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PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Solutions Chapter 6 Sports and Discipline

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Chapter 6 Sports and Discipline Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Physical Education Chapter 6 Sports and Discipline

Physical Education Guide for Class 8 PSEB Sports and Discipline Textbook Questions and Answers

Question 1.
What is the relation between Sports and Discipline?
Answer:
Sports have a very deep relation with discipline because one cannot achieve victory without discipline in sports. Sports causes development in the behaviour of player/sportsperson. Discipline plays an important role in building up the character of a player and without discipline, a good character cannot be developed. Lack of discipline causes several problems in the life of a player which further gets tough for the player to overcome.

No example can be better than that of the ‘Nature’, everything is disciplined as far as the functioning of Nature is concerned. For example; the sunrise and sunset always occur timely and with strict discipline; earth revolves around the sun with a fixed speed and time, likewise, there must be a proper and strict discipline in the life of an individual as well.

If an individual wants to become a successful player, he/she should practice discipline right from childhood because discipline can be developed aptly in one’s childhood. Sports teach discipline to the player in a way because sports demand obedience, co-operation, honesty, peace of mind and responsibility, which in turn brings discipline in the life of a player. It can be concluded that discipline is the key to success, and discipline can be easily achieved through sports.

Question 2.
What is the meaning of Discipline?
Answer:
Meaning of Discipline. Discipline means to follow the rules strictly or everybody should perform all his duties. Every citizen should remain in discipline. “Discipline makes a nation great” is a well-known saying. If every citizen is disciplined, the nation can make rapid progress. By abiding all rules and regulations, a citizen can make his contribution to his society or country.

Question 3.
What are the types of discipline?
Answer:
Types of Discipline.
Discipline is of two types:

1. Self Discipline
2. Forced Discipline or Commanded Discipline.

1. Self Discipline:
The feeling of abiding by the rules comes from his own and perform his duties without any external command. This is permanent discipline.

2. Forced Discipline.
In forced discipline the rules and regulations are followed by command or the directions of someone. This type of discipline is temporary. Forced discipline will remain only upto that time when you have a fear of someone or a person who commands on your head. Out of these, self discipline is better. Children must have the feeling to be self-disciplined, so that they may become good students or good citizens.

Question 4.
What is the need and importance of discipline?
Answer:
Importance of Discipline in our life. Discipline is a milestone of our society. Without discipline man can’t move in society. If every citizen is disciplined the nation can make rapid progress. By abiding the rules, a good citizen can make his contribution to his society or country. Discipline is the base of every caste, creed, society and country. In every sphere of life, Discipline is needed. Importance of Discipline is known by the following facts:

Discipline makes a good student an ideal citizen.
Disciplined boys learn to respect their teachers, parents and elders.
Through Discipline children become obedient.
Disciplined children behave nicely with others.
Disciplined boys become punctual.
Discipline develops the personality of a person.
Discipline develops good habits and good qualities in a person.
Discipline helps to reform social life.
Discipline makes the society and the nation more strong.
Discipline makes a nation strong and keeps it strong.
Discipline helps the society and country for its progress and happy life of their citizens.
Discipline helps a person to lead a successful and happy life.
Discipline also protects the country from foreign invaders.
Discipline helps to run school, house and other organisations smoothly.
Discipline helps a person for his harmonious development of his personality.
Disciplined labour can increase the production of their factory.
Discipline assists a person for his mental development because a person performs his duties after proper thinking and according to rules.

One should remain in discipline to lead a successful life. Home, School, Play fields are such places where a person gets an opportunity to remain in discipline.

Question 5.
How do the sports create discipline in Hie life of the students?
Answer:
Sport and discipline are integral part of each other. Victory can not be achieved without discipline. Sports build the character of the players. Discipline plays an important role in character. building. Character building is impossible without discipline because indiscipline creates many problems in the life of a player. It becomes difficult for a player to overcome these problems. The nature works in discipline. The sun rises in the east in the morning and sets in the west in the evening.

The earth moves in an order. Similary discipline is very important in the life of a human being. We can teach discipline in better way to the children. Sports create discipline in the innocent mind of the children. Sports teaches them to be disciplined because sports teaches punctuality, coordination, leadership, honesty, and sense of responsibility to fulfil their duties. Discipline is the key to success because it creates opportunity to succeed.

PSEB 8th Class Physical Education Guide Sports and Discipline Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
Types of discipline :
(A) Two
(B) Three
(C) Four
(D) Five.
Answers:
(A) Two

Question 2.
Importance of discipline:
(A) Children become obedience.
(B) Disciplined boys behave good with others.
(C) Discipline causes to do the work on time.
(D) Above all.
Answers:
(D) Above all.

Question 3.
Sports and discipline are related:
(A) There is discipline in sports.
(B) Discipline develops character in sports man.
(C) Without discipline character cannot be developed.
(D) Above all.
Answers:
(D) Above all.

Question 4.
These qualities belongs to:
(A) Punctuality
(B) Obedience
(C) Tolerance
(D) All above in discipline.
Answers:
(D) All above in discipline.

Question 5.
Why indiscipline is harmful for the country?
(A) Country cannot remain happy.
(B) Country cannot progress.
(C) Country will depend on other countries.
(D) All Above.
Answers:
(D) All Above.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you mean by obeying the rules or remain in control?
Answer:
Discipline.

Question 2.
On which thing the ancient institution used to stress mostly?
Answer:
To be disciplined.

Question 3.
How students behave these days in their institutions?
Answer:
Indiscipline.

Question 4.
How is the nation built and how it remains stable?
Answer:
Through discipline.

Question 5.
What type of education discipline provides to the children?
Answer:
Obedience.

Question 6.
Discipline develops the personality. How?
Answer:
Mental development.

Question 7.
How the quality of discipline is improved?
Answer:
Games and sports.

Question 8.
Whose important place is there to instil discipline in students.
Answer:
The important place to instil discipline in student is teacher.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Children learn discipline at Home. How?
Answer:
Home is the first school of Discipline for children. Parents, grandmother, grandfather; uncle and aunty, brothers and sisters live together in a house. The elder person in family leads it in all activities. All other follow him according to the sweet will of his elders. Everyone love each others and respect to the elders. Everybody share their happy and sorrows. They had very congenial and wholesome atmosphere of his family. All the members of the family perform their duties. In such congenial atmosphere children remain in discipline. They start to be in discipline from his house in their childhood, small children respect elders and follow them.

Question 2.
How sports developed discipline in students.
Answer:
School and discipline. Atmosphere of the school provides training to the students for discipline. In school, students respect their teachers and obey them. They live together with their friends and co-students. Playing, and sitting together become their habits. They attend their school in time and do their home work regularly. They are afraid of theft and telling lie and help each other. These qualities become part and parcel of their character.

All the teacher obey the order of the headmaster and other workers follow him in carrying the order of the teacher, everything is performed in a disciplined way in the school. The students start learning discipline in such type of atmosphere of the school. In this way, environment of school is helpful in teaching their students about discipline.

Question 3.
Do our society and our country need discipline? Write your ideas.
Answer:
Man is a social animal. He has to depend upon others for the satisfaction of many of his needs. He cannot live alone. He cannot fulfil all his desires all alone. We have to take help from one another in some work. We can not disobey the rules of our society. To imbide the rules of our society we have to remain in discipline people can get benefits by obeying Laws in other fields of life. The society will be stable if we remain in discipline. Indiscipline is harmful for the society.

Law treats all men as equal. Therefore, it is the duty of every person to obey Law. Law are made for the welfare of the people . Our society and country are facing so many troubles from outside and within the country to safe the country from foreign invasion. Everyone should obey rules and laws in life and lead an organised and disciplined life. A country can progress only if has inhabitants leads disciplined life. For the progress of the country the whole society must be disciplined. Indiscipline is not in favour of the country. We should not go against the country. So we can say that our society and country needs Discipline.

Question 4.
Why indiscipline is harmful for the country?
Answer:
It is the duty of every citizen to obey laws and to be disciplined.

Indiscipline is harmful to our society.
For the development and progress of the country discipline is the need of the hour. Discipline has great importance for the citizen of the country to develop and for stability.
Indiscipline is very very harmful to the nation.
Students, labourers, and so many others employees, of Govt, and private institutions go on strike and destroy the national property. Such type of indiscipline is not in favour of the welfare of our country.

Everybody is aware that he can play an important role to form government because government is for the people, by the people and of the people. Laws are made by the government and the people has to obey these Laws. If the countrymen are indisciplined it causes internal disturbance, thereby causing foreign forces to attack. So a country cannot progress due to indiscipline.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 15 Light Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 15 Light

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Light Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 186)

Question 1.
The process of change in direction of light after falling on a mirror is called ……………….. of light.
Answer:
Reflection.

Question 2.
Angle of incidence is equal to angle of reflection. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 189)

Question 1.
The distance between the object and the mirror is ……………… to the distance
between the image and the mirror.
Answer:
Equal.

Question 2.
Thes plane mirror has to be placed vertically on the graph paper. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 3.
The plane mirror should be vertically upright.
Answer:
Right.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 191)

Question 1.
The image of the sun formed by the concave mirror on the wall is …………………… image.
(Real/Virtual)
Answer:
Real.

Question 2.
Is the image of a candle seen using a concave mirror same as that the image of the Sun seen on the wall ?
Answer:
In both cases the rays of light are reflected from a concave mirror to form a real image.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 192)

Question 1.
When the object is very far from the concave mirror, the image formed is ………………….
and
Answer:
Real, inverted/small in size.

Question 2.
The image formed on the screen is real.
Answer:
True. (True/False)

Question 3.
For a concave mirror, the image formed is always real.
Answer:
False.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 195) (True/False)

Question 1.
The bright spot of light obtained on the paper is the image formed due to effect.
Answer:
Converging.

Question 2.
The image obtained on the paper is the virtual image.
Answer:
False.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 196)

Question 1.
The convex lens is placed between the object and the screen. (True/False)
Answer:
True.

Question 2.
For a convex lens, the image formed is always real. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 198)

Question 1.
White light is composed of ………………. Colours. (True/False)
Answer:
Seven.

Question 2.
When disc with seven colours is rotated, it appears to be red. (True/False)
Answer:
False.

Question 3.
Name the seven colours of which the white light is made of.
Answer:
The seven colours of white light are:

Violets,
Indigo,
Blue,
Green,
Yellow,
Orange
Red.

Collectively called VIBGYOR.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Light Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) An image formed by a ………………….. mirror is always of the same size as that of object.
Answer:
plane

(ii) In a plane mirror, the left hand of a person appears to be the ………………… hand in the image and ……………. hand appears to be the left hand in the image.
Answer:
right, right

(iii) The image formed by a convex mirror is always ………………… and ……………….. in size.
Answer:
erect, smaller

(iv) Convex lenses are ………………… in the middle and concave lenses are ……………….. in the middle than at the edges.
Answer:
thin, thick

(v) A prism splits the white light into ……………….. colours.
Answer:
seven

2. State True or False:

(i) There is reflection of light through a lens.
Answer:
False

(ii) The ray of light coming towards the plane mirror is called the reflected ray.
Answer:
False

(iii) The image formed by a plane mirror is always in front of the mirror.
Answer:
False

(iv) A concave mirror is a part of hollow sphere of glass, whose outer side is coated with silver layer and reflection takes place from the inside.
Answer:
True

(v) Concave lens always forms a virtual, erect and smaller image of the object.
Answer:
True

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which of the following does not show reflection of light ?
(a) Plane mirror
(b) Concave mirror
(c) Convex mirror
(d) Card board.
Answer:
(d) Card board.

Question (ii)
Which is used for rear view in cars and other vehicles:
(a) Concave mirror
(b) Convex mirror
(c) Convex lens
(d) Concave lens.
Answer:
(b) Convex mirror.

Question (iii)
The image of an object formed by a concave lens is always ?
(a) Real and diminished
(b) Virtual and larger
(c) Real and larger
(d) Virtual and diminished.
Answer:
(d) Virtual and diminished.

Question (iv)
The process of splitting of white light in seven colours on passing through a prism is called:
(a) Reflection of light
(b) Refraction of light
(c) Bending of light
(d) Dispersion of light.
Answer:
(d) Dispersion of light.

4. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
1. Mirror used by dentists	(a) Spectacles
2. Rear view Mirror	(b) Microscope
3. Magnifying glass	(c) Vehicles
4. Concave Lens	(d) Concave

Answer:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
1. Mirror used by dentists	(d) Concave
2. Rear view Mirror	(c) Vehicles
3. Magnifying glass	(b) Microscope
4. Concave Lens	(a) Spectacles.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Is the image formed by a plane mirror real or virtual ?
Answer:
The image formed by the plane mirror is Virtual.

Question (ii)
Which lens forms a real image of an object ?
Answer:
Convex lens forms a real image of the object.

Question (iii)
Which optical instrument uses convex lens ?
Answer:
Convex lens is used in a microscope.

Question (iv)
What is the seven rainbow coloured disc called ?
Answer:
The seven-rainbow coloured disc is called Newton’s disc.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Differentiate between Real and Virtual images. Give examples.
Answer:
Difference between Real image and Virtual image:

Real image	Virtual image
1. The rays of light coming from the object are actually found to meet at a point after reflection or refraction.	1. The light rays coming from an object do not actually meet but appear to meet at a single point after reflection or refraction.
2. They are always inverted.	2. They are always erect.
3. Real image can be obtained on a screen. Example : (a) If the object is too far away from the concave mirror, the image becomes too small and inverted. When the object is brought closer to the concave miiror, the image after reflection becomes large and real. (b) If the object is in front of a convex lens then the rays coming from that will form a real, inverted image after refraction.	3. Virtual image can not be obtained on a screen Example : (a) If the object is between the focal point of the concave mirror and the object, then the image is large, upright and virtual.In the convex mirror for each position of the object, the image obtained is virtual, erect and small. (b) If the object is between the focal point of the convex lens and the lens, then image is virtual, erect and large.

Question (ii)
A person is standing 5m away from a plane mirror. How far will his image be:
(a) from the mirror
(b) from the person himself ?
Solution:
We know that the image formed in a plane mirror is at the same distance behind the mirror is as the object is in front of the mirror. So,
(a) Distance of image from the mirror = Distance of person from the mirror
= 2 meters

(b) Distance of the image from the person = Distance of the person from the plane mirror + Image distance from the mirror. = 2 meters + 2 meters
∴ Distance of the image from the person = 4 meters

Question (iii)
Give two uses of concave mirrors.
Answer:
Uses of concave mirrors:

Concave mirror is used as a having mirror, as the concave mirror produces a large and erect image when the mirror is placed close to the face.
Concave mirrors are mostly used on the headlights of vehicles. Here the bulb (light source) is placed on the principal focus of the concave mirror.

Question (iv)
State two differences between convex lens and concave lens.
Answer:
Difference between convex lens and concave lens:

Convex lens	Concave lens
(1) It is thick in the middle and thin at the edges.	(1) It is thin in the middle and thick at the edges.
(2) It generally forms a large image of the object.	(2) It forms a small and virtual image of the object.

Question (v)
Of how many colours is white light made of ? Name them.
Answer:
White light consists of seven colours. Their names are:

Violet,
Purple (Indigo),
Blue,
Green.
Yellow,
Orange and
Red.

Question (vi)
Ravi is observing his image in a plane mirror. The distance between the mirror and his image is 6 m. If he moves 2 m towards the mirror, then the distance between Ravi and his image will be:
Answer:
Given, the distance between the plane mirror and the image = 6 meters
We know, the distance between the object (Ravi) and the mirror = Distance between the mirror and the image
Distance between Ravi and mirror = 6 meters (Given.)
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 3
When he moves 2 meters forward then the distance between Ravi and mirror will be
= 6 meters – 2 meters
= 4 meters.
Now,
Distance between Ravi and his image = Distance between Ravi and Plane mirror + Distance between plane mirror and image
= 4 meters + 4 meters
= 8 meters

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
State and explain the characteristics of the image formed by a plane mirror.
Answer:
Characteristics of the image formed by the plane mirror:

The image of the burning candle (object) is seen behind the mirror at the same distance. Therefore the image formed by a plane mirror is always formed as far behind the mirror as the objects is in front of it.
Since the image of the candle behind the mirror cannot be obtained on the screen, therefore, The image formed by the mirror is always virtual.
When we place the candle upright the image formed is also upwards. This shows that the image formed by a plane mirror is erect.
When we compare the size of the candle and its image formed in a plane mirror, they are of the same size. This shows the size of the object and the size image formed by the plane mirror is equal.
The distance between the candle and the mirror is equal to the distance between the image of the candle and the minor.
The image formed by a plane mirror is laterally inverted. That is, the left side of the object appears to the right side of the image and the right side of the object is to the left side of the image.

Question (ii)
What is meant by dispersion of the light ? Explain by using a Prism. Which natural phenomenon is associated with dispersion of light ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 4
Dispersion of Light.
It is the phenomena of spliting the white light into its seven colours. The process of its separation into seven colors is characterized by a white ray of light passing through the prism as shown in the figure.

Place a white screen on the other side of prism. You will see that the white light will be splited in seven colors. These colors form a band of the seven colors received on the screen called the spectrum. Due to the different wavelengths of the seven colors, these seven colors diverge at different angles. These seven colors are: (1) Violet, (2) Indigo, (3) Blue, (4) Green, (5) Yellow, (6) Orange, (7) Red.

We can remember these names with the word VIBGYOR formed from their first letters. You may have seen rainbows forming in the sky after rain. It causes the rays of the sun’s white light to be dispersed from the water droplets hanging in the atmosphere. Here the water droplets act like a prism and split up the white sunlight into its seven colours.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Light Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) An image that cannot be obtained on a screen is called …………………..
Answer:
virtual image

(ii) Image formed by a convex …………………. is always virtual and smaller in size.
Answer:
mirror

(iii) An image formed by a ………………….. mirror is always of same size as that of an object.
Answer:
plane

(iv) An image which can be obtained on a screen is called a ………………. image
Answer:
real

(v) An image formed by a …………………. lens cannot be obtained on a screen.
Answer:
concave

2. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Convex lens	(a) Rainbow
(ii) Real, inverted and equal image	(b) Concave mirror
(iii) Alphabetical process	(c) Magnifying glass
(iv) Virtual image	(d) Convex lens
(v) The reflecting surface is inward	(e) Cannot be obtained on screen

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Convex lens	(c) Magnifying glass
(ii) Real, inverted and equal image	(d) Convex lens
(iii) Alphabetical process	(a) Rainbow
(iv) Virtual image	(e) Cannot be obtained on screen
(v) The reflecting surface is inward	(b) Concave mirror.

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Light travels in:
(a) Straight lines
(b) Curved lines
(c) Circles
(d) None of the above.
Answer:
(a) Straight lines.

Question (ii)
Erect, virtual and diminished image is formed in:
(a) plane mirror
(b) concave mirror convexo.
(c) convex mirror
(d) concave mirror
Answer:
(c) convex mirror.

Question (iii)
To see an object it is necessary:
(a) Source of light
(b) Source of light and an object
(c) Source of light, object and an eye
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Source of light, object and an eye.

Question (iv)
After passing through a prism, light is split up into:
(a) two colours
(b) five colours
(c) seven colours
(d) six colours.
Answer:
(c) seven colours.

Question (v)
To see magnified view of teeth, dentists use:
(a) plane mirror
(b) concave mirror
(c) convex mirror and convex mirrors.
(d) combination of concave
Answer:
(b) concave mirror

Question (vi)
Which mirror is used to get magnified and real image ?
(a) convex mirror
(b) plane mirror
(c) concave mirror
(d) none of the above.
Answer:
(c) concave mirror.

Question (vii)
Convex lens is:
(a) thick at the centre and thin at the edges
(b) thick at the edges and thin at the centre
(c) uniformly thick
(d) irregularly thick.
Answer:
(a) thick at the centre and thin at the edges.

Question (viii)
When Newton disc is rotated fast which colour is seen ?
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 5
(a) Black
(b) White
(c) Blue
(d) Yellow.
Answer:
(b) White.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give one property of light.
Answer:
Light travels in a straight line.

Question 2.
Which surface acts as a mirror ?
Answer:
Any smooth and polished surface.

Question 3.
If you are standing in front of a plane mirror and observing your own image what is the relation
Answer:
Distance of the object from the mirror = Distance of the Image from the mirror.

Question 4.
What are spherical mirrors ?
Answer:
Spherical Mirrors. Spherical mirrors are the part of hollow spherical reflecting surface of which the mirror is a part. The spherical mirrors are of two types:

Concave mirrors
Convex mirrors.

Question 5.
One wants to get an enlarged image of an object in a mirror. What type of mirror should one use ?
Answer:
Concave mirror.

Question 6.
What type of mirror is used in automobiles for the benefit of drivers ?
Answer:
Convex mirror.

Question 7.
What type of mirrors are used in search-lights and head lights of cars ?
Answer:
Concave mirror.

Question 8.
Name the mirror in which the image of object is always diminished and virtual.
Answer:
Convex mirror.

Question 9.
Name the kind of mirror which produces a diminished real image.
Answer:
Concave mirror.

Question 10.
Write a note on convex lens.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 6
Convex lens.
A convex lens is thick in the centre and thin at the edges. This lens has the capability to converge a beam of light. So this lens is also called a converging lens.

Question 11.
What is a concave lens ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 7
Concave lens.
A concave lens is thin at the centre and thick at the edges. This lens has a capacity to diverge a beam of light. So this lens is also called a diverging lens.

Question 12.
Name the seven constituent colors of light.
Answer:
Violet, Indigo, Blue, Green, Yellow, Orange, Red.

Question 13.
Describe a natural phenomenon in which seven colors of light are displayed.
Answer:
View of the rainbow after rains.

Short Answer Type Qucstions

Question 1.
Why should not we see towards sun through a convex lens ?
Answer:
A convex lens is a converging lens. It converges a beam of parallel rays coming from the Sun at the focus. If a piece of paper or cloth is placed at the focus of a convex lens from the sun, these catch fire. So, if we see towards the sun through a convex lens, large amount of heat will be produced which is very harmful for the eyes. Hence we should not see the sun through a convex lens.

Question 2.
What is a virtual image ? Give one situation where a virtual image is formed.
Answer:
Virtual image. An image which cannot be obtained on a screen, is called a virtual image.
Image formed in a plane mirror is always virtual.
Image in a concave mirror is virtual when object is placed very close to the mirror.
Image formed in a convex mirror is always virtual.

Question 3.
State two differences between a convex and a concave lens.
Answer:
Differences between a Convex and a Concave lens:

Convex lens	Concave lens
1. It is thick at the centre and thin at the edges.	It is thin at the centre and thick at the edges
2. The image is generally formed on the other side of the lens (except when the object is between F and optical centre).	The image is formed on the same side of the object.
3. It converges a beam of light to a	It diverges a beam of light as coming from a point.

Question 4.
Give one use each of a concave and a convex mirror.
Answer:
Use of concave mirror. It is used as reflector in a searchlight or car head-light.
Use of convex mirror. It is used in cars and other vehicles as a rear view mirror.

Question 5.
Which type of mirror can form a real image ?
Answer:
A concave mirror forms a real image.

Question 6.
Which type of lens forms always a virtual image ?
Answer:
Concave lens.

Question 7.
Give the conditions necessary for seeing an object.
Answer:
Conditions for seeing an object. To see an object the following three conditions are required to be satisfied:

Source of light to make the object visible.
The object.
Eye.

Question 8.
What are the uses of mirrors ?
Answer:
Uses of Mirrors. We use mirrors in our daily life for one or the other purpose.
(i) Plane Mirror. Plane mirrors are used in the barber’s shops and in homes as looking glass. It is also used in periscope and other optical instruments.

(ii) Concave mirror.

It is used as reflector in a search light or in a car head light.
It is used in the solar cookers to converge the radiations coming from the sun.

(iii) Convex mirror.

It is used in the cars and other vehicles as a rear view mirror to have look at the vehicles coming behind.
It is used in amusement parks for showing strange looking images of people who stand in front of them.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Give an experiment to show that white light is made up of seven colours.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 15 Light 10
White light is a mixture of seven colours. To prove that white light is a mixture of seven colours, the following activity is performed.

Make a small top with a rotating disc. Paint the upper surface of the disc with sectorial area proportionately to the seven colours of the rainbow. Now rotate the disc when a white colour will appear on the disc. Light helps us to see the objects around us.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 18 Wastewater Story

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Wastewater Story Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 224)

Question 1.
What is the difference in colour of contaminated and clean water ?
Answer:
Clear water is colourless, but it may contain soluble impurities and microorganisms. This water is not pure and not drinkable.
Contaminated water in which microorganisms are present can also be colourless. Also, if there is any pigment or impurities in the water, it may be dark brown in colour.

Question 2.
Name any two organic contaminants present in drain water.
Answer:
Organic pollutants present in the drain waste water are:

1. Insecticides,
2. Diuretics,
3. Fruits and vegetables waste,
4. Human and animal excreta.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 225)

Question 1.
Why are manholes builts in sewage route ?
Answer:
Manholes are made at every 50-60 m distance of the sewerage system or at the junction of two sewage discharges, so that the person can enter the sewage drain to identify and diagnose the problem.

Question 2.
Name any two organisms living in and around an open drain.
Answer:

Cockroach and
scorpion.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 228)

Question 1.
What change do in you notice in the appearance of liquid after aeration ?
Answer:
The color of the liquid is slightly clear and light.

Question 2.
What was removed by the sand filter ?
Answer:
Insoluble solid particles were separated by sand filter.

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Wastewater Story Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) ……………….. are dissolved and suspended solid impurities present in sewage.
Answer:
Pollutants

(ii) The activated sludge is about ……………….. water.
Answer:
97%

(iii) …………………. is the solid material settled at the bottom of water clarifier.
Answer:
Sludge

(iv) ……………… is the place where contaminants are removed from wastewater.
Answer:
Water purification tank

(v) Adopt ……………….. sanitation practices.
Answer:
Good

2. State True or False:

(i) The sight and smell of open drain is attractive.
Answer:
False

(ii) Throw plastic bags in the drain.
Answer:
False

(iii) Open drain is the breeding place for flies and mosquitoes.
Answer:
True

(iv) Do not defecate in the open.
Answer:
True

(v) Solid food remains can block the drains.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Organic impurities	(a) Sewage treatment
(ii) Inorganic impurities	(b) Typhoid
(iii) Wastewater treatment	(c) Manure
(iv) Water borne diseases	(d) Nitrate and phosphates
(v) Dried sludge	(e) Human wastes

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Organic impurities	(e) Human wastes
(ii) Inorganic impurities	(d) Nitrate and phosphates
(iii) Wastewater treatment	(a) Sewage treatment
(iv) Water borne diseases	(b) Typhoid
(v) Dried sludge	(c) Manure

4. Choose the Correct Answer

Question (i)
Wastewater treatment plant involve:
(a) Bar screen
(b) Water clarifier
(c) Grit and sand removal tank
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(d) All of these.

Question (ii)
Name the by-product of wastewater treatment plant:
(a) Biogas.
(b) Sludge
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question (iii)
Which of the following chemicals is used to disinfect water ?
(a) Chlorine
(b) Ozone
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

Question (iv)
World Toilet Day is celebrated every year on:
(a) 29 November
(b) 19 October
(c) 19 November
(d) 29 October.
Answer:
(c) 19 November.

Question (v)
Which of the following is not a low cost onsite sewage disposal system
(a) Septic tank
(b) Compost pit
(c) Chemical toilets
(d) Bar screen.
Answer:
(d) Bar screen.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
What is sewage ?
Answer:
Sewage.
This is the dirty water which contains soluble impurities dissolved and insoluble suspended impurities. It is produced by homes, offices, industries, farms and hospitals.

Question (ii)
What is Sludge ?
Answer:
Sludge.
The solid that settles at the bottom of a water purification tank is called Sludge.

Question (iii)
What is clarified water ?
Answer:
Clarified Water (Pure water).
It is colourless, odourless and tasteless water with pH value 7. Rainwater is pure water. The boiling point of pure water is 100°C. Pure water does not contain soluble or hanging impurities in it.

Question (iv)
What is septic tank ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 1
Septic Tank.
This is a low cost onsite sewage treatment system that contains anaerobic bacterial enivironment to decompose the waste products. It has connection to main sewage discharge pipes. This is used in which excreta from the toilet passes through the covered pipes from the toilets directly to the biogas plant.

Question (v)
What is waste water treatment plant ?
Answer:
Waste Water Treatment Plant.
Polluted water of houses through covered underground Pipes is taken to sewage removing contaminants.

The water is taken to the treatment plant and after the treatment this water is discharged into the rivers or oceans. The remaining waste water is sent to the place where the impurities are separated from it. Separation of contaminants from waste, water is called water purification. Water treatment involves physical, chemical and biological processes which remove contaminants from the waste water. Waste water treatment plant is also called sewage treatment plant.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why oil and fats should not be thrown in the drain ?
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 2
Oil, ghee etc. should not be thrown in the drain, instead leftover should be put in the dustbin.
Because they harden and block the drainage pipes. If thrown in the open then they can close pores iin the soil which may reduce the ability of the soil to filter water.

Question (ii)
What is the function of bar screens in a wastewater treatment plants ?
Answer:
Function of Bar screen in waste water treatment Plants:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 18 Wastewater Story 3
In waste water treatment plant at first this water which contains solid insoluble impurities such as cans, pieces of nepkins and plastic etc is first passed through a mesh having bar screens where these impurities are stopped and separated.

Question (iii)
“Throw litter in the dustbin only
Answer:
Always throw the garbage in the dustbin because scattering the garbage will not only pollute our surroundings but will also pollute the environment and give off a foul smell which will help in producing germs, insects and cockroaches. It will also cause many diseases. So throw litter only in the dustbin.

Question (iv)
What are the alternative arrangements for sewage disposal ?
Answer:
Alternative arrangements for sewage disposal.
Where there is no sewerage system, low cost sewage disposal systems such as septic tanks, chemical tanks, composting pits etc. can be constructed. A septic tank is a small sewage treatment system that contains anaerobic bacterial environment that separate waste pollutants. It has no connection with main sewage disposal pipes.

Question (v)
Why is it harmful to discharge untreated sewage in water bodies ?
Answer:
Untreated sewage contains inorganic and suspended contaminants. If this untreated sewage is discharged directly into water bodies then contaminants like germs present in it will get activated which will cause diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and hepatitis.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Write a brief note on open defecation.
Answer:
Open defecation.
Open defecation on railway tracks, banks of rivers or in the fields can cause health problems. It spreads many deadly diseases like cholera, typhoid, diarrhoea, polio and hepatitis.

About one lakh people die every year due to open defecation. In areas where open defecation is common, human feces and animal feces are swallowed by children accumulating large amounts of bacteria, parasites, and viruses in their bodies which causes diseases, even it leads to death.

Question (ii)
What steps will you take at home for efficient working of sewerage system ?
Answer:
Steps for efficient sewrage system at home. We should develop the following good habits for efficient sewerage system at the home.

Don’t waste water. Every time you go to toilet and you flush the toilet, water runs unnecessarily. So manage the amount of water to be used in toilets by putting a bottle filled with water or a brick in your flush tank which will maintain the water pressure and reduce the wastage of water.
Avoid using the toilet as a waste basket.
Install water-efficient toilets. Fix standard for reducing water consumption each time you flush.
Use only phosphate-free soaps and detergents.
Use washing machine only when you have full load of clothes.
Do not throw solid materials like tea leaves, wool, plastic envelopes (polythene), sanitary towels, soft toys etc. in the drainage water as they may block the drain. As a result, oxygen does not flow freely and the decomposition process slows down.
Do not throw substances like ghee, machine oil, grease, pesticides and other chemicals etc. in the drain as it can kill the water purifying microorganisms.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Wastewater Story Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Cleaning of water is a process of removing ………………….. .
Answer:
contaminants

(ii) Waste water released by houses is called ………………… .
Answer:
sewage

(iii) Dried ……………… is used as manure.
Answer:
sludge

(iv) Drains get blocked by ………………. and ……………. .
Answer:
cooking oil, fats

(v) An open space covered by a lid is a passage through which a person can enter and check the sewage system is called …………….. .
Answer:
Manhole

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
(i) Waste water treatment by-products	(a) November 19
(ii) World Water Day	(b) Breeding area for mosquitoes and flies.
(iii) Open defecation	(c) Humus and bio gas
(iv) World Toilet Day	(d) March 22

Answer:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
(i) Waste water treatment by-products	(c) Humus and bio gas
(ii) World Water Day	(d) March 22
(iii) Open defecation	(b) Breeding area for mosquitoes and flies.
(iv) World Toilet Day	(a) November 19

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
A network of small and large underground pipes:
(a) Sewage
(b) Humus
(c) Stool excretion
(d) None of these
Answer:
(a) Sewage.

Question (ii)
World Water Day is celebrated:
(a) March 22
(b) 22 February
(c) April 22
(d) 22 June
Answer:
(a) March 22.

Question (iii)
Which gas absorbs ultraviolet radiation ?
(a) Nitrogen
(b) Oxygen
(c) Ozone
(d) Hydrogen
Answer:
(c) Ozone.

Question (iv)
Contaminated water causes diseases:
(a) Jaundice
(b) Diarrhoea
(c) Cholera
(d) All of the above
Answer:
(d) All of the above.

Question (v)
Malaria can spread through:
(a) Open drains
(b) Taps
(c) Closed drains
(d) Water pipes
Answer:
(a) Open drains

State True or False:

(i) Untreated sewage should be disposed of in reservoirs.
Answer:
False

(ii) Residual oil and ghee should be drained.
Answer:
False

(iii) Throwing polythene bags or pieces in the drains can choke the drain.
Answer:
True

(iv) Litter should be thrown in the dustbin only.
Answer:
True

(v) The solid settling at the bottom of a water purification tank is called sludge.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which is World Water Day ?
Answer:
World Water Day : 22 March.

Question 2.
What is cleaning of water ?
Answer:
Cleaning of Water. Removing pollutants from waste water.

Question 3.
What is common name of waste water treatment ?
Answer:
Sewage Treatment.

Question 4.
How is Sewage formed ?
Answer:
Sewage. It is waste water discharged by homes, industries, hospitals, offices and other users.

Question 5.
Which organisms cause dysentery ?
Answer:
Microbes.

Question 6.
What is sewerage ?
Answer:
Sewerage. Network of small and big pipes called sewers form sewerage.

Question 7.
Which chemicals destroy water micro-organisms?
Answer:
Paints, painkillers, oils, medicines, etc destroy micro-organisms.

Question 8.
Why should solid waste not be dumped in drains?
Answer:
Because they pollute the drains and block the free flow of oxygen.

Question 9.
How does oxygen purify waste water?
Answer:
Oxygen helps in biodegradation.

Question 10.
Write the names of two causes for spread of diseases.
Answer:
Unhygienic surroundings and Polluted water.

Question 11.
Name the plant used at places where sewerage system is not available.
Answer:
Septic tank.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give a short account of alternative arrangements for sewage disposal.
Answer:
The alternative arrangements for sewage disposal are septic tanks, chemical toilets, compositing pits, etc.

All these are low cost onsite sewage disposal systems and are suitable for places where there is no sewerage systems. For example, in hospitals, isolated building or a cluster of 4-5 houses in a remote area.

Question 2.
Name some practices used at home which can minimise the waste production.
Answer:
Practices used at home to minimise waste.

Greasy, oily things should not be dumped into drains, as they block (choke) the drains.
Chemicals, paints, insecticides etc. should not be thrown into drains as they kill microbes that help to purify water.
Solid wastes, used tea leaves, sanitary towels etc. should be thrown in dustbins and not in drains as they choke the drains.

Question 3.
What is Sewage ? Explain why it is harmful to discharge untreated sewage into rivers or seas.
Answer:
Sewage. Sewage is a liquid waste which has lot of dissolved and suspended pollutants in water. It is complex in nature.

It is produced in homes, industries, agricultural fields and in other human activities. It is main cause of water and soil pollution.

Harmful aspects of disposal of untreated water waste:

It causes health hazards.
Ground water and surface water gets polluted.
It is carrier of water borne diseases.

Question 4.
Why should oil and fats be not released in the drain ? Explain.
Answer:
Oil and fats on hardening block the drain pipes. In open drains, the oils clog the soil particles reducing their power of filtering.

Question 5.
Describe the steps involving in getting clarified water from waste-water.
Answer:
Steps to get clarified water from waste water:

Passing waste water through bar screening to remove large objects like rags, plastics, cans etc.
Passing through grit and sand. Removal tank with slow speed to settle down sand and dust particles.
Settling down of water is done in a big tank which has a slope in middle to remove faecal matter and floatable solids such as oils and grease. Water so obtained is called clarified water.

Question 6.
What is sludge ? Explain how it is treated.
Answer:
Sludge.
It is solid faecal matter collected from the waste water after passing through screen bars and grit and sand removal tank.

Treatment of Sludge.
It is collected in a tank to be treated by anaeroboic bacteria. The biogas produced is used for generating electricity. Dried sludge is used as a manure.

Question 7.
Untreated human excreta is a health hazard. Explain.
Answer:
Untreated human excreta.

It is a breeding place for mosquitoes, flies and other insects.
It is full of foul smell.
It contaminates water and soil,
It is carrier of many diseases.

Question 8.
Name two chemicals used to disinfect water.
Answer:

Chlorine and
Ozone.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Give a detailed account of waste water treatment plant.
Answer:
Waste water is contaminated with physical, chemical and biological pollutants. To remove all these physical, chemical and biological processes are to be involved.

(i) Bar-Screen treatment. Wastewater is allowed to pass through big bar screens to remove solid large objects such as napkins, tins, cans, sticks, plastics, etc.

(ii) Grit and sand removal tank. The wastewater is allowed to pass through these tanks at a very low speed so that sand, dust, and insoluble heavy particles settle down in these tanks.

(iii) Separating the sludge. In this process, water is put into a large tank whose middle portion is sloped. All solids get settled down and are removed with a scraper. This solid waste is known as sludge. Some floating solids are removed by a skimmer. Water, thus, obtained is called clarified water.

Now two separate processes are to be followed.

(a) Sludge is transferred to a tank to be decomposed by anaerobic bacteria when biogas is produced as a by-product.

(b) In the clarified water, aerobic bacterias are present to enhance their functioning. Air is pumped into the water. Bacteria consume the impurities left in water and settle down at the bottom. The water is then removed from the top. While the sludge settled at the bottom is dried and used as manure.

(iv) The above water is either discharged into sea or river to be naturally cleaned or treated with chlorine or ozone and supplied for further use.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Physical Education Book Solutions Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules.

Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules – PSEB 10th Class Physical Education

Question 1.
Discuss about the circle style Kabaddi, Ground, Duration of the game, Dress of the Players, The official of the Kabaddi game.
Answer:
Playground:
The Punjab Style Kabaddi is also known as Circle Kabaddi. Its playground is circular, and the radius of the circle is 75 feet. The radius can be from 65′ (50 m) to 15′(10 m.) The centre line divides it into two equal parts. There is a gate of 20 feet in the middle of the centre-line. On both the ends of the gate two soil mounds are built. They are called palas.

The diameter of each pala is 6 inches. The palas are 1 foot high from the ground where they are placed. On both the ends of the centre line, the D-area is marked by a 20 feet long line. It is 15 feet from palas towards the sides. Through a quarter circle it touches the centre-line, and the palas are in the middle of it.

KABADDI:
PUNJAB STYLE OR CIRCLE KABADDI-
Punjab Style Kabaddi Game Rules - PSEB 10th Class Physical Education 1

Duration of Play:
The game is played in two durations of 20 minutes each, and there is an interval of 5 minutes for rest in between the two durations.

Teams:
The game is played between two teams. Each team has ten players and two substitutes. When a player becomes incapable of play he is replaced by a substitute. Each team should have 8 players till the end of the game. If the number of players is less than ten, the opposing team is also allowed to have the same number of players (which is less than ten).

Dress of the Players:
Players shall wear loin-clothes. They can play on bare foot or by wearing tennis shoes with thin soles. The player cannot play by wearing a ring or other such things.

Officials:
There are following officials to conduct this game-

One Referee
One Umpire
Two Scorers
One Time Keeper.

Question 2.
Discuss the rules of Punjab Style Kabaddi.
Answer:
General Rules:

The raiders on their turns shall go to the court of the opponents sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi’. They shall continue sounding the cant within one and the same breath till they return.
The raider shall touch at least the boundary line of the opponent’s court. If he even does not do so, the umpire can ask him for the second raid. If he fails to touch the boundary line even then, the opposing team is awarded one point.
No player can have two successive raids. Each player has to raid at least once in each half of the circle.
When a player is returning after having touched his anti, he cannot be pursued until he has crossed the essential line of his side
If a raider touches any of his opponents and returns to his court, his side gets 1 point.
If a player of the defending team causes an obstruction, the raiding team is at once awarded one point.
During the time of touching and holding between a raider and the player of the opposing team, all the rest of the players are considered temporarily out until a point is scored.
If a raider goes out of the boundary line, the anti-team shall get 1 point. If both the players cross the boundary line, neither side is awarded a point. The point is considered to be common in such a case.
A hold or an attack which may put a player’s life in danger is forbidden.
Applying oil on the body or increasing nails of hands and feet are forbidden.
Coaching of any type from the outside is forbidden.
If a raider touches his opponent or the opponent touches the raider, then both pursue each other till the sounding of the cant. No other player can hold the raider.
No one can hold a player by hair.
The opponent cannot prevent a raider from sounding the cant by shutting his mouth.
Improper or indecent words cannot be used during the play.
No player can go out for drinking water until the game ends.
The players can use soil on their hands.
The umpire can ask each of those players who have not taken their turns to sound the cant and raid.
The leg-scissors cannot be used on a raider without first being held.
No player can slap any other person.

Important Information about the Punjab Style Kabaddi Game

Shape of Kabaddi Playground = Circular
Radius of Circle = 65’to 75′(50 to 70 m)
Distance of Gate in Centre Line = 20′(6.10 m)
Marking of Gate = Two soil mounds are built
The diameter of each pole = 6″ ( 15 cm)
Duration of play = 20-20 Minutes
Time of Interval = 5 Minutes
Playing Members of a team = 14 Players,6 Substitutes
Officials of the match = Two Umpires, One-Referee, one scorer, one time keeper.
The game is played between two teams. Each team consists of 14 players and 6 substitutes.
In case a player is injured during the play, he is replaced by a substitute.
A player can participate in this game on bare foot.
No player can wear an iron bangle (‘Karra’), ring etc. during the play.
No player can have two successive raids.
A hold or attack which may endanger the life of a player is forbidden. Coaching to the players from outside the playfield is forbidden.
The opposing player cannot prevent a player from sounding the cant of ‘Kabaddi-Kabaddi’ by shutting his mouth.
No player can take part in the game after having applied oil on his body.
If a raider loses the cant on the way, the referee asks for the cant again.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 7 Crop Diversification Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 7 Crop Diversification

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Crop Diversification Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in one to two words:

Question 1.
Which cropping system is adopted in the sub-mountainous regions?
Answer:
Rice-Wheat.

Question 2.
Which is the main cropping system in southwestern region?
Answer:
Cotton-Wheat.

Question 3.
Give examples of multiple cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-potato-moong, groundnut-potato-bajra.

Question 4.
How much water table is depleting every year in central Punjab due to cultivation of rice crop?
Answer:
Approximately 74 cm per year.

Question 5.
Which bacterium helps in nitrogen fixation?
Answer:
Rhizobium.

Question 6.
Which fertilizer can be saved in Dhaincha-Basmati-wheat cropping system?
Answer:
Nitrogen fertilizer.

Question 7.
Which crops are imported by India from foreign countries?
Answer:
Pulses, oil seed crops.

Question 8.
How many days before basmati transplanting, green manure should be incorporated in the field?
Answer:
Just before a day.

Question 9.
What percentage of area is under irrigation in Punjab state?
Answer:
98%.

Question 10.
How many tubewells (no.) are there in Punjab?
Answer:
Approximately 14 lakhs.

(B) Answer in one to two sentences:

Question 1.
What do you mean by crop diversification?
Answer:
Crop diversification refers to cultivation of alternate crops by reducing area under conventional crops like wheat and rice and by increasing area under the crops like-maize, pulses, basmati, sugarcane, potato, oilseed crops, etc.

Question 2.
Which crops can be grown in dry land areas?
Answer:
Oil seed crops can be grown in such land areas.

Question 3.
Enlist maize based cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-potato-summer moong or sunflower, maize-potato or toria- sunflower, maize-potato-onion or mentha and maize-gobhi sarson moong.

Question 4.
Enlist fodder based cropping systems.
Answer:
Maize-Berseem-Bajra, Maize-Berseem-Maize or Cowpea.

Question 5.
Write significance of intensive cropping system.
Answer:

High yield can be taken from small land holding.
Climate changes can be tackled.
Use of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
Balanced nutrition in maintained and employment opportunities are increased.
Agro-ecosystem is maintained and it helps in conserving natural resources.

Question 6.
Which enterprises can be adopted in integrated farming system?
Answer:
Following enterprises can be adoped in integrated farming system-

Fish farming
Cultivation of fruits
Cultivation of vegetable
Dairy farming
Rabbit farming
Pig farming
Goat farming
Bee keeping
Poultry farming
Agroforestry like poplar.

Question 7.
Write about source of irrigation in Punjab.
Answer:
Approximately 98% of area in Punjab is under irrigation. There are nearly 14 lakhs tubewells in Punjab. Canal irrigation is also adopted.

Question 8.
Name the alternate crops which can be cultivated in central Punjab over rice-wheat
Answer:
Maize, Potato, Pea, Sugarcane, Basmati, Sunflower, Muskmelon, Chilli and other vegetables.

Question 9.
Write the names of main crops cultivated in sub-mountainous region.
Answer:
Main crops cultivated in sub-mountainous region are-wheat, maize, paddy, basmati, potato, oil seed crops and peas.

Question 10.
Which cropping systems should be adopted in areas having light soils?
Answer:
Groundnut based cropping system can be adoped in light soils, e.g. gsoundnut-potato or toria or wheat, groundnut- potato-bajra (fodder), groundnut- toria or gobhi sarson.

Question 1.
What do you mean by crop diversification? Write about its aim and significance?
Answer:
Crop diversification:
Crop diversification refers to cultivation of alternate crops by reducing area under conventional crops; like, wheat and rice and by increasing area under the crops like-maize, pulses, basmati, sugarcane, potato, oilseed crops etc.

Aim: Aims of crop diversification are:

Judicious use of natural resources and conserving them for future and for long time.
To get more income by investing less on growing crops.
To get out of the same crop rotation cycle so that soil and water remain conserved.

Significance:
Rice-wheat cropping cycle requires 215 cm water in a year and out of this water 80% is consumed by rice crop. Cultivation of rice is damaging the physical and chemical properties of the soil. For the last 50 years area under cultivation of rice has increased at the cost of area under groundnut, oil seed crops, cotton, pulses etc. Crop diversification is the reverse of this process and lot of water is saved and soil health is also improved.

Question 2.
Why there is need for crop intensification? Describe in detail with examples?
Answer:
Intensive cropping system means sowing more than two crops in a year. Crops are sown in the time between the harvesting of first crop and sowing of next crop.
Need for crop intensification:

High yield can be taken from small land holding.
Climate changes can be tackled.
Use of chemical fertilizers is reduced.
Balanced nutrition is maintained and employment opportunities are increased.
Agro-ecosystem is maintained and it helps in conserving natural resources.

Cultivation of leguminous crops help in increasing the soil fertility by fixation of nitrogen with rhizobium. This saves nitrogen fertilizers. Important multiple cropping patterns are –

Green manuring based; e.g. Jantar-Maize etc.
Maize based; e.g. maize-potato-moong or sunflower.
Soyabean based ; e.g. soyabean-wheat-cowpea
Groundnut based; e.g. – Groundnut – potato-toriya,.
Green fodder based; e.g. – Maize – berseem- bajra.

Question 3.
Write about the problems related to agriculture in Punjab.
Answer:
Problems related to agriculture in Punjab are as follows:

After green revolution Punjab remained stuck in the crop cycle of paddy and wheat. Due to cultivation of these two crops water table is going down and excess use of chemicals like weedicides, pesticides and fertilizers etc. has damaged the health of the soil and also badly affected the chemical and physical properties of the soil.
Area under oil seed crops and pulses is reducing.
Due to heavy rainfall in south-western zone there exists problem of soil erosion.
Water level is going down by 74 cm every year and farmers have to use submersible motor for lifting water,
which adds to the cost of cultivation.
New species of insectes and weeds are being generated.
Biodiversity is decreasing.
Climate changes are taking place.

Question 4.
What is integrated farming system? Describe in detail with examples.
Answer:
In Integrated farming system a farmer can adopt one or two additional enterprises other than agriculture. This way farmer can increase his income and his family members can also help in the “’enterprise. (Integrated forming system IFS) helps in meeting the nutritional food requirements of the family. Some of the enterprises which a farmer can adopt from:

Fish farming.
Cultivation of fruits
Cultivation of vegetables
Dairy farming
Rabbit farming
Pig farming
Goat farming
Bee keeping
Poultry farming
Agroforestry like, poplar.

Question 5.
What do you mean by inter cropping system? Describe with examples.
Answer:
Intercropping system. Inter cropping is also called mixed cropping system. Inter cropping is done to get high yield from small land holding, get higher income and to fulfil requirements of the population.

Due to increase in factories, expansion of residential areas, land under cultivation is decreasing day by day. Therefore, it is the need of the hour to obtain maximum yield from the available land. For this inter cropping is done e.g. Maize or moong, Arhar or moong, Soyabean or moong, Maize or soyabean, Maize or maize for green fodder or groundnut, Cotton or maize etc. Due to intercropping there is no bad effect on the yield of the main crop. This system helps in maintaining the soil fertility. Problem of weeds is also reduced to large extent.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Crop Diversification Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How much land is under the cultivation of rice?
Answer:
Approximately 28.3 lakhs hectare.

Question 2.
How much land is under the cultivation of wheat?
Answer:
Approximately 35.1 lakhs hectare.

Question 3.
For the last 50 years, at the cost of which crops area under the cultivation of rice has increased?
Answer:
Groundnut, oil seed crops, sugarcane, pulses.

Question 4.
How much water is consumed by rice-wheat crop cycle in a year?
Answer:
215 cm.

Question 5.
How much water is consumed by rice crop out of total water consumed in a year by rice-wheat crop cycle?
Answer:
80%

Question 6.
How much total area in Punjab is under the cultivation of various crops?
Answer:
41.58 lakhs hectare.

Question 7.
In how many zones has Punjab been divided on agroclimatic basis?
Answer:
Three zones-sub mountainous zone, central zone, south-western zone.

Question 8.
Submountainous zone lies at foothills of which hill?
Answer:
Himalayan foothills.

Question 9.
How much area under sub-mountainous region is covered by Kandi belt?
Answer:
Approximately 9%

Question 10.
Which is the main crop cycle in Punjab?
Answer:
Wheat-rice.

Question 11.
Which crop rotation cycle is adopted in South-Western Zone?
Answer:
Cotton-Wheat.

Question 12.
What is the quality of ground water in south-western zone?
Answer:
Its is saline or saline sodic.

Question 13.
Name the crops used as green manure.
Answer:
Jantar, Rawanh (Cowpea).

Question 14.
If maize is to be sown then for how many days before green manure should be ploughed in the fields?
Answer:
8-10 days before sowing maize.

Question 15.
Dried bits of which crop can be used as green manure?
Answer:
Summer moong.

Question 16.
How much protein content is contained in soyabean?
Answer:
35-40%.

Question 17.
Which crop contributed a lot in bringing white revolution?
Answer:
Fodder crops.

Question 18.
How much fodder is given to cows and buffaloes on daily basis for higher milk yield?
Answer:
40 kg green fodder.

Question 19.
Write vegetable based crop system for villages which are near to city.
Answer:
Cauliflower-tomato-ladyfinger.

Question 20.
Write vegetable based crop system for villages which are far away from city.
Answer:
Potato-ladyfinger-early sown cauliflower.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What do you know about Kandi area?
Answer:
It is the nearly 9% area under the sub-mountainous zone.

Question 2.
What is the problem found in central zone of Punjab?
Answer:
The cropping cycle adoped in this zone is of wheat-rice and due to this cycle underground water is going down at the rate of 74 cm per year.

Question 3.
Why is soyabean best alternate for rice crop?
Answer:
Rice yield is decreased due to attack of insects and pests and diseases. Therefore, soyabean is best alternate for rice crop.

Question 4.
What is the advantage of inter cropping system?
Answer:
Inter cropping system is helpful in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Problem of weeds is also decreased to large extent.

Question 5.
Suggest vegetable cropping system for farms which are nearby city.
Answer:

Brinjal (long)- late cauliflower-bottle gourd
Potato – muskmelon
Spinach-knol khol- onion or green chilli or radish.
Cauliflower – tomato-ladyfinger.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Suggest maize based and soyabean based cropping systems.
Answer:
1. Maize based cropping system-
Some of the maize based cropping systems are:

Maize – Potato – Moong or sunflower.
Maize – Potato or toria – sunflower
Maize-potato – onion or mentha etc.

These cropping systems help in conserving the natural sources.

2. Soyabean based cropping system-
Soyabean based cropping system is-Soyabean – wheat- rawanh (Cowpea) (fodder)
Rice yield is decreased due to attack of insects and p@6ts and diseases. Therefore soyabean is best alternate for rice crop. Soyabean is a leguminous crop. It helps in fixing nitrogen in the soil and thus helps in maintaining the fertility of the soil. Soyabean is a good source of protein. It contains nearly 35-40% protein content. It is used to prepare soya milk, soya cheese, soyanutri etc.

PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms

January 22, 2024January 21, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Science Book Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms

Science Guide for Class 7 PSEB Respiration in Organisms Intext Questions and Answers

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 117)

Question 1.
How long were you able to hold your breath?
Answer:
Up to 35 seconds.

Question 2.
Why can we not hold our breath for a long time?
Answer:
We need oxygen all the time within our body, by holding breath for too long the amount of Carbon dioxide will increase which can be fatal.

Think and answer (Textbook Page No. 118)

Question 1.
In which condition the rate of breathing is slowest ?
Answer:
After resting, the respiratory rate is at least 12 to 20 breaths per minute. A lower rate is a sign of a physical problem.

Question 2.
What is your normal breathing rate ?
Answer:
20 breaths per minute.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 121)

Question 1.
What does the rubber sheet represent ?
Answer:
The Diaphragm represents the rubber seat.

Question 2.
Which organs are represented by balloons ?
Answer:
The two lungs represent the balloons.

Question 3.
Can you explain the mechanism of breathing with the help of this model ?
Answer:
Yes, because it is working model of breathing. Therefore, this will explain that action completely.

Think and Answer (Textbook Page No. 118)

Question 1.
Why does lime water turn milky ?
Answer:
When we blow in lime water the exhaled carbon dioxide reacts with lime water to make lime water milky.

Question 2.
What is the formula of lime water ?
Answer:
Chemical formula of Lime water: Ca(OH)₂

PSEB 7th Class Science Guide Respiration in Organisms Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Lactic acid is produced during ………………….. respiration.
Answer:
Aerobic

(ii) Taking in of air rich in oxygen is called ………………… .
Answer:
Breathing

(iii) The number of times a person breathes in a minute is termed as ……………………. .
Answer:
Breathing rate

(iv) Exchange of gases in the leaves of plants takes place through ……………….. .
Answer:
Stomata

(v) The skin of an earthworm is …………….. to touch.
Answer:
Wet and slippery

2. State True or False:

(i) Frogs breathe through their skin as well as lungs.
Answer:
True

(ii) We cannot feel breathing movements in our body.
Answer:
False

(iii) Aerobic respiration produces more energy than anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
True

(iv) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down.
Answer:
True

(v) Insects have organ, called trachea for respiration.
Answer:
True

3. Match the Column ‘A’ with Column ‘B’:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Lenticels	(a) Gills
(ii) Yeast	(b) Old stem
(iii) Fish	(c) Skin
(iv) Stomata	(d) Alcohol
(v) Earthworm	(e) Leaves

Answer:

Column ‘A’	Column ‘B’
(i) Lenticels	(b) Old stem
(ii) Yeast	(d) Alcohol
(iii) Fish	(a) Gills
(iv) Stomata	(e) Leaves
(v) Earthworm	(c) Skin

4. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
The earthworms respire through:
(a) Trachea
(b) Gills
(c) Lungs
(d) Skin.
Answer:
(d) Skin

Question (ii)
Respiration helps in:
(a) Digestion
(b) Energy production
(c) Locomotion
(d) Chromosomes.
Answer:
(b) Energy production.

Question (iii)
In cockroaches, air enters the body through:
(a) Skin
(b) Lungs
(c) Spiracles
(d) Gills.
Answer:
(c) Spiracles.

Question (iv)
In old and woody stem gaseous exchange take place through:
(a) Stomata
(b) Lenticels
(c) Root hair
(d) Do not respire.
Answer:
(b) Lenticels.

Question (v)
During heavy exercise we get cramps due to:
(a) Glucose
(b) Oxygen
(c) Lactic acid
(d) Alcohol.
Answer:
(c) Lactic acid.

5. Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Define the term breathing rate.
Answer:
Breathing Rate. The number of times a person breathes in a minute, is called the breathing rate. Breathing once means inhaling once and exhaling once.

Question (ii)
What is respiration ? Name two types of respiration.
Answer:
Respiration. This is a simple physical activity during which oxygen-rich air from the atmosphere is drawn into the respiratory organs (lungs in humans). This part of the respiratory system is called breathing and after breathing, carbon dioxide-rich air is expelled from the respiratory tract into the atmosphere.
There are two types of respirations:

Aerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration.

6. Short Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
Why do we get muscle cramps after heavy excercise ?
Answer:
After exercise we feel tired due to Anaerobic respiration. In the absence of oxygen, lactic acid is formed due to the partial oxidation of glucose. Lactic acid builds up in the muscles causing fatigue and stiffness.

Question (ii)
Why does an over watered potted plant die ?
Answer:
When we water the plants more than what plants need, they die. This is because more water fills the air spaces between the soil particles. As a result, the roots of the plants do not get enough oxygen.

Question (iii)
Why do we often sneeze when we inhale a lot of dust-laden air ?
Answer:
When we inhale in a dusty environment, the unwanted dust particles get trapped in the nasal passage, nasal hair and mucus causing irritation or itching in the nose which makes us sneeze. With the onset of sneezing, those unnecessary dust particles are expelled and clean air begins to enter our lungs.

7. Long Answer Type Questions:

Question (i)
How respiration is different from breathing ?
Answer:
Differences between Respiratory and Breathing.

Respiration	Breathing
(1) This action takes place in cells.	(1) This action takes place outside the cells.
(2) Energy is produced in this action.	(2) This action does not produce energy.
(3) It is a chemical reaction.	(3) It is a physical activity in which gases are exchanged.
(4) Respiratory organs are not required in this activity.	(4) The respiratory organs (lungs) are required.
(5) It requires enzymes.	(5) Enzymes are not required in this activity.
(6) This action produces carbon dioxide and energy.	(6) It releases carbon dioxide.
(7) It involves oxidation of glucose.	(7) It draws in oxygen.

Question (ii)
Draw a labelled diagram of human respiratory system.
Answer:
Labelled diagram of human Respiratory System:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms 1

Question (iii)
List similarities and differences between aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
Answer:
Difference between Aerobic respiration and Anaerobic respiration :

Aerobic Respiration	Anaerobic Respiration
(1) This action occurs in the presence of oxygen.	(1) This action takes place in the absence of oxygen.
(2) This action takes place in both the biological fluid and the mitochondria biological fluid.	(2) This action takes place only in the of the cells.
(3) In aerobic respiration, complete oxidation of glucose occurs.	(3) In anaerobic respiration incomplete oxidation of glucose takes place.
(4) In this action CO₂ and water are formed.	(4) Alcohol and carbon dioxide are formed in this process.
(5) In this action from a molecule of glucose 38 ATP molecules are free.	(5) From a molecule of glucose in this action 2 ATP molecules are free.
(6) Complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose releases 673 kcal of energy.	(6) Partial oxidation of one molecule of glucose releasing 21 kilo calorie of energy.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Science Respiration in Organisms Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks:

(i) Organisms that do not require oxygen for respiration are called ………………..
Answer:
Anaerobic organisms

(ii) Accumulation of ………………….. causes stiffness in muscles.
Answer:
Lactic acid

(iii) Our breathing rate ………………… when we do exercise or work hard.
Answer:
Increases

(iv) The leaves of plants use ……………….. for the exchange of gases.
Answer:
Stomata

(v) Fishes breathe through …………………..
Answer:
Gills

2. Match the Column ‘I’ with Column ‘II’:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
(a) Yeast	(i) Earthworm
(b) Diaphragm	(ii) Gills
(c) Skin	(iii) Alcohol
(d) Leaves	(iv) Chest Cavity
(e) Fish	(v) Stomata
(f) Frog	(vi) Lungs and skin

Answer:

Column ‘I’	Column ‘II’
(a) Yeast	(iii) Alcohol
(b) Diaphragm	(iv) Chest Cavity
(c) Skin	(i) Earthworm
(d) Leaves	(v) Stomata
(e) Fish	(vi) Gills
(f) Frog	(vii) Lungs and skin

3. Choose the Correct Answer:

Question (i)
Which one of the following is an anaerobic organism ?
(a) Cow
(b) Yeast
(c) Frog
(d) Butterfly.
Answer:
(b) Yeast.

Question (ii)
The percentage of CO₂ in exhaled air is:
(a) 0.4%
(b) 4%
(c) 4.4%
(d) 14.4%.
Answer:
(c) 4.4%.

Question (iii)
The products of anaerobic respiration are:
(a) Carbohydrate and O₂
(b) Ethylalcohol and CO₂
(c) Carbohydrate and CO₂
(d) Ethylalcohol and O₂
Answer:
(b) Ethylalcohol and CO₂

Question (iv)
Respiratory organs of fish are:
(a) Skin
(b) Lungs
(c) Gills
(d) Stomata.
Answer:
(c) Gills.

Question (v)
Plants carry out photosynthesis only during:
(a) Night
(b) Day
(c) Day and Night
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Day

Question (vi)
Respiratory organs of frog are:
(a) Lungs and Skin
(b) Gills
(c) Only skin
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Lungs and Skin.

Question (vii)
The Vital biological system of organisms is:
(a) Digestion
(b) Reproduction
(c) Excretion
(d) Respiration.
Answer:
(d) Respiration.

Question (viii)
Which organism uses more than one organ for respiration?
(a) Fish
(b) Cockroach
(c) Human
(d) Frog.
Answer:
(d) Frog.

Question (ix)
Air enters ¡n the body of cockroach:
(a) Through lungs
(b) Through gilds
(e) Through spricales
(d) Through skin.
Answer:
(e) Through spricals.

4. State True or False:

(i) During heavy exercise the breathing rate of a person slows down.
Answer:
False

(ii) Plants carry out photosynthesis only during the day and respiration only at night.
Answer:
False

(iii) Frogs breathe through their apart from skin.
Answer:
True

(iv) The fishes have lungs for respiration.
Answer:
False

(v) The size of the chest cavity increases during inhalation.
Answer:
True

Very Short Answer Type Qucstions

Question 1.
Name the energy giving processes.
Answer:
Nutrition and respiration.

Question 2.
What are the end products of aerobic respiration ?
Answer:
Carbon dioxide, water and energy.

Question 3.
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration ?
Answer:
Ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH) and carbon dioxide (CO₂).

Question 4.
Define breathing.
Answer:
Breathing. The process by which organisms take oxygen from environment and release carbon dioxide, is called breathing.

Question 5.
What are the two main processes in respiration ?
Answer:
The two main processes in respiration are:
(i) Breathing i.e. taking in O₂ and giving out CO₂.
(ii) Using O₂ in the cells (internal respiration).

Question 6.
What are anaerobes ?
Answer:
Anaerobes. Organisms which can survive in absence of free air are called anaerobes.

Question 7.
Give an example of anaerobe.
Answer:
Yeast.

Question 8.
What is cellular respiration ?
Answer:
Cellular respiration. Respiration taking place in living cells is called cellular respiration.

Question 9.
Which functions of cell need energy ?
Answer:
Nutrition, transport, excretion, reproduction.

Question 10.
What is the reason of cramps in legs ?
Answer:
Formation of lactic acid.

Question 11.
How can the muscles of legs be relieved ?
Answer:
By massaging or taking hot water bath.

Question 12.
When does breathing rate increase ?
Answer:
During exercise or running.

Question 13.
What is diaphragm ?
Answer:
Diaphragm. It is a large muscular sheet forming the floor of chest cavity.

Question 14.
What happens to chest cavity during inhalation ?
Answer:
During inhalation, the space in chest cavity increases.

Question 15.
When does the space in chest cavity decrease ?
Answer:
During exhalation.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is anaerobic respiration ?
Answer:
Anaerobic respiration. Some cells like bacteria and yeast release energy by breaking down glucose into ethyl alcohol and CO₂ in the absence of oxygen. This process is called anaerobic respiration.

Question 2.
What are stomata ? Give two functions of stomata.
Answer:
Stomata. These are the small holes (pores) present on the lower surface of leaves. It is guarded by two kidney-shaped guard cells. The light affects its opening.
Functions. (i) Exchange of gases, (ii) Control of transpiration.

Question 3.
Explain respiration in plants.
Answer:
Respiration in plants. Plants, during the process of photosynthesis, give off oxygen which is utilized during respiration.
Stomata are the openings located on the lower surface of the leaves which are guarded by two kidney-shaped guard cells. Through stomatal opening exchange of gases takes place.

Question 4.
Is respiration the same as breathing ?
Answer:
Resiration and breathing are not the same processes. During respiration oxidation of food occurs along with the release of energy. It is purely a chemical process. Breathing is purely a physical process. It mainly occurs by inhalation and exhalation. In breathing simply exchange of gases occurs, where O₂ is drawn in and carbon dioxide is thrown out.

Question 5.
Give chemical equation for Aerobic respiration.
Answer:
Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon dioxide + Water + energy.
C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + Energy

Question 6.
Give an account of movement of ribs during inhalation and exhalation processes.
Answer:
Movement of Ribs

During inhalation. Ribs move up and outwards to increase space in chest cavity.
During exhalation. Ribs move down and inwards to decrease space in chest cavity.

Question 7.
Describe the importance of respiration in plants. .
Answer:
Importance of respiration in plants. During respiration the energy rich foodstuffs (glucose and fructose) are changed into water and carbon dioxide accompanied by the release of usable energy which is necessary for the sustenance of plant life. The carbon dioxide so released is made use of in the manufacture of food by the plant during the process of photosynthesis.

Question 8.
Give an account of respiration in fishes.
Answer:
Respiration in fishes. Fishes live in water and breathe through gills which is their breathing organ. Fishes take in water through their mouth and force is out through the gills. In gills water and blood flow in opposite direction to increase diffusion of oxygen.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms 2

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Show by an experiment that CO₂ is present in the exhaled air.
Answer:
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms 3
We can prove by the following experiment that CO₂ is present in the exhaled air:
Experiment. Set up the apparatus as shown in the figure. Exhale air through your mouth into the tube provided for this purpose. You will notice that the lime water is kept in test B. Through which exhaled air is passing has turned milky.

On the other hand, test tube A through which exhaled air is not passing has shown slight milkiness due to atmosphere air entering from the side tube. It proves that carbon dioxide is present in exhaled air which has turned lime water present in test tube B milky and milkiness is due to the formation of calcium carbonate in the figure.
PSEB 7th Class Science Solutions Chapter 10 Respiration in Organisms 4

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software

January 20, 2024January 19, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Hardware and Software Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2)

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Hardware and Software Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The computer is a combination of hardware and …………….
(a) Software
(b) Application
(c) Processor
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(a) Software

Question 2.
Set of instructions is called ……………..
(a) Software
(b) Hardware
(c) Program
(d) Application.
Answer:
(c) Program

Question 3.
Group of programs is called …………….
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Processor
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Software

Question 4.
Software is of types ………………
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5.
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 5.
Computer cannot work without ……………..
(a) Word
(b) Excel
(c) Operating System
(d) PowerPoint.
Answer:
(c) Operating System.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which part of CPU connects the other parts like Processor, Hard Disk, RAM etc. ?
Answer:
Motherboard.

Question 2.
What we call a set of instructions given to a computer ?
Answer:
Program.

Question 3.
Which part of computer cannot be touched but felt ?
Answer:
Software.

Question 4.
What are two types of Software ?
Answer:
The two types of software are : system software and application software.

Question 5.
Which type of softwares is more expensive ?
Answer:
System software are more expensive.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Hardware?
Answer:
The Physical components of a computer are called hardware. Each device in itself is a hardware. These devices are three-dimensional in nature, they can be touched and they have weight.

Question 2.
What is Software?
Answer:
Software is a set of instructions or programs which are used to make a computer functional. Physically software is a collection of programs. These programs are made for various purposes. This software is normally stored on a secondary storage device.

Question 3.
Write the name of devices which are connected with the motherboard.
Answer:
Devices connected to the motherboard are given below :

Hard Drive
Video Card
Processor
Fan
RAM
Power Supply
CD/DVD Drive

Question 4.
Give four examples of Hardware.
Answer:
Four examples of hardware are : Keyboard, Mouse, Central Processing Unit and Monitor.

Question 5.
What are the qualities or features of Software?
Answer:
Following are the main features of software :

Software have no weight.
We cannot touch software.
A software makes a hardware functional.
Software is stored on hardware.

Question 6.
Explain the important points for taking care of hardware.
Answer:
Following things should be kept in mind while using the hardware :

Keep all the parts of the computer clean.
Cover it after use.
Do not pull cables or computer parts.
Press keyboard keys gently.
Do not eat in the computer room.
Keep Hardware in the proper manner.
Keep your shoes outside the computer lab.
Handle different parts of the computer in a proper way.
Use soft cloth or a brush to clean the computer.
Do not clean the equipment while the computer is turned on.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the difference between Application Software and System Software.
Answer:
The main differences between application software and system software are :

System Software:

It.is necessary for functioning of computer.
This software is complex in nature.
System software are costly.
This software is developed by highly experienced person only.
Computer cannot work without system software.
System software are bigger in size.
Examples of system software are : Operating Systems, Language translator etc.

Application Software:

Application software is not necessary for functioning of computer.
Application software is not as complex as system software.
Application software are not costly.
This software can be developed by experienced person.
Computer can work without application software.
Application software are normally smaller in size.
Examples of application software are : Word processor, Spread¬sheet, Graphic Solution etc.

Question 2.
Write a note on Hardware.
Answer:
Hardware are the physical components of a computer system. It includes all the physical components which can be touched and which can be seen. Examples of some hardware are keyboard, mouse, printer, monitor and CPU. Different types of hardware devices are used for different purposes :

Features of Hardware:
Following are the features of hardware :

Hardware can be touched and felt.
Hardware occupies space.
Hardware has weight.

There are different types of hardware used for computer systems :
1. System Unit:
The system unit is also known as the Central Processing Unit of computer system. This unit acts on the brain of the computer. It includes the essential components such as motherboard, processor, RAM, Hard Disk, CD ROM etc. Normally these devices are packed in a metallic or plastic case known as a system case or cabinet.

2. Motherboard:
Motherboard is a board which holds all the components together. This board is also known as a printed circuit board. All the components of the computer system are connected to this directly or using some wire.

The main components that are (Connected to the motherboard are :
(а) Hard Drive : Hard drive or hard disk is the main storage device of a computer. It is used to store data permanently the main software like operating systems are also placed on this hard disk.

(b) Video Card : This card is used to display the output properly on a monitor.

(c) Processor : Processor processes all the instructions given to the computer. It performs all the Arithmetic and logical unit operations. It controls all the activities of the computer also.

(d) Fan : The computer gets heated when it is used. So a fan is placed in the CPU to keep it cool.

(e) RAM : RAM is the primary memory of computers. It is also known as Random Access Memory. All the data and instructions are loaded in this
memory before processing. This memory is a volatile type of memory. It means the data gets lost when the computer is switched off. The computer cannot work without Random Access Memory.

(f) Power Supply : This unit is responsible for giving power to all the components of the computer.
(g) CD/DVD : This device is used to play, read and record the data and instructions on CD or DVD.

Group Activity

1. Put the following terms into their relevant type:
Floppy Disk
MS Word
MS Paint
Monitor
Keyboard

Answer:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 15

Hard Disk
CD
Mouse
MS Excel
Operating System
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 7
Answer:

Question 2.
Take the students to computer lab in a group. Make a list of hardware and software parts present in the lab. Put a tick before the parts which are present in your lab given in a list below:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 11
Answer:
The answers of this activity are based on a normal computer lab in the schools.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Hardware and Software Important Questions and Answers

Question 1.
Physical components of Computer are called ……………
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Liveware
(d) System.
Answer:
(a) Hardware

Question 2.
…………… cannot he touched …………….
(a) Hardware
(b) Software
(c) Liveware
(d) System.
Answer:
(b) Software

Question 3.
Computer can operate without software ……………
(a) System
(b) Application
(c) Word
(d) Notepad.
Answer:
(b) Application

Question 4.
System software is of types …………….
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 1.
Answer:
(a) 2.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Name the two types of software.
Answer:
System Software and Application Software.

Question 2.
Which part connects all the Internal parts of Computer ?
Answer:
Motherboard.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Discuss the features of Hardware.
Answer:

Following are the features of hardware :

Hardware can be touched and felt.
Hardware occupies space.
Hardware has weight.

Question 1.
What System Unit?
Answer:
The system unit is also known as the Central Processing Unit of computer system. This unit acts as the brain of the computer. It includes the essential components such as motherboard, processor, RAM, hard disk, CD-ROM etc. Normally these devices are packed in a metallic or plastic case known as a system case or cabinet.

Question 2.
What is System Software ?
Answer:
System software can be defined as a set of programs which are necessary for functioning of the computer itself. This program directly contacts the computer hardware and gets the work done from that hardware. Without a system software computer cannot work. System software helps to read the data from input devices and transfer the processed information to output devices. This software acts like a computer manager of computer.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain different types of Software.
Answer:
Softwares are of two types:

System software
Application Software

System Software:
System Software is defined as a collection of programs that controls the overall operation and internal working of the computer system. It reads data from input devices and transfers the processed information to output devices. It works like a manager. It is an important part of computer. A Computer can never be used without System Softwares. e.g. Operating System, Utility Program, Language Translator. It is difficult to design system software. System Softwares are developed by experts only
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 4

Application Software:
These type of software are used for some particular operations. There are several types of Application softwares available now a days. Each one of them are having their own application areas. These type of softwares can be used for beautifying the documents, making calculations, arranging data in an organized way. System software is the need of every computer but application software can be different for different computers. It is an non-essential part of computer hence it depends upon the need of the user. These are also called general purpose software. e.g. Spread Sheet Software, Word Processor, Graphic Software
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 5

Question 2.
What is Motherboard ? Explain its parts.
Answer:
Motherboard : The motherboard is a PCB (Printed Circuit Board) which is used to connect all the internal parts of computer. We can see a motherboard in the diagram shown below:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 6 Hardware and Software - 3

Some of the components that are connected with motherboard are:

Hard Drive : Hard drive Or Hard Disk is the main storage media device that permanently stores all data on the computer.
Video Card : The video card is a device in a computer that outputs visual information to the monitor.
Processor : Processor carries out the instructions of a computer program by performing the basic arithmetical, logical, control operations of the system.
FAN : Every computer has a cooling fan designed primarily to prevent the CPU from overheating.
RAM : Ram is known as Random Access Memory. This is a Main Memory of Computer which is considered as Primary memory. All the data and instructions are loaded in this primary area of computer before processing. This memory is volatile and all information that was stored in this memory is lost when the computer is turned off.
Power Supply : The component that supplies power to a computer.
CD/DVD : A disc that store large amounts of data.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2)

January 20, 2024January 19, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2)

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB MS Paint (Part-2) Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The clipboard menu has three options—Cut, Copy and …………..
(a) Paste
(b) Move
(c) Close
(d) Zoom
Answer:
(a) Paste

Question 2.
The top button, a diamond shape with a line through it is …………..
(a) Paste
(b) Cut
(c) Copy
(d) Crop.
Answer:
(d) Crop

Question 3.
The ………….. tool can be used to draw pentagon.
(a) Triangle
(b) Rectangle
(c) Pentagon
(d) Hexagon
Answer:
(c) Pentagon

Question 4.
The Eraser tool erase the part of a picture with the ………….. button of the mouse pressed.
(a) Left
(b) Right
(c) Scroll
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Left

Question 5.
Color 2 is used if we press with the mouse button.
(a) Left
(b) Right
(c) Scroll
(d) None of these
Answer:
(b) Right.

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which tool is used to draw a Square ?
Answer:
Rectangle tool.

Question 2.
Which tool can be used to erase a part of picture ?
Answer:
Eraser.

Question 3.
Which tool allows us for zoom-in our picture ?
Answer:
Zoom.

Question 4.
Which tool is used for free-hand writing ?
Answer:
Pencil.

Question 5.
Which tool can be used to write text in our drawing ?
Answer:
Text tool.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the options available in the Clipboard Menu ?
Answer:
The options available in clipboard menu are : cut, copy and paste.

Question 2.
Write about Crop option.
Answer:
The Crop option is used to crop or cut a part of a picture. The crop button is a diamond shape with the line at the top type button. This button helps us to crop our picture to the selected area only.

Question 3.
Write the name of tools available in Tools Menu.
Answer:
Following tools are available in MS Paint tool menu :

Pencil
Filled with color
Text tool
Eraser
Color picker
The magnifier.

Question 4.
What is size tool ?
Answer:
The size tool allows the user to select the width of a brush or a shape. This tool is active only when a brush or shape is chosen. After selecting a brush or shape the user can shape the brush.

Question 5.
Write about brushes.
Answer:
Brushes are like order brushes. They give the same effect as the ordinary brushes give. There are different types of brushes available in MS Paint. The width of Brush can be changed with size tool.

Question 6.
Give the name of groups present there in the home tab ribbon.
Answer:
Calling groups are available in home tab ribbon :

Clipboard
Image
Tools
Brushes
Shapes
Size
Color.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain the color tool of MS Paint.
Answer:
The Color section of the ribbon has three parts :

Boxes; showing the active colors-Color 1 and Color 2
The Color Palette
The Edit Colors button.

1. Color Box :
Color 1 : Color 1 is the Foreground Color and is always black when we open Paint.
Color 2 : Color 2 is the Background Color and is always white when we open Paint.

2. The Color Palette :
The two top lines of the Color Palette show all the colors available. Whenever we are making a picture. The line of blank squares at the bottom shows those colors we have edited during our work. Once Paint is closed, the edited colors vanish away.

3. Edit Colors :
The Edit Colors button takes us into the Edit Colors dialog box. We can click any color on an extended palette and click the Add to Custom Colors button.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 4
Here only one color will be added to the squares under the palette. To add more colors, we must return to the dialog box and add them one at a time.

Question 2.
What is Text Tool ? How to Format the text ?
Answer:
The Text tool is used to insert any text :
To begin inserting text, click on the text tool. Our cursor will change to an insertion bar. With this cursor we can draw the required size of area for texts. We must not click anywhere outside that area until our text is final from all aspects. When we are using the Text Tool then the Text Toolbar starts appearing.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 15

Formatting the Text :

Select the text we have typed.
Click the down arrow at the end of the Font Name box, so that a list of fonts drops down.
Run your cursor-without pressing any mouse buttons—up and down in the font list. As we do this, the appearance of the text we have typed will change accordingly. When we like what we see, click on the name of that font.
The font list will close.
We can repeat this process with the Font Size list also.
We can also click the Background from Transparent to Opaque or vice versa.
We can change both Color 1 and Color 2.

We can also type text in different colors, fonts and size, in the same text box. When we are making changes, only selected text will be affected. When we have completed editing of text, we can click anywhere outside of your text box. After clicking away from the text box, the Text Toolbar disappears and the text becomes part of our picture. Now, it cannot be edited in any way.

Activity

Name the following tools :
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 13
Answer:

Pencil
Fill with Color
Text
Eraser
Color Picker
Magnifier.

Name the following Shapes:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 14
Answer:

Triangle
Rectangle
Oval
Pentagon
Hexagon
Diamond.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide MS Paint (Part-2) Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Home tab ribbon is below ………….
(a) Menu Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Work Area
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(a) Menu Bar

Question 2.
…………. is used to earse image
(a) Color
(b) Select
(c) Eraser
(d) Pencil.
Answer:
(c) Eraser

Question 3.
Crop button is of shape ………….
(a) Diamond
(b) Pentagon
(c) Square
(d) Rectangle
Answer:
(a) Diamond

Question 4.
Pentagon has ……………… sides.
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6
Answer:
(c) 5

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What options are available in clipboard ?
Answer:
Cut, Copy and Paste.

Question 2.
What options are available in Selection ?
Answer:
Crop, Resize and Rotate Flip.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Fill with Colour ?
Answer:
A closed region can be filled with some colour using Fill with colour command.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
When we need free form selection ?
Answer:
Free form selection is used when we have to select a region without selecting shapes around this region.

Question 2.
Write about crop option ?
Answer:
The top most button in selection option is crop button. It is used to cut the image as per requirement.

Question 3.
What does Invert Colour option do ?
Answer:
Invert colour option helps to create white text in black coloured marks. With this the text look beautiful.

Question 4.
How does pencil tool work ?
Answer:
Pencil tool is used to draw free hand lines. It can also be used to edit text in zoomed position.

Question 5.
Write about magnifier tool.
Answer:
Magnifier tool is used to zoom in the picture. The picture can be view from near using this tool.

Question 6.
What is Home Tab Ribbon ?
Answer:
Home Tab Ribbon is main ribbon in MS Paint. It is available below the menu bar. It contains group clip board, images, tools, brushes, shapes, size and color.

Question 7.
What are the parts of Home Tab Ribbon ?
Answer:
The main parts of Home tab ribbon are clipboard, images, tools, brushes, size and color menu. . .

Question 8.
Name the tools available in Tools Menu.
Answer:
Following tools are available in tools menu:

Pencil
Fill with color
Text tool
Eraser
Color Picker
Magnifier
Brushes.

Question 9.
What is size tool?
Answer;
Size tool is that tool which is used to change the size of brush.

Question 10.
What are brushes?
Answer:
Brushes are used to draw brush like effects in the drawing. They can be of varied width.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain View Tab Ribbon ?
Answer:
The following section explains the View Tab Ribbon. It has three main options: Zoom, Show or hide and Display. Zooming in and out can be used alone or in conjunction with the Zoom Tool on the Ribbon or the slider on the Status Bar. Zoom in and Zoom out tools can be clicked repeatedly to get a closer or more distant view. The 100% option brings us back to normal view of the picture.

Zoom:
Zooming in and out can be used alone or in conjunction with the Zoom Tool on the Ribbon or the slider on the Status Bar. Zoom in and Zoom out tools can be clicked repeatedly to get a closer or more distant view. The 100% option brings us back to normal view of the picture.

Show or Hide:
This portion of the View Tab Ribbon includes:

The Show or Hide option for the status bar. The status bar is very useful while drawing pictures precisely.
Gridlines are convenient if we want to align shapes accurately.
Rulers can be turned on or off as per our requirement.

Display:
On the Display section, we can click for Full Screen View. We can also get a Full Screen View by hitting F11. We can come back to a normal view by pressing the Esc key.

Thumbnail is active only when we are zoomed in. It helps us seeing how changes, we have made are affecting our picture in normal view.

Question 2.
Explain color section on Home Tab Ribbon.
Answer:
The Color section of the ribbon has three parts: Boxes; showing the active colors-Color 1 and Color2, the Color Palette and the Edit Colors button

The Color Boxes:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 1
Color 1 is the Foreground Color and is always black when we open Paint.
Color 2 is the Background Color and is always white when we open Paint.

The Color Palette : The two top lines of the Color Palette show all the colors available whenever we are making a picture. The line of blank squares at the bottom shows those colors, we have edited during our work. Once Paint is closed, the edited colors vanish away.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 2
Edit Colors :
The Edit Colors button takes us into the Edit Colors dialogue box

The Edit Colors dialogue box is shown in figure below:

Here we can click any color on an extended palette and click the Add to Custom Colors button. Here only one color will be added to the squares under the palette. To add more colors, we must return to the dialogue box and add them one at a time.

Question 3.
Write about resize and skew options.
Answer:
Resize and Skew :
The second small button to the right of the large Select button will open the Resize and Skew dialogue as shown in figure below.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 5

Resize :
We can quickly resize a selection by dragging any of the little blocks-or handles-on the selection rectangle. However, if we want the size adjustment to be precise, we must use the Resize and Skew dialogue box. When we click the Resize icon, the dialog box appears as shown in figure below.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 6
Only the top half of this dialogue is concerned with resizing

Note : While the option Maintain aspect ratio is checked, whatever we type into the Horizontal slot will be repeated in Vertical and our selection will stay exactly in proportion. We can remove the check if we want the selection to be fatter or thinner.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 7

Skew : The bottom part of the Resize and Skew dialogue box allow us to skew our selection. When we use this option, it makes our selection include a lot of border area to avoid having part of the picture cut off. If this does happen, click Undo and make a wider selection before trying again.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 8
This blue box is skewed 20 degrees horizontally. We can skew a selection both horizontally and vertically

Question 4.
Explain Shapes in detail.
Answer:
In the Shapes Gallery several tools like Rectangles, Rounded Rectangles Ellipses and Freehand Polygons, the Line Tool and the Curved Line Tool can be seen. There are number of other shapes such as arrows, speech balloons, various stars and others are also included.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 9
We can open the Shapes Gallery by clicking the down arrow under the Shapes picture and click the shape we want to draw,

1. Straight Lines : Straight lines can be drawn while the left mouse button is pressed and will usç Color 1. these drawn with the right button will use Color 2. Line wifl be perfectly straight, If we hold down the Shift key while drawing a line. Ellipses, Rectangles, Circles and Squares If we want to draw an exact shape such as a square or a circle, hold the Shift key while we draw.

2. Curved Lines : Click the Curved Line button to draw a curve. Click the Outline button and choose Solid Color or a texture of your choice. Then click under the Size picture and choose a line thickness.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 11

Ellipses, Rectangles, Circles and Squares : If we want to draw an exact shape such as a square or a circle, hold the Shift key while we draw.

Freehand Polygons : To draw a freehand polygon, click the Polygon button in the gallery. Hold a mouse button down and draw the first line of the polygon. Then release your mouse button and click where you want the next line to end. Keep clicking end points until you want the last line to finish the shape, then double click
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 5 MS Paint (Part-2) - 12

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint

January 20, 2024January 19, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction To Ms Paint Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Introduction to MS Paint Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The bar is present at the top of the paint window.
(a) Title Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Scroll Bar
(d) Task Bar
Answer:
(a) Title bar

Question 2.
toolbar present in title bar by default. Its position can be changed either to below or above the ribbon.
(a) Quick access bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Scroll Bar
(d) All of these
Answer:
(a) Quick access bar

Question 3.
The first on the left of the Menu Bar is the …………. Button.
(a) Paint
(b) Help
(c) Close
(d) Minimize
Answer:
(a) Paint

Question 4.
Scroll Bar is used to move the screen. It is of ………….. types.
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(a) 2

Question 5.
With the help of option we can Save a Copy of picture with another file name.
(a) Save as
(b) Open
(c) New
(d) Exit.
Answer:
(a) Save as

2. Write the Shortcut Keys for following

To create a NEW file ……………………
To OPEN an existing file ……………………
To SAVE a file ……………………
To PRINT a file ……………………
UNDO ……………………
REDO or REPEAT ……………………

Answer:

Control + N
Control + O
Control + S
Control + P
Control + Z
Control + Y.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is paint?
Answer:
Paint is an application software developed by Microsoft. It is used to draw paintings and shapes especially by children. It is provided free of cost by Microsoft with Microsoft Windows.

Question 2.
How to start the MS Paint?
Answer:
Paint can be started by clicking on the start button and then going to programs -> accessories and then clicking Microsoft paint.

Question 3.
Write the names of parts of windows of paint.
Answer:
The different parts of paint window are :

Title bar
Menu bar
Ribbon
Quick access bar
Work area
Scroll bar.

Question 4.
What is work area?
Answer:
Work area is a white area in the middle of the paint window. This area is used for drawing purposes. All the drawing work and shapes are drawn in this area. Whatever is placed in this area can be saved in an image file.

Question 5.
Explain the use of Save Command.
Answer:
The save command is used to save the drawing prepared by the user. It saves the drawing as an image file in various formats.

Question 6.
What are the types of scroll bars ?
Answer:
There are two types of scroll bars:

Horizontal scroll bar
Vertical scroll bar.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Quick Access Toolbar? Explain its parts.
Answer:
Quick access toolbar is a toolbar present in the title bar of the paint window. By default this bar contains save undo, redo and customise quick access bar commands. This command can be changed as per requirement. This bar can also be moved from the title bar to below the ribbon. To move the quick access toolbar below the ribbon, the customise quick access toolbar button is clicked. After clicking the button the command shown below the Ribbon is clicked , to display the quick access bar below the ribbon. The user can also click on the various commands given in this menu to display them on the quick access toolbar.

Question 2.
Define Home Tab Ribbon.
Answer:
Home Tab Ribbon :
All tools, shapes, colour palette and most of the commands are grouped together in the ribbon except Save, Undo and Redo commands which are shown at title bar or in the Quick Access Toolbar. Drop down arrows below each item in the ribbon will give us other options for the tool. Most of the tools used for drawing or other tasks are present in Home Tab Ribbon. There is also an option to minimize the ribbon. If we choose this, the ribbon disappears entirely, but pops into view if you click on the Home tab.

Activity

Let’s revise what we have studied. Write the name of Parts of Microsoft Paint Window.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 10
Answer:

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Introduction to MS Paint Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Scroll bar is of ………… types
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4.
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 2.
Drawing is made in ………….
(a) Ribbon
(b) Tab
(c) Work Area
(d) Title bar.
Answer:
(c) Work Area

Question 3.
………….. is at the top of Paint Window.
(a) Status bar
(b) Title bar
(c) Menu bar
(d) Ribbon.
Answer:
(b) Title bar

Question 4.
Commands are in …………… button.
(a) Minimize
(b) Paint
(c) Close
(d) Status bar.
Answer:
(b) Paint

2. Write the Full Forms

1. For Help
2. Close Paint.
Answer:
1. F1
2. Alt + F4.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Quick Access Toolbar?
Answer:
Quick access toolbar is that toolbar which contains most frequently used commands.

Question 2.
Which option is used to remove commands from quick access toolbar?
Answer:
Remove from Quick Access Toolbar.

Question 3.
What is paint button?
Answer:
The button which is on left side of File Menu is called Paint button. It contains various commands.

Question 4.
For what purpose scroll bar is used?
Answer:
Scroll bar is used to scroll the work area in Paint window.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Paint button ? Explain Commands in it.
Answer:
Paint Button :
This Button appeared at the beginning of Menu bar. When we click on this button and the following Menu Appears.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 1
Here we can see some new commands which are discussed in table shown below:

Question 2.
What is status bar ? Explain its parts.
Answer:
The Status Bar is present at the bottom of the Paint Window. It gives information and current status of our drawing. We’ll look at its features from left to right.

Cursor Position : It gives the Cursor Position, which is helpful when we want to position any picture precisely
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 3
Selection Size : It shows the size of a selection we are making or size of an object we are drawing.

Image Size : It shows the size of our entire picture, even if the picture is very large and is not visible completely in the window. If we have not changed the units in the Properties dialogue box, the measurement will be displayed in pixels. We can change the measurement to inches or centimetres.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 5
Disk Size : Once we have saved our picture, this option will show the size or drawingon Disk. If paint window is very small, this figure might not be shown.

Zoom Slider : The Zoom Slider is convenient if we are working in a zoomed-in view and want to zoom out. However, we cannot zoom in on a particular spot, as we can do with the Magnifier
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 7

Question 3.
How the work is saved in Paint ?
Answer:
It is good to save our picture as soon as we begin to work. We must click on the Save button on the Quick Access Toolbar every few minutes. This prevents loss of work if the program closes unexpectedly, as in a power failure. When we click the Save for the first time, we will find a dialogue box where we have to type a name for the picture. Type a desired name in the file name text box and click the Save button.

Save as:
With the help of Save as option we can Save a Copy of picture with another file name. Go to the Paint button and open the menu.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 4 Introduction to MS Paint - 8
Click Save as

In the dialogue box, just change the existing name then click the Save button.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers

January 20, 2024January 19, 2024 by Prasanna

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Computer Book Solutions Chapter 3 Basics of Working with Computers Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Computer Science Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers

Computer Guide for Class 6 PSEB Basics Of Working With Computers Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Screen appeared after login of Computer is called:
(a) Start Menu
(b) Desktop
(c) Taskbar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(b) Desktop

Question 2.
All the Deleted files go to?
(a) My Computer
(b) Network
(c) Recycle bin
(d) All of above.
Answer:
(c) Recycle bin

Question 3.
Which part of window remains visible all the time when we use other applications?
(a) Recycle bin
(b) Desktop
(c) Taskbar
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Taskbar

Question 4.
Which one is an example of Operating System?
(a) Windows
(b) Android.
(c) DOS
(d) Ail of above.
Answer:
(d) All of adove

Question 5.
To open a file we can double click on:
(a) File itself
(b) Shortcut of file
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(c) Both (a) and (b).

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Write the name of any three window applications.
Answer:
The three window based applications are:

Notepad
Wordpad
Calculator.

Question 2.
Write the name of any three Icons.
Answer:
The names of three icons are:

My computer
Network
Recycle Bin

Question 3.
Write the names of components of a Desktop.
Answer:
The Components of Desktop are icon, taskbar and wallpaper.

Question 4.
What is Desktop?
Answer:
Desktop is a screen which is displayed on the monitor after the user logs in to the computer. It is just like the dashboard of the computer. It may contain an icon on Taskbar and wallpaper.

3. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Operating System? Explain different types of Operating Systems.
Answer:
Operating system is a system software without which a computer cannot work. IT acts as an interface between the hardware and the user. Each computer has an operating system installed on it. Operating system is displayed in the form of screens, menus, dialogue box, icons and widgets etc.

Definition of Operating System:
An Operating System is an interface between a computer user and computer hardware. It makes computer hardware work by controlling all the internal processes of the computer. There are many types of operating system. Each operating system is developed for different types of machines. Each operating system has a different set of commands and it understands the machine architecture very well.

1. Windows:
Windows is an operating system developed by Microsoft. It. is a graphical user interface. It means it is easy to work with pointing devices such as mice in windows. Most of the computers in this world are using windows operating systems. Everything is displayed in a rectangular frame on the screen in this operating system. That is by which operating system is named as windows. It is the most popular operating system in the world.

2. DOS:
DOS stands for Disc Operating System. This operating system is also developed by Microsoft. It is a character user interface operating system. This operating system is not very powerful. The user types commands to instruct the computer. This operating system was used on computers with small memory and low speed hardware. The user has to remember a lot of commands to work in it. That is why it was difficult to work in this operating system. Also the user cannot do a variety of work simultaneously in this operating system.

3. Android:
The Android operating system is one of the latest operating systems in digital word. It is the operating system which is used in mobile phones. This operating system was developed by Google. This operating system is developed for devices which have touchscreen in them. It provides a very beautiful and convenient interface which can be used by finger touch. The user can do the tasks like pinching, swiping and typing. Now the Android operating system is also used in televisions, cars, wrist watches and many other digital devices. Each of these devices have different user interfaces.

Question 2.
What is a Taskbar ? Explain the functions of its parts.
Answer:
Taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen. This bar is a part of the Operating System. It allows us to start a program using the Start menu. This bar always remains visible during working in any application. We can navigate through Active programs using the taskbar. The area on the right side of the taskbar is called “Notification Area”. This area allows us to check date and time, items running in the background etc.

The taskbar was first introduced with Microsoft Windows 95 and is found in all subsequent versions of Windows. We can have a look of taskbar and its all parts as under :
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All these parts of the taskbar are having their own functions. Let’s discuss the use of each one of them. It. has a logo of windows on it. It is the first item on Taskbar. Its icon is :

Start Button : We can start any application and program with the help of the Start button.
Quick Launch Bar : This section of the taskbar enables us to launch programs without locating them from the Start menu. It is located next to the Start button.
System Tray : It is located at the right side of Taskbar. It contains miniature icons for easy access to system functions such as fax, printer, modem, volume etc.
Notification Area : This area is a part of the taskbar that provides notifications and status of devices. It can also be used to display icons for system and program features that are not on the desktop.
Clock : At the end of taskbar, Clock is displayed where Current Time and Date can be seen. We can change Time and Date by clicking on it. It requires Administration access to change the Time or Date.
Active Programs : This area of taskbar is between quick access bar and System Tray area. In this area of taskbar, all the active programs appeared as an icon and we can easily navigate among them.

Question 3.
What do you mean by Icon ? Explain any three Desktop Icons.
Answer:
Icons are the small pictures on the desktop. These icons represent a file or a program or folder on the computer. The user has to click on this icon to open.dat file or program. The following types of icons are available on Windows desktop.

1. My Computer:
This icon is used to assess the hard disc of the computer. This icon opens a window on the computer screen which displays all the hard disks attached to the computer and other removable media such as pen drives or CDs. The user can work in this window, no

2. Network:
This icon is used to connect to the network location attached to this computer system. This icon is used when the computer is connected to a local area. This icon displays icons of all the computer systems which are connected to users’ computers through Local area networks. The user can go to the other computer and work on files.

3. Recycle Bin:
Recycle Bin is a folder which works like a dustbin. In this folder contains all the deleted files folder icons on the computer. When anything is not required on the computer system the user can delete that item. That item is shifted to the recycle bin folder. If the user deletes an item accidentally he can restore that item from the recycle bin.

Question 4.
Explain the different options of shutting down a Computer System. ’
Answer:
Windows provide following shutting down options:
1. Sleep:
Sleep means letting the computer system to sleep without shutting it down. This option menu can be used when we want to leave a computer for some time. During this mode, the power of Monitor/LCD gets OFF and all your data is kept safe. When we put a computer into sleep mode then its power remains ON and its power light starts blinking. This blinking Red-Colour LED on the CPU shows that the computer is in sleep Mode. We can press the power button to resume the computer from this mode.

2. Shut Down:
Shut down means stopping all the processes which the computer is running.This option of Power menu can be used when we have finished all our work. When we shut-down a computer, all parts of computer systems are turned off and no power remains active in the Computer System. We can switch off the main power-supply of the computer when it is shut down. This process can take some time and we must wait till it is over. This process may take time according to the size of data being used and number of programs currently running.

3. Log Off:
Logging off means the process of disconnecting the current user from working and taking the user to the login screen. Windows 7 allows us to access a computer differently among users. We can keep our data secure from other users with the help of user accounts in it. If we have finished our work and want to leave a computer but another user is there to access the same computer for own work in a different user account then we can use the Log-off option of Power Menu.

4. Restart:
Restart means shutting down the computer and then starting it again by the computer itself. This option of power menu can be used when any new program is installed or any updation in the system is done. Sometimes when a new device or hardware is attached to the computer, it is required to restart our computer. In such a case, we can use the restart option of the Power menu to shut down our computer and start it again. When the restart button is pressed then the computer automatically gets started after being shut-down.

Activity
Name the Following Icons:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers - 1
Answer:

Notepad
MS Paint
Calculator
My Computer
Network
Recycle bin
Start button.

PSEB 6th Class Computer Guide Basics of Working with Computers Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
The Primary screen (first to open) of computer is called
(a) My Network
(b) Icon
(c) Desktop
(d) Recycle Bin.
Answer:
(c) Desktop

Question 2.
The bar lying at the bottom of the desktop is called
(a) Title Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Task Bar
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(c) Task Bar

Question 3.
The bar present at the top of the window is called
(a) Title Bar
(b) Status Bar
(c) Task Bar
(d) Scroll Bar.
Answer:
(a) Title Bar

Question 4.
Deleted files go to
(a) My Network
(b) My Documents
(c) My Computer
(d) Recycle Bin.
Answer:
(d) Recycle Bin

Question 5.
button is used to close the window.
(a) Minimize
(b) Maximize
(c) Close
(d) Start.
Answer:
(c) Close.

2. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is operating system ?
Answer:
Operating system is an interface between user and computer.

Question 2.
What is windows ?
Answer:
Windows is an operating system of Microsoft company.

Question 3.
What is Windows Desktop ?
Answer:
The basic screen of computer is called desktop. It is seen after booting of windows. All the programs in windows are run with the help of desktop. The on-screen work area on which windows, icons, menus, and dialog boxes appear.

Question 4.
What are Icons ? Name any three types of Icons.
Answer:
A small image displayed on the screen to represent an object that can be manipulated by the user. Icons serve as visual mnemonics and allow the user to control certain computer actions without having to remember commands or type them at the keyboard.

Three Types if Icons are:

My Computer
My Document
Recycle Bin

Question 5.
Name different components of windows.
Answer:

Title Bar
Menu Bar
Scroll Bar
Minimize Button
Maximize Button
Close Button.

Question 6.
Write down about Show Desktop button on Taskbar.
Answer:
Desktop is the first screen displayed when you start your computer. Icons, menus, dialog boxes, start button and taskbar are the part of desktop screen.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Explain Taskbar.
Answer:
Taskbar is located at the bottom of the screen. This bar is a part of the Operating System. It allows us to start a program using the Start menu. This bar always remains visible during working in any application. We can navigate through Active programs using the taskbar. The area on the right side of the taskbar is called “Notification Area”. This area allows us to check date and time, items running in the background etc.

The taskbar was first introduced with Microsoft Windows 95 and is found in all subsequent versions of Windows. We can have a look of taskbar and it’s all parts as under:
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers - 2
All these parts of the taskbar are having their own functions. Let’s discuss the use of each one of them. It has a logo of windows on it. It is the first item on Taskbar. Its icon is :

(i) Start Button : We can start any application and program with the help of the Start button.

(ii) Quick Launch Bar : This section of the taskbar enables us to launch
programs without locating them from the Start menu. It is located next to the Start button. –

(iii) System Tray : It is located at the right side of Taskbar. It contains miniature icons for easy access to system functions such as fax, printer,
modem, volume etc.

(iv) Notification Area : This area is a part of the taskbar that provides notifications and status of devices. It can also be used to display icons for system and program features that are not on the desktop.

(v) Clock : At the end of taskbar, Clock is displayed where Current Time and Date can be seen. We can change Time and Date by clicking on it. It requires Administration access to change the Time or Date.

(vi) Active Programs : This area of taskbar is between quick access bar and System Tray area. In this area of taskbar, all the active programs appeared as an icon and we can easily navigate among them.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Recycle Bin ?
Answer:
Icons are the small pictures on the desktop. These icons represent a file or a program or folder on the computer. The user has to click on this icon to open.dat file or program. The following types of icons are available on Windows desktop.

1. My Computer : This icon is used to assess the hard disc of the computer. This icon opens a window on the computer screen which displays all the hard disks attached to the computer and other removable media such as pen drives or CDs. The user can work in this window.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers - 3

2. Network : This icon is used to connect to the network location attached to this computer system. This icon is used when the computer is connected to a local area. This icon displays icons of all the computer systems which are connected to users’ computers through Local area networks. The user can go to the other computer and work on files.
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3. Recycle Bin : Recycle Bin is a folder which works like a dustbin. In this folder contains all the deleted files, folder, icons on the computer. When anything is not required on the computer system the user can delete that item. That item is shifted to the recycle bin folder. If the user deletes an item accidentally he can restore that item from the recycle bin.
PSEB 6th Class Computer Solutions Chapter 3 Basics Of Working With Computers - 5

4. Users File : This icon is used to assess the current user data. Thus it can hold all the default locations for the different types of files. It may include my documents, my pictures, my videos desktop etc. The name of this icon changes as per the user logged in.
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