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Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 8 Poultry Farming Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 8 Poultry Farming

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Poultry Farming Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
At what age hen starts laying eggs?
Answer:
After 160 days.

Question 2.
Name two breeds of meat-type poultry.
Answer:
IBL-80 Broiler and White Plymouth Rock.

Question 3.
What is the average egg weight?
Answer:
55 gram.

Question 4.
Which hen gives white eggs?
Answer:
White Leghorn.

Question 5.
How many eggs are produced by Rhode Island Red annually?
Answer:
180 eggs.

Question 6.
Which gas is produced in poultry litter?
Answer:
Ammonia.

Question 7.
Which device is used to give heat to chicks?
Answer:
Brooder.

Question 8.
What is the height of the poultry shed?
Answer:
10 feet.

Question 9.
What is the size of the cage for two birds?
Answer:
15 inches long and 12 inches wide.

Question 10.
Whether feed consumption increases or decreases in the winter season?
Answer:
Increases.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
What is meant by poultry?
Answer:
The meaning of poultry is the rearing of birds (all types) to fulfill the economical needs of human beings. It includes chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, Japanese quails, emu, etc.

Question 2.
Give details of local desi breeds of layers.
Answer:
Breeds of the hen.

1. Sutlej Layer: Punjab Layer-1 and Punjab Layer-2 are two types of this breed. It lays 255-265 eggs annually. The average weight of one egg is 55 grams.
2. IBL-80 Broiler: It is a breed of hen which is reared for meat purposes. It weighs 1350-1450 grams at the age of 6 weeks.

Question 3.
Compare White Leghorn and Rhode Island Red hens.
Answer:

White Leghorn Hen	Rhode Island Red Hen
Its egg color is white.	Its egg color is brown.
It lays 220-250 eggs annually.	It lays 180 eggs annually.
It eats less.	It eats more.
Its meat is not tasty. It is egg giving breed.	It is used for meat purposes.

Question 4.
Which nutrients are required for the growth of birds?
Answer:
Birds require about 40 feed nutrients. These nutrients can be divided into 6 classes i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.

Question 5.
Explain poultry shed.
Answer:
Sheds of hen must be made at a higher elevation and they should be connected with road so that the transport of eggs, feed, and poultry litter is made easy. Rainwater should not collect around the shed.

Question 6.
Explain poultry management in summer.
Answer:
Birds don’t have sweat glands in their body and they have enough feathers so they face difficulty in summers. Plant mulberry trees and grass should be around the shed. Sprinkle water on the roof of the shed as this reduces the temperature of the shed in the summer. Sidewalls shouldn’t be more than 1 to 1.5 feet high. The wire mesh net is a must on the side walls. A thick layer of straw should be spread on the roof of the shed. In extremely hot conditions sprinkle water on the hens with a spray pump. Change the water regularly and increase the number of waterers in the shed.

Question 7.
What is the importance of poultry litter management?
Answer:
Keep the litter dry always. Many diseases are caused by wet litter. Thus ammonia gas is produced which causes difficulties for birds and as well as humans.

Question 8.
Name the breeds reared for meat purposes.
Answer:
IBL-80 Broiler, Rhode Island Red, and White Plymouth Rock are the main breeds of hen which are reared for their meat.

Question 9.
Give details of the IBL-80 breed.
Answer:
This breed is reared for meat purposes. It weighs 1350:1450 grams in six weeks.

Question 10.
How poultry feed is prepared?
Answer:
It contains maize, broken rice, wheat, rice polish, groundnut cake, fish meal, limestone, and common salt, etc. Antibiotics are also added to their poultry feed.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
Give details of exotic poultry breeds.
Answer:

• White Leghorn: The egg of this breed is white. It lays 220-250 eggs annually. Its meat is not tasty. It is of small size and eats less feed.
• Rhode Island Red: Its egg color is red. It lays 180 eggs annually. It eats more and it is reared for its meat.
• White Plymouth Rock: It lays 140 eggs annually. Its egg color is brown and its weight is more than 60 grams. Its chick attains a bodyweight of 1 kg at the age of 2 months.

Question 2.
Explain the feed nutrients of poultry.
Answer:
For proper growth and egg production, birds need 40 types of feed nutrients. Deficiency of any nutrient may cause deterioration in health and egg production. These nutrients can be classified into six categories, carbohydrates, protein, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.

Question 3.
What is the difference between summer and winter management of poultry?
Answer:
Summer management. Birds don’t have sweat glands in their body and they have enough feathers so they face difficulty in summers. Plant mulberry trees and grass should be around the shed. Sprinkle water on the roof of shed as this reduces the temperature of the shed m the summer. Side walls shouldn’t be more than 1 to 1.5 feet high.

Wire mesh net is must on the side walls. A thick layer of straw should be spreaded on the roof of the shed. In extreme hot conditions sprinkle water on the hens with spray pump. Change the water regularly and increase the number of waterers in the shed.

Winter Management. When temperature is below 0°C in winter it has bad effect on birds. If suitable temperature is not maintained in the shed then birds can eat 3-5 kg feed extra. Cover windows with curtains and stir the litter twice a week.

Question 4.
From where poultry training can be attained?
Answer:
Before starting a poultry farm, one should get proper training first. One can contact Deputy Director (Animal husbandary), GADVASU, Ludhiana or Krishi Vigyan Kendra of concerned district for this purpose.

Question 5.
Write a note on management of chicks.
Answer:
Chicks should be purchased from an approved and trusted hatchery. Keep young chicks in a brooder which is a device used to give warmth to the chicks. Keep the chicks in light for 24 hours for the first 6-8 weeks and give them balanced good quality feed.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
How many eggs are given by Sutlej Layer in a year?
Answer:
255-265 annually.

Question 2.
What is average body weight of IBL-80 broiler at the age of 6 weeks?
Answer:
1230-1450 gram.

Question 3.
At what age hen starts laying eggs?
Answer:
At the age of 160 days:

Question 4.
What is the weight of egg given by Sutlej layer?
Answer:
Approximately 55 gram.

Question 5.
Write types of Sutlej layer.
Answer:
Punjab layer-1, Punjab layer-2

Question 6.
Give name of breeds of hen found in world?
Answer:
White Leghorn, Rhode Island Red, White Plymouth Rock.

Question 7.
How many eggs are given by White Leghorn?
Answer:
In a year about 220-250 eggs.

Question 8.
What is the colour of eggs given by Rhode island red?
Answer:
These are brown in colour.

Question 9.
How many eggs are given by white plymouth rock?
Answer:
About 140 eggs annually.

Question 10.
How many feed nutrients are required by hens?
Answer:
They need 40 feed nutrients.

Question 11.
In how many classes feed nutrients are divided which are required by hens?
Answer:
Six classes i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins and water.

Question 12.
What should be the increase in protein, minerals and vitamins in feed of hen in summer?
Answer:
About 20-30%.

Question 13.
Wet litter leads to production of which gas?
Answer:
It leads to production of ammonia.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Which of the birds are reared to fulfil the economical needs of human beings?
Answer:
Chicken, turkey, ducks, geese, emu, Japanese quails etc. are the birds which are reared to fulfil the economical needs of human beings.

Question 2.
Why do birds find it hard to beair hot season of summer?
Answer:
Birds do not have sweat glands but have enough of feathres and thus they find it hard to bear hot season of summer.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Poultry Farming Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. Hen start laying eggs in :
(a) 50 days
(b) 160 days
(c) 500 days
(d) 250 days.
Answer:
(b) 160 days

2. Device which is used to keep chicks warm is called :
(a) microwave oven
(b) Brooder
(c) angeethi
(d) Tava
Answer:
(b) Brooder

3. Which gas is produced from little?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Hydrogen
(c) Ammonia
(d) Helium
Answer:
(c) Ammonia

4. Colour of egg obtained from Rhode island, red is:
(a) Khaki
(b) White
(c) Black
(d) Orange
Answer:
(a) Khaki

5. Average weight of egg obtained from Sutlej layer is :
(a) 10 gram
(b) 20 gram
(c) 100 gram
(d) 55 gram
Answer:
(d) 55 gram

True/False:

1. ‘Poultry’ is a word that includes all types of birds that are reared to fulfill their economical needs.
Answer:
True

2. Sutlej Layer is a type of breed of hen that gives about 255-265 eggs annually and the weight of the egg is 55 grams. A hen starts laying egg at the age of 160 days.
Answer:
True

3. White Leghorn is an exotic breed that lay 100-200 eggs annually.
Answer:

4. Rhode Island Red gives about 180 eggs annually, egg is of brown colors.
Answer:
True

5. IBL – 80 Broiler is a breed of hen which is reared for meat purpose. At the age of 6 weeks its body weight becomes 1350-1450 gram.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. Device which is used to keep chicks warm is called ……………..
Answer:
brooder

2. A Hen needs …………….. foot space.
Answer:
2 sq

3. Birds cannot sweat because they don’t have …………….. in the skin.
Answer:
sweat glands

4. White Plymouth Rock gives …………….. eggs annually and chick weight at the age of two months is 1 kg.
Answer:
140

5. Hens require about …………….. feed nutrients in their feed. Feed is divided into 6 parts i.e. carbohydrates, proteins, fat, minerals, vitamins, and water.
Answer:
40

Punjab State Board PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 7 Milk Products and their Marketing Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 9 Agriculture Chapter 7 Milk Products and their Marketing

Agriculture Guide for Class 9 PSEB Milk Products and their Marketing Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in 1-2 words:

Question 1.
What is the yield of Khoa from cow milk?
Answer:
We can. get 200-gram otKhoa from one-kilogram cow milk.

Question 2.
What is the yield of Khoa from buffalo milk?
Answer:
We can get 250 grams of Khoa from one kilogram of buffalo milk.

Question 3.
What is the yield of Paneer from cow milk?
Answer:
We can get 180 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram cow milk.

Question 4.
What is the yield of Paneer from buffalo milk?
Answer:
We can get 250 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram buffalo milk.

Question 5.
Write the names of fermented milk products.
Answer:
Dahi, Lassi.

Question 6.
What is the fat percentage in cow milk?
Answer:
At least 4%.

Question 7.
What is the solids-not-fat (SNF) percentage in cow milk?
Answer:
8.5% (SNF).

Question 8.
What is the fat percentage in buffalo milk?
Answer:
6% fat.

Question 9.
What is the solids-not-fat (SNF) percentage in buffalo milk?
Answer:
9% S.N.F.

Question 10.
What is the fat percentage of intoned milk?
Answer:
There is 3% of fat available in toned milk.

(B) Answer in 1-2 sentences:

Question 1.
What is the importance of milk in the human diet?
Answer:
Milk has high nutritive value and is easily digestible. Milk is a balanced diet and it is very significant amongst the vegetarian population. Nutrients like fat, protein, vitamins, bone-forming minerals are present in milk.

Question 2.
Which are the nutrients present in milk?
Answer:
Milk contains body-building proteins bone-forming minerals like calcium etc., vitamins, proteins, fats, etc. all the nutrients are present in milk.

Question 3.
Which milk products are being prepared on a commercial scale?
Answer:
Khoa, Paneer, Dahi, etc., and many sweets are prepared using Khoa and Paneer. Some other milk products prepared at the commercial level are standardized milk, toned milk, yogurt, skin milk powder, butter, ice cream, etc.

Question 4.
What is the shelf-life of Khoa?
Answer:
Khoa can be preserved for 13 days at room temperature and for two and a half months in a cold store.

Question 5.
How Ghee can be preserved for a long time?
Answer:
Ghee can be stored under sealed pack conditions in lacquered tin containers at 21°C and can be stored for 6-12 months. Moisture content should be low in Ghee.

Question 6.
What is the shelf-life of Paneer?
Answer:
If Paneer is prepared properly, it can be stored in a refrigerator for two weeks. Depending upon the method adopted to prepare Paneer it can be stored for 2-4 days to 5-6 months.

Question 7.
From where the training for the preparation of milk products can be obtained?
Answer:
From Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, National Dairy Reeeardll Institute, Karnal (Haryana), Guru Angad Dev Vettfdnajy, and Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana.

Question 8.
Give the legal standards of double-toned milk and standardized milk.
Answer:

Milk Type	S.N.F. (%)	Fat (%)
Double Toned Milk	9%	1.5%
Standardized Milk	8.5%	4.5%

Question 9.
How Khoa can be preserved?
Answer:
The Khoa can be preserved by keeping it at low temperature in polythene bags for up to 13 days at room temperature and up to 75 days (two and half months) in cold storage.

Question 10.
Which are the sweets prepared from Khoa?
Answer:
Gulab Jamun, Burfi, Kalakand, Peda, etc. are the sweets that can be prepared from Khoa.

(C) Answer in 5-6 sentences:

Question 1.
What are the advantages of selling milk products?
Answer:
Raw milk can spoil easily that is why milk products are prepared so that milk can be preserved for a longer time. As compared to milk, the milk products can be sold at higher prices and farmers can get more profit. Milk products are less voluminous than milk and have less weight than milk and the transportation cost is also less. There are no middlemen in marketing milk products and that is why profit is more. Family members also get self-employment at home.

Question 2.
What is a method of Paneer preparation?
Answer:
Some drops of lactic or citric acid are mixed (in natural or chemical form) in boiled hot milk which gets coagulated, whey is drained, and Paneer is obtained. This Paneer is pressed to get a single lump. This is stored in the refrigerator for two weeks.

Question 3.
Write the method of khoa preparation?
Answer:
Milk is heated continuously in a Karahi (Iron Pan) and constantly stirring-cum-scrapping is done by using Khunti (scrapper) till it reaches a semi-solid (doughy) stage. Then the contents of the pan are removed from the fire and worked up to make a solid mass known as Khoa-pat. We can get 200 grams of Khoa from 1 kg cow milk and 250 gram of Khoa from 1 kg of buffalo milk.

Question 4.
What are the legal standards for di£^milks?
Answer:
Following are the legal standards for SiffetenriT 41ks

• Cow milk should have 4% fat and 8.5% SNF (SolTds-not-fat)
• Buffalo milk should have 6% fat and 9% SNF (Solids-not- fat).
• The legal standards for other fluid milk products are as under:
• Toned milk should have 3.0% fat and 8.5% SNF.
• Double-toned milk should have 1.5% fat and 9.0% SNF.
• Standardized milk should have 4.5% fat and 8.5% SNF.

Question 5.
Which are the points to be kept in mind for successful marketing of milk products?
Answer:

1. We have to adopt hygienic conditions of milk during the processing of milk.
2. We have to maintain the legal standards of milk.
3. Farmers can prepare milk products that can be easily prepared and sold in the market.
4. There should be a proper linkage between farmers (milk producers) and the city market.
5. Farmers should sell their milk and milk products through cooperative societies to avoid middlemen.
6. Farmers should adopt the latest and modern techniques for processing milk.

Very Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
Why transportation of milk products is easy?
Answer:
Milk products are less in weight as compared to milk.

Question 2.
For how many days can we preserve Khoa at room temperature?
Answer:
For 13 days.

Question 3.
What is added to boiled hot milk to get Paneer?
Answer:
Citric Acid or lactic acid.

Question 4.
What is the reason for the spoiling of Ghee?
Answer:
Exposure to light, air, and water.

Question 5.
Which of the sweets can be prepared from Paneer?
Answer:
Rasgulla, Chhana murki.

Question 6.
Where is National Dairy Research Institute located?
Answer:
In Karnal (Haryana).

Question 7.
What is the fat percentage present in toned milk?
Answer:
3.0%.

Question 8.
What is the amount of S.N.F. intoned milk?
Answer:
8.5%.

Short Answer Type Questions:

Question 1.
For whom milk is an essential part of the diet?
Answer:
Pregnant women, children, youngsters, adults, and also patients.

Question 2.
What is the advantage of selling milk products?
Answer:
We get more profit from milk products as compared to milk.

Question 3.
How is 50% of the total milk produced, consumed?
Answer:
50% of the total milk produced is consumed in the making of commonly used milk products.

Question 4.
What are the milk products made from milk?
Answer:
Khoa-based sweets, Chhana sweets, Kheer, Kulfi, Ice-cream, Toned milk, Makhan, etc.

Long Answer Type Question:

Question 1.
Write methods to prepare and preserve Ghee.
Answer:
Ghee is prepared from heating the Makhan or Cream. We can preserve Ghee by properly packing it. Don’t allow it to expose to light, air, and water and that is why it should be packed in sealed containers. Ghee with high moisture tends to spoil faster.

PSEB 9th Class Agriculture Guide Milk Products and their Marketing Important Questions and Answers

Multiple Choice Questions:

1. We can get ……………. khoa from one kg milk of cow.
(a) 200 gram
(B) 500 gram
(c) 700 gram
(d) 300 gram.
Answer:
(a) 200 gram

2. Fat percentage in cow milk is :
(a) 4%
(b) 50%
(c) y2%
(d) 70%
Answer:
(b) 50%

3. Fat in toned milk is :
(a) 54%
(b) 3%
(c) 10%
(d) 25%.
Answer:
(b) 3%

4. Paneer obtained from one kg of buffalo milk is :
(a) 100 gram
(b) 50 gram
(c) 520 gram
(d) 250 gram
Answer:
(d) 250 gram

5. Percentage of SNF in double toned milk is :
(a) 3%
(b) 1%
(c) 9%
(d) 2%
Answer:
(c) 9%

True/False:

1. Milk products are—Khoa, Paneer (Cheese), Ghee, Dahi (curd), etc.
Answer:
True

2. We can get 200 grams of Khoa and 80 grams of Paneer from one-kilogram cow milk.
Answer:
False

3. Milk has high nutritive value like protein, calcium for bones, and other minerals.
Answer:
True

4. Milk is not a boon to mankind. Milk is ideal and unique food for mankind.
Answer:
False

5. Buffalo milk should have 6% of fat and the value of solid not-fat (S.N.F.) should be 9%.
Answer:
True

Fill in the Blanks:

1. ……………….. institutes play important role in the marketing of milk.
Answer:
Co-operative

2. Types of milk are – Toned milk, double toned milk and ………………..
Answer:
standardized milk

3. We can earn more profit by preparing different milk ………………..
Answer:
products

4. Raw milk can ……………….. easily. Therefore, milk can be processed and preserved for a long time by preparing different milk products.
Answer:
spoil

5. We can get 250 grams of Khoa and ……………….. of Paneer from one kg buffalo milk.
Answer:
250 grams

Punjab State Board PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Book Solutions Chapter 8 Organic Farming Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 8 Agriculture Chapter 8 Organic Farming

Agriculture Guide for Class 8 PSEB Organic Farming Textbook Questions and Answers

(A) Answer in One to Two words:

Question 1.
According to the organic farming concept should we feed the soil or plant?
Answer:
Feed the soil, not the plant.

Question 2.
Where is National Centre for Organic Fanning situated?
Answer:
In Ghaziabad.

Question 3.
Shallow rooted crops should be rotated with which type of crops?
Answer:
Deep rooted crops.

Question 4.
Is burning of crop residues allowed or not in organic fanning?
Answer:
Burning of crop residue is not allowed.

Question 5.
Can Bt crops be grown in organic fanning?
Answer:
No, Bt crops can not be grown.

Question 6.
Which types of crops are grown as intercrops in organic fanning?
Answer:
Leguminous crops.

Question 7.
Name any one bio-fungicide.
Answer:
Trichoderma.

Question 8.
Name any one bio-insecticide.
Answer:
At trichogramma.

Question 9.
Name the website from where information on organic farming can be obtained.
Answer:
www.apeda.gov.in.

Question 10.
In which year India formulated standards for organic farming?
Answer:
In year 2004.

(B) Answer in One to Two sentences:

Question 1.
Which type of crops should be rotated in field under organic farming?
Answer:
Rotate deep roots crops with shallow rooted crops and legumes with non legumes.

Question 2.
What are the causes of increasing demand of organic products?
Answer:
People have become aware about the adverse effects of modem agricultural practices. Purchasing capacity of the people have also increased. This has led to the increasing demand for organic food products.

Question 3.
Which countries are die major markets for organic products?
Answer:
Countries which are major markets for organic products are America, Japan and European union.

Question 4.
Define organic fanning.
Answer:
Organic farming is a system of farming in which agricultural production is done without harming or damaging natural resources like soil, water and air and also without using chemical fertilizers, herbicides, fungicides and insecticides.

Question 5.
Define organic standards.
Answer:
Organic standards are certain minimum requirements which must be met for organic food production. In India these standards were formulated in year 2004. Which are acceptable by other countries.

Question 6.
Which areas in India are more suitable for organic fanning?
Answer:
Areas which are organic by default or are nearly organic and where rainfall is 68%, organic farming should be promoted in such areas.

Question 7.
Which organic products have higher demand in world food market?
Answer:
There is a huge demand of tea, basmati rice, vegetables, fruits, pulses etc. which are grown by adopting organic farming practices, in the world organic food market.

Question 8.
Which countries have higher demand for organic products?
Answer:
Organic products are in higher demand in countries like, Japan, America, European Union.

Question 9.
What are the organic standards for use of seed in organic fanning?
Answer:
Seed should be taken from organic crop but if such seeds are not available then use untreated conventional seeds.

Question 10.
How weeds can be managed in organic maize?
Answer:
Cow pea is sown in maize rows as inter crop and it is harvested after 35-40 days of sowing. This practice controls weeds in maize and green fodder is also obtained.

(C) Answer in Five to Six sentences:

Question 1.
Why there is need to go in for organic farming?
Answer:
Our country became self-sufficient in grains due to green revolution. But excessive use of fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides etc. have deteriorated natural resources like soil, air and water to large extent. Due to adopting wheat-rice crop cycle for many years, area under traditional crops like pulses and oil seed crops have decreased.

We forgot the basic principle of rotation of shallow rooted crop with deep rooted crops and of N legumes with non-legumes. Unnecessarily and untimely application of urea reached deep into the soil with the rain water. Pesticide residues have appeared in food products, milk etc. People have become aware about the adverse effects of modem agricultural practices. Purchasing capacity of the people have also increased. This has led to the increasing demand for organic products. To meet this demand organic farming is in need.

Question 2.
How soil fertility is maintained under organic farming?
Answer:
In organic farming, agricultural production is done by maintaining natural balance and without harming natural resources. Soil fertility is maintained by doing following things:

• Chemical fertilizers, pesticides, fungicides are completely prohibited.
• Cultivation of leguminous crops is must in the crop rotation cycle.
• Burning of crop residue is not allowed.
• Contaminated water like sewage water can not be used for irrigation.
• Use beneficial insects and birds for protecting crops against insects and pests.
• Genetically modified crops are not allowed.

Question 3.
How insect-pests and diseases are controlled in organic farming?
Answer:
In organic farming chemical fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides etc. are totally prohibited. In this practice insects and diseases are controlled by natural methods. Beneficial insects and birds are used for controlling , pests and insects. Extract of neem and bio-pesticides (Bt trichogramma) are used to control pests and insects. Bio fungicides like trichoderma etc.can be used for disease management. Mixed cropping like wheat and ’ gram help in fighting against diseases and insects and pests.

Question 4.
What is organic certification and who does provide the certification?
Answer:
If organic products are to be sold in market or if these are to be exported to other countries then organic certification is must. Certification guarantees that the organic product is produced as per the organic standards. Government of India has authorized 24 certification agencies.

A farmer has to register his farm with any one of the agencies. Inspectors of the agency visit the farms and check the compliance of organic standards by the farmer. After satisfaction, agency certifies the produce as organic. One can get more information about organic standards and certification at the site www.apeda.gov. in.

Question 5.
What are the advantages of organic farming?
Answer:
Advantages of organic farming are:

• Fertility of the soil increases.
• Production cost is reduced.
• Organic produce is sold at higher price.
• This is sustainable agricultural practice.
• It helps in increasing employment.
• Poisonous residue is not found in environment and food items.

PSEB 8th Class Agriculture Guide Organic Farming Important Questions and Answers

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
How is hoeing done in organic farming?
Answer:
Manually by hands, wheel hoe or by tractor.

Question 2.
Which crops are sown as inter crops in organic farming.
Answer:
Legumes.

Question 3.
To meet nutritional requirement of crops in organic farming which non-edible cake is used?
Answer:
Castor cake.

Question 4.
How many certification agencies have been authorized to do organic certification in India?
Answer:
24 agencies

Question 5.
How much food grains are required by 2020?
Answer:
276 million ton food grains.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
Give two advantages of organic farming.
Answer:

• Fertility of the soil is maintained and is increased.
• More income from organic produce.

Question 2.
Cultivation of which crops is reduced due to green revolution.
Answer:
Area under the cultivation of the traditional crops like pulses and oil seed crops is reduced due to wheat rice crop cycle which helped in bringing green revolution.

Question 3.
Which organic produce is in demand in world market and which countries provide market for these products?
Answer:
Basmati rice, vegetables, fruits, tea, pulses and cotton are in demand in Japan, America and European Union.

Long Answer Type Question

Question 1.
Write a note on production of organic crops.
Answer:
Agricultural practices to be followed for the production of organic crops are the same as for conventional crops e.g. seeds, varieties, method, of sowing etc. In organic farming chemicals like, pesticides, weedicides, fungicides etc. are prohibited. Weed control management is done by crop rotation or by some agricultural methods.

In maize rows cowpea is sown which helps in controlling weeds and also provide green fodder. In turmeric fields rice straw mulching is done to control weeds. Legumes help in maintaining the fertility of the soil by fixing nitrogen of the atmosphere in the soil. Nutritional requirements of the crops are met with by using farm yard manure, compost, vermicompost etc. Insects and pests are controlled by beneficial insects and birds and also by using biopesticides like, extract v of neem. Mixed farming system also helps in managing insects and diseases.

Punjab State Board PSEB 7th Class Computer Science Book Solutions Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Exercise Questions and Answers.

PSEB Solutions for Class 7 Computer Science Chapter 7 Introduction to Multimedia

Computer Guide for Class 7 PSEB Introduction to Multimedia Textbook Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Multimedia is a combination of two words …………… and …………….
(a) Images Sound
(b) Audio, Video
(c) Multi, Media
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Multi, Media

Question 2.
Animation is of two types, these are …………… and …………… .
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Static, Hyper
(c) Raster, Bitmap
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(d) Path, Frame.

Question 3.
Requirements for Multimedia are …………… and …………… .
(a) Images, Sound
(b) Analog, Digital
(c) Hardware, Software
(d) Multimedia.
Answer:
(c) Hardware, Software

Question 4.
Input devices consists of …………… and …………… .
(a) Monitor, Printer
(b) RAM, Hard Disk
(c) Keyboard, Mouse
(d) Hardware, Software.
Answer:
(c) Keyboard, Mouse

Question 5.
In Multimedia, Text is of …………… and …………… type.
(a) Analog, Digital
(b) Raster, Bitmap
(c) Static, Hyper
(d) Path, Frame.
Answer:
(c) Static, Hyper

2. Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
In how many types a video can be classified?
Answer:
Video can be divided into two types: Analog and Digital video.

Question 2.
There are how many types of text?
Answer:
There are two types of text, Static text and Hyper text.

Question 3.
Write the name of any one type of animation.
Answer:
Path animation.

Question 4.
Write any one application of Multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia can be used in the field of education; it is used to teach students visually.

3. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is an Animation?
Answer:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

Question 2.
What is Video?
Answer:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The most commonly used software for watching videos are: Quick Time, Real Player, window media player.

Question 3.
What is Multimedia Conferencing?
Answer:
Multimedia Conferencing is a process of interacting with various people all around the world using tools of multimedia like camera, microphone, a display and so on.
There are various software and applications that allow you to do that.

4. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What is Multimedia? Explain the components of multimedia.
Answer:
Multimedia is a form of communication that combines different types of data such as text, audio, images, animations or video into a single presentation. Components of multimedia are as follow :
1. Text:
It is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages. In multimedia we can present text in a very attractive way using fonts, colors and styles. The most commonly used software for viewing text files are Microsoft Word, Notepad, Word Pad etc.
We can use two types of text in multimedia

(а) Static Text: Static text is a simple text that we use to type messages or other documents or given along with images to describe the image.
(b) Hypertext: Hypertext is text that contains links to other texts.

2. Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images. There are two types of images :

(a) Raster or Bitmap Images: Bitmap images are real images that are captured from digital cameras or scanners.

(b) Vector Images:
Vector images are drawn using lines, circles and other mathematical equations. These images remain smooth even when zoomed in. Vector imagery requires less memory to store and thus we can use less data to represent the image. These images are editable.

3. Audio:
In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc. Audio is an important part of multimedia because the concept that we cannot understand in the form of text, we explain in audio format. Some sound formats are :

(а) MIDI:
The full name of MIDI is Musical Instrument Digital Identifier. It is a communication tool developed for computers and electronic devices. It’s a flexible and easy way to create music projects in multimedia.

(b) Digital Audio: Digital audio is a better alternative to MIDI files. Digital sound files are created from predefined music to record live music.

4. Video:
Video means moving pictures with sound. This is the best way to communicate with each other. It is used in multimedia to present more information and saves a lot of time. The video is divided into two parts:

(a) Analog Videos:
Analog video is created in a video camera. Analog video, represents moving visual images (video) in the form of analog signals. The red, green and blue intensities are used to record these videos.

(b) Digital Videos:
Digital video is an electronic representation of moving visual images (video) in the form of encoded digital data. Digital video is audio/visual data in a binary format. Information is ‘ represented as a sequence of zeroes and ones.

5. Animation:
Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other. Animation is a method in which images are shown as a video at high speed. For example: Cartoon movies, games etc. There are two types of animation.

• Path Animation: In this animation, path geometry is used as an input.
• Frame Animation: In this animation, pictures are shown moving in a frame.

Question 2.
What are the requirements for multimedia?
Answer:
In multimedia, projects are created by combining text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. These projects require verity of hardware and software. The hardware and software commonly used in multimedia are as follows :

Hardware Requirements:
The following hardware is required to create multimedia apps. These hardware include inputs, outputs and storage devices.
1. Input Devices: Those devices which are used to enter data and instructions into a computer are called input devices. They add text, graphics, sounds, videos etc. to projects. The following are the input
devices used in multimedia,

• Keyboard
• Mouse
• Scanner
• Touch Screen
• Microphone
• Voice Recognition System
• Digital Camera
• Joystick
• Light Pen

2. Output Devices:
Those devices which are used to receive data from a computer. For example: printing a document, displaying images on a screen and playing audio or video. Below are the names of some of the output devices.

• Monitor
• Audio Devices
• Video Devices
• Projectors
• Speakers
• Printers etc.

3. Storage Devices:
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called storage and the devices in which multimedia projects are stored are called storage devices. The following are some of the storage devices used to store multimedia projects :

• Hard Disk Drive
• Magnetic Tape
• RAM if) External Disk Drive
• CD-R, CD-RW, DVD
• Pen Drive

Software Requirements:
Multimedia software is a tool used to edit and manage the key elements of multimedia such as text, graphics, sound, animation and video. The following are some of the specific software used for multimedia projects.

• Adobe Director
• Create Together
• Media Blander
• Media Works 6.2
• Play mo
• Multimedia Builder

Question 3.
What is a Multimedia Presentation? What should we keep in mind before preparing Multimedia presentation?
Answer:
The multimedia presentations are electronic documents that can include text, diagrams, graphics, photographs, sounds, animations, video clips etc.
Multimedia presentations are used to convey a message to others using a variety of communication methods. These presentations usually include text, animation, video, audio or interactive features such as forms, popup and more. The following should be kept in mind when creating a multimedia presentation :

• Text should be kept to a minimum in multimedia presentations.
• The level of audio and music quality should be good.
• The keyboard and mouse should be accessible for the convenience of the user.
• Multimedia presentation should be effective and small in size.

Question 4.
Write down applications of multimedia.
Answer:
Following are the common areas of applications of multimedia :
1. Education: Multimedia is used to teach students in school and colleges. Nowadays multimedia CDs are used instead of text books.

2. Business:
Multimedia applications are used in business for marketing, advertising, network communications, online shopping and more. It is also used in commercial marketing to motivate customers to buy products.

3. Advertisement:
Advertising industry uses multimedia to promote businesses, products and services. Multimedia advertising is done using animations and graphic design. Television, radio and print advertising are the most common mediums used in advertising.

4. Entertainment:
Multimedia is widely used in the entertainment industry. It is used especially in movies and video games to create special effects. Music and video apps are a great example of multimedia in entertainment.

5. Public Places:
Multimedia is available in many public places like trade shows, libraries, railway stations, museums, malls, airports, banks, hotels and exhibitions in the form of kiosks. It provides information to the customers and helps them.

6. Software:
Software engineers can use multimedia in computer entertainment to design everything from entertainment to digital games; it can be used as a learning process.

7. Medical Services:
Multimedia also use in Hospitals. For surgery methods, Tiny digital cameras are inserted in human body and it displays the inner scene of the body. In this way the medical practitioners were able to see the inner part without examine it.

PSEB 7th Class Computer Guide Introduction to Multimedia Important Questions and Answers

1. Fill in the Blanks

Question 1.
Coral Draw is …………… software.
(a) Text
(b) Word
(c) System
(d) Graphics.
Answer:
(d) Graphics.

Question 2.
Graphics are of …………… type.
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five.
Answer:
(a) Two

Question 3.
The movement of graphics is called …………… .
(a) Motion
(b) Move
(c) Animation
(d) Effect.
Answer:
(c) Animation

Question 4.
…………… video is created in a video camera.
(a) Analog
(b) Digital
(c) Motion
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Analog

Question 5.
…………… devices are used to receive data from a computer.
(a) Input
(b) Storage
(c) Output
(d) All of these.
Answer:
(c) Output

Question 6.
A group of slides is known as a slide …………… .
(a) Group
(b) Deck
(c) Bunch
(d) Presentation.
Answer:
(b) Deck

Question 7.
The process of permanently saving data and instructions is called …………… .
(a) Storage
(b) Video
(c) Table
(d) Document.
Answer:
(a) Storage

Question 8.
Full form of the RTF is …………… .
(a) Read Table Format
(b) Rich Text Format
(c) Read Text Format
(d) Rich Table Format.
Answer:
(b) Rich Text Format

2. True/False

1. The combination of different media is called multimedia.
Answer:
True
2. In multimedia pictures can be animated and voice can be heard by the listeners.
Answer:
True
3. The size of the bitmap image is smaller than the vector image.
Answer:
False
4. Multimedia should be full of text.
Answer:
False

3. Write the Full Forms

Question 1
1. RTF
2. TIFF
3. DIB
4. BMP
5. GIF
6. JPEG
7. PNG
8. WAV
9. MP3
10. AIFF
11. WMA
12. RA
13. AVI
14. MPEG.
Answer:
1. RTF → Rich Text Format
2. TIFF → Tagged Image File Format
3. DIB → Device Independent Bitmap
4. BMP → Bitmap
5. GIF → Graphical Interface Format
6. JPEG → Joint Photographic Expert Group
7. PNG → Portable Network Graphics
8. WAV → Wave form Audio File Format
9. MP3 → MPEG Layer 3 Format
10. AIFF → Audio Interchange File Format
11. WMA → Windows Media Audio
12. RA → Real Audio Format
13. AVI → Audio/Video Interleave
14. MPEG → Moving Picture Expert Group.

4. Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are Graphics?
Answer:
Graphic is an image or visual presentations of an object, displayed on a computer screen. Examples are photographs, drawing, graphics designs, maps, engineering drawings, or other images. Graphics often combine text and illustration.

Question 2.
What is Multimedia?
Answer:
Multimedia means more than one medium. Multimedia is a collection of many media. It includes a wide variety of media. When a lot of media like pictures, texts, sounds, movies etc. come together it becomes multimedia. Multimedia is being used as a means of entertainment, for education.

Question 3.
Name the different media that make multimedia.
Answer:
The different media that make multimedia are as follow:

• Text: Text is a combination of characters and certain symbols. Text is commonly used to send messages.
• Images: In multimedia we make the concept more effective and presentable with the help of images.
• Animation: Animation is the process of displaying multiple images one after the other.
• Audio: In multimedia audio means recording or playing sound, speeches, music etc..
• Film: It is an essential part of multimedia. Movies impress the audience a lot.

Question 4.
What kind of hardware is required for multimedia?
Answer:
The hardware required for multimedia is as follows:

• Sound Card
• Monitor
• C.D. Rom Drive
• Microphone
• Web or Digital Camera
• Headphones.

5. Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1.
What are the file formats used in multimedia?
Answer:
File Format for Multimedia:
File formats are designed to store specific types of information. Such as JPEG for storing raster data, AI for storing vector data, WAV and MPEG for storing audio data and video data.
Before reading about the file format in multimedia, we need to know how many types of files are in multimedia. Multimedia consists of 3 types of files which are mentioned ahead:

• Uncompressed: These are the files which are not compressed and are capable of storing a large file size.
• Lossless: Files that can be compressed and when they are compressed there is no loss in image quality such as (Vector images) which do not lose quality even when zoomed in and the image will remain clear.
• Lossy: Files that lose their quality when compressed. Such as bitmap Images. The easiest way to find any file type is to look at the file extension. The file extension determines which file it is.

Question 2.
Write the types of multimedia presentations.
Answer:
Types of Multimedia Presentation
There can be many types of multimedia presentations, some of which are as follows:
1. Virtual Presentation:
Where hosts and viewers attend the presentation remotely, are becoming common place. It is a technology that allows us to gather information on any topic and create a virtual presentation using high technology hardware software tools.

2. Slide Presentation:
A slide is a presentation page. A group of slides is known as a slide deck. A slide show is a display of a series of slides or images in an electronic device or on a projection screen. A slide can be a 35 mm slide seen with a slide projector. Presentation slides can be created in many pieces of software such as Microsoft PowerPoint, Apple Keynote, LibreOffice Effects, Preeze.

3. Web Presentations:
When we add audio, video, animation etc. to web pages instead of static photos and text, web Pages turn into web presentations.

Question 3.
What are the audio file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Audio File Format:
Audio file format is the file format used to store digital audio data on a computer system. Below are some audio file formats :
1. MP3:
The full form of MP3 is MPEG audio Layer-3. It is a standard technology and format that reduces the size of the file by one-tenth of the actual size and does not allow any loss in sound quality. The extension of these files is MP3.

2. WAV:
The most popular audio file format in Windows for storing compressed sound files. In order to the reduced the size of the files, these files can be converted to MP3 file format. The extension of these files is .WAV.

3. WMA (Window Media Audio):
These file formats are used to encode digital audio files similar to MP3. It can compress files at a higher rate than MP3. WMA files can be compressed to any size to match many different connection speeds or bandwidths. Their file extension is .wma.

4. AAC (Advanced Audio Coding):
The default audio format of Apple iTune. They work very well on Apple computing but do not work on web browsers. Their file extension is .aac.

5. Real Audio:
This format has been developed by Real Media to allow steaming of audio with low bandwidth. Its file extensions are ,rm, .ram.

Question 4.
What are the video file formats in multimedia?
Ans:
Video File Format:
Video files are a collection of images, audio and other data. The following are many different formats for encoding and saving video data.
1. AVI (Audio Video Interleave):
One of the oldest video formats developed by Microsoft. Due to its simple architecture, these files are able to run on different systems such as Windows, Macintosh, Linux. The file extension of these files is .avi.

2. MPEG (Moving Pictures Expert Group):
The first popular video format on the web is MPEG, These are compressed video files that can store both audio and video files. The file extension of these files is .mpeg.

3. MP4:
MP4 is one of the earliest digital video file formats introduced in 2001. Most digital platforms and devices support MP4. An MP4 format can store audio files, video files, still images and text. In addition, MP4 delivers high quality video with relatively small files. The file extension of these files is .mp4.

Question 5.
What are Image file formats in multimedia?
Answer:
Image File Format:
There are many different image formats and image file extensions that can be used to create and save images to a computer. The most common image formats are listed below :
1. TIFF:
Stands for Tagged Image File Format. TIFF file format is widely used bit mapped file format. TIFF files originally use lossless compression. Today TIFF files also use lossy compression according to the requirement. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes.TIFF can store many different types of image such as 1 bit image, gray scale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. It is supported by many image editing applications, software used by scanners and photo retouching programs. The file extension of these files is .tiff.

2. BMP:
The bitmap file format (BMP) is a very basic format supported by most Windows applications. BMP files are uncompressed. It allowing for very high-quality images but also larger file sizes. Therefore, these are not suitable for the internet. BMP can store many different type of image: 1 bit image, grayscale image, 8 bit color image, 24 bit RGB image etc. The file extension of these files is .bmp.

3. GIF (Graphics Interchange Formats):
The GIF format is one of the most popular on the Internet due to its compact size. They are widely used for web graphics, as they are limited to 256 colors and can be animated. The file extension of these files is .gif.

4. JPEG (Joint Photographic Experts Groups):
Jpeg is a “loosy” format meaning it compresses the image to make it a smaller file. Compression of the image causes loss of image quality but this loss is usually not noticeable. JPEG files are very common on the Internet and JPEG is a popular format for digital cameras. The file extension of these files is -jpeg.

5. PNG (Portable Network Graphics):
PNG files are a lossless image format designed to actually improve and convert GIF format. Unlike the 256 colors supported by GIF, PNG files can handle up to 16 million colors. The file extension of these files is .png.

6. RAW:
Raw images are images that are not processed by a camera or scanner. Most digital SLR cameras can shoot in RAW format. The file extension of these files is .raw.