbage is always non-useful.
Answer:
False

(b) Composting of waste material can be done only by red worms.
Answer:
False

(c) Every type of plastic can be recycled.
Answer:
False

(d) We are irresponsible as we do not take proper care of the wastage.
Answer:
True

(e) The plastic bags are cause of death of animals.
Answer:
True

(f) Burning of leaves is done to reduce garbage.
Answer:
True

(g) Vermicomposting is a process to reduce useful garbage into useful components.
Answer:
True

(h) Red worms can survive any conditions of the weather.
Answer:
False

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

(i) Landfill is a low lying area.
Answer:
True

(j) Bum the garbage that do not rot.
Answer:
False

Match the column A with column B:

Column A Column B
(1) Composting 3 categories
(2) Landfill sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(3) Domestic wastes area where garbage dumped
(4) Sewage waste converting waste into manure.

Answer:
(1) Composting – converting waste into manure
(2) Landfill – area where garbage dumped
(3) Domestic wastes – sewage, kitchen waste, garbage
(4) Sewage waste – 3 categories.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is land fill ?
Answer:
Land fill is a low lying open area to dump the waste.

Question 2.
What is garbage ?
Answer:
Garbage: All the waste material from houses, markets, school, offices etc. constitute
garbage.

Question 3.
Name different components of garbage.
Answer:
Useful and non-useful components.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Question 4.
Which part of red worms help in grinding the food ?
Answer:
Gizzard helps in grinding the food.

Question 5.
Used paper can be remade and is used for other purposes. What is this process known as ?
Answer:
Recycling.

Question 6.
What is colour of garbage after rotting ?
Answer:
Black.

Question 7.
Can salt, pickets be given to red worms ? Why ?
Answer:
No, These materials produce disease causing organisms.

Question 8.
Which coloured bin is used for collecting kitchen waste or degradable waste ?
Answer:
Green.

Question 9.
Blue coloured bin is used for which type of substances ?
Answer:
Recycling material.

Question 10.
What is compost ?
Answer:
Compost. Dead leaves and other plant material are broken down in the soil into nutrients for plants to use is known as compost.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Question 11.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ?
Answer:
Vermicomposting. It is the method of making compost from kitchen garbage using red worms is called vermicomposting.

Question 12.
Write the types of garbage.
Answer:
Garbage consist of two type of components :

  1. Useful components.
  2. Non-useful components.

Question 13.
How non-useful components of waste or garbage are dumped ?
Answer:
The non-useful component is separated from garbage. It is then spread over the landfill and then covered with a layer of soil. Once the landfill is completely full, it is usually converted into park or play ground.

Question 14.
What is composting ?
Answer:
Composting. The rotting and conversion of some garbage into manure is called composting.

Question 15.
Why it is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups ?
Answer:
It is necessary for us to separate waste into two groups because waste contains two type of components. One are useful and recycled and other are non useful and can not be recycled like polythene bags.

Question 16.
Can polythene bags be recycled ?
Answer:
No, polythene bags cannot be recycled.

Question 17.
Name the material which can be recycled.
Answer:
Paper can be recycled.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is recycling ?
Answer:
Recycling is making of useful substance from the used materials i.e., rotten paper can be recycled to get fresh paper for use.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Question 2.
Write a short note on Red worms.
Answer:
Red worms. Red worms are small organisms which can convert useful component of garbage into manure. These can survive under normal conditions and get doubled in one month. They feed on vegetable and fruit waste only. Milk products, salt, lemon pickles are harmful to them. Red worms have structures called gizzard for grinding the food material.

Question 3.
How can we minimize the use of plastics ?
Answer:
Steps to minimize the use of plastics

  1. Use paper bags instead of plastic bags.
  2. Use jute or cloth bag while shopping.
  3. Never bum plastic bags and plastic item.
  4. Use washable utensils instead of plastic ones.

Question 4.
How does garbage spoil the landscape ?
Answer:
Spoilage of landscape. Improper management of solid waste leads to spoilage of landscape. Solid waste left untreated is unhygienic. It destroys the surrounding greenery. The texture of soil becomes toxic and rats, house flies, mosquitoes and bacteria make their homes in this waste heap. Thus, destroying the beauty and usefulness of that area.

Question 5.
How is a landfill used for composting ?
Answer:
Following steps are taken for composting the waste in a landfill –

  1. Deposit the garbage in a landfill.
  2. Compress it with bulldozers.
  3. Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep soil after every deposit of garbage.
  4. Finally cover properly the top layer with 2 inches of soil.

Question 6.
Why burning of agricultural waste is not safe ?
Answer:
Burning of dried leaves, husk and agricultural waste produces smoke and harmful gases which have an adverse affect on the health.

Question 7.
What is role of municipality to separate the garbage ?
Answer:
Role of municipality to separate the garbage. In some town and cities, municipality provides separate dustbin for collecting different kinds of garbage. Blue coloured bin is for materials which can be recycled and green coloured bin is for kitchen waste, or the waste which can easily rot or decompose, when get buried in the soil.

Question 8.
Is it possible for all of this garbage to be changed into compost ? How ?
Answer:
No, it is not possible to change all of this garbage into compost because it contains two kind of components- (i) useful (ii) non-useful.

(i) Useful Components : The components from kitchen waste like fruits, vegetable peels, eggs shells, waste food can be changed to manure. Waste papers can be recycled.

(ii) Non Useful Components : The components like piece of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, aluminium wrappers and broken toys cannot be changed to manure or compost.
Hence all type of garbage cannot be changed into compost.

Question 9.
How does a landfill basically works ?
Answer:
The basic working of a landfill involves the following three steps:

  • Deposit the refuse.
  • Compact it with buldozers.
  • Cover the garbage with at least 6 inches deep of soil after each day operation and with a final cover of 2 feet when the area is full.

PSEB 6th Class Science Solutions Chapter 16 Garbage Management and Disposal

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How can we reduce garbage and deal with it ?
Answer:
Steps taken to reduce and deal with garbage are:

  1. Reuse plastic items and bags whenever it is needed.
  2. Use vermicomposting at home.
  3. Recycle paper.
  4.  Donot throw plastic bags here and there after use.
  5. Make full use of your note books. Use slates for rough work.
  6. Make people aware of proper practices for disposing different kinds of waste.

Question 2.
Discuss whether plastic is a boon or a curse ?
Answer:
Plastic is a latest addition to our development. It is prepared chemically. It has become part of our life. It has both aspects – useful and harmful.

Useful aspects. Everything found around us is made of plastic – shoes, toys, buckets, tubes, pens, bags etc. Even electronic things have plastic components. Life seems to come to an end when we consider to abolish plastic. It is used for making things because it is tough, hard, shiny, durable and above all inexpensive.

Harmful aspects. It is difficult to dispose plastic as it bums with a foul smell and lots of smoke containing harmful gases.

Plastic do not rot even under undesirable conditions. Instead it create havoc in daily routine. Such as plastic bags when swallowed by animal are cause of their death as they choke their alimentary canal. These bags choke the drains and sewage thus causing a great problem. Some times food becomes poisonous when stored in plastic bags. Plastic things become shapeless when kept near fire.
So from above point of view plastic is a boon as well as a curse.

Question 3.
What do you know about waste ? Classify them according to their nature.
Answer:
Waste : The materials discarded by human beings in their day to day activities are considered as domestic waste.
Domestic waste may be classified into the following types :

  1. Food Waste : The animal, fruit or vegetable residue (also called garbage) resulting from the handling, preparation, cooking and eating of food.
  2. Ashes : Residue left over from the burning of wood, coal, coke etc. or from partially burnt materials.
  3. Rubbish : Waste material like cardboard, plastics, rubbers, wood, furniture, glass, broken utensils etc.
  4. Human excreta : Waste product excreted from the body is termed excreta.
  5. Plastic bag : Used plastic bags made of synthetic material are often thrown away.

Question 4.
What do you mean by dumping ? Explain improved form of open dumping method (Land filling).
Answer:
Waste dumping is a method of controlled final disposal at landfill sites which must be done by using state-of-the art method.
The improved form of open dumping is termed as land-filling.

Method: Collect the garbage from house and separate it into two groups before it is thrown into the dustbin.

Group I: Garbage from the kitchen like fruits and vegetable peels, egg shells, tea leaves etc.

Group II: Pieces of cloth, polythene bags, broken glass, old shoes, aluminium wrappers etc. Make separate heaps of this garbage and labelled as A, B, C and D. Put these into separate plastic bags. Tie the mouth of these bags tightly. Put the four heaps in separate pits and cover them with the soil. This way of dumping is done in open land. The dumped content, with time changes to garbage.

Question 5.
What do you mean by vermicomposting ? How can we prepare manure by vermicomposting ? Explain with activity.
Answer:
The method of preparing compost from kitchen wastes with the help of red worms is called vermicomposting.

Method to prepare manure by vermicomposting (Activity): Take a wooden box and place it where there is neither too hot nor too cold. Spread a net at the bottom or spread sand as an alternative. Also, spread some vegetable waste along with it. Dried animal dung could also be used as a spread over-sand. Sprinkle some water to make this layer wet. The pit is ready for composting. Now put some red worms on the pit. Cover them loosely with a gunny bag. To feed red worms vegetable waste, coffee, tea leaves can be used.

Question 6.
How do red worms make vermicompost?
Answer:
Redworms do not have teeth. They have a structure called ‘gizzard’ which helps them in grinding their food. Eggshells could be mixed with the wastes. They help redworms in grinding their food. Red worms need moisture around them. With all this, the number will be doubled. After 3-4 weeks, we will see loose soil-like material in the pit called vermicompost.