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Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Ex 11.4 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 11 Perimeter and Area Ex 11.4

1. An rectangular park is 80 m long and 65 in wide. A path of 5 m width is constructed outside the park. Find the area of path.
Solution:
Let ABCD be a rectangular park.
Length of the park = 80 m
Breadth of the park = 65 m

Area of the rectangular park
ABCD = Length × Breadth
= 80 m × 65 m
= 5200 m²
Length of rectangular garden EFGH (including park)
= 80 + 5 + 5
= 90 m
Breadth = 65 + 5 + 5
= 75 m
Area of rectangular path EFGH = 90 × 75
= 6750 m²
Area of the path = Area of rectangular park EFGH – Area of rectangle ABCD
= 6750 – 5200
= 1550 m²

2. A rectangular garden is 110 m long and 72 m broad. A path of uniform width 8 m has to be constructed around it. Find the cost of gravelling the path at ₹ 11.50 per m².
Solution:
Let ABCD represents the rectangular garden and the shaded region represents the path of width 8 m around the garden.
Length of rectangular garden l = 110 m

Breadth of rectangular garden b = 72 m
Area of rectangular garden ABCD = (110 × 72) m²
= 7920 m²
Length of rectangular garden including path = 110 m + (8m + 8m)
= 126 m
Breadth of rectangular garden including path = 72m + (8m + 8m) = 88 m
Area of garden including path = (126 × 88) m²
= 11088 m²
Area of path = Area of garden including path – Area of garden
Area of path = (11088 – 7920) m²
= 3168 m²
Cost of gravelling 1 m² of path = ₹ 11.50
Cost of gravelling 2928 m2 of path = ₹ 3168 × 11.50
= ₹ 36432

3. A room is 12 m long and 8 m broad. It is surrounded by a verandah, which is 3 m wide all around it. Find the cost of flooring the verandah with marble at ₹ 275 per m².
Solution:
Let ABCD. represents the rectangular floor of room and shaded region represents the verandah 3 m wide all along the outside of a room.

PQ = (3 + 12 + 3) m
= 18 m
PS = (3 + 8 + 3) m
= 14 m
Area of rectangle ABCD = 1 × b
= AB × AD
= 12 m × 8m
= 96 m²
Area of recangle PQRS = 1 × b
= PQ × PS
= 18 m × 14 m
= 252 m²
Area of verandah = [Area of rectangle PQRS] – [Area of rectangle ABCD]
= (252 – 96) m²
= 156 m²
(Rate of flooting the verandha with marble verandah = ₹ 275 per m²)
Cost of flooring verandah with moble.
= ₹ (156 × 275)
= ₹ 42900.

4. A sheet of paper measures 30 cm × 24 cm. A strip of 4 cm width is cut from it, all around. Find the area of remaining sheet and also the area of cut out strip.
Solution:
Let ABCD represent the sheet of 30 cm × 24 cm and shaded region represents the 4 cm width to be cut

PQ = (30 – 4 – 4) cm
= 22 cm
PS = (24 – 4 – 4) cm
= 16 cm

(i) remaining sheet
[Area of rectangle ABCD] – [Area of rectangle PQRS]
= (30 × 24 – 22 × 16)
= (720 – 352 = 368) cm²
Area of the cut our strip i.e. area of rectangle PQRS = 22 × 16 cm²
= 352 cm²

5. A path of 2 m wide is built along the border inside a square garden of side 40 m. Find :

Question (i).
The Area of path.
Solution:
Let ABCD be the square park of side 40 m and the shaded region represents the path 2 m wide
EF = 40 m – (2 + 2) m
= 36 m

Area of square park ABCD = (Side)²
= 40 × 40
= 1600 m²
Area of EFGH = (Side)²
= 36 × 36
= 1296 m²
Area of path = Area of square park ABCD – Area of EFGH
= (1600 – 1296) m²
= 304 m²

Question (ii).
The cost of planting grass in the remaining portion of the garden at the rate of ₹ 50 per m².
Solution:
Cost of planting grass = 50 per m²
Cost of planting grass 1m² = ₹ 50
Cost of 1296 m² = 1296 × 50
= ₹ 64800

6. A nursery school play ground is 150 m long and 75 m wide. A portion of 75 m × 75 m is kept for see-saw slides and other park equipments. In the remaining portion 3 m wide path parallel to its width and parallel to remaining length (as shown in fig). The remaining area is covered by grass. Find the area covered by grass.

Solution:
Area of school ground
= 150 m × 75 m = 11250 m²
Area kept for see-saw slides and other equipments
= 75 × 75
= 5625 m²
Area of path parallel to width of ground = 75 × 3
= 225 m²
Area common to both paths = 3 × 3
= 9 m²
Total area covered by path
= (225 + 225 – 9)
= 441 m²
Area covered by grass = Area of ground – (Area kept for see-saw slides + area covered by paths)
= 11250 – (5625 + 441)
= (11250 – 6066) m²
= 5184 m²

7. Two cross roads each of width 8 m cut at right angle through the centre of a rectangular park of length 480 m and breadth 250 m and parallel to its sides. Find the area of roads. Also, find the area of park excluding cross roads.
Solution:

ABCD represent the rectangular park of length AB = 480 m and breadth BC = 250 m. Area of shaded portion i.e. area of rectangle EFGH and PQRS represent the area of cross roads, but the area of square KLMN is taken twice, So it will be subtracted.
Now EF = 480, FG = 8 m, PQ = 250 m, QR = 8 m, KL = 8 m.
Area covered by roads = Area of rectangle EFGH + area of rectangle PQRS – Area of square KLMN
= (EF × FG) + (PQ × QR) – (KL)²
= (480 × 8) + (250 × 8) – (8 × 8)
= 3840 + 2000 – 64
Area of the road = 5776 m²
Area of park excluding cross roads = 250 × 480 – (250 × 8 + 480 × 8 – 8 × 8)
= 114224 m²

8. In a rectangular field of length 92 m and breadth 70 m, two roads are constructed which are parallel to the sides and cut each other at right angles through the centre of field. If the width of each road is 4 m, find.
(i) The area covered by roads.
(ii) The cost of constructing the roads at the rate of ₹ 150 per m².
Solution:
Let ABCD represents the rectangular field of length ; AB = 92 m and breadth; AD = 70 m. Let the area of shaded portion
i. e. area of the rectangle PQRS and the area of rectangle EFGH represents the area of cross roads.

But in doing this, area of square KLMN is taken twice which is to be subtracted.
Now PQ = 4 m, PS = 70 m
and EH = 4 m, EF = 92 m
and KL = 4 m, KN = 4 m

= PQ × PS + EF × EH – KL × KN
= [(4 × 70) + (92 × 4) – (4 × 4)] m²
= (280 + 368 – 16) m²
= (648 – 16) m²
= 632 m²

(ii) Cost of constructing 1 m² of roads = ₹ 150
Therefore cost of constructing 632 m² of roads = ₹ (150 × 632)
= ₹ 94800.

9. Find the area of shaded region in each of the following figures.

Question (i).

Solution:
Length of rectangle ABDC
= 3m + 15m + 3m
= 21 m
Breadth of rectangle ABDC
= 2m + 12m + 2m
= 16 m
Area of rectangle ABDC
= length × breadth
= 21 × 16 m²
= 336 m²
Length of rectangle PQRS = 15 m
Breadth of rectangle PQRS = 12 m
Area of rectangle PQRS = 15 × 12 m²
= 180 m²
Area of shaded region = Area of rectangle ABCD – Area of rectangle PQRS
= 336 m² – 180 m²
= 156 m²

Question (ii).

Solution:

SR = PQ = 2.5 m
EH = FG = 4 m
KL = 2.5 m
LM = 4 m
Area of shaded region = [Area of rectangle PQRS] + [Area of rectangle EFGH] – Area of rectangle KLMN
= 40 × 2.5 + 80 × 4 – 2.5 × 4
= 100 + 320 – 10
= 420 – 10
= 410 m²

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.2 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.2

Question 1.
In the given figure, ABCD is a parallelogram, AE ⊥ DC and CF ⊥ AD. If AB = 16 cm, AE = 8 cm and CF = 10 cm, find AD.

Answer:
The area of a parallelogram is the product of its base and the altitude corresponding to that base.
Here, in parallelogram ABCD, the altitude corresponding to base DC is AE and the altitude corresponding to base AD is CF.
∴ ar(ABCD) = DC × AE = AD × CF
∴ DC × AE = AD × CF
∴ AB × AE = AD × CF (∵ AB = DC In parallelogram ABCD)
∴ 16 × 8 = AD × 1O
∴ AD = \(\frac{16 \times 8}{10}\)
∴ AD = \(\frac{128}{10}\)
∴ AD = 12.8 cm

Question 2.
If E, F, G and H are respectively the midpoints of the sides of a parallelogram ABCD, show that ar(EFGH) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD).
Answer:
In parallelogram ABCD. E, F, G and H are the midpoints of AB, BC. CD and DA respectively.
Draw GE.

In parallelogram ABCD, AB || CD and AB = CD.
∴ BE || CG and BE (\(\frac{1}{2}\) AB) = CG (\(\frac{1}{2}\) CD)
∴ Quadrilateral EBCG is a parallelogram.
∴ GE || BC
Now, ∆ EFG and parallelogram EBCG are on the same base GE and between the same parallels GE and BC.
∴ ar(EFG)= \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (EBCG) ………………. (1)
Similarly, ∆ EHG and parallelogram AEGD are on the same base GE and between the same parallels GE and DA.
∴ ar(EHG) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (AEGD) ……………….. (2)
Adding (1) and (2),
ar (EFG) + ar (EHG) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (EBCG) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (AEGD)
∴ ar (EFGH) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) [ar (EBCG) + ar (AEGD)]
∴ ar (EFGH) = \(\frac{1}{2}\) ar (ABCD)

Question 3.
p and Q are any two points lying on the sides DC and AD respectively of a parallelogram ABCD. Show that ar (APB) = ar (BQC).

Answer:
Here, ∆ APB and parallelogram ABCD are on the same base AB and between the same parallels AB and CD.
∴ ar (APB) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD) …………… (1)
Similarly, ∆ BQC and parallelogram ABCD are on the same base BC and between the same parallels BC and DA.
∴ ar (BQC) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD) ……………… (2)
From (1) and (2),
ar(APB) = ar(BQC)

Question 4.
In the given figure, P is a point in the interior of a parallelogram ABCD. Show that,
(i) ar (APB) + ar (PCD) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD)
(ii) ar (APD) + ar (PBC) = ar (APB) + ar (PCD)
[Hint: Through P, draw a line parallel to AB.]

Answer:
Through P, draw a line parallel to AB which intersects BC at Q and AD at R.
Now, in quadrilateral ABQR,
AB || QR (By construction)
BQ || AR (In parallelogram ABCD, BC || AD)
∴ Quadrilateral ABQR is a parallelogram.
Similarly, DCQR is a parallelogram.
∆ APB and parallelogram ABQR are on the same base AB and between the same parallels AB and QR.
∴ ar(APB) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABQR) ……………….. (1)
Similarly, ∆ PCD and parallelogram DCQR are on the same base DC and between the same parallels DC and QR.
∴ ar(PCD) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (DCQR) ………………… (2)
Adding (1) and (2),
= ar(APB) + ar (PCD)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABQR) + \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (DCQR)
∴ ar (APB) + ar (PCD)
= \(\frac{1}{2}\) [ar (ABQR) + ar (DCQR)]
∴ ar (APB) + ar (PCD) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD) …………………. (3)
Now, through P, draw a line parallel to AD which intersects AB at S and CD at T.
Then, as above, it can be proved that
ar(APD) + ar(PBC) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABCD) ……………………. (4)
From (3) and (4),
ar (APD) + ar (PBC) = ar (APB) + ar (PCD)

Question 5.
In the given figure, PQRS and ABRS are parallelograms and X is any point on side BR. Show that:
(i) ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS)
(ii) ar(AXS) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (PQRS)

Answer:
Parallelograms PQRS and ABRS are on the same base RS and between the same parallels PB and SR.
∴ ar (PQRS) = ar (ABRS) …………….. (1)
∆ AXS and parallelogram ABRS are on the same base AS and between the same parallels AS and BR.
∴ ar (AXS) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (ABRS) ………………… (2)
From (1) and (2),
ar (AXS) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (PQRS)

Question 6.
A farmer was having a field in the form of a parallelogram PQRS. She took any point A on RS and joined it to points P and Q. In how many parts the field Is divided? What are the shapes of these parts? The farmer wants to sow wheat and pulses in equal portions of the field separately. How should she do it?
Answer:

By taking any point A on RS and joining it to points P and Q, the field is divided into three triangular parts as ∆ PSA, ∆ APQ and ∆ QRA.
Here, ∆ APQ and parallelogram PQRS are on the same base PQ and between the same parallels PQ and SR.
∴ ar (APQ) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar (PQRS)
∴ ar (PSA) + ar(QRA) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)ar(PQRS)
Thus, ar (APQ) = ar (PSA) + ar (QRA)
Now, as the farmer wants to sow wheat and pulses in equal portions of the field separately.
she has two options as below to do so:
(1) She should sow wheat in ∆ APQ and pulses in ∆ PSA as well as ∆ QRA.
(2) She should sow pulses in ∆ APQ and wheat in ∆ PSA as well as ∆ QRA.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 10 Practical Geometry MCQ Questions with Answers.

PSEB 7th Class Maths Chapter 10 Practical Geometry MCQ Questions

Multiple Choice Questions :

Question 1.
Number of parallel lines that can be drawn passing through a point not lying on the given line is :
(a) 0
(b) 1
(c) 2
(d) 3.
Answer:
(b) 1

Question 2.
The sum of three angles of a Δ is :
(a) 90°
(b) 180°
(c) 360°
(d) None
Answer:
(b) 180°

Question 3.
A triangle can be constructed by taking its sides of these :
(a) 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm
(b) 4 cm, 5 cm, 9 cm
(c) 4 cm, 3 cm, 8 cm
(d) 3 cm, 2 cm, 5 cm.
Answer:
(a) 3 cm, 5 cm, 7 cm

Question 4.
Two angles of a triangle are 40° and 50°. Third angle is :
(a) 40°
(b) 50°
(c) 90°
(d) 60°
Answer:
(c) 90°

Question 5.
The angles of a triangle are 30° and 50°, third angle is :
(a) 100°
(b) 60°
(c) 80°
(d) 50°.
Answer:
(a) 100°

Fill in the blanks :

Question 1.
Sum of lengths of any two sides of a triangle is …………….
Answer:
greater than third side

Question 2.
In right angled triangle.
(Hypotenuse)² = (…………….)² + (…………….)²
Answer:
Base, Perpendicular

Question 3.
SAS stands for …………….
Answer:
Side, angle, Side

Question 4.
RHS stands for …………….
Answer:
Right angle hypotenuse side

Question 5.
ASA stands for …………….
Answer:
Angle, side, angle.

Write True or False

Question 1.
Exterior angle of a triangle is equal to the sum of opposite interior angles. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The lengths of three sides can be used to construct a triangle. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The sum of the three angles of a triangle is 160°. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Construction of a triangle is possible when some of too angle is 180°. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question 5.
Each angle of equilateral triangle is 60°. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.5 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Maths Chapter 10 Practical Geometry Ex 10.5

1. Construct a right angled triangle ABC with ∠C = 90°, AB = 5 cm and BC = 3 cm.
Solution:
Given : Two sides of ΔABC as
AB = 5 cm,
BC = 3 cm
and ∠C = 90°.
To construct : A triangle with these two sides and one right angle.
Steps of Construction :
Step 1. We first draw a rough sketch of the triangle ABC and indicate the measure of these two sides and mark the right angle.

Step 2. Draw BC of length 3 cm.

Step 3. At C, draw CX ⊥ BC. (A should be somewhere on this perpendicular).

Step 4. With B as centre, draw an arc of radius 5 cm. (A must be on this arc since it is at a distance of 5 cm from B).

Step 5. A has to be on the perpendicular line CX as well as on the arc drawn with centre C.
∴ A is the meeting point of these two.
ΔABC is now obtained.

2. Construct an isosceles right angled triangle DEF where ∠E = 90° and EF = 6 cm.
Solution:
Given : An isoscele right angled ΔDEF where ∠E = 90° and EF = 6 cm.
To Construct: A right angled triangle with one side.
Steps of Construction:
Steps 1. Draw a rough sketch of given measures.

Step 2. Draw a line segment EF = 6 cm.

Step 3. With the help of compass taking E as centre, draw a ray EX making an angle of 90° with EF.

Step 4. With E as centre and radius 6 cm (= DE) draw an arc intersecting EX at D.

Step 5. Join D and F. Therefore ΔDEF is required isosceles right triangle.

3. Construct a right-angled triangle PQR in which :
∠Q= 90°, PQ = 3.6 cm and PR = 8.5 cm
Solution:
Given : Right triangle be PQR; right-angled at Q
i. e. ∠Q = 90°
and PQ = 3.6 cm,
PR = 8.5 cm
To construct : A triangle with these two sides and one right angle.
Steps of Construction :
Step 1. We first draw a rough sketch of the triangle PQR and indicate the measure of these two sides and mark the right angle.

Step 2. Draw PQ of length 3.6 cm.

Step 3. At Q, draw QX ⊥ PQ.
(R should be somewhere on this perpendicular).

Step 4. With P as centre, draw arc of radius
(R must be on this arc, since it is at a distance of 8.5 cm from P).

Step 5. R has to be on the perpendicular line QX as well as on the arc drawn with centre P.
∴ R is the meeting point of these two.
ΔPQR is now obtained.

4. Question (i).
Which of the following is a pythagorian triplet ?
(a) 1, 2, 3
(b) 2, 3, 4
(c) 4, 5, 6
(d) 12, 13, 5
Answer:
(d) 12, 13, 5

Question (ii).
Construction of unique triangle is not possible when :
(a) Three sides are given.
(b) Two sides and an included angle are given.
(c) Three angles are given.
(d) Two angles & included side are given.
Answer:
(c) Three angles are given.

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 4 Integers MCQ Questions with Answers.

PSEB 6th Class Maths Chapter 4 Integers MCQ Questions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1.
How many integers are between -3 to 3?
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 4
(d) 3.
Answer:
(a) 5

Question 2.
Which of the following integer is greater than -3?
(a) -5
(b) -4
(c) 0
(d) -10.
Answer:
(c) 0

Question 3.
Which of the following integers are in ascending order?
(a) -5, -9, -7, -8
(b) -9, -8, -7, -5
(c) -5, -7, -8, -8, -9
(d) -8, -5, -9, -7.
Answer:
(b) -9, -8, -7, -5

Question 4.
Which of the following integers are in descending order?
(a) 3, 0, -2, -5
(b) -5, -2, 0, 3
(c) -5, 3,-2, 0
(d) -2, 0, -5, 3.
Answer:
(a) 3, 0, -2, -5

Question 5.
The given number line represents:

(a) 5 + 1
(b) 1 + 5
(c) 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1
(d) 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5.
Answer:
(c) 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 + 1

Question 6.
3 less than -2 =
(a) -5
(b) -6
(c) 5
(d) 6.
Answer:
(a) -5

Question 7.
(-2) + 8 =
(a) -6
(b) -10
(c) 10
(d) 6.
Answer:
(d) 6.

Question 8.
Which of the following statements is true about the given number line:

(a) Value of A is greater than value of B.
(b) Value of A is greater than value of C.
(c) Value of B is less than value of C.
(d) Value of C is less than value of B.
Answer:
(c) Value of B is less than value of C.

Question 9.
(-7) + (-12) + 11 =
(a) -19
(b) 30
(c) -23
(d) -8.
Answer:
(d) -8.

Question 10.
15 – (-12) + (-27) =
(a) 0
(b) -54
(c) -24
(d) 54.
Answers :
(a) 0

Question 11.
What is the number of integers between -4 and -1?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6.
Answer:
(b) 4

Question 12.
What is the number of integers between -8 and -2?
(a) 3
(b) 4
(c) 5
(d) 6.
Answer:
(c) 5

Question 13.
Which is the largest integers among -7, -6, -5, -4 and -3?
(a) -6
(b) -5
(c) -4
(d) -3.
Answer:
(d) -3.

Question 14.
Which is the smallest integer among -3, -2, 0 and 1?
(a) -3
(b) -2
(c) 0
(d) 1.
Answer:
(a) -3

Question 15.
The value of (-7) + (-9) + 4 + 16 is:
(a) 36
(b) 22
(c) 4
(d) 27.
Answer:
(c) 4

Fill in the blanks:

Question (i)
The sum of (-9) + (+4) + (-6) + (+3) is …………. .
Answer:
– 8

Question (ii)
The successor of -5 is ……………. .
Answer:
– 4

Question (iii)
-19 + …………. = 0.
Answer:
19

Question (iv)
100 + …………. = 0.
Answer:
– 100

Question (v)
50 + (-50) = ……………. .
Answer:
0

Write True/False:

Question (i)
-8 is to the right of -10 on number line. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Question (ii)
-100 is to the right of -50 on number line. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question (iii)
Smallest negative integer is -1. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question (iv)
-26 is larger than -25. (True/False)
Answer:
False

Question (v)
The sum of two integers is always an integer. (True/False)
Answer:
True

Punjab State Board PSEB 10th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions Ex 5.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 10 Maths Chapter 5 Arithmetic Progressions Ex 5.1

Question 1.
In which of the following situations, does the list of numbers involved make an arithmetic progression, and why ?
(i) The taxi fare after each km when the fare is 15 for the first km and 8 for each additional km.

(ii) The amount of air present in a cylinder when a vacuum pump removes of the air remaining in the cylinder at a time.

(iii) The cost of digging a well after every metre of digging, when it costs 150 for the first metre and rises by 50 for each msubsequent metre.

(iv) The amount of money in the account every year when 10000 is deposited at compound interest at 8% per annum.

Solution:
(i) Let T_n denotes the taxi fare in n^th km.
According to question,
T₁ = 15 km;
T₂ = 15 + 8 = 23;
T₃ = 23 + 8 = 31
Now, T₃ – T₂ = 31 – 23 = 8
T₂ – T₁ = 23 – 15 = 8
Here, T₃ – T₂ = T₂ – T₁ = 8
∴ given situation form an AP.

(ii) Let T_n denotes amount of air present in a cylinder.
According to question,
T₁ = x;
T₂ = x – \(\frac{1}{4}\)x
= \(\frac{4-1}{4}\)x = \(\frac{3}{4}\)x
T₃ = \(\frac{3}{4} x-\frac{1}{4}\left[\frac{3}{4} x\right]=\frac{3}{4} x-\frac{3}{16} x\)

= \(\left(\frac{12-3}{16}\right) x=\frac{9}{16}\)x and so on
Now, T₃ – T₂ = \(\frac{9}{16}\)x – \(\frac{3}{4}\)x
= \(\left(\frac{9-12}{16}\right) x=-\frac{3}{16}\)x

T₂ – T₁ = \(\frac{3}{4}\)x – x
= \(\left(\frac{3-4}{4}\right) x=-\frac{1}{4}\)x
Here, T₃ – T₂ ≠ T₂ – T₁
∴ given situation donot form an AP.

(iii) Let T_n denotes cost of digging a well for the nth metre,
According to question,
T₁ = ₹ 150; T₂ = (150 + 50) = ₹ 200;
T₃ = ₹ (200 + 5o) = 250 and so on
Now, T₃ – T₂ = ₹ (250 – 200) = 50
T₂ – T₁ = ₹ (200 – 150) = 50
Here, T₃ – T₂ = T₂– T₁ = 50
∴ given situation form an A.P.

(iv) Let T_n denotes amount of money in the nth year.
According to question
T₁ = ₹ 10,000
T₂ = ₹ 10,000 + ₹ \(\left[\frac{10,000 \times 8 \times 1}{100}\right]\)
= ₹ 10,000 + ₹ 800 = ₹ 10,800
T₃ = ₹ 10,800 + ₹ \(\left[\frac{10,800 \times 8 \times 1}{100}\right]\)
= ₹ 10,800 + ₹ 864
= ₹ 11,640 and so on.
Now, T₃ – T₂ = ₹ (11,640 – 10,800) = ₹ 840
T₂ – T₁ = ₹ (10,800 – 10,000) = ₹ 800
Here, T₃ – T₂ ≠ T₂ – T₁
∴ given situation do not form an A.P.

Question 2.
Write first four terms of the AP, when the first term a and the common difference d are given as follows:
(1) a = 10, d = 10
(ii) a = -2, d = 0
(iii) a = 4, d = -3
(iv) a = -1, d = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
(w) a = -1.25, d = -0.25
Solution:
(i) Given that first term = a = 10
and common difference = d = 10
∴ T₁ = a = 10;
T₂ = a + d = 10 + 10 = 20;
T₃ = a + 2d
= 10 + 2 × 10 = 10 + 20 = 30;
T₄ = a + 3d = 10 + 3 × 10
= 10 + 30 = 40
Hence, first four terms of an A.P. are 10, 20, 30, 40………….

(ii) Given that first term = a = -2
and common iifference = d = 0
∴ T₁ = a = -2;
T₂ = a + d = -2 + 0 = -2
T₃ = a + 2d = -2 + 2 × 0 = -2
T₄ = a + 3d = -2 + 3 × 0 = -2
Hence, first four terms of an A.P. are -2, -2, -2, -2,…………….

(iii) Given that first term = a = 4
and common difference = d = -3
∴ T₁ = a = 4;
T₂= a + d = 4 – 3 = 1
T₃ = a + 2d = 4 + 2(-3) = 4 – 6 = -2
T₄ = a + 3d = 4 + 3(-3) = 4 – 9 = -5
Hence, first four terms of an A.P. are 4, 1, -2, -5, ……….

(iv) Given that first term = a = -1
and common difference = d = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
∴ T₁ = a = -1; T₂ = a + d
= -1 + \(\frac{1}{2}\) = \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
T₃ = a + 2d = -1 + 2(\(\frac{1}{2}\))
= -1 + 1 = 0
T₄ = a + 3d = -1 + 3(\(\frac{1}{2}\))
= \(\frac{-2+3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Hence, first four terms of an AP are -1, –\(\frac{1}{2}\), 0, \(\frac{1}{2}\), …………..

(v) Given that first term = a = – 1.25
and common difference = d = – 0.25
∴ T₁ = a = – 1.25;
T₂ = a + d = – 1.25 – 0.25 = -1.50
T₃ = a + 2d = – 1.25 + 2(- 0.25)
= – 1.25 – 0.50 = – 1.75
T₄ = a + 3d = – 1.25 + 3(- 0.25)
= – 1.25 – 0.75 = – 2
Hence, first four terms of an A.P. are – 1.25, – 1.50, – 1.75, – 2, ……………..

Question 3.
For the following APs, wilte the first term and the common difference:
(i) 3, 1, -1, -3, …………
(ii) 5, -1, 3, 7, ………….
(iii) \(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{5}{3}, \frac{9}{3}, \frac{13}{3}\), …………..
(iv) 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9, ………..
Solution:
(i) Given A.P., is 3, 1, -1, -3, ………
Here T₁ = 3, T₂ = 1,
T₃ = -1, T₄ = -3
First term = T₁ = 3
Now, T₂ – T₁ = 1 – 3 = – 2
T₃ – T₂ = – 1 – 1 = -2
T₄ – T₃ = -3 + 1 = -2
∴ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = – 2
Hence, common difference = – 2 and first term = 3.

(ii) Given A.P. is – 5, – 1, 3, 7, ………….
Here T₁ = – 5, T₂ = – 1,
T₃ = 3, T₄ = 7
First term T₁ = -5
Now, T₂ – T₁ = -1 + 5 = 4
T₃– T₂ = 3 + 1 = 4
T₄ – T₃ = 7 – 3 = 4
∴ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = 4
Hence, common difference = 4 and first term = – 5.

(iii) Given AP. is:
\(\frac{1}{3}, \frac{5}{3}, \frac{9}{3}, \frac{13}{3}, \ldots\)
Here T₁ = \(\frac{1}{3}\), T₂ = \(\frac{5}{3}\),
T₃ = \(\frac{9}{3}\), T₄ = \(\frac{13}{3}\)
First term = T₁ = \(\frac{1}{3}\)
Now, T₂ – T₁ = \(\frac{5}{3}-\frac{1}{3}=\frac{5-1}{3}=\frac{4}{3}\)
T₃ – T₂ = \(\frac{9}{3}-\frac{5}{3}=\frac{9-5}{3}=\frac{4}{3}\)
T₄ – T₃ = \(\frac{13}{3}-\frac{9}{3}=\frac{13-9}{3}=\frac{4}{3}\)
∴ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = \(\frac{4}{3}\)

Hence, common difference = \(\frac{4}{3}\) and first term = \(\frac{1}{3}\).

(iv) Given A.P. is 0.6, 1.7, 2.8, 3.9,…
Here, T₁ = 0.6, T₂ = 1.7, T₃ = 2.8, T₄ = 3.9
First term = T₁ = 0.6
Now, T₂ – T₁ = 1.7 – 0.6 = 1.1
T₃ – T₂ = 2.8 – 1.7 = 1.1
T₄ – T₃ = 3.9 – 2.8 = 1.1
Hence, common difference = 1.1 and first term = 0.6.

Question 4.
WhIch of the following are APs? If they form an AP, find the common difference d and write three more terms.
(i) 2, 4, 8, 16
(ii) 2, \(\frac{5}{2}\), 3, \(\frac{7}{2}\), ………
(iii) – 1.2, – 3.2, – 5.2, – 7.2, ………….
(iv) – 10, – 6, – 2, 2, ………….
(v) 3, 3 + √2, 3 + 2√2, 3 + 3√2, ……….
(vi) 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, ………….
(vii) 0, -4, -8, -12, …………..
(viii) \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), ………..
(ix) 1, 3, 9, 27 …………….
(x) a, 2a, 3a, 4a, ………………
(xi) a, a², a³, a⁴, ……………….
(xii) √2, √8, √18, √32, …………
(xiii) √3, √6, √9, √12, ……………..
(xiv) 1², 3², 5², 7², ………..
(xv) 1², 5², 7², 73, ………….

Solution:
(i) Given terms are 2, 4, 8, 16 ………………
Here T₁ = 2, T₂ = 4, T₃ = 8, T₄ = 16
T₂ – T₁ = 4 – 2 = 2
T₃ – T₂ = 8 – 4 = 4
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
Hence, given terms do not form an A.P.

(ii) Given terms are 2, \(\frac{5}{2}\), 3, \(\frac{7}{2}\), ………
Here T₁ = 2, T₂ = 4, T₃ = 3, T₄ = 16
T₂ – T₁ = \(\frac{4}{4}\) – 2 = \(\frac{5-4}{2}\) = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
T₃ – T₂ = 3 – \(\frac{5}{2}\) = \(\frac{6-5}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
T₄ – T₃ = \(\frac{7}{2}-3=\frac{7-6}{2}=\frac{1}{2}\)
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
∴ Common difference = d = \(\frac{1}{2}\)
Now, T₅ = a + 4d = 2 + 4\(\frac{1}{2}\) = 4

T₆ = a + 5d = 2 + 5(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = \(\frac{4+5}{2}=\frac{9}{2}\)

T₇ = a + 6d = 2 + 6(\(\frac{1}{2}\)) = 2 + 3 = 5.

(iii) Given terms are – 1.2, – 3.2, – 5.2, – 7.2, …………
Here T₁ = – 1.2, T₂ = – 3.2,
T₃ = – 5.2, T₄ = – 7.2
T₂ – T₁ = – 3.2 + 1.2 = – 2
T₃ – T₂ = – 5.2 + 3.2 = – 2
T ₄ – T₃ = – 7.2 + 5.2 = – 2
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = – 2
∴ Common difference = d = – 2
Now, T₅ = a + 4d = – 1.2 + 4(-2) = – 1.2 – 8 = – 9.2
T₆ = a + 5d = – 1.2 + 5(-2) = – 1.2 – 10 = – 11.2
T₇ = a + 6d = – 1.2 + 6(-2) = -1.2 – 12 = – 13.2

(iv) Given terms are – 10, – 6, – 2, 2, ………..
Here T₁ = – 10,T₂ = – 6
T₃ = – 2, T₄=2 .
T₂ – T₁ = – 6 + 10 = 4
T₃ – T₂ = – 2 + 6 =4
T₄ – T₃ = 2 + 2 = 4
∵ T₂ – T₁=T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = 4 .
∴ Common difference = d = 4
Now, T₅ = a + 4d = – 10 + 4(4) = – 10 + 16 = 6
T₆ = a + 5d = – 10 + 5(4) = – 10 + 20 = 10
T₇ = a + 6d = – 10 + 6(4) = – 10 + 24 = 14.

(v) Given terms are 3, 3 + √2, 3 + 2√2, 3 + 3√2, …………
Here T₁ = 3, T₂ = 3 + √2,
T₃ = 3 + 2√2, T₄= 3 + 3√2
T₂ – T₁ = 3 + √2 – 3 = √2
T₃ – T2 = 3 + 2√2 – (3 + √2)
= 3 + 2√2 – 3 – √2 = √2
T₄ – T₃ = 3 + 3√2 – (3 + 2√2)
= 3 + 3√2 – 3 – 2√2 = √2
∵ T₂ -T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = √2
∴ Common difference = d = √2
Now, T₅ = a + 4d = 3 + 4(√2) = 3 + 4√2
T₆ = a + 5d = 3 + 5√2
T₇ = a + 6d = 3 + 6√2

(vi) Given terms are 0.2, 0.22, 0.222, 0.2222, …………..
Here Here T₁ = 0.2, T₂ = 0.22,
T₃ = 0.222, T₄ = 0.2222.
T₂ – T₁ = 0.22 – 0.2 = 0.02
T₃ – T₂ = 0.222 – 0.22 = 0.002
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
∴ given terms do not form an A.P.

(vii) Given terms are 0, -4, -8, -12
Here T₁ = 0, T₂ = -4,
T₃ = -8, T₄ = -12
T₂ – T₁ = – 4 – 0 = -4
T₃ – T₂= – 8 + 4 = -4
T₄ – T₃= – 12 + 8 = -4.
T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃
∴ Common difference = d = -4
Now, T₅= a + 4d = 0 + 4(-4) = -16
T₆ = a + 5d = 0 + 5(-4) = -20
T₇ = a + 6d = 0 + 6(-4) = -24.

(viii) Given terms are \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), \(-\frac{1}{2}\), ……….
Here T₁ = \(-\frac{1}{2}\), T₂ = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)
T₃ = \(-\frac{1}{2}\), T₄ = \(-\frac{1}{2}\)
T₂ – T₁ = \(-\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 0
T₃ – T₂ = \(-\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) = 0
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = 0
∴ Common difference = d = 0
Now, T₅ = T₆ = T₇ = –\(\frac{1}{2}\)
[∵ a = –\(\frac{1}{2}\), d = 0]

(ix) Given terms are 1, 3, 9, 27
T₁ = 1, T₂ = 3, T₃ = 9, T₄ = 27
T₂ – T₁ = 3 1 = 2
T₃ – T₂ = 9 – 3 = 6.
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
∴ Given terms do not form an A.P.

(x) Given terms are a, 2a, 3a, 4a, …
T₁ = a, T₂ = 2a, T₃ = 3a, T4 = 4a
T₂ – T₁ = 2a – a = a
T₃ – T₂ = 3a – 2a = a
T₄ – T₃ = 4a – 3a = a
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = a
∴ Common difference = d = a
Now T₅ = a + 4d = a + 4(a) = a + 4a = 5a
T₆ = a + 5d = a + 5a = 6a
T₇ = a + 6d = a + 6a = 7a

(xi) Given terms are a, a², a³, a⁴, …………
T₁ = a, T₂ = a², T3 = a³, T₄ = a⁴
T₂ – T₁ = a² – a
T₃ – T₂ = a³ – a²
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
∴ Given terms do not form an A.P.

(xii) Given terms are √2, √8, √18, √32, …………
T₁ = √2, T₂ = √8, T₃ = √18, T₄ = √32
or T₁ = √2, T₂ = 2√2 T₃ = 3√2, T₄ = 4√2
T₂ – T₁ = 2√2 – √2 = √2
T₃ – T = 3√2 – 2√2 = √2
T₄ – T₃ = 4√2 – 3√2 = √2
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃= √2
∴ Common difference = d = √2
Now, T₅ = a + 4d = √2 + 4√2 = 5√2
T₆ = a + 5d = √2 + 5√2 = 6√2
T₇ = a + 6d = √2 + 6√2 = 7√2

(xiii) Given terms are √3, √6, √9, √12, ……………..
T₁ = √3, T₂= √6, T₃= √9, T₄= √12
or T₁ = √3, T₂ = √6, T₃ = 3, T₄ = 2√3
T₄ – T₁ = √6 – √3
T₃ – T₂ = 3 – √6
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
∴Given terms do not form an A.P.

(xiv) Given terms are 1², 3², 5², 7², ………..
T₁ = 1², T₂ = 3², T₃ = 5², T₄ = 7²
or T₁ = 1, T₂ = 9, T₃ = 25, T₄ = 49
T₄ – T₁ = 9 – 1 = 8
T₃ – T₂ = 25 – 9 = 16
∵ T₂ – T₁ ≠ T₃ – T₂
∴ Given terms do not form an A.P.

(xv) Given terms are 12, 52, 72, 73
T₁ = 12, T₂ = 52, T₃ = 72, T₄ = 73
or T₁ = 1, T₂ = 25, T₃ = 49, T₄ = 73
T₂ – T₁ = 25 – 1 = 24
T₃ – T₂ =49 – 24= 24
T₄ – T₃ = 73 – 49 = 24
∵ T₂ – T₁ = T₃ – T₂ = T₄ – T₃ = 24
∴ Common difference = d = 24
T₅ = a + 4d = 1 + 4(24) = 1 + 96 = 97
T₆ = a + 5d = 1 + 5(24) = 1 + 120 = 121
T₇ = a + 6d = 1 +6(24) = 1 + 144 = 145

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 4 Integers Ex 4.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 4 Integers Ex 4.3

1. Fill the suitable integer in box:

Question (i)
(a) 2 + _ = 0
(b) _ + 11 =0
(c) -5 + _ = o
(d) _ + (-9) = 0
(e) 3 + _ = 0
(f) _ + 0 = 0.
Solution:
(a) 2 + -2 = 0
(b) -11 + 11 =0
(c) -5 + 5 = o
(d) 9 + (-9) = 0
(e) 3 + (-3) = 0
(f) 0 + 0 = 0.

2. Subtract using number line:

Question (a)
5 from -7
Solution:
(-7) – 5

Hence , -7 – 5 = -12

Question (b)
-3 from -6
Solution:
-6 – (-3)
= -6 + (additive inverse of -3)
= -6 + (3)

Hence, -6 + 3 = -3

Question (c)
-2 from 8
Solution:
8 – (-2)
= 8 + (additive inverse of -2)
= 8 + (2)

Hence, 8 + 2 = 10

Question (d)
3 from 9.
Solution:
9 – 3

Hence, 9 – 3 = 6

3. Subtract without using number line:

Question (a)
-6 from 16
Solution:
16 – (-6)
= 16 + (6) = 16 + 6
= 22

Question (b)
-51 from 55
Solution:
55 – (-51)
= 55 + (51) = 55 + 51
= 106

Question (c)
75 from -10
Solution:
-10 – 75
= -(10 + 75)
= -85

Question (d)
-31 from -47.
Solution:
-47 – (-31)
= -47 + 31 = -(47 – 31)
= -16

4. Find:

Question (a)
35 – (20)
Solution:
= (35 – 20)
= 15

Question (b)
(-20) – (13)
Solution:
= -(20 + 13)
= -33

Question (c)
(-15) – (-18)
Solution:
= (-15) + (18)
= 3

Question (d)
72 – (90)
Solution:
= -(90 – 72)
= -18

Question (e)
23 – (-12)
Solution:
= 23 + (12)
= 23 + 12
= 35

Question (f)
(-32) – (-40).
Solution:
= 40 – 32
= 8

5. Simplify:

Question (a)
2 – 4 + 6 – 8 – 10
Solution:
= 2 + 6 – 4 – 8 – 10
= 2 + 6 -(4 + 8 + 10)
= 8 – 22
= -14

Question (b)
4 – 2 + 2 – 4 – 2 + 2
Solution:
= 4 + 2 + 2 – 2 – 4 – 2
= 8 – 8
= 0

Question (c)
4 – (-9) + 7 – (-3)
Solution:
=4 + 9 + 7 + 3
= 23

Question (d)
(-7) + (-19) + (-7).
Solution:
= -(7 + 19 + 7)
= – 33

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 5 Fractions Ex 5.3 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 6 Maths Chapter 5 Fractions Ex 5.3

1. Write the fraction for the shaded part and check whether these fractions are equivalent or not?

Question (i)

Solution:

2. Find four equivalent fractions of the followings:

Question (i)
(i) \(\frac {1}{4}\)
(ii) \(\frac {3}{5}\)
(iii) \(\frac {7}{9}\)
(iv) \(\frac {5}{11}\)
(v) \(\frac {2}{3}\)
Solution:

3. Write the lowest equivalent fraction (simplest form) of :

Question (i)
(i) \(\frac {10}{25}\)
(ii) \(\frac {27}{54}\)
(iii) \(\frac {48}{72}\)
(iv) \(\frac {150}{60}\)
(v) \(\frac {162}{90}\)
Solution:

4. Are the following fractions equivalent or not?

Question (i)
\(\frac{5}{12}, \frac{25}{60}\)
Solution:
We have

By cross product,
5 × 60 = 300 and 12 × 25 = 300
Since two cross products are same
So, the given fractions are equivalent.

Question (ii)
\(\frac{6}{7}, \frac{36}{42}\)
Solution:
We have

By cross product,
6 × 42 = 252 and 7 × 36 = 252
Since two cross products are same
So, the given fractions are equivalent.

Question (iii)
\(\frac{7}{9}, \frac{56}{72}\)
Solution:
We have

By cross product,
7 × 72 = 504 and 9 × 56 = 504
Since two cross products are same
So, the given fractions are equivalent.

5. Replace [ ] 1 in each of the following by the correct number.

Question (i)
\(\frac{2}{7}\) = 12 / [ ]
Solution:
Observe the numerators we have 12 ÷ 2 = 6
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {2}{7}\) by 6
We get \(\frac{2}{7}=\frac{2 \times 6}{7 \times 6}=\frac{12}{42}\)
Hence, the correct number in [ ] 1 is 42

Question (ii)
\(\frac{5}{8}\) = 35 / [ ]
Solution:
Observe the numerators we have 35 ÷ 5 = 7
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {5}{8}\) by 7
We get \(\frac{5}{8}=\frac{5 \times 7}{8 \times 7}=\frac{35}{56}\)
Hence, the correct number in [ ] is 56.

Question (iii)
\(\frac{24}{36}\) = 6 / [ ]
Solution:
Observe the numerators we have 24 ÷ 6 = 4
So, we divide both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {24}{36}\) by 4
We get \(\frac{24}{36}=\frac{24 \div 4}{36 \div 4}=\frac{6}{9}\)
Hence, the correct number in [ ] is 9

Question (iv)
\(\frac{30}{48}\) = 8 / [ ]
Solution:
Observe the denominators we have 48 ÷ 8 = 6
So, we divide both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {30}{48}\) by 6
We get \(\frac{30}{48}=\frac{30 \div 6}{48 \div 6}=\frac{5}{8}\)
Hence, the correct number in ⊇ is 5

Question (v)
\(\frac{7}{4}\) = 42 / [ ]
Solution:
Observe the numerators we have 42 ÷ 7 = 6
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {7}{4}\) by 6
We get \(\frac{7}{4}=\frac{7 \times 6}{7 \times 6}=\frac{42}{24}\)
Hence, the correct number in [ ] is 24

6. Find the equivalent fraction of \(\frac {3}{5}\), having

Question (i)
numerator 18
Solution:
(i) Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {3}{5}\), having numerator 18 is
\(\frac{3}{5}\) = 18 / [ ]
Observe the numerators, we have 18 ÷ 3=6
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {3}{5}\) by 6
∴ \(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{3 \times 6}{5 \times 6}=\frac{18}{30}\)
Thus, required equivalent fraction of \(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{18}{30}\)

Question (ii)
denominator 20
Solution:
Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {3}{5}\), having denominator 20 is \(\frac{3}{5}\) = [ ] / 20
Observe the denominators, we have 20 ÷ 5 = 4
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {3}{5}\) by 4
Thus, required equivalent fraction of \(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{12}{20}\)
∴ \(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{3 \times 4}{5 \times 4}=\frac{12}{20}\)
Thus, required equivalent fraction of
\(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{12}{20}\)

Question (iii)
numerator 24.
Solution:
Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {3}{5}\) , having numerator 24 is
\(\frac{3}{5}\) = 24 / [ ]
Observe the numerators, we have 24 ÷ 3 = 8
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {3}{5}\) by 8
∴ \(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{3 \times 8}{5 \times 8}=\frac{24}{40}\)
Thus, required equivalent fraction of
\(\frac{3}{5}=\frac{24}{40}\)

7. Find the equivalent fraction of \(\frac {24}{40}\), having

Question (i)
(i) numerator 6
(ii) numerator 48
(iii) denominator 20
Solution:
(i) Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {24}{40}\), numerator 6 is
\(\frac{24}{40}\) = 6 / [ ]
Observe the numerators, we have 24 ÷ 6 = 4
So, we divide both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {24}{40}\) by 4
∴ \(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{24 \div 4}{40 \div 4}=\frac{6}{10}\)
Thus, required equivalent fraction of
\(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{6}{10}\)

Question (ii)
numerator 48
Solution:
Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {24}{40}\), having numerator 48 is
\(\frac{24}{40}\) = 48 / [ ]
Observe the numerators, we have 48 ÷ 24 = 2
So, we multiply both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {24}{40}\) by 2
∴ \(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{24 \times 2}{40 \times 2}=\frac{48}{80}\)
Thus, required equivalent fraction of
\(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{48}{80}\)

Question (iii)
denominator 20
Solution:
Equivalent fraction of \(\frac {24}{40}\), having denominator 20 is
\(\frac{24}{40}\) = [ ] / 20
Observe the denominators, we have 40 ÷ 20 = 2
So, we divide both numerator and denominator of \(\frac {24}{40}\) by 2
\(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{24 \div 2}{40 \div 2}=\frac{12}{20}\)
∴ Thus, required equivalent fraction of
\(\frac{24}{40}=\frac{12}{20}\)

Punjab State Board PSEB 6th Class English Book Solutions English Vocabulary Punctuation Exercise Questions and Answers, Notes.

PSEB 6th Class English Vocabulary Punctuation

Punctuation means putting full stops, commas, question marks etc. into a piece of writing. Punctuation helps to clarify the meaning of the sentence or passage.
लिखते समय उचित विराम चिन्हों, अर्थात् full stops (.), commas (,), question marks (?) आदि का प्रयोग करना Punctuation कहलाता है। ये चिन्ह वाक्य अथवा लेख के अर्थ को स्पष्ट करने में सहायता करते हैं।

The important Marks of Punctuation are-

1. Full Stop (.)
2. Comma (,)
3. Question Mark (?)
4. Exclamation Mark (!)
5. Apostrophe (’)
6. Quotation Mark (“ ”)

1. Full Stop is used:
to make the end of an assertive or imperative sentence; as-
1. The children are laughing.
2. Don’t run after the dog.

→ to make abbreviations and initials; as-
Sat. Dec. Ltd. Mr. A. Chandra
M.A. M.L.A. M.P. Mrs. N. Roy

2. Comma is used:
→ to separate words from each other; as-
1. His sister is a tall, lovely mid gentle girl.
2. She has pens, pencils, notebooks and books.
3. He did his homework neatly, quickly and correctly.
Note : A comma is generally not used before and.

→ to separate a reporting verb from the reported speech.
1. She says, “I like my school very much.
2. The saint said, “God is good and gracious.

3. Question Mark is used:
→ after a direct question; as-
1. What is your name ?
2. Have you got a car ?

→ after a tag question; as-
1. She is happy; isn’t she ?
2. He didn’t go to school, did he ?

4. Exclamation Mark is used:
→ after expressions of surprise or strong feeling.
1. How hot it is !
2. What a lovely rose !

→ after an inteijection; as-
1. O !
2. Oh !
3. Alas !
4. Hurray !
5. Pooh !

5. Apostrophe (a raised comma) is used:
→ to show that some letters or numbers have been omitted; as-
1. I’m = I am.
2. hasn’t = has not
3. ’tis = it is
4. don’t = do not

→ to show the possessive form of nouns; as-
1. man’s hat
2. girls’ hostel
3. Principal’s office
4. Mohan’s bag.

6. Quotation Marks are used:
→ to show the actual words of a speaker; as-
1. The teacher said, “Stop writing.”
2. “I can’t help you,” said my friend.

→ to show the titles of songs, poems, books, magazines, etc.
1. “The Blind Beggar” is a beautiful poem.
2. Do you read ‘The Hindustan Times’ daily ?
Note : (i) Quotation Marks are also called Inverted Commas.
(ii) In place of double commas, we can use single commas also.

7. Capital letters are used in the following cases:
1. The first letter of the first word of a sentence.
2. The speech in inverted commas begins with a capital letter.
3. The pronoun ‘P is always written in the capital form.
4. All Proper Nouns begin with a capital letter.
(Manpreet, Punjab, the Gita, the Himalayas, etc.)

Exercises (Solved)

I. Punctuate the following sentences using capital letters where necessary:

1. Shes a good dancer
2. is neeru a good dancer
3. isn’t richa a good dancer
4. madhus sister isnt a good dancer
5. richa said madhu is a good dancer
6. preeti is a good dancer said richas sister
7. what are the children doing there in the street
8. they are pulling the little dogs tail and the dog is crying

Answer:
1. She’s a good dancer.
2. Is Neeru a good dancer ?
3. Isn’t Richa a good dancer ?
4. Madhu’s sister isn’t a good dancer.
5. Richa said,“ Madhu is a good dancer.”
6. ‘‘Preeti is a good dancer,” said Richa’s sister.
7. What are the children doing there in the street ?
8. They are pulling the little dog’s tail, and the dog is crying.

II. Punctuate the following sentences using capital letters where necessary:

1. do you have a pet
2. the ladys purse was stolen
3. mrs Indu jain taught us hindi
4. this is our classroom said tony
5. what a great man gandhiji was
6. reema will sing a song said neha
7. well you may go and play outside
8. j c bose was a famous indian scientist

Answer:
1. Do you have a pet ?
2. The lady’s purse was stolen.
3. Mrs. Indu Jain taught us Hindi.
4. ‘‘This is our classroom,” said Tony.
5. What a great man Gandhiji was !
6. ‘‘Reema will sing a song,” said Neha.
7. Well ! you may go and play outside.
8. J.C. Bose was a famous Indian scientist.

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Maths Book Solutions Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.1 Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Maths Chapter 9 Areas of Parallelograms and Triangles Ex 9.1

Question 1.
Which of the following figures lie on the same base and between the same parallels. In such a case, write the common base and the two parallels.

(i)

Answer:
In figure (i), trapezium ABCD and ∆ PDC lie on the same base and between the same parallels.
Here, DC is the common base and DC and AB are two parallels.

(ii)

Answer:
In figure (ii), no two figures lie on the same base and between the same parallels.

(iii)

Answer:
In figure (iii), parallelogram PQRS and ∆ TQR lie on the same base and between the same parallels.
Here, QR is the common base and QR and PS are two parallels.

(iv)

Answer:
In figure (iv), no two figures lie on the same base and between the same parallels.

(v)

Answer:
In figure (v), parallelograms ABCD and APQD as well as trapeziums ABQD and APCD, all the four figures, lie on the same base and between the same parallels.
Here, AD is the common base and AD and BQ are two parallels.

(vi)

Answer:
In figure (vi), no two figure lie on the same base and between the same parallels.